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Oshi M, Roy AM, Yan L, Sasamoto M, Tokumaru Y, Wu R, Yamada A, Yamamoto S, Chishima T, Narui K, Endo I, Takabe K. Accelerated glycolysis in tumor microenvironment is associated with worse survival in triple-negative but not consistently with ER+/HER2- breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3041-3054. [PMID: 37559984 PMCID: PMC10408485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming to sustain immortality is a hallmark of cancer and glycolysis is an important way to attain this. Thus, we investigate the association of glycolysis and associated pathways in the survival of breast cancer. A total of 5,176 breast cancer patients from multiple independent cohorts were analyzed. We determined the glycolytic signaling score by the degree of enrichment by Gene Set Variant Analysis and the median was used to divide each cohort into high vs low score groups. Glycolysis high breast cancer significantly enriched the hallmark cell proliferation-related gene sets (E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, and MYC targets v1 and v2) and was associated with high MKI67 expression. In all cohorts, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was associated with the highest glycolysis score. It was found that in TNBC, glycolysis high breast cancer was associated with worse survival but in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer this was not observed consistently. The glycolysis high TNBC enriched multiple pro-cancerous gene sets and was infiltrated with a low level of B-cells and anti-cancerous immune cells, and significantly associated with a decreased level of cytolytic activity. It was also observed that the glycolysis was higher in the metastatic sites than in the primary breast cancer and the survival was not affected by the metastatic sites. In conclusion, accelerated glycolysis is associated with cancer cell proliferation and worse survival in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Oshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Arya Mariam Roy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Mahato Sasamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Narui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New YorkBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Inamdar S, Suresh AP, Mangal JL, Ng ND, Sundem A, Behbahani HS, Rubino TE, Shi X, Loa ST, Yaron JR, Hitosugi T, Green M, Gu H, Curtis M, Acharya AP. Succinate based polymers drive immunometabolism in dendritic cells to generate cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 358:541-554. [PMID: 37182805 PMCID: PMC10324539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Boosting the metabolism of immune cells while restricting cancer cell metabolism is challenging. Herein, we report that using biomaterials for the controlled delivery of succinate metabolite to phagocytic immune cells activates them and modulates their metabolism in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. In young immunocompetent mice, polymeric microparticles, with succinate incorporated in the backbone, induced strong pro-inflammatory anti-melanoma responses. Administration of poly(ethylene succinate) (PES MP)-based vaccines and glutaminase inhibitor to young immunocompetent mice with aggressive and large, established B16F10 melanoma tumors increased their survival three-fold, a result of increased cytotoxic T cells expressing RORγT (Tc17). Mechanistically, PES MPs directly modulate glutamine and glutamate metabolism, upregulate succinate receptor SUCNR1, activate antigen presenting cells through and HIF-1alpha, TNFa and TSLP-signaling pathways, and are dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase for their activity, which demonstrates correlation of succinate delivery and these pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that immunometabolism-modifying PES MP strategies provide an approach for developing robust cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Inamdar
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Abhirami P Suresh
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Joslyn L Mangal
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Nathan D Ng
- Molecular Biosciences and Biotechnology, The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Alison Sundem
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Hoda Shokrollahzadeh Behbahani
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Thomas E Rubino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Sharon T Loa
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jordan R Yaron
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Taro Hitosugi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew Green
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Marion Curtis
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Biodesign Center for Biomaterials Innovation and Translation.
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De K, Prasad P, Sinha S, Mukhopadhyay S, Roy SS. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Radiolabeled Glutamine Conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticles: A Simple Approach for Tumor Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37248067 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanoradiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging has gained worldwide importance for their multifaceted potentials focusing on providing a safe and cost-effective approach. Biodistribution studies on such species are capable of bringing nanomedicine to patients. Current therapeutically available labeling strategies suffer from different limitations, including off-target cytotoxicity and radiolabel release over time. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) nanoparticles are biodegradable carriers for a variety of contrast agents that can be employed in medicine with high loading capacity for multimodal imaging agents. Here, glutamine-conjugated PLGA polymers were used to construct polymeric nanoparticles (G-PNP) similar to unconjugated PLGA nanoparticles (PNP)s formulated for ex vivo cell labeling and in vivo tumor scintigraphy studies. G-PNP/PNP, characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, atomic-force-microscopy, particle-size, and zeta-potential studies, were biocompatible as evaluated by MTT assay. G-PNPs were radiolabeled with 99mtechnetium (99mTc) by borohydrite reduction. G-PNPs demonstrated higher cellular uptake than PNPs, with no major cytotoxicity. Radiochemical purity indicated that 99mTc labeled G-PNP (99mTc-G-PNP) can form a stable complex with substantial stability in serum with respect to time. Imaging studies showed that 99mTc-G-PNP significantly accumulated at the C6 glioma cell induced tumor-site in rats. Thus, 99mTc-G-PNP demonstrated favorable characteristics and imaging potential which may make it a promising tumor imaging nanoprobe as a nanoradiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakali De
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Parash Prasad
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Samarendu Sinha
- Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Hospital, Kolkata 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Soma Mukhopadhyay
- Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Hospital, Kolkata 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Lu Q, Sun X, Yegambaram M, Ornatowski W, Wu X, Wang H, Garcia-Flores A, Da Silva V, Zemskov EA, Tang H, Fineman JR, Tieu K, Wang T, Black SM. Nitration-mediated activation of the small GTPase RhoA stimulates cellular glycolysis through enhanced mitochondrial fission. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103067. [PMID: 36841483 PMCID: PMC10060112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and a Warburg phenotype of increased cellular glycolysis are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of this study was to determine whether increases in mitochondrial fission are involved in a glycolytic switch in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). Mitochondrial fission is increased in PAEC isolated from a sheep model of PH induced by pulmonary overcirculation (Shunt PAEC). In Shunt PAEC we identified increases in the S616 phosphorylation responsible for dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) activation, the mitochondrial redistribution of Drp1, and increased cellular glycolysis. Reducing mitochondrial fission attenuated cellular glycolysis in Shunt PAEC. In addition, we observed nitration-mediated activation of the small GTPase RhoA in Shunt PAEC, and utilizing a nitration-shielding peptide, NipR1 attenuated RhoA nitration and reversed the Warburg phenotype. Thus, our data identify a novel link between RhoA, mitochondrial fission, and cellular glycolysis and suggest that targeting RhoA nitration could have therapeutic benefits for treating PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Da Silva
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.
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5
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Kao TW, Chuang YC, Lee HL, Kuo CC, Shen YA. Therapeutic Targeting of Glutaminolysis as a Novel Strategy to Combat Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315296. [PMID: 36499623 PMCID: PMC9737183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to self-renew and are the primary driving force behind cancer metastatic dissemination and the preeminent hurdle to cancer treatment. As opposed to differentiated, non-malignant tumor offspring, CSCs have sophisticated metabolic patterns that, depending on the kind of cancer, rely mostly on the oxidation of major fuel substrates such as glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids for survival. Glutaminolysis is a series of metabolic reactions that convert glutamine to glutamate and, eventually, α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that provides biosynthetic building blocks. These building blocks are mostly utilized in the synthesis of macromolecules and antioxidants for redox homeostasis. A recent study revealed the cellular and molecular interconnections between glutamine and cancer stemness in the cell. Researchers have increasingly focused on glutamine catabolism in their attempt to discover an effective therapy for cancer stem cells. Targeting catalytic enzymes in glutaminolysis, such as glutaminase (GLS), is achievable with small molecule inhibitors, some of which are in early-phase clinical trials and have promising safety profiles. This review summarizes the current findings in glutaminolysis of CSCs and focuses on novel cancer therapies that target glutaminolysis in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wan Kao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chen Chuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Zheng Z, Zhang X, Bai J, Long L, Liu D, Zhou Y. PGM1 suppresses colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:201. [PMID: 35614441 PMCID: PMC9134613 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) is known for its involvement in cancer pathogenesis. However, its biological role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has remained unknown. Here, we studied the functions and mechanisms of PGM1 in CRC. METHODS We verified PGM-1 as a differentially expressed gene (DEG) by employing a comprehensive strategy of TCGA-COAD dataset mining and computational biology. Relative levels of PGM-1 in CRC tumors and adjoining peritumoral tissues were determined by qRT-PCR, western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in a tissue microarray. PGM1 functions were analyzed by CCK8, EdU, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and Transwell migration and invasion assays. The influence of PGM1 was further investigated by studying tumor formation in vivo. RESULTS The levels of PGM1 mRNA and protein were both reduced in CRC tissues, and the reductions were related to CRC pathology and overall survival. PGM1 knockdown stimulated both cell proliferation and colony formation, and inhibited cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while overexpression of PGM1 produced the opposite effects in CRC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of PGM1 were related to the PI3K/ AKT pathway. CONCLUSION We verified that PGM1 suppresses CRC progression via the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results suggest the potential for targeting PGM1 in treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Long
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Wang ZH, Peng WB, Zhang P, Yang XP, Zhou Q. Lactate in the tumour microenvironment: From immune modulation to therapy. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103627. [PMID: 34656878 PMCID: PMC8524104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered metabolic states, which are characterised by hypoxia and elevated levels of metabolites, particularly lactate, contribute to the immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Excessive lactate secreted by metabolism-reprogrammed cancer cells regulates immune responses via causing extracellular acidification, acting as an energy source by shuttling between different cell populations, and inhibiting the mechanistic (previously ‘mammalian’) target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in immune cells. This review focuses on recent advances in the regulation of immune responses by lactate, as well as therapeutic strategies targeting lactate anabolism and transport in the TME, such as those involving glycolytic enzymes and monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors. Considering the multifaceted roles of lactate in cancer metabolism, a comprehensive understanding of how lactate and lactate-targeting therapies regulate immune responses in the TME will provide insights into the complex relationships between metabolism and antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Bei Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Katz L, Tata A, Woolman M, Zarrine-Afsar A. Lipid Profiling in Cancer Diagnosis with Hand-Held Ambient Mass Spectrometry Probes: Addressing the Late-Stage Performance Concerns. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100660. [PMID: 34677375 PMCID: PMC8537725 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Untargeted lipid fingerprinting with hand-held ambient mass spectrometry (MS) probes without chromatographic separation has shown promise in the rapid characterization of cancers. As human cancers present significant molecular heterogeneities, careful molecular modeling and data validation strategies are required to minimize late-stage performance variations of these models across a large population. This review utilizes parallels from the pitfalls of conventional protein biomarkers in reaching bedside utility and provides recommendations for robust modeling as well as validation strategies that could enable the next logical steps in large scale assessment of the utility of ambient MS profiling for cancer diagnosis. Six recommendations are provided that range from careful initial determination of clinical added value to moving beyond just statistical associations to validate lipid involvements in disease processes mechanistically. Further guidelines for careful selection of suitable samples to capture expected and unexpected intragroup variance are provided and discussed in the context of demographic heterogeneities in the lipidome, further influenced by lifestyle factors, diet, and potential intersect with cancer lipid pathways probed in ambient mass spectrometry profiling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Katz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (L.K.); (M.W.)
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1P5, Canada
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Viale Fiume 78, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Michael Woolman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (L.K.); (M.W.)
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1P5, Canada
| | - Arash Zarrine-Afsar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (L.K.); (M.W.)
- Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, 100 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1P5, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-581-8473
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9
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Zhu G, Chang X, Kang Y, Zhao X, Tang X, Ma C, Fu S. CircRNA: A novel potential strategy to treat thyroid cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:201. [PMID: 34528697 PMCID: PMC8480381 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine cancer. Over the last 50 years, the global incidence of TC has been increasing. The survival rate of TC is higher than that of most other types of cancer, but it depends on numerous factors, including the specific type of TC and stage of the disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of long noncoding RNA with a closed loop structure that have a critical role in the complex gene regulatory network that controls the emergence of TC. The most important function of circRNAs is their ability to specifically bind to microRNAs. In addition, the biological functions of circRNAs also include interactions with proteins, regulation of the transcription of genes and acting as translation templates. Based on the characteristics of circRNAs, they have been identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of tumors. In the present review, the function and significance of circRNAs and their potential clinical implications for TC were summarized. Furthermore, possible treatment approaches involving the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosomes derived from MSCs as carriers to load and transport circRNAs were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zhu
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhu Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Chengxu Ma
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Songbo Fu
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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Yin K, Lee J, Liu Z, Kim H, Martin DR, Wu D, Liu M, Xue X. Mitophagy protein PINK1 suppresses colon tumor growth by metabolic reprogramming via p53 activation and reducing acetyl-CoA production. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2421-2435. [PMID: 33723373 PMCID: PMC8329176 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Understanding the mechanisms of CRC progression is essential to improve treatment. Mitochondria is the powerhouse for healthy cells. However, in tumor cells, less energy is produced by the mitochondria and metabolic reprogramming is an early hallmark of cancer. The metabolic differences between normal and cancer cells are being interrogated to uncover new therapeutic approaches. Mitochondria targeting PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a key regulator of mitophagy, the selective elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Defective mitophagy is increasingly associated with various diseases including CRC. However, a significant gap exists in our understanding of how PINK1-dependent mitophagy participates in the metabolic regulation of CRC. By mining Oncomine, we found that PINK1 expression was downregulated in human CRC tissues compared to normal colons. Moreover, disruption of PINK1 increased colon tumorigenesis in two colitis-associated CRC mouse models, suggesting that PINK1 functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC. PINK1 overexpression in murine colon tumor cells promoted mitophagy, decreased glycolysis and increased mitochondrial respiration potentially via activation of p53 signaling pathways. In contrast, PINK1 deletion decreased apoptosis, increased glycolysis, and reduced mitochondrial respiration and p53 signaling. Interestingly, PINK1 overexpression in vivo increased apoptotic cell death and suppressed colon tumor xenograft growth. Metabolomic analysis revealed that acetyl-CoA was significantly reduced in tumors with PINK1 overexpression, which was partly due to activation of the HIF-1α-pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase 1 (PDHK1)-PDHE1α axis. Strikingly, treating mice with acetate increased acetyl-CoA levels and rescued PINK1-suppressed tumor growth. Importantly, PINK1 disruption simultaneously increased xenografted tumor growth and acetyl-CoA production. In conclusion, mitophagy protein PINK1 suppresses colon tumor growth by metabolic reprogramming and reducing acetyl-CoA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Yin
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Jordan Lee
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Zhaoli Liu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Hyeoncheol Kim
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - David R. Martin
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Dandan Wu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Xiang Xue
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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11
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Shen YA, Chen CL, Huang YH, Evans EE, Cheng CC, Chuang YJ, Zhang C, Le A. Inhibition of glutaminolysis in combination with other therapies to improve cancer treatment. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 62:64-81. [PMID: 33721588 PMCID: PMC8570367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting glutamine catabolism has been attracting more research attention on the development of successful cancer therapy. Catalytic enzymes such as glutaminase (GLS) in glutaminolysis, a series of biochemical reactions by which glutamine is converted to glutamate and then alpha-ketoglutarate, an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, can be targeted by small molecule inhibitors, some of which are undergoing early phase clinical trials and exhibiting promising safety profiles. However, resistance to glutaminolysis targeting treatments has been observed, necessitating the development of treatments to combat this resistance. One option is to use synergy drug combinations, which improve tumor chemotherapy's effectiveness and diminish drug resistance and side effects. This review will focus on studies involving the glutaminolysis pathway and diverse combination therapies with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Emily Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jie Chuang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cissy Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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12
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Cholesterol-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer Cells Is Mediated via the ERRα Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112605. [PMID: 34073320 PMCID: PMC8198778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is increasing evidence that obesity and high circulating cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of recurrence and a higher mortality rate in breast cancer patients via altering the metabolic programming in breast cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which high cholesterol levels reprogram the metabolic pathways in breast cancer cells is not well-understood. We have previously demonstrated that cholesterol acts as an endogenous agonist of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), a strong regulator of cellular metabolism. The aim of the current study is to demonstrate whether cholesterol/obesity mediates its pathogenic effect in breast cancer cells via altering metabolic pathways in an ERRα-dependent manner. The findings of this study provide mechanistic insights into the link between cholesterol/obesity and metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer patients and reveal the metabolic vulnerabilities in such breast cancer patients that could be therapeutically targeted. Abstract The molecular mechanism underlying the metabolic reprogramming associated with obesity and high blood cholesterol levels is poorly understood. We previously reported that cholesterol is an endogenous ligand of the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα). Using functional assays, metabolomics, and genomics, here we show that exogenous cholesterol alters the metabolic pathways in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, and that this involves increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and TCA cycle intermediate levels. In addition, cholesterol augments aerobic glycolysis in TNBC cells although it remains unaltered in ER+ cells. Interestingly, cholesterol does not alter the metabolite levels of glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, or the pentose phosphate pathway, but increases the NADPH levels and cellular proliferation, in both cell types. Importantly, we show that the above cholesterol-induced modulations of the metabolic pathways in breast cancer cells are mediated via ERRα. Furthermore, analysis of the ERRα metabolic gene signature of basal-like breast tumours of overweight/obese versus lean patients, using the GEO database, shows that obesity may modulate ERRα gene signature in a manner consistent with our in vitro findings with exogenous cholesterol. Given the close link between high cholesterol levels and obesity, our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the association between cholesterol/obesity and metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer patients.
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13
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Salazar J, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Liver Cancer Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:127-136. [PMID: 34014539 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death around the world. Histologically, it can be divided into two major groups, hepatocellular carcinoma (75% of all liver cancer) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (15% of all liver cancer) [1, 2]. Primary liver cancer usually happens in liver disease or cirrhosis patients [1], and the risk factors for developing HCC depend on the etiology [3] and the country of provenance [1]. There is an urgent need for an accurate diagnostic test given the high proportion of false positives and false negatives for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a common HCC biomarker [4]. Due to often being diagnosed in advanced stages, HCCrelated deaths per year have doubled since 1999 [3]. With the use of metabolomics technologies [5], the aberrant metabolism characteristics of cancer tissues can be discovered and exploited for the new biomarkers and new therapies to treat HCC [6, 7].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Li T, Copeland C, Le A. Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:17-38. [PMID: 34014532 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental process for all cellular functions. For decades, there has been growing evidence of a relationship between metabolism and malignant cell proliferation. Unlike normal differentiated cells, cancer cells have reprogrammed metabolism in order to fulfill their energy requirements. These cells display crucial modifications in many metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis, which include the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the electron transport chain (ETC), and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) [1]. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect, it has been shown that the metabolism of cancer cells plays a critical role in cancer survival and growth. More recent research suggests that the involvement of glutamine in cancer metabolism is more significant than previously thought. Glutamine, a nonessential amino acid with both amine and amide functional groups, is the most abundant amino acid circulating in the bloodstream [2]. This chapter discusses the characteristic features of glutamine metabolism in cancers and the therapeutic options to target glutamine metabolism for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Park JK, Coffey NJ, Limoges A, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:39-56. [PMID: 34014533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of cancer cell metabolism has traditionally focused on glycolysis and glutaminolysis. However, lipidomic technologies have matured considerably over the last decade and broadened our understanding of how lipid metabolism is relevant to cancer biology [1-3]. Studies now suggest that the reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism contributes directly to malignant transformation and progression [4, 5]. For example, de novo lipid synthesis can supply proliferating tumor cells with phospholipid components that comprise the plasma and organelle membranes of new daughter cells [6, 7]. Moreover, the upregulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation can support tumor cell energetics and redox homeostasis [8], while lipid-derived messengers can regulate major signaling pathways or coordinate immunosuppressive mechanisms [9-11]. Lipid metabolism has, therefore, become implicated in a variety of oncogenic processes, including metastatic colonization, drug resistance, and cell differentiation [10, 12-16]. However, whether we can safely and effectively modulate the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism for cancer therapy is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Limoges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Lin P, Dai L, Crooks DR, Neckers LM, Higashi RM, Fan TWM, Lane AN. NMR Methods for Determining Lipid Turnover via Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics. Metabolites 2021; 11:202. [PMID: 33805301 PMCID: PMC8065598 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids comprise diverse classes of compounds that are important for the structure and properties of membranes, as high-energy fuel sources and as signaling molecules. Therefore, the turnover rates of these varied classes of lipids are fundamental to cellular function. However, their enormous chemical diversity and dynamic range in cells makes detailed analysis very complex. Furthermore, although stable isotope tracers enable the determination of synthesis and degradation of complex lipids, the numbers of distinguishable molecules increase enormously, which exacerbates the problem. Although LC-MS-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) is the standard for lipidomics, NMR can add value in global lipid analysis and isotopomer distributions of intact lipids. Here, we describe new developments in NMR analysis for assessing global lipid content and isotopic enrichment of mixtures of complex lipids for two cell lines (PC3 and UMUC3) using both 13C6 glucose and 13C5 glutamine tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Lin
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (P.L.); (R.M.H.); (T.W-M.F.)
| | - Li Dai
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.D.); (D.R.C.); (L.M.N.)
| | - Daniel R. Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.D.); (D.R.C.); (L.M.N.)
| | - Leonard M. Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.D.); (D.R.C.); (L.M.N.)
| | - Richard M. Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (P.L.); (R.M.H.); (T.W-M.F.)
- Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Teresa W-M. Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (P.L.); (R.M.H.); (T.W-M.F.)
- Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (P.L.); (R.M.H.); (T.W-M.F.)
- Department Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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17
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Izadirad M, Jafari L, James AR, Unfried JP, Wu ZX, Chen ZS. Long noncoding RNAs have pivotal roles in chemoresistance of acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1735-1743. [PMID: 33781951 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience poor outcomes following traditional high-dose chemotherapies and complete remission rates remain suboptimal. Chemoresistance is an obstacle to effective chemotherapy and the precise mechanisms involved remain to be determined. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as relevant factors in the development of drug resistance in patients with AML. Furthermore, accumulating data support the importance of lncRNAs as potentially useful novel therapeutic targets in many cancers. Here, we review the role of lncRNAs in the development and induction of the chemoresistance in AML, and suggest lncRNAs as novel molecular markers for diagnosis, prediction of patient response to chemotherapy, and novel therapeutic targets for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Izadirad
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Jafari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alva Rani James
- Digital Health & Machine Learning, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Unfried
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Ma CN, Wo LL, Wang DF, Zhou CX, Li JC, Zhang X, Gong XF, Wang CL, He M, Zhao Q. Hypoxia activated long non-coding RNA HABON regulates the growth and proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells by binding to and antagonizing HIF-1 alpha. RNA Biol 2021; 18:1791-1806. [PMID: 33478328 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1871215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of tumour cells to hypoxic microenvironment is one of the most significant characteristics of many malignant tumour diseases including hepatocarcinoma. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in the various levels of gene regulation thus functioning in growth and survival of tumour cells. Here, new hypoxia-related lncRNAs in hepatocarcinoma cells were screened and validated by lncRNA chip-array as well as real-time RT-PCR. Among them, a hypoxia-activated lncRNA that we identified and termed Hypoxia-Activated BNIP3 Overlapping Non-coding RNA (HABON), was not only regulated by hypoxic-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) but its expression increased significantly under hypoxia in tumour cells. We deciphered the biological characteristics of HABON including its cell localization, genomic location, as well as its full-length sequence, and proved HABON could promote growth, proliferation and clone-formation of hepatocarcinoma cells under hypoxia. Then, we revealed that HABON was transcriptionally activated by HIF-1α in hypoxic cells, furthermore, it could interact with HIF-1α and promote its protein degradation, thus affecting transcription of HIF-1α's target genes to exert its effects on cells. Besides, the elevated expression of HABON under hypoxia could promote the transcriptional activation of BNIP3 through HIF-1α, and increasing the expression level of BNIP3. This research provides a novel clue for the adaptive survival and growth mechanism of tumour under hypoxia, and gives a way to reveal the nature of tumour cells' resistance characteristics to harsh microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ning Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Di-Fei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ci-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Chi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Long Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Research Units of Stress and Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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19
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Wang Z, Xie Q, Zhou H, Zhang M, Shen J, Ju D. Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and Autophagy in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:582587. [PMID: 33510635 PMCID: PMC7836011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been renewed interest in metabolic therapy for cancer, particularly in amino acid deprivation by enzymes. L-asparaginase was approved for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Arginine deiminase and recombinant human arginase have been developed into clinical trials as potential cancer therapeutic agents for the treatment of arginine-auxotrophic tumors. Moreover, other novel amino acid degrading enzymes, such as glutaminase, methionase, lysine oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, have been developed for the treatment of malignant cancers. One of the greatest obstacles faced by anticancer drugs is the development of drug resistance, which is reported to be associated with autophagy. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that is responsible for the degradation of dysfunctional proteins and organelles. There is a growing body of literature revealing that, in response to metabolism stress, autophagy could be induced by amino acid deprivation. The manipulation of autophagy in combination with amino acid degrading enzymes is actively being investigated as a potential therapeutic approach in preclinical studies. Importantly, shedding light on how autophagy fuels tumor metabolism during amino acid deprivation will enable more potential combinational therapeutic strategies. This study summarizes recent advances, discussing several potential anticancer enzymes, and highlighting the promising combined therapeutic strategy of amino acid degrading enzymes and autophagy modulators in tumors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghong Xie
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
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20
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumorinitiating cells (TICs), are a group of cells found within cancer cells. Like normal stem cells, CSCs can proliferate, engage in self-renewal, and are often implicated in the recurrence of tumors after therapy [1, 2]. The existence of CSCs in various types of cancer has been proven, such as in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [3], breast [4], pancreatic [5], and lung cancers [6], to name a few. There are two theories regarding the origin of CSCs. First, CSCs may have arisen from normal stem/progenitor cells that experienced changes in their environment or genetic mutations. On the other hand, CSCs may also have originated from differentiated cells that underwent genetic and/or heterotypic modifications [7]. Either way, CSCs reprogram their metabolism in order to support tumorigenesis.
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21
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The Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:149-160. [PMID: 34014541 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, causing over half a million deaths a year in the USA alone. Despite recent advances made in the field of cancer biology and the therapies that have been developed [1, 2], it is clear that more advances are necessary for us to classify cancer as curable. The logical question that arises is simple: Why, despite all the technologies and medical innovations of our time, has a complete cure eluded us? This chapter sheds light on one of cancer's most impactful attributes: its heterogeneity and, more specifically, the intratumoral heterogeneity of cancer metabolism. Simply put, what makes cancer one of the deadliest diseases is its ability to change and adapt. Cancer cells' rapid evolution, coupled with their irrepressible ability to divide, gives most of them the advantage over our immune systems. In this chapter, we delve into the complexities of this adaptability and the vital role that metabolism plays in the rise and progression of this heterogeneity.
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22
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Zhang C, Le A. Diabetes and Cancer: The Epidemiological and Metabolic Associations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:217-227. [PMID: 34014546 PMCID: PMC9703197 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, and cancer are two of the most common diseases plaguing the world today. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are currently more than 20 million people with diabetes in the United States [1]. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were around 18 million people diagnosed with cancer, with approximately ten million deaths globally in 2018 [2]. Given the prevalence and deadliness of diabetes and cancer, these two diseases have long been the focus of many researchers with the goal of improving treatment outcomes. While diabetes and cancer may seem to be two very different diseases at first glance, they share several similarities, especially regarding their metabolic characteristics. This chapter discusses the similarities and relationships between the metabolism of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer, including their abnormal glucose and amino acid metabolism, the contribution of hyperglycemia to oncogenic mutation, and the contribution of hyperinsulinemia to cancer progression. Investigating the metabolic interplay between diabetes and cancer in an effort to exploit this connection for cancer treatment has the potential to significantly improve clinical efficacy.
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Hoang G, Nguyen K, Le A. Metabolic Intersection of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:249-263. [PMID: 34014548 PMCID: PMC9703259 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the two leading causes of mortality in the world [1]. Despite the immense effort to study these diseases and the constant innovation in treatment modalities, the number of deaths associated with cardiovascular diseases and cancer is predicted to increase in the coming decades [1]. From 2008 to 2030, due to population growth and population aging in many parts of the world, the number of deaths caused by cancer globally is projected to increase by 45%, corresponding to an annual increase of around four million people [1]. For cardiovascular diseases, this number is six million people [1]. In the United States, treatments for these two diseases are among the most costly and result in a disproportionate impact on low- and middleincome people. As the fight against these fatal diseases continues, it is crucial that we continue our investigation and broaden our understanding of cancer and cardiovascular diseases to innovate our prognostic and treatment approaches. Even though cardiovascular diseases and cancer are usually studied independently [2-12], there are some striking overlaps between their metabolic behaviors and therapeutic targets, suggesting the potential application of cardiovascular disease treatments for cancer therapy. More specifically, both cancer and many cardiovascular diseases have an upregulated glutaminolysis pathway, resulting in low glutamine and high glutamate circulating levels. Similar treatment modalities, such as glutaminase (GLS) inhibition and glutamine supplementation, have been identified to target glutamine metabolism in both cancer and some cardiovascular diseases. Studies have also found similarities in lipid metabolism, specifically fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of FAO and fatty acid synthesis have proven effective against many cancer types as well as specific cardiovascular conditions. Many of these treatments have been tested in clinical trials, and some have been medically prescribed to patients to treat certain diseases, such as angina pectoris [13, 14]. Other metabolic pathways, such as tryptophan catabolism and pyruvate metabolism, were also dysregulated in both diseases, making them promising treatment targets. Understanding the overlapping traits exhibited by both cancer metabolism and cardiovascular disease metabolism can give us a more holistic view of how important metabolic dysregulation is in the progression of diseases. Using established links between these illnesses, researchers can take advantage of the discoveries from one field and potentially apply them to the other. In this chapter, we highlight some promising therapeutic discoveries that can support our fight against cancer, based on common metabolic traits displayed in both cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiet Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kirsch BJ, Chang SJ, Betenbaugh MJ, Le A. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:103-116. [PMID: 34014537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with different biological characteristics. About 90% of all lymphomas in the United States originate from B lymphocytes, while the remaining originate from T cells [1]. The treatment of NHLs depends on the neoplastic histology and stage of the tumor, which will indicate whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination is the best suitable treatment [2]. The American Cancer Society describes the staging of lymphoma as follows: Stage I is lymphoma in a single node or area. Stage II is when that lymphoma has spread to another node or organ tissue. Stage III is when it has spread to lymph nodes on two sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV is when cancer has significantly spread to organs outside the lymph system. Radiation therapy is the traditional therapeutic route for localized follicular and mucosa-associated lymphomas. Chemotherapy is utilized for the treatment of large-cell lymphomas and high-grade lymphomas [2]. However, the treatment of indolent lymphomas remains problematic as the patients often have metastasis, for which no standard approach exists [2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian James Kirsch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael James Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Targeting Metabolic Cross Talk Between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:205-214. [PMID: 34014545 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer has classically been regarded as a genetic disease of uncontrolled cell growth, the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) [1, 2] is continuously emphasized by the accumulating evidence that cancer growth is not simply dependent on the cancer cells themselves [3, 4] but also dependent on angiogenesis [5-8], inflammation [9, 10], and the supporting roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) [11-13]. After the discovery that CAFs are able to remodel the tumor matrix within the TME and provide the nutrients and chemicals to promote cancer cell growth [14], many studies have aimed to uncover the cross talk between cancer cells and CAFs. Moreover, a new paradigm in cancer metabolism shows how cancer cells act like "metabolic parasites" to take up the high-energy metabolites, such as lactate, ketone bodies, free fatty acids, and glutamine from supporting cells, including CAFs and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) [15, 16]. This chapter provides an overview of the metabolic coupling between CAFs and cancer cells to further define the therapeutic options to disrupt the CAF-cancer cell interactions.
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Tan J, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:89-101. [PMID: 34014536 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in screening, therapy, and surveillance that have improved patient survival rates, breast cancer is still the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women [1]. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease rooted in a genetic basis, influenced by extrinsic stimuli, and reflected in clinical behavior. The diversity of breast cancer hormone receptor status and the expression of surface molecules have guided therapy decisions for decades; however, subtype-specific treatment often yields diverse responses due to varying tumor evolution and malignant potential. Although the mechanisms behind breast cancer heterogeneity is not well understood, available evidence suggests that studying breast cancer metabolism has the potential to provide valuable insights into the causes of these variations as well as viable targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zarisfi M, Nguyen T, Nedrow JR, Le A. The Heterogeneity Metabolism of Renal Cell Carcinomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:117-126. [PMID: 34014538 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to data from the American Cancer Society, cancer is one of the deadliest health problems globally. Annually, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) causes more than 100,000 deaths worldwide [1-4], posing an urgent need to develop effective treatments to increase patient survival outcomes. New therapies are expected to address a major factor contributing to cancer's resistance to standard therapies: oncogenic heterogeneity. Gene expression can vary tremendously among different types of cancers, different patients of the same tumor type, and even within individual tumors; various metabolic phenotypes can emerge, making singletherapy approaches insufficient. Novel strategies targeting the diverse metabolism of cancers aim to overcome this obstacle. Though some have yielded positive results, it remains a challenge to uncover all of the distinct metabolic profiles of RCC. In the quest to overcome this obstacle, the metabolic oriented research focusing on these cancers has offered freshly new perspectives, which are expected to contribute heavily to the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Zarisfi
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tu Nguyen
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessie R Nedrow
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Bose S, Zhang C, Le A. Glucose Metabolism in Cancer: The Warburg Effect and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:3-15. [PMID: 34014531 PMCID: PMC9639450 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Otto Warburg observed a peculiar phenomenon in 1924, unknowingly laying the foundation for the field of cancer metabolism. While his contemporaries hypothesized that tumor cells derived the energy required for uncontrolled replication from proteolysis and lipolysis, Warburg instead found them to rapidly consume glucose, converting it to lactate even in the presence of oxygen. The significance of this finding, later termed the Warburg effect, went unnoticed by the broader scientific community at that time. The field of cancer metabolism lay dormant for almost a century awaiting advances in molecular biology and genetics, which would later open the doors to new cancer therapies [2, 3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sminu Bose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cissy Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wu C, Cai X, Yan J, Deng A, Cao Y, Zhu X. Identification of Novel Glycolysis-Related Gene Signatures Associated With Prognosis of Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on TCGA. Front Genet 2020; 11:589663. [PMID: 33391344 PMCID: PMC7775602 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.589663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to detect novel glycolysis-related gene signatures of prognostic values for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods Glycolysis-related gene sets were acquired from the Molecular Signatures Database (V7.0). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software (4.0.3) was applied to analyze glycolysis-related gene sets. The Perl programming language (5.32.0) was used to extract glycolysis-related genes and clinical information of patients with ccRCC. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curve were drawn by the R programming language (3.6.3). Results The four glycolysis-related genes (B3GAT3, CENPA, AGL, and ALDH3A2) associated with prognosis were identified using Cox proportional regression analysis. A risk score staging system was established to predict the outcomes of patients with ccRCC. The patients with ccRCC were classified into the low-risk group and high-risk group. Conclusions We have successfully constructed a risk staging model for ccRCC. The model has a better performance in predicting the prognosis of patients, which may have positive reference value for the treatment and curative effect evaluation of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Cai
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Anyu Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueming Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Matés JM, Campos-Sandoval JA, de Los Santos-Jiménez J, Segura JA, Alonso FJ, Márquez J. Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer by Chemicals that Target Glutaminase Isoenzymes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5317-5339. [PMID: 31038055 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190416165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming of tumours is a hallmark of cancer. Among the changes in the metabolic network of cancer cells, glutaminolysis is a key reaction altered in neoplasms. Glutaminase proteins control the first step in glutamine metabolism and their expression correlates with malignancy and growth rate of a great variety of cancers. The two types of glutaminase isoenzymes, GLS and GLS2, differ in their expression patterns and functional roles: GLS has oncogenic properties and GLS2 has been described as a tumour suppressor factor. RESULTS We have focused on glutaminase connections with key oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Targeting glutaminase isoenzymes includes different strategies aimed at deactivating the rewiring of cancer metabolism. In addition, we found a long list of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and signalling pathways dealing with glutaminase. On the other hand, a number of chemicals have been described as isoenzyme-specific inhibitors of GLS and/or GLS2 isoforms. These molecules are being characterized as synergic and therapeutic agents in many types of tumours. CONCLUSION This review states the metabolic pathways that are rewired in cancer, the roles of glutaminase isoforms in cancer, as well as the metabolic circuits regulated by glutaminases. We also show the plethora of anticancer drugs that specifically inhibit glutaminase isoenzymes for treating several sets of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Matés
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José A Campos-Sandoval
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan de Los Santos-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan A Segura
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Alonso
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Canceromics Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Lin TY, Lu MK, Tseng AJ, Chao CH. Effects of sterol-type elicitors on biochemical characterization of polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1476-1483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rao G, Dwivedi SKD, Zhang Y, Dey A, Shameer K, Karthik R, Srikantan S, Hossen MN, Wren JD, Madesh M, Dudley JT, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. MicroRNA-195 controls MICU1 expression and tumor growth in ovarian cancer. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48483. [PMID: 32851774 PMCID: PMC7534609 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MICU1 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that inhibits mitochondrial calcium entry; elevated MICU1 expression is characteristic of many cancers, including ovarian cancer. MICU1 induces both glycolysis and chemoresistance and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, there are currently no available interventions to normalize aberrant MICU1 expression. Here, we demonstrate that microRNA-195-5p (miR-195) directly targets the 3' UTR of the MICU1 mRNA and represses MICU1 expression. Additionally, miR-195 is under-expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines, and restoring miR-195 expression reestablishes native MICU1 levels and the associated phenotypes. Stable expression of miR-195 in a human xenograft model of ovarian cancer significantly reduces tumor growth, increases tumor doubling times, and enhances overall survival. In conclusion, miR-195 controls MICU1 levels in ovarian cancer and could be exploited to normalize aberrant MICU1 expression, thus reversing both glycolysis and chemoresistance and consequently improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rao
- Department of PathologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | | | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Khader Shameer
- Institute of Next Generation Healthcare (INGH)Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic TechnologyDepartment of Genetics and Genomic SciencesMount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ramachandran Karthik
- Department of MedicineCardiology DivisionUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Subramanya Srikantan
- Department of MedicineCardiology DivisionUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of PathologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Genes & Human Disease Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of MedicineCardiology DivisionUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Institute of Next Generation Healthcare (INGH)Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic TechnologyDepartment of Genetics and Genomic SciencesMount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of PathologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer CenterThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
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Sun Y, Zhao D, Wang G, Wang Y, Cao L, Sun J, Jiang Q, He Z. Recent progress of hypoxia-modulated multifunctional nanomedicines to enhance photodynamic therapy: opportunities, challenges, and future development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1382-1396. [PMID: 32963938 PMCID: PMC7488364 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a salient feature of most solid tumors, confers invasiveness and resistance to the tumor cells. Oxygen-consumption photodynamic therapy (PDT) suffers from the undesirable impediment of local hypoxia in tumors. Moreover, PDT could further worsen hypoxia. Therefore, developing effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT has been a focus on antitumor treatment. In this review, the mechanism and relationship of tumor hypoxia and PDT are discussed. Moreover, we highlight recent trends in the field of nanomedicines to modulate hypoxia for enhancing PDT, such as oxygen supply systems, down-regulation of oxygen consumption and hypoxia utilization. Finally, the opportunities and challenges are put forward to facilitate the development and clinical transformation of PDT.
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Key Words
- 3O2, molecular oxygen
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- AQ4N, banoxantrone
- CaO2, calcium dioxide
- Cancer
- Ce6, chlorin e6
- CeO2, cerium oxide
- DC, dendritic cells
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DOX, doxorubicin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- H2O, water
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- HSA, human serum albumin
- Hb, hemoglobin
- Hypoxia
- MB, methylene blue
- MDR1, multidrug resistance 1
- MDSC, myeloid derived suppressive cells
- Mn-CDs, magnetofluorescent manganese-carbon dots
- MnO2, manganese dioxide
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Nanomedicine delivery systems
- O2.−, superoxide anion
- OH., hydroxyl radical
- Oxygen
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PFC, perfluorocarbon
- PFH, perfluoroethane
- PS, photosensitizers
- Photodynamic therapy
- RBCs, red blood cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophages
- TPZ, tirapazamine
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Linlin Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Ma L, Liu W, Xu A, Ji Q, Ma Y, Tai Y, Wang Y, Shen C, Liu Y, Wang T, Han J, Zhao C. Activator of thyroid and retinoid receptor increases sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating the Warburg effect. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2028-2040. [PMID: 32279388 PMCID: PMC7293092 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance is a major challenge in the therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of HCC resistance to sorafenib remain unclear. Activator of thyroid and retinoid receptor (ACTR, also known as SRC‐3), overexpressed in HCC patients, plays an important oncogenic role in HCC; however, the link between ACTR and sorafenib resistance in HCC is unknown. Our study demonstrated that ACTR was one of the most upregulated genes in sorafenib‐resistant HCC xenografts. ACTR increases sorafenib resistance through regulation of the Warburg effect. ACTR promotes glycolysis through upregulation of glucose uptake, ATP and lactate production, and reduction of the extracellular acidification and the oxygen consumption rates. Glycolysis regulated by ACTR is vital for the susceptibility of HCC to sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ACTR knockout or knockdown decreases the expression of glycolytic enzymes. In HCC patients, ACTR expression is positively correlated with glycolytic gene expression and is associated with poorer outcome. Furthermore, ACTR interacts with the central regulator of the Warburg effect, c‐Myc, and promotes its recruitment to glycolytic gene promoters. Our findings provide new clues regarding the role of ACTR as a prospective sensitizing target for sorafenib therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenpeng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - An Xu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Quanbo Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfu Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuan Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Juqiang Han
- Department of Liver Disease, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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PFKP is highly expressed in lung cancer and regulates glucose metabolism. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:617-629. [PMID: 32219704 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although it has been reported that up-regulation of phosphofructokinase (PFK) expression is a major feature of malignant tumors, the role of platelet type PFK (PFKP) in tumor initiation and progression is as yet poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate PFKP expression in lung cancer and its effect on glycolysis, and to explore correlations between PFKP expression levels and clinical lung cancer patient features. METHODS PFKP mRNA expression levels in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were compared using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. PFKP mRNA and protein expression levels in fresh lung cancer tissues and cell lines were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess PFKP expression in 150 archival lung adenocarcinoma samples, after which follow-up data and their correlations with clinical features and patient prognosis were evaluated. A retroviral shRNA-mediated method was used to construct stable cell lines expressing low levels of PFKP. Glucose, lactate and adenosine triphosphate concentrations in the cell culture supernatants were determined using enzymatic, spectrophotometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays, respectively. The effect of PFKP expression on the proliferation of lung cancer cells was assessed using colony forming, MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Finally, data from tissue samples of 533 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 502 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma were downloaded from the TCGA database, after which pathway and gene correlation information was retrieved using gene set enrichment analyses. RESULTS We found that PFKP was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. Using IHC we found that PFKP was highly expressed in primary lung adenocarcinoma tissues and that a high expression was associated with a poor prognosis. Clinical data analysis revealed that the PFKP expression levels correlated with tumor size and patient survival. Lung cancer cell lines with decreased PFKP expression levels showed significant decreases in glucose uptake rates, lactate levels and adenosine triphosphate concentrations. They also exhibited significantly decreased proliferation rates, colony forming abilities and increased G2/M cell cycle phase percentages. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that multiple pathways, including glycolytic pathways, may be involved in the regulation PFKP. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PFKP is highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cell lines and is associated with tumor size and patient prognosis. As such, PFKP may serve as a prognostic biomarker. We also found that PFKP regulates the level of glycolysis in lung cancer cells and is associated with lung cancer cell proliferation. These data may be instrumental for the design of new lung cancer treatment options.
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Masisi BK, El Ansari R, Alfarsi L, Rakha EA, Green AR, Craze ML. The role of glutaminase in cancer. Histopathology 2020; 76:498-508. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendah K Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Rokaya El Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Lutfi Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Madeleine L Craze
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
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Tang C, Pan Q, Gao S, Sun A, Wen F, Tang G. Excitatory glutamate transporter EAAC1 as an important transporter of N-(2-[ 18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamate in oncology PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 84-85:55-62. [PMID: 32066035 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have reported that N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamate ([18F]FPGLU) was a potential amino acid tracer for tumor imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, the relationship between glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) expression and [18F]FPGLU uptake in rat C6 glioma cell lines and human SPC-A-1 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was investigated. METHODS The uptake of [18F]FPGLU was assessed in ATRA-treated and untreated C6 cell lines, and also in EAAC1 knock-down SPC-A-1(shRNA) cells and SPC-A-1(NT) control cells. PET imaging of [18F]FPGLU was performed on the SPC-A-1 and SPC-A-1 (shRNA)-bearing mice models. RESULTS The uptake of [18F]FPGLU in C6 cells increased significantly after induced by ATRA for 24, 48, and 72 h, which was closely related to expression of EAAC1 in C6 cells (R2 = 0.939). Compared with the SPC-A-1(NT) control cells, the uptake of [18F]FPGLU on EAAC1 knock-down SPC-A-1(shRNA) cells significantly decreased to 64.0%. Moreover, the uptake of [18F]FPGLU in EAAC1 knock-down SPC-A-1(shRNA) xenografts was significantly lower than that in SPC-A-1 xenografts, with tumor/muscle ratios of 3.01 vs. 1.67 at 60 min post-injection of [18F]FPGLU. CONCLUSION The transport mechanism of [18F]FPGLU in glioma C6 and lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A-1 cell lines mainly involves in glutamate transporter EAAC1. EAAC1 is an important transporter of N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamate in oncologic PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiyong Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Siyuan Gao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Aixia Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fuhua Wen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Nanfang PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Brown TP, Ganapathy V. Lactate/GPR81 signaling and proton motive force in cancer: Role in angiogenesis, immune escape, nutrition, and Warburg phenomenon. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107451. [PMID: 31836453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of biochemical pathways is a hallmark of cancer cells, and generation of lactic acid from glucose/glutamine represents one of the consequences of such metabolic alterations. Cancer cells export lactic acid out to prevent intracellular acidification, not only increasing lactate levels but also creating an acidic pH in extracellular milieu. Lactate and protons in tumor microenvironment are not innocuous bystander metabolites but have special roles in promoting tumor-cell proliferation and growth. Lactate functions as a signaling molecule by serving as an agonist for the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR81, involving both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the autocrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on cancer cells; in the paracrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes present in tumor stroma. The end result of GPR81 activation is promotion of angiogenesis, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. The acidic pH creates an inwardly directed proton gradient across the cancer-cell plasma membrane, which provides driving force for proton-coupled transporters in cancer cells to enhance supply of selective nutrients. There are several molecular targets in the pathways involved in the generation of lactic acid by cancer cells and its role in tumor promotion for potential development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Zhang L, Fu Y, Guo H. c-Myc-Induced Long Non-Coding RNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 7 Regulates Glycolysis in Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2019; 22:533-547. [PMID: 31897328 PMCID: PMC6933030 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play an important role in cancer metabolism and development. The lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) was reported to be upregulated in colorectal cancer and contribute to its progression. In the current study, we investigated the role of lncRNA-SNHG7 in breast cancer and explored the underlying mechanism. Methods We monitored the expression of lncRNA-SNHG7 in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. We evaluated the effects of lncRNA-SNHG7 on cell proliferation and glycolysis in breast cancer cells by knocking down or overexpressing lncRNA-SNHG7. We searched for the potential microRNA (miRNA) target of lncRNA-SNHG7 and evaluated the effects of the target miRNA on glycolysis. We evaluated the potential regulation of lncRNA-SNHG7 by c-Myc. Results LncRNA-SNHG7 was up-regulated in both breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Knocking down lncRNA-SNHG7 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation while overexpressing lncRNA-SNHG7 enhanced cell proliferation. Knocking down lncRNA-SNHG7 resulted in decreased expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and decreased glycolysis. LncRNA-SNHG7 targeted miR-34a-5p to regulate LDHA expression and glycolysis. c-Myc bound to promoter of lncRNA-SNHG7 and positively regulated lncRNA-SNHG7 expression. Conclusion We demonstrated that c-Myc regulated glycolysis through the lncRNA-SNHG7/miR-34a-5p/LDHA axis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanying Fu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Fang N, Wu Z, Wang X, Lin Y, Li L, Huang Z, Chen Y, Zheng X, Cai S, Tu H, Kang D, Chen J. Quantitative assessment of microenvironment characteristics and metabolic activity in glioma via multiphoton microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900136. [PMID: 31251837 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment and metabolic activity in gliomas are the important biomarkers to evaluate the progression of gliomas. Many evidences have suggested that the targeting of metabolic activity and tumor microenvironment simultaneously can be more effective to take the tumor therapy. Therefore, the noninvasive, accurate assessment of tumor microenvironment and metabolic activity is quite important in clinical practice. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on two-photon-excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation was performed on unstained glioma tissues. With our combined image analysis approaches, our research findings indicate that MPM is able to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the microenvironment characteristics in gliomas, such as collage deposition in extracellular matrix, lymphocyte infiltration and tumor angiogenesis, etc. Meanwhile, the metabolic activity can also be quantitatively evaluated by optical redox ratio, NADH and FAD intensity. With the microendoscope and fiberscope are portable, MPM technique can be used to perform in-vivo studies and clinical examinations in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Zanyi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xingfu Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanxiang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Zufang Huang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xianying Zheng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Haohua Tu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Dezhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
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Causes and Consequences of A Glutamine Induced Normoxic HIF1 Activity for the Tumor Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194742. [PMID: 31554283 PMCID: PMC6802203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is the crucial regulator of genes that are involved in metabolism under hypoxic conditions, but information regarding the transcriptional activity of HIF1 in normoxic metabolism is limited. Different tumor cells were treated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions with various drugs that affect cellular metabolism. HIF1α was silenced by siRNA in normoxic/hypoxic tumor cells, before RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed while using the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 as a model. Differentially expressed genes were further analyzed and validated by qPCR, while the activity of the metabolites was determined by enzyme assays. Under normoxic conditions, HIF1 activity was significantly increased by (i) glutamine metabolism, which was associated with the release of ammonium, and it was decreased by (ii) acetylation via acetyl CoA synthetase (ACSS2) or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), respectively, and (iii) the presence of L-ascorbic acid, citrate, or acetyl-CoA. Interestingly, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, L-ascorbic acid, and citrate each significantly destabilized HIF1α only under normoxia. The results from the deep sequence analyses indicated that, in HIF1-siRNA silenced MDA-MB-231 cells, 231 genes under normoxia and 1384 genes under hypoxia were transcriptionally significant deregulated in a HIF1-dependent manner. Focusing on glycolysis genes, it was confirmed that HIF1 significantly regulated six normoxic and 16 hypoxic glycolysis-associated gene transcripts. However, the results from the targeted metabolome analyses revealed that HIF1 activity affected neither the consumption of glucose nor the release of ammonium or lactate; however, it significantly inhibited the release of the amino acid alanine. This study comprehensively investigated, for the first time, how normoxic HIF1 is stabilized, and it analyzed the possible function of normoxic HIF1 in the transcriptome and metabolic processes of tumor cells in a breast cancer cell model. Furthermore, these data imply that HIF1 compensates for the metabolic outcomes of glutaminolysis and, subsequently, the Warburg effect might be a direct consequence of the altered amino acid metabolism in tumor cells.
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Abstract
Amino acids perform a variety of functions in cells and organisms, particularly in the synthesis of proteins, as energy metabolites, neurotransmitters, and precursors for many other molecules. Amino acid transport plays a key role in all these functions. Inhibition of amino acid transport is pursued as a therapeutic strategy in several areas, such as diabetes and related metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, cancer, and stem cell biology. The role of amino acid transporters in these disorders and processes is well established, but the implementation of amino acid transporters as drug targets is still in its infancy. This is at least in part due to the underdeveloped pharmacology of this group of membrane proteins. Recent advances in structural biology, membrane protein expression, and inhibitor screening methodology will see an increased number of improved and selective inhibitors of amino acid transporters that can serve as tool compounds for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- 1 Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Hanaford AR, Alt J, Rais R, Wang SZ, Kaur H, Thorek DLJ, Eberhart CG, Slusher BS, Martin AM, Raabe EH. Orally bioavailable glutamine antagonist prodrug JHU-083 penetrates mouse brain and suppresses the growth of MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1314-1322. [PMID: 31340195 PMCID: PMC6657308 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of poor-prognosis medulloblastoma has genomic amplification of MYC. MYC regulates glutamine metabolism in multiple cellular contexts. We modified the glutamine analog 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) to mask its carboxylate and amine functionalities, creating a prodrug termed JHU-083 with increased oral bioavailability. We hypothesized that this prodrug would kill MYC-expressing medulloblastoma. JHU-083 treatment caused decreased growth and increased apoptosis in human MYC-expressing medulloblastoma cell lines. We generated a mouse MYC-driven medulloblastoma model by transforming C57BL/6 mouse cerebellar stem and progenitor cells. When implanted into the brains of C57BL/6 mice, these cells formed large cell/anaplastic tumors that resembled aggressive medulloblastoma. A cell line derived from this model was sensitive to JHU-083 in vitro. Oral administration of JHU-038 led to the accumulation of micromolar concentrations of DON in the mouse brain. JHU-083 treatment significantly increased the survival of immune-competent animals bearing orthotopic tumors formed by the mouse cerebellar stem cell model as well as immune-deficient animals bearing orthotopic tumors formed by a human MYC-amplified medulloblastoma cell line. These data provide pre-clinical justification for the ongoing development and testing of orally bioavailable DON prodrugs for use in medulloblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Hanaford
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Sabrina Z Wang
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Allison M Martin
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
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Park S, Safi R, Liu X, Baldi R, Liu W, Liu J, Locasale JW, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Inhibition of ERRα Prevents Mitochondrial Pyruvate Uptake Exposing NADPH-Generating Pathways as Targetable Vulnerabilities in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 27:3587-3601.e4. [PMID: 31216477 PMCID: PMC6604861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer cells exhibit metabolic flexibility, enabling them to withstand fluctuations in intratumoral concentrations of glucose (and other nutrients) and changes in oxygen availability. While these adaptive responses make it difficult to achieve clinically useful anti-tumor responses when targeting a single metabolic pathway, they can also serve as targetable metabolic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. Previously, we demonstrated that inhibition of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) significantly disrupts mitochondrial metabolism and that this results in substantial antitumor activity in animal models of breast cancer. Here we show that ERRα inhibition interferes with pyruvate entry into mitochondria by inhibiting the expression of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1). This results in a dramatic increase in the reliance of cells on glutamine oxidation and the pentose phosphate pathway to maintain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) homeostasis. In this manner, ERRα inhibition increases the efficacy of glutaminase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, a finding that has clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachid Safi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Baldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Uchenunu O, Pollak M, Topisirovic I, Hulea L. Oncogenic kinases and perturbations in protein synthesis machinery and energetics in neoplasia. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R83-R103. [PMID: 30072418 PMCID: PMC6347283 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding that metabolic perturbations and dysregulated protein synthesis are salient features of cancer, the mechanism underlying coordination of cellular energy balance with mRNA translation (which is the most energy consuming process in the cell) is poorly understood. In this review, we focus on recently emerging insights in the molecular underpinnings of the cross-talk between oncogenic kinases, translational apparatus and cellular energy metabolism. In particular, we focus on the central signaling nodes that regulate these processes (e.g. the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin MTOR) and the potential implications of these findings on improving the anti-neoplastic efficacy of oncogenic kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oro Uchenunu
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Hulea
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Hulea:
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Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Bankson JA, Brindle K, Cunningham CH, Gallagher FA, Keshari KR, Kjaer A, Laustsen C, Mankoff DA, Merritt ME, Nelson SJ, Pauly JM, Lee P, Ronen S, Tyler DJ, Rajan SS, Spielman DM, Wald L, Zhang X, Malloy CR, Rizi R. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: Path to Clinical Translation in Oncology. Neoplasia 2019; 21:1-16. [PMID: 30472500 PMCID: PMC6260457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This white paper discusses prospects for advancing hyperpolarization technology to better understand cancer metabolism, identify current obstacles to HP (hyperpolarized) 13C magnetic resonance imaging's (MRI's) widespread clinical use, and provide recommendations for overcoming them. Since the publication of the first NIH white paper on hyperpolarized 13C MRI in 2011, preclinical studies involving [1-13C]pyruvate as well a number of other 13C labeled metabolic substrates have demonstrated this technology's capacity to provide unique metabolic information. A dose-ranging study of HP [1-13C]pyruvate in patients with prostate cancer established safety and feasibility of this technique. Additional studies are ongoing in prostate, brain, breast, liver, cervical, and ovarian cancer. Technology for generating and delivering hyperpolarized agents has evolved, and new MR data acquisition sequences and improved MRI hardware have been developed. It will be important to continue investigation and development of existing and new probes in animal models. Improved polarization technology, efficient radiofrequency coils, and reliable pulse sequences are all important objectives to enable exploration of the technology in healthy control subjects and patient populations. It will be critical to determine how HP 13C MRI might fill existing needs in current clinical research and practice, and complement existing metabolic imaging modalities. Financial sponsorship and integration of academia, industry, and government efforts will be important factors in translating the technology for clinical research in oncology. This white paper is intended to provide recommendations with this goal in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Pauly
- Department of Electric Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| | - Philips Lee
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Biomedical Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sunder S Rajan
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), FDA, White Oak, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Departments of Radiology and Electric Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| | - Lawrence Wald
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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47
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Matés JM, Campos-Sandoval JA, Márquez J. Glutaminase isoenzymes in the metabolic therapy of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. NMR and MS-based Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics and Applications in Cancer Metabolism. Trends Analyt Chem 2018; 120. [PMID: 32523238 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in defining metabolic reprogramming in human diseases, which is recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. Although radiotracers have a long history in specific metabolic studies, stable isotope-enriched precursors coupled with modern high resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy have enabled systematic mapping of metabolic networks and fluxes in cells, tissues and living organisms including humans. These analytical platforms are high in information content, are complementary and cross-validating in terms of compound identification, quantification, and isotope labeling pattern analysis of a large number of metabolites simultaneously. Furthermore, new developments in chemoselective derivatization and in vivo spectroscopy enable tracking of labile/low abundance metabolites and metabolic kinetics in real-time. Here we review developments in Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) and recent applications in cancer metabolism using a wide variety of stable isotope tracers that probe both broad and specific aspects of cancer metabolism required for proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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49
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Ghoreishi SM, Khalaj A, Sabzevari O, Badrzadeh L, Mohammadzadeh P, Mousavi Motlagh SS, Bitarafan-Rajabi A, Shafiee Ardestani M. Technetium-99m chelator-free radiolabeling of specific glutamine tumor imaging nanoprobe: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4671-4683. [PMID: 30154653 PMCID: PMC6103604 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s157426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nowadays, molecular imaging radiopharmaceuticals', nanoparticles', and/or small-molecule biomarkers' applications are increasing rapidly worldwide. Thus, researchers focus on providing the novel, safe, and cost-effective ones. Materials and methods In the present experiment, technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled PEG-citrate dendrimer-G2 conjugated with glutamine (nanoconjugate) was designed and assessed as a novel tumor imaging probe both in vitro and in vivo. Nanoconjugate was synthesized and the synthesis was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, and static light scattering techniques. The toxicity was assessed by XTT and apoptosis and necrosis methods. Results Radiochemical purity indicates that the anionic dendrimer has a very high potential to complex formation with 99mTc and is also very stable in the human serum in different times. Results from the imaging procedures showed potential ability of nanoconjugates to detect tumor site. Conclusion Suitable features of the anionic dendrimer show that it is a promising agent to improve nanoradiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Masoumeh Ghoreishi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, .,Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Khalaj
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Omid Sabzevari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Badrzadeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Pardis Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, .,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi
- Echocardiography Research Center, Cardiovascular Interventional Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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50
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Alfonso JCL, Talkenberger K, Seifert M, Klink B, Hawkins-Daarud A, Swanson KR, Hatzikirou H, Deutsch A. The biology and mathematical modelling of glioma invasion: a review. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0490. [PMID: 29118112 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult gliomas are aggressive brain tumours associated with low patient survival rates and limited life expectancy. The most important hallmark of this type of tumour is its invasive behaviour, characterized by a markedly phenotypic plasticity, infiltrative tumour morphologies and the ability of malignant progression from low- to high-grade tumour types. Indeed, the widespread infiltration of healthy brain tissue by glioma cells is largely responsible for poor prognosis and the difficulty of finding curative therapies. Meanwhile, mathematical models have been established to analyse potential mechanisms of glioma invasion. In this review, we start with a brief introduction to current biological knowledge about glioma invasion, and then critically review and highlight future challenges for mathematical models of glioma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C L Alfonso
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - K Talkenberger
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - B Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Hawkins-Daarud
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - K R Swanson
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - H Hatzikirou
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - A Deutsch
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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