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Liu D, Bhunia AK. Anchorless Bacterial Moonlighting Metabolic Enzymes Modulate the Immune System and Contribute to Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2551-2566. [PMID: 39066728 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins (MPs), characterized by their ability to perform multiple physiologically unrelated functions without alterations to their primary structures, represent a fascinating class of biomolecules with significant implications for host-pathogen interactions. This Review highlights the emerging importance of metabolic moonlighting proteins (MetMPs) in bacterial pathogenesis, focusing on their non-canonical secretion and unconventional surface anchoring mechanisms. Despite lacking typical signal peptides and anchoring motifs, MetMPs such as acetaldehyde alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are secreted and localized to the bacterial surface under stress conditions, facilitating host colonization and immune evasion. The secretion of MetMPs, often observed during conditions such as resource scarcity or infection, suggests a complex regulation akin to the overexpression of heat shock proteins in response to environmental stresses. This Review proposes two potential pathways for MetMP secretion: membrane damage-induced permeability and co-transportation with traditionally secreted proteins, highlighting a remarkable bacterial adaptability. Biophysically, surface anchoring of MetMPs is driven by electrostatic interactions, bypassing the need for conventional anchoring sequences. This mechanism is exemplified by the interaction between the bifunctional enzyme AdhE (known as Listeria adhesion protein, LAP) and the internalin B (InlB) in Listeria monocytogenes, which is mediated by charged residues facilitating adhesion to host tissues. Furthermore, MetMPs play critical roles in iron homeostasis, immune modulation, and evasion, underscoring their multifaceted roles in bacterial pathogenicity. The intricate dynamics of MetMP secretion and anchoring underline the need for further research to unravel the molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes, offering potential new targets for therapeutic intervention against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Schiavolin L, Deneubourg G, Steinmetz J, Smeesters PR, Botteaux A. Group A Streptococcus adaptation to diverse niches: lessons from transcriptomic studies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:241-265. [PMID: 38140809 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2294905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a major human pathogen, causing diseases ranging from mild superficial infections of the skin and pharyngeal epithelium to severe systemic and invasive diseases. Moreover, post infection auto-immune sequelae arise by a yet not fully understood mechanism. The ability of GAS to cause a wide variety of infections is linked to the expression of a large set of virulence factors and their transcriptional regulation in response to various physiological environments. The use of transcriptomics, among others -omics technologies, in addition to traditional molecular methods, has led to a better understanding of GAS pathogenesis and host adaptation mechanisms. This review focusing on bacterial transcriptomic provides new insight into gene-expression patterns in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo with an emphasis on metabolic shifts, virulence genes expression and transcriptional regulators role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Schiavolin
- Microbiology Laboratory, European Plotkin Institute of Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Deneubourg
- Microbiology Laboratory, European Plotkin Institute of Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jenny Steinmetz
- Microbiology Laboratory, European Plotkin Institute of Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre R Smeesters
- Microbiology Laboratory, European Plotkin Institute of Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Brussels University Hospital, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Botteaux
- Microbiology Laboratory, European Plotkin Institute of Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Lai CY, Xie JX, Lai MC, Wu ZY, Lin JS, Huang YT, Chi CY, Chiang-Ni C, Walker MJ, Chang YC. Conserved molecular chaperone PrsA stimulates protective immunity against group A Streptococcus. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:46. [PMID: 38409165 PMCID: PMC10897429 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a significant human pathogen that poses a global health concern. However, the development of a GAS vaccine has been challenging due to the multitude of diverse M-types and the risk of triggering cross-reactive immune responses. Our previous research has identified a critical role of PrsA1 and PrsA2, surface post-translational molecular chaperone proteins, in maintaining GAS proteome homeostasis and virulence traits. In this study, we aimed to further explore the potential of PrsA1 and PrsA2 as vaccine candidates for preventing GAS infection. We found that PrsA1 and PrsA2 are highly conserved among GAS isolates, demonstrating minimal amino acid variation. Antibodies specifically targeting PrsA1/A2 showed no cross-reactivity with human heart proteins and effectively enhanced neutrophil opsonophagocytic killing of various GAS serotypes. Additionally, passive transfer of PrsA1/A2-specific antibodies conferred protective immunity in infected mice. Compared to alum, immunization with CFA-adjuvanted PrsA1/A2 induced higher levels of Th1-associated IgG isotypes and complement activation and provided approximately 70% protection against invasive GAS challenge. These findings highlight the potential of PrsA1 and PrsA2 as universal vaccine candidates for the development of an effective GAS vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xun Xie
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Yi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Shiuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chi
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Mark J Walker
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yung-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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4
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Sullivan MJ, Terán I, Goh KG, Ulett GC. Resisting death by metal: metabolism and Cu/Zn homeostasis in bacteria. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:45-56. [PMID: 38362914 PMCID: PMC10903455 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions such as zinc and copper play important roles in host-microbe interactions and their availability can drastically affect the survival of pathogenic bacteria in a host niche. Mechanisms of metal homeostasis protect bacteria from starvation, or intoxication, defined as when metals are limiting, or in excess, respectively. In this mini-review, we summarise current knowledge on the mechanisms of resistance to metal stress in bacteria, focussing specifically on the homeostasis of cellular copper and zinc. This includes a summary of the factors that subvert metal stress in bacteria, which are independent of metal efflux systems, and commentary on the role of small molecules and metabolic systems as important mediators of metal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Sullivan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ignacio Terán
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Kelvin G.K. Goh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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5
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Starikova EA, Mammedova JT, Ozhiganova A, Leveshko TA, Lebedeva AM, Sokolov AV, Isakov DV, Karaseva AB, Burova LA, Kudryavtsev IV. Streptococcal Arginine Deiminase Inhibits T Lymphocyte Differentiation In Vitro. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2585. [PMID: 37894243 PMCID: PMC10608802 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes use arginine-metabolizing enzymes as an immune evasion strategy. In this study, the impact of streptococcal arginine deiminase (ADI) on the human peripheral blood T lymphocytes function in vitro was studied. The comparison of the effects of parental strain (Streptococcus pyogenes M49-16) with wild type of ArcA gene and its isogenic mutant with inactivated ArcA gene (Streptococcus pyogenes M49-16delArcA) was carried out. It was found that ADI in parental strain SDSC composition resulted in a fivefold decrease in the arginine concentration in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants. Only parental strain SDSCs suppressed anti-CD2/CD3/CD28-bead-stimulated mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and caused a twofold decrease in IL-2 production in PBMC. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that ADI decreased the percentage of CM (central memory) and increased the proportion of TEMRA (terminally differentiated effector memory) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets. Enzyme activity inhibited the proliferation of all CD8+ T cell subsets as well as CM, EM (effector memory), and TEMRA CD4+ T cells. One of the prominent ADI effects was the inhibition of autophagy processes in CD8+ CM and EM as well as CD4+ CM, EM, and TEMRA T cell subsets. The data obtained confirm arginine's crucial role in controlling immune reactions and suggest that streptococcal ADI may downregulate adaptive immunity and immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora A. Starikova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jennet T. Mammedova
- Laboratory of General Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arina Ozhiganova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Leveshko
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra M. Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Sokolov
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Isakov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alena B. Karaseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larissa A. Burova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microecology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Igor V. Kudryavtsev
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Mu A, Klare WP, Baines SL, Ignatius Pang CN, Guérillot R, Harbison-Price N, Keller N, Wilksch J, Nhu NTK, Phan MD, Keller B, Nijagal B, Tull D, Dayalan S, Chua HHC, Skoneczny D, Koval J, Hachani A, Shah AD, Neha N, Jadhav S, Partridge SR, Cork AJ, Peters K, Bertolla O, Brouwer S, Hancock SJ, Álvarez-Fraga L, De Oliveira DMP, Forde B, Dale A, Mujchariyakul W, Walsh CJ, Monk I, Fitzgerald A, Lum M, Correa-Ospina C, Roy Chowdhury P, Parton RG, De Voss J, Beckett J, Monty F, McKinnon J, Song X, Stephen JR, Everest M, Bellgard MI, Tinning M, Leeming M, Hocking D, Jebeli L, Wang N, Ben Zakour N, Yasar SA, Vecchiarelli S, Russell T, Zaw T, Chen T, Teng D, Kassir Z, Lithgow T, Jenney A, Cole JN, Nizet V, Sorrell TC, Peleg AY, Paterson DL, Beatson SA, Wu J, Molloy MP, Syme AE, Goode RJA, Hunter AA, Bowland G, West NP, Wilkins MR, Djordjevic SP, Davies MR, Seemann T, Howden BP, Pascovici D, Tyagi S, Schittenhelm RB, De Souza DP, McConville MJ, Iredell JR, Cordwell SJ, Strugnell RA, Stinear TP, Schembri MA, Walker MJ. Integrative omics identifies conserved and pathogen-specific responses of sepsis-causing bacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1530. [PMID: 36934086 PMCID: PMC10024524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Even in the setting of optimal resuscitation in high-income countries severe sepsis and septic shock have a mortality of 20-40%, with antibiotic resistance dramatically increasing this mortality risk. To develop a reference dataset enabling the identification of common bacterial targets for therapeutic intervention, we applied a standardized genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic technological framework to multiple clinical isolates of four sepsis-causing pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Exposure to human serum generated a sepsis molecular signature containing global increases in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, consistent with cell envelope remodelling and nutrient adaptation for osmoprotection. In addition, acquisition of cholesterol was identified across the bacterial species. This detailed reference dataset has been established as an open resource to support discovery and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Mu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - William P Klare
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C N Ignatius Pang
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bioinformatics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nichaela Harbison-Price
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nadia Keller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wilksch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Minh-Duy Phan
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernhard Keller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dedreia Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saravanan Dayalan
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hwa Huat Charlie Chua
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dominik Skoneczny
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Koval
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitika Neha
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Snehal Jadhav
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally R Partridge
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cork
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivia Bertolla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephan Brouwer
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven J Hancock
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Álvarez-Fraga
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David M P De Oliveira
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Forde
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Dale
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Warasinee Mujchariyakul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Calum J Walsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mabel Lum
- Bioplatforms Australia Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolina Correa-Ospina
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James De Voss
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Beckett
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Francois Monty
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica McKinnon
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Stephen
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie Everest
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matt I Bellgard
- Office of eResearch, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Tinning
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Leeming
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dianna Hocking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leila Jebeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nancy Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nouri Ben Zakour
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Serhat A Yasar
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefano Vecchiarelli
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tonia Russell
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tyrone Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Don Teng
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zena Kassir
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Jenney
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason N Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jemma Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna E Syme
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J A Goode
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam A Hunter
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grahame Bowland
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonika Tyagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Frost H, Excler JL, Sriskandan S, Fulurija A. Correlates of immunity to Group A Streptococcus: a pathway to vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36650164 PMCID: PMC9844947 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding immunity in humans to Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) is critical for the development of successful vaccines to prevent the morbidity and mortality attributed to Strep A infections. Despite decades of effort, no licensed vaccine against Strep A exists and immune correlates of protection are lacking; a major impediment to vaccine development. In the absence of a vaccine, we can take cues from the development of natural immunity to Strep A in humans to identify immune correlates of protection. The age stratification of incidence of acute Strep A infections, peaking in young children and waning in early adulthood, coincides with the development of specific immune responses. Therefore, understanding the immune mechanisms involved in natural protection from acute Strep A infection is critical to identifying immune correlates to inform vaccine development. This perspective summarises the findings from natural infection studies, existing assays of immunity to Strep A, and highlights the gaps in knowledge to guide the development of Strep A vaccines and associated correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Frost
- grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jean-Louis Excler
- grid.30311.300000 0000 9629 885XInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiranee Sriskandan
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alma Fulurija
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kid’s Institute, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
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8
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Cell Proteins Obtained by Peptic Shaving of Two Phenotypically Different Strains of Streptococcus thermophilus as a Source of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224777. [PMID: 36432464 PMCID: PMC9695010 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus, a food grade bacterium, is extensively used in the manufacture of fermented products such as yogurt and cheeses. It has been shown that S. thermophilus strains exhibited varying anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Our previous study displayed that this activity could be partially due to peptide(s) generated by trypsin hydrolysis of the surface proteins of S. thermophilus LMD-9. Surface protease PrtS could be the source of these peptides during gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, peptide hydrolysates were obtained by shaving two phenotypically distinct strains of S. thermophilus (LMD-9 PrtS+ and CNRZ-21N PrtS-) with pepsin, a gastric protease, followed or not by trypsinolysis. The peptide hydrolysates of both strains exhibited anti-inflammatory action through the modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages (COX-2, Pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, and IL-8) and LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells (IL-8). Therefore, peptides released from either PrtS+ or PrtS- strains in the gastrointestinal tract during digestion of a product containing this bacterium may display anti-inflammatory effects and reduce the risk of inflammation-related chronic diseases.
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9
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Naorem RS, Pangabam BD, Bora SS, Goswami G, Barooah M, Hazarika DJ, Fekete C. Identification of Putative Vaccine and Drug Targets against the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Reverse Vaccinology and Subtractive Genomics Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:2083. [PMID: 35408485 PMCID: PMC9000511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic pathogen and responsible for causing life-threatening infections. The emergence of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus strains led to challenging issues in antibiotic therapy. Consequently, the morbidity and mortality rates caused by S. aureus infections have a substantial impact on health concerns. The current worldwide prevalence of MRSA infections highlights the need for long-lasting preventive measures and strategies. Unfortunately, effective measures are limited. In this study, we focus on the identification of vaccine candidates and drug target proteins against the 16 strains of MRSA using reverse vaccinology and subtractive genomics approaches. Using the reverse vaccinology approach, 4 putative antigenic proteins were identified; among these, PrsA and EssA proteins were found to be more promising vaccine candidates. We applied a molecular docking approach of selected 8 drug target proteins with the drug-like molecules, revealing that the ZINC4235426 as potential drug molecule with favorable interactions with the target active site residues of 5 drug target proteins viz., biotin protein ligase, HPr kinase/phosphorylase, thymidylate kinase, UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate-L-lysine ligase, and pantothenate synthetase. Thus, the identified proteins can be used for further rational drug or vaccine design to identify novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romen Singh Naorem
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Sport Biology, University of Pécs, Ifusag utja. 6, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.S.N.); (B.D.P.)
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India; (M.B.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Bandana Devi Pangabam
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Sport Biology, University of Pécs, Ifusag utja. 6, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.S.N.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Sudipta Sankar Bora
- DBT—North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology (DBT-AAU Center), Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India;
| | - Gunajit Goswami
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat 785008, India;
| | - Madhumita Barooah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India; (M.B.); (D.J.H.)
- DBT—North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology (DBT-AAU Center), Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India;
| | - Dibya Jyoti Hazarika
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India; (M.B.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Sport Biology, University of Pécs, Ifusag utja. 6, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.S.N.); (B.D.P.)
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10
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Hirose Y, Yamaguchi M, Sumitomo T, Nakata M, Hanada T, Okuzaki D, Motooka D, Mori Y, Kawasaki H, Coady A, Uchiyama S, Hiraoka M, Zurich RH, Amagai M, Nizet V, Kawabata S. Streptococcus pyogenes upregulates arginine catabolism to exert its pathogenesis on the skin surface. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108924. [PMID: 33789094 PMCID: PMC9214650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway has been found in many kinds of bacteria and functions to supplement energy production and provide protection against acid stress. The Streptococcus pyogenes ADI pathway is upregulated upon exposure to various environmental stresses, including glucose starvation. However, there are several unclear points about the advantages to the organism for upregulating arginine catabolism. We show that the ADI pathway contributes to bacterial viability and pathogenesis under low-glucose conditions. S. pyogenes changes global gene expression, including upregulation of virulence genes, by catabolizing arginine. In a murine model of epicutaneous infection, S. pyogenes uses the ADI pathway to augment its pathogenicity by increasing the expression of virulence genes, including those encoding the exotoxins. We also find that arginine from stratum-corneum-derived filaggrin is a key substrate for the ADI pathway. In summary, arginine is a nutrient source that promotes the pathogenicity of S. pyogenes on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hirose
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Masaya Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hanada
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Mori
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Immunology Data Integration Unit, RIKEN Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alison Coady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Masanobu Hiraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Raymond H Zurich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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11
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Xu Z, Rivera-Hernandez T, Moyle PM. Development of an Enzyme-Mediated, Site-Specific Method to Conjugate Toll-Like Receptor 2 Agonists onto Protein Antigens: Toward a Broadly Protective, Four Component, Group A Streptococcal Self-Adjuvanting Lipoprotein-Fusion Combination Vaccine. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1770-1782. [PMID: 32407620 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines composed of protein antigens covalently attached to Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists elicit superior immune responses compared to mixtures of antigens and TLR agonists. Among different conjugation approaches, enzyme-mediated ligation is one of the few that provides an opportunity for the generation of homogeneous, molecularly defined products in which protein antigens are maintained with native structures, which is most critical to elicit protective immune responses upon vaccination. Four highly conserved protein antigens from Group A Streptococcus (GAS) have the potential to be safe and efficacious vaccine candidates. After a TLR2 agonist fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide-1 (FSL-1) was successfully attached onto each antigen using sortase A and techniques for their purification were developed, a combination vaccine containing interleukin 8 (IL-8) protease (Streptococcus pyogenes cell envelope proteinase [SpyCEP]), Group A Streptococcal C5a peptidase (SCPA), anchorless virulence factor arginine deiminase (ADI), and trigger factor (TF)-TLR2 conjugates was produced. This combination was assessed for immunity in mice and compared with mixtures of the four antigens with FSL-1 or alum. High titer antigen-specific IgG antibodies were detected from all vaccine groups, with antibodies elicited from FSL-1 conjugates around 10-fold higher compared to the FSL-1 mixture group. Furthermore, the FSL-1 conjugates afforded a more balanced TH1/TH2 immune response than the alum-adjuvanted group, suggesting that this combination vaccine represents a promising candidate for the prevention of GAS diseases. Thus, we established a conjugation platform that allows for the production of defined, site-specific antigen-adjuvant conjugates, which maintain the native three-dimensional structure of antigens and can be potentially applied to a variety of protein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Cátedras CONACYT - Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, México
| | - Peter Michael Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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12
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The Pathogenic Factors from Oral Streptococci for Systemic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184571. [PMID: 31540175 PMCID: PMC6770522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is suggested as the reservoir of bacterial infection, and the oral and pharyngeal biofilms formed by oral bacterial flora, which is comprised of over 700 microbial species, have been found to be associated with systemic conditions. Almost all oral microorganisms are non-pathogenic opportunistic commensals to maintain oral health condition and defend against pathogenic microorganisms. However, oral Streptococci, the first microorganisms to colonize oral surfaces and the dominant microorganisms in the human mouth, has recently gained attention as the pathogens of various systemic diseases, such as infective endocarditis, purulent infections, brain hemorrhage, intestinal inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, as well as bacteremia. As pathogenic factors from oral Streptococci, extracellular polymeric substances, toxins, proteins and nucleic acids as well as vesicles, which secrete these components outside of bacterial cells in biofilm, have been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to consider that the relevance of these pathogenic factors to systemic diseases and also vaccine candidates to protect infectious diseases caused by Streptococci. This review article focuses on the mechanistic links among pathogenic factors from oral Streptococci, inflammation, and systemic diseases to provide the current understanding of oral biofilm infections based on biofilm and widespread systemic diseases.
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13
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Azuar A, Jin W, Mukaida S, Hussein WM, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Recent Advances in the Development of Peptide Vaccines and Their Delivery Systems Against Group A Streptococcus. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E58. [PMID: 31266253 PMCID: PMC6789462 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection can cause a variety of diseases in humans, ranging from common sore throats and skin infections, to more invasive diseases and life-threatening post-infectious diseases, such as rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Although research has been ongoing since 1923, vaccines against GAS are still not available to the public. Traditional approaches taken to develop vaccines for GAS failed due to poor efficacy and safety. Fortunately, headway has been made and modern subunit vaccines that administer minimal bacterial components provide an opportunity to finally overcome previous hurdles in GAS vaccine development. This review details the major antigens and strategies used for GAS vaccine development. The combination of antigen selection, peptide epitope modification and delivery systems have resulted in the discovery of promising peptide vaccines against GAS; these are currently in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wanli Jin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Saori Mukaida
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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14
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Davies MR, McIntyre L, Mutreja A, Lacey JA, Lees JA, Towers RJ, Duchêne S, Smeesters PR, Frost HR, Price DJ, Holden MTG, David S, Giffard PM, Worthing KA, Seale AC, Berkley JA, Harris SR, Rivera-Hernandez T, Berking O, Cork AJ, Torres RSLA, Lithgow T, Strugnell RA, Bergmann R, Nitsche-Schmitz P, Chhatwal GS, Bentley SD, Fraser JD, Moreland NJ, Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Parkhill J, Saul A, Williamson DA, Currie BJ, Tong SYC, Dougan G, Walker MJ. Atlas of group A streptococcal vaccine candidates compiled using large-scale comparative genomics. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1035-1043. [PMID: 31133745 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) is a bacterial pathogen for which a commercial vaccine for humans is not available. Employing the advantages of high-throughput DNA sequencing technology to vaccine design, we have analyzed 2,083 globally sampled GAS genomes. The global GAS population structure reveals extensive genomic heterogeneity driven by homologous recombination and overlaid with high levels of accessory gene plasticity. We identified the existence of more than 290 clinically associated genomic phylogroups across 22 countries, highlighting challenges in designing vaccines of global utility. To determine vaccine candidate coverage, we investigated all of the previously described GAS candidate antigens for gene carriage and gene sequence heterogeneity. Only 15 of 28 vaccine antigen candidates were found to have both low naturally occurring sequence variation and high (>99%) coverage across this diverse GAS population. This technological platform for vaccine coverage determination is equally applicable to prospective GAS vaccine antigens identified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Liam McIntyre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Jake A Lacey
- Doherty Department, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Lees
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Towers
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sebastián Duchêne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pierre R Smeesters
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah R Frost
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Price
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Sophia David
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Philip M Giffard
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kate A Worthing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - James A Berkley
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olga Berking
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cork
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosângela S L A Torres
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Epidemiology Laboratory and Disease Control Division, Laboratório Central do Estado do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rene Bergmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - John D Fraser
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole J Moreland
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan R Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia and Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Allan Saul
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bart J Currie
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Doherty Department, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon Dougan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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15
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Rivera-Hernandez T, Carnathan DG, Jones S, Cork AJ, Davies MR, Moyle PM, Toth I, Batzloff MR, McCarthy J, Nizet V, Goldblatt D, Silvestri G, Walker MJ. An Experimental Group A Streptococcus Vaccine That Reduces Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis in a Nonhuman Primate Model. mBio 2019; 10:e00693-19. [PMID: 31040243 PMCID: PMC6495378 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00693-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections account for an estimated 500,000 deaths every year. This bacterial pathogen is responsible for a variety of mild and life-threatening infections and the triggering of chronic autoimmune sequelae. Pharyngitis caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS), but not asymptomatic GAS carriage, is a prerequisite for acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Repeated bouts of ARF may trigger rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a major cause of heart failure and stroke accounting for 275,000 deaths annually. A vaccine that prevents pharyngitis would markedly reduce morbidity and mortality from ARF and RHD. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been utilized to model GAS diseases, and experimentally infected rhesus macaques develop pharyngitis. Here we use an NHP model of GAS pharyngitis to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental vaccine, Combo5 (arginine deiminase [ADI], C5a peptidase [SCPA], streptolysin O [SLO], interleukin-8 [IL-8] protease [SpyCEP], and trigger factor [TF]), specifically designed to exclude GAS components potentially linked to autoimmune complications. Antibody responses against all Combo5 antigens were detected in NHP serum, and immunized NHPs showed a reduction in pharyngitis and tonsillitis compared to controls. Our work establishes the NHP model as a gold standard for the assessment of GAS vaccines.IMPORTANCE GAS-related diseases disproportionally affect disadvantaged populations (e.g., indigenous populations), and development of a vaccine has been neglected. A recent strong advocacy campaign driven by the World Health Organization and the International Vaccine Institute has highlighted the urgent need for a GAS vaccine. One significant obstacle in GAS vaccine development is the lack of a widely used animal model to assess vaccine efficacy. Researchers in the field use a wide range of murine models of infection and in vitro assays, sometimes yielding conflicting results. Here we present the nonhuman primate pharyngeal infection model as a tool to assess vaccine-induced protection against colonization and clinical symptoms of pharyngitis and tonsillitis. We have tested the efficacy of an experimental vaccine candidate with promising results. We believe that the utilization of this valuable tool by the GAS vaccine research community could significantly accelerate the realization of a safe and effective GAS vaccine for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Jones
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Cork
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark R Davies
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter M Moyle
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James McCarthy
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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16
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Cohen A, Troib S, Dotan S, Najmuldeen H, Yesilkaya H, Kushnir T, Shagan M, Portnoi M, Nachmani H, Benisty R, Tal M, Ellis R, Chalifa-Caspi V, Dagan R, Nebenzahl YM. Streptococcus pneumoniae Cell Wall-Localized Trigger Factor Elicits a Protective Immune Response and Contributes to Bacterial Adhesion to the Host. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4295. [PMID: 30862841 PMCID: PMC6414539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigger factor (TF) has a known cytoplasmic function as a chaperone. In a previous study we showed that pneumococcal TF is also cell-wall localized and this finding combined with the immunogenic characteristic of TF, has led us to determine the vaccine potential of TF and decipher its involvement in pneumococcal pathogenesis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that TF is conserved among pneumococci and has no human homologue. Immunization of mice with recombinant (r)TF elicited a protective immune response against a pneumococcal challenge, suggesting that TF contributes to pneumococcal pathogenesis. Indeed, rTF and an anti-rTF antiserum inhibited bacterial adhesion to human lung derived epithelial cells, indicating that TF contributes to the bacterial adhesion to the host. Moreover, bacteria lacking TF demonstrated reduced adhesion, in vitro, to lung-derived epithelial cells, neural cells and glial cells. The reduced adhesion could be restored by chromosomal complementation. Furthermore, bacteria lacking TF demonstrated significantly reduced virulence in a mouse model. Taken together, the ability of rTF to elicit a protective immune response, involvement of TF in bacterial adhesion, conservation of the protein among pneumococcal strains and the lack of human homologue, all suggest that rTF can be considered as a future candidate vaccine with a much broader coverage as compared to the currently available pneumococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shani Troib
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Hastyar Najmuldeen
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation to Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Hasan Yesilkaya
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation to Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tatyana Kushnir
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marilou Shagan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maxim Portnoi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hannie Nachmani
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Benisty
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron Dagan
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yaffa Mizrachi Nebenzahl
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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17
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Jiang X, Yang Y, Zhou J, Liu H, Liao X, Luo J, Li X, Fang W. Peptidyl isomerase PrsA is surface-associated onStreptococcus suisand offers cross-protection against serotype 9 strain. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5281431. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang Unversity and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center, 336 Liuting Road, Ningbo 315012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang Unversity and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang Unversity and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanze Liu
- College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang Unversity and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiayi Liao
- College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang Unversity and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center, 336 Liuting Road, Ningbo 315012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang Unversity and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang Unversity and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Starikova EA, Golovin AS, Vasilyev KA, Karaseva AB, Serebriakova MK, Sokolov AV, Kudryavtsev IV, Burova LA, Voynova IV, Suvorov AN, Vasilyev VB, Freidlin IS. Role of arginine deiminase in thymic atrophy during experimental Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12734. [PMID: 30471128 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Expression of gene of arginine deiminase (AD) allows adaptation of Streptococcus pyogenes to adverse environmental conditions. AD activity can lead to L-arginine deficiency in the host cells' microenvironment. Bioavailability of L-arginine is an important factor regulating the functions of the immune cells in mammals. By introducing a mutation into S pyogenes M46-16, we obtained a strain with inactivated arcA/sagp gene (M49-16 delArcA), deficient in AD. This allowed elucidating the function of AD in pathogenesis of streptococcal infection. The virulence of the parental and mutant strains was examined in a murine model of subcutaneous streptococcal infection. L-arginine concentration in the plasma of mice infected with S pyogenes M49-16 delArcA remained unchanged in course of the entire experiment. At the same time mice infected with S pyogenes M49-16 demonstrated gradual diminution of L-arginine concentration in the blood plasma, which might be due to the activity of streptococcal AD. Mice infected with S pyogenes M49-16 delArcA demonstrated less intensive bacterial growth in the primary foci and less pronounced bacterial dissemination as compared with animals infected with the parental strain S pyogenes M46-16. Similarly, thymus involution, alterations in apoptosis, thymocyte subsets and Treg cells differentiation were less pronounced in mice infected with S pyogenes M49-16 delArcA than in those infected with the parental strain. The results obtained showed that S pyogenes M49-16 delArcA, unable to produce AD, had reduced virulence in comparison with the parental S pyogenes M49-16 strain. AD is an important factor for the realization of the pathogenic potential of streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alena Borisovna Karaseva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Victorovich Sokolov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Vladimirovich Kudryavtsev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Irina Vitalyevna Voynova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Nikolaevich Suvorov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim Borisovich Vasilyev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Solomonovna Freidlin
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Ozberk V, Pandey M, Good MF. Contribution of cryptic epitopes in designing a group A streptococcal vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2034-2052. [PMID: 29873591 PMCID: PMC6150013 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1462427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful vaccine needs to target multiple strains of an organism. Streptococcus pyogenes is an organism that utilizes antigenic strain variation as a successful defence mechanism to circumvent the host immune response. Despite numerous efforts, there is currently no vaccine available for this organism. Here we review and discuss the significant obstacles to vaccine development, with a focus on how cryptic epitopes may provide a strategy to circumvent the obstacles of antigenic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ozberk
- a Griffith University, Institute for Glycomics , Gold Coast Campus, Queensland , Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- a Griffith University, Institute for Glycomics , Gold Coast Campus, Queensland , Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- a Griffith University, Institute for Glycomics , Gold Coast Campus, Queensland , Australia
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20
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Gómez-Gascón L, Luque I, Tarradas C, Olaya-Abril A, Astorga RJ, Huerta B, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Comparative immunosecretome analysis of prevalent Streptococcus suis serotypes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 57:55-61. [PMID: 30017079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major Gram-positive swine pathogen associated with a wide variety of diseases in pigs. The efforts made to develop vaccines against this pathogen have failed because of lack of common cross-reactive antigens against different serotypes. Nowadays the interest has moved to surface and secreted proteins, as they have the highest chances to raise an effective immune response because they are in direct contact with host cells and are really exposed and accessible to antibodies. In this work, we have performed a comparative immunosecretomic approach to identify a set of immunoreactive secreted proteins common to the most prevalent serotypes of S. suis. Among the 67 proteins identified, three (SSU0020, SSU0934, and SSU0215) were those predicted extracellular proteins most widely found within the studied serotypes. These immunoreactive proteins may be interesting targets for future vaccine development as they could provide possible cross-reactivity among different serotypes of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael J Astorga
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Huerta
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
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21
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Wilk L, Happonen L, Malmström J, Herwald H. Comprehensive Mass Spectrometric Survey of Streptococcus pyogenes Subcellular Proteomes. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:600-617. [PMID: 29160079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major global health burden causing a wide variety of diseases. Because a vaccine against this bacterium is still lacking, vaccine candidates or antimicrobial therapies are urgently needed. Here we use an invasive and clinically relevant streptococcal M1 serotype to characterize the bacterial proteome in-depth. An elaborate fractionation technique is employed to separate the different cell fractions, followed by shotgun mass-spectrometry analysis, allowing us to confirm the expression of nearly two-thirds (1022) of the 1690 open reading frames predicted for the streptococcal M1 reference proteome. In contrast with other studies, we present the entire isolated membrane proteome, which opens up a whole new source for drug targets. We show both the unique and most prevalent proteins for each cellular fraction and analyze the presence of predicted cell-wall-anchored proteins and lipoproteins. With our approach, we also identify a variety of novel proteins whose presence has not been reported in previous proteome studies. Proteins of interest, potential virulence factors, and drug or vaccine targets are discussed for each cellular fraction. Overall, the results of this work represent the so-far widest proteomic approach to characterize the protein composition and localization in S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wilk
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Heiko Herwald
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
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22
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Le Breton Y, Belew AT, Freiberg JA, Sundar GS, Islam E, Lieberman J, Shirtliff ME, Tettelin H, El-Sayed NM, McIver KS. Genome-wide discovery of novel M1T1 group A streptococcal determinants important for fitness and virulence during soft-tissue infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006584. [PMID: 28832676 PMCID: PMC5584981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Group A Streptococcus remains a significant human pathogen causing a wide array of disease ranging from self-limiting to life-threatening invasive infections. Epithelium (skin or throat) colonization with progression to the subepithelial tissues is the common step in all GAS infections. Here, we used transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq) to define the GAS 5448 genetic requirements for in vivo fitness in subepithelial tissue. A near-saturation transposon library of the M1T1 GAS 5448 strain was injected subcutaneously into mice, producing suppurative inflammation at 24 h that progressed to prominent abscesses with tissue necrosis at 48 h. The library composition was monitored en masse by Tn-seq and ratios of mutant abundance comparing the output (12, 24 and 48 h) versus input (T0) mutant pools were calculated for each gene. We identified a total of 273 subcutaneous fitness (scf) genes with 147 genes (55 of unknown function) critical for the M1T1 GAS 5448 fitness in vivo; and 126 genes (53 of unknown function) potentially linked to in vivo fitness advantage. Selected scf genes were validated in competitive subcutaneous infection with parental 5448. Two uncharacterized genes, scfA and scfB, encoding putative membrane-associated proteins and conserved among Gram-positive pathogens, were further characterized. Defined scfAB mutants in GAS were outcompeted by wild type 5448 in vivo, attenuated for lesion formation in the soft tissue infection model and dissemination to the bloodstream. We hypothesize that scfAB play an integral role in enhancing adaptation and fitness of GAS during localized skin infection, and potentially in propagation to other deeper host environments. The WHO ranks the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) in the top 10 leading causes of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. GAS is a strict human pathogen causing both benign superficial infections as well as life-threatening invasive diseases. All GAS infections begin by colonization of an epithelium (throat or skin) followed by propagation into subepithelial tissues. The genetic requirements for M1T1 GAS 5448 within this niche were interrogated by in vivo transposon sequencing (Tn-seq), identifying 273 subcutaneous fitness (scf) genes with 108 of those previously of “unknown function”. Two yet uncharacterized genes, scfA and scfB, were shown to be critical during GAS 5448 soft tissue infection and dissemination into the bloodstream. Thus, this study improves the functional annotation of the GAS genome, providing new insights into GAS pathophysiology and enhancing the development of novel GAS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Le Breton
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YLB); (KSM)
| | - Ashton T. Belew
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Freiberg
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ganesh S. Sundar
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emrul Islam
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Lieberman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Shirtliff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Najib M. El-Sayed
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. McIver
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YLB); (KSM)
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23
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Heinson AI, Gunawardana Y, Moesker B, Hume CCD, Vataga E, Hall Y, Stylianou E, McShane H, Williams A, Niranjan M, Woelk CH. Enhancing the Biological Relevance of Machine Learning Classifiers for Reverse Vaccinology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020312. [PMID: 28157153 PMCID: PMC5343848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse vaccinology (RV) is a bioinformatics approach that can predict antigens with protective potential from the protein coding genomes of bacterial pathogens for subunit vaccine design. RV has become firmly established following the development of the BEXSERO® vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. RV studies have begun to incorporate machine learning (ML) techniques to distinguish bacterial protective antigens (BPAs) from non-BPAs. This research contributes significantly to the RV field by using permutation analysis to demonstrate that a signal for protective antigens can be curated from published data. Furthermore, the effects of the following on an ML approach to RV were also assessed: nested cross-validation, balancing selection of non-BPAs for subcellular localization, increasing the training data, and incorporating greater numbers of protein annotation tools for feature generation. These enhancements yielded a support vector machine (SVM) classifier that could discriminate BPAs (n = 200) from non-BPAs (n = 200) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.787. In addition, hierarchical clustering of BPAs revealed that intracellular BPAs clustered separately from extracellular BPAs. However, no immediate benefit was derived when training SVM classifiers on data sets exclusively containing intra- or extracellular BPAs. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that ML classifiers have great utility in RV approaches and will lead to new subunit vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley I Heinson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | | | - Bastiaan Moesker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Carmen C Denman Hume
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Department of Pathogen Molecular BiologyLondon WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Elena Vataga
- Solutions, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Yper Hall
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Elena Stylianou
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Ann Williams
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Mahesan Niranjan
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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24
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Disorazoles Block Group A Streptococcal Invasion into Epithelial Cells Via Interference with the Host Factor Ezrin. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:159-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Seth A, Kong IG, Lee SH, Yang JY, Lee YS, Kim Y, Wibowo N, Middelberg AP, Lua LH, Kweon MN. Modular virus-like particles for sublingual vaccination against group A streptococcus. Vaccine 2016; 34:6472-6480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Differing Efficacies of Lead Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidates and Full-Length M Protein in Cutaneous and Invasive Disease Models. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.00618-16. [PMID: 27302756 PMCID: PMC4916377 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00618-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for both superficial infections and invasive diseases. Autoimmune sequelae may occur upon repeated infection. For this reason, development of a vaccine against GAS represents a major challenge, since certain GAS components may trigger autoimmunity. We formulated three combination vaccines containing the following: (i) streptolysin O (SLO), interleukin 8 (IL-8) protease (Streptococcus pyogenes cell envelope proteinase [SpyCEP]), group A streptococcal C5a peptidase (SCPA), arginine deiminase (ADI), and trigger factor (TF); (ii) the conserved M-protein-derived J8 peptide conjugated to ADI; and (iii) group A carbohydrate lacking the N-acetylglucosamine side chain conjugated to ADI. We compared these combination vaccines to a “gold standard” for immunogenicity, full-length M1 protein. Vaccines were adjuvanted with alum, and mice were immunized on days 0, 21, and 28. On day 42, mice were challenged via cutaneous or subcutaneous routes. High-titer antigen-specific antibody responses with bactericidal activity were detected in mouse serum samples for all vaccine candidates. In comparison with sham-immunized mice, all vaccines afforded protection against cutaneous challenge. However, only full-length M1 protein provided protection in the subcutaneous invasive disease model. This set of experiments demonstrates the inherent variability of mouse models for the characterization of GAS vaccine candidate protective efficacy. Such variability poses an important challenge for GAS vaccine development, as advancement of candidates to human clinical trials requires strong evidence of efficacy. This study highlights the need for an open discussion within the field regarding standardization of animal models for GAS vaccine development.
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27
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Han RZ, Xu GC, Dong JJ, Ni Y. Arginine deiminase: recent advances in discovery, crystal structure, and protein engineering for improved properties as an anti-tumor drug. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4747-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Identifying protective Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine antigens recognized by both B and T cells in human adults and children. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22030. [PMID: 26911649 PMCID: PMC4766568 DOI: 10.1038/srep22030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
No commercial vaccine exists against Group A streptococci (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) and only little is known about anti-GAS protective immunity. In our effort to discover new protective vaccine candidates, we selected 21 antigens based on an in silico evaluation. These were all well-conserved among different GAS strains, upregulated in host-pathogen interaction studies, and predicted to be extracellular or associated with the surface of the bacteria. The antigens were tested for both antibody recognition and T cell responses in human adults and children. The antigenicity of a selected group of antigens was further validated using a high-density peptide array technology that also identified the linear epitopes. Based on immunological recognition, four targets were selected and tested for protective capabilities in an experimental GAS infection model in mice. Shown for the first time, three of these targets (spy0469, spy1228 and spy1801) conferred significant protection whereas one (spy1643) did not.
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A Safe and Stable Neonatal Vaccine Targeting GAPDH Confers Protection against Group B Streptococcus Infections in Adult Susceptible Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144196. [PMID: 26673420 PMCID: PMC4682941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a commensal organism, can turn into a life-threatening pathogen in neonates and elderly, or in adults with severe underlying diseases such as diabetes. We developed a vaccine targeting the GBS glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a glycolytic enzyme detected at the bacterial surface, which was proven to be effective in a neonatal mouse model of infection. Since this bacterium has emerged as an important pathogen in non-pregnant adults, here we investigated whether this vaccine also confers protection in an adult susceptible and in a diabetic mouse model of infection. For immunoprotection studies, sham or immunized adult mice were infected with GBS serotype Ia and V strains, the two most prevalent serotypes isolated in adults. Sham and vaccinated mice were also rendered diabetic and infected with a serotype V GBS strain. For toxicological (pre-clinical) studies, adult mice were vaccinated three times, with three concentrations of recombinant GAPDH adjuvanted with Allydrogel, and the toxicity parameters were evaluated twenty-four hours after the last immunization. For the stability tests, the vaccine formulations were maintained at 4°C for 6 and 12 months prior immunization. The results showed that all tested doses of the vaccine, including the stability study formulations, were immunogenic and that the vaccine was innocuous. The organs (brain, blood, heart, and liver) of vaccinated susceptible or diabetic adult mice were significantly less colonized compared to those of control mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the GAPDH-based vaccine is safe and stable and protects susceptible and diabetic adult mice against GBS infections. It is therefore a promising candidate as a global vaccine to prevent GBS-induced neonatal and adult diseases.
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Good MF, Pandey M, Batzloff MR, Tyrrell GJ. Strategic development of the conserved region of the M protein and other candidates as vaccines to prevent infection with group A streptococci. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1459-70. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1081817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Humbert MV, Almonacid Mendoza HL, Jackson AC, Hung MC, Bielecka MK, Heckels JE, Christodoulides M. Vaccine potential of bacterial macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP)-like peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) proteins. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1633-49. [PMID: 26468663 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1095638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a superfamily of proteins ubiquitously distributed among living organisms, which function primarily to assist the folding and structuring of unfolded and partially folded polypeptide chains and proteins. In this review, we focus specifically on the Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator (MIP)-like PPIases, which are members of the immunophilin family of FK506-binding proteins (FKBP). MIP-like PPIases have accessory roles in virulence and are candidates for inclusion in vaccines protective against both animal and human bacterial pathogens. A structural vaccinology approach obviates any issues over molecular mimicry and potential cross-reactivity with human FKBP proteins and studies with a representative antigen, the Neisseria meningitidis-MIP, support this strategy. Moreover, a dual approach of vaccination and drug targeting could be considered for controlling bacterial infectious diseases of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Humbert
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Hannia L Almonacid Mendoza
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Alexandra C Jackson
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Miao-Chiu Hung
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Magdalena K Bielecka
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - John E Heckels
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- a Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine , Southampton , UK
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Generic determinants of Streptococcus colonization and infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 33:361-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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In vivo expression of Streptococcus pyogenes immunogenic proteins during tibial foreign body infection. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3891-9. [PMID: 25001603 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01831-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen that causes a number of diseases with a wide range of severities. While all known strains of GAS are still sensitive to penicillin, there have been reports of antibiotic treatment failure in as many as 20% to 40% of cases. Biofilm formation has been implicated as a possible cause for these failures. A biofilm is a microbially derived, sessile community where cells grow attached to a surface or as a bacterial conglomerate and surrounded by a complex extracellular matrix. While the ability of group A streptococcus to form biofilms in the laboratory has been shown, there is a lack of understanding of the role of GAS biofilms during an infection. We hypothesized that during infections, GAS exhibits a biofilm phenotype, complete with unique protein expression. To test this hypothesis, a rabbit model of GAS osteomyelitis was developed. A rabbit was inoculated with GAS using an infected indwelling device. Following the infection, blood and tissue samples were collected. Histological samples of the infected tibia were prepared, and the formation of a biofilm in vivo was visualized using peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) and confocal microscopy. In addition, Western blotting with convalescent rabbit serum detected cell wall proteins expressed in vitro under biofilm and planktonic growth conditions. Immunogenic proteins were then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). These identities, along with the in vivo results, support the hypothesis that GAS forms biofilms during an infection. This unique phenotype should be taken into consideration when designing a vaccine or any other treatment for group A streptococcus infections.
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Solis N, Parker BL, Kwong SM, Robinson G, Firth N, Cordwell SJ. Staphylococcus aureus surface proteins involved in adaptation to oxacillin identified using a novel cell shaving approach. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2954-72. [PMID: 24708102 DOI: 10.1021/pr500107p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for a variety of infections, and some strains are resistant to virtually all classes of antibiotics. Cell shaving proteomics using a novel probability scoring algorithm to compare the surfaceomes of the methicillin-resistant, laboratory-adapted S. aureus COL strain with a COL strain in vitro adapted to high levels of oxacillin (APT). APT displayed altered cell morphology compared with COL and increased aggregation in biofilm assays. Increased resistance to β-lactam antibiotics was observed, but adaptation to oxacillin did not confer multidrug resistance. Analysis of the S. aureus COL and APT surfaceomes identified 150 proteins at a threshold determined by the scoring algorithm. Proteins unique to APT included the LytR-CpsA-Psr (LCP) domain-containing MsrR and SACOL2302. Quantitative RT-PCR showed increased expression of sacol2302 in APT grown with oxacillin (>6-fold compared with COL). Overexpression of sacol2302 in COL to levels consistent with APT (+ oxacillin) did not influence biofilm formation or β-lactam resistance. Proteomics using iTRAQ and LC-MS/MS identified 1323 proteins (∼50% of the theoretical S. aureus proteome), and cluster analysis demonstrated elevated APT abundances of LCP proteins, capsule and peptidoglycan biosynthesis proteins, and proteins involved in wall remodelling. Adaptation to oxacillin also induced urease proteins, which maintained culture pH compared to COL. These results show that S. aureus modifies surface architecture in response to antibiotic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Solis
- School of Molecular Bioscience, ‡Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, and §School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney , New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Olaya-Abril A, Prados-Rosales R, McConnell MJ, Martín-Peña R, González-Reyes JA, Jiménez-Munguía I, Gómez-Gascón L, Fernández J, Luque-García JL, García-Lidón C, Estévez H, Pachón J, Obando I, Casadevall A, Pirofski LA, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Characterization of protective extracellular membrane-derived vesicles produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Proteomics 2014; 106:46-60. [PMID: 24769240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Extracellular vesicles are produced by many pathogenic microorganisms and have varied functions that include secretion and release of microbial factors, which contribute to virulence. Very little is known about vesicle production by Gram-positive bacteria, as well as their biogenesis and release mechanisms. In this work, we demonstrate the active production of vesicles by Streptococcus pneumoniae from the plasma membrane, rather than being a product from cell lysis. We biochemically characterized them by proteomics and fatty acid analysis, showing that these vesicles and the plasma membrane resemble in essential aspects, but have some differences: vesicles are more enriched in lipoproteins and short-chain fatty acids. We also demonstrate that these vesicles act as carriers of surface proteins and virulence factors. They are also highly immunoreactive against human sera and induce immune responses that protect against infection. Overall, this work provides insights into the biology of this important Gram-positive human pathogen and the role of extracellular vesicles in clinical applications. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Pneumococcus is one of the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia worldwide in children and the elderly, being responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The augment of pneumococcal disease in developed countries has raised major public health concern, since the difficulties to treat these infections due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Vaccination is still the best way to combat pneumococcal infections. One of the mechanisms that bacterial pathogens use to combat the defense responses of invaded hosts is the production and release of extracellular vesicles derived from the outer surface. Little is known about this phenomenon in Gram-positives. We show that pneumococcus produces membrane-derived vesicles particularly enriched in lipoproteins. We also show the utility of pneumococcal vesicles as a new type of vaccine, as they induce protection in immunized mice against infection with a virulent strain. This work will contribute to understand the role of these structures in important biological processes such as host-pathogen interactions and prevention of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Reyes Martín-Peña
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio González-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José L Luque-García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Lidón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Estévez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obando
- Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas e Inmunopatología, Hospital Universitario Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014. [PMID: 24696436 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00101-13)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), causes mild human infections such as pharyngitis and impetigo and serious infections such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Furthermore, repeated GAS infections may trigger autoimmune diseases, including acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease. Combined, these diseases account for over half a million deaths per year globally. Genomic and molecular analyses have now characterized a large number of GAS virulence determinants, many of which exhibit overlap and redundancy in the processes of adhesion and colonization, innate immune resistance, and the capacity to facilitate tissue barrier degradation and spread within the human host. This improved understanding of the contribution of individual virulence determinants to the disease process has led to the formulation of models of GAS disease progression, which may lead to better treatment and intervention strategies. While GAS remains sensitive to all penicillins and cephalosporins, rising resistance to other antibiotics used in disease treatment is an increasing worldwide concern. Several GAS vaccine formulations that elicit protective immunity in animal models have shown promise in nonhuman primate and early-stage human trials. The development of a safe and efficacious commercial human vaccine for the prophylaxis of GAS disease remains a high priority.
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Walker MJ, Barnett TC, McArthur JD, Cole JN, Gillen CM, Henningham A, Sriprakash KS, Sanderson-Smith ML, Nizet V. Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27:264-301. [PMID: 24696436 PMCID: PMC3993104 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00101-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), causes mild human infections such as pharyngitis and impetigo and serious infections such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Furthermore, repeated GAS infections may trigger autoimmune diseases, including acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease. Combined, these diseases account for over half a million deaths per year globally. Genomic and molecular analyses have now characterized a large number of GAS virulence determinants, many of which exhibit overlap and redundancy in the processes of adhesion and colonization, innate immune resistance, and the capacity to facilitate tissue barrier degradation and spread within the human host. This improved understanding of the contribution of individual virulence determinants to the disease process has led to the formulation of models of GAS disease progression, which may lead to better treatment and intervention strategies. While GAS remains sensitive to all penicillins and cephalosporins, rising resistance to other antibiotics used in disease treatment is an increasing worldwide concern. Several GAS vaccine formulations that elicit protective immunity in animal models have shown promise in nonhuman primate and early-stage human trials. The development of a safe and efficacious commercial human vaccine for the prophylaxis of GAS disease remains a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy C. Barnett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason D. McArthur
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason N. Cole
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christine M. Gillen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Henningham
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - K. S. Sriprakash
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina L. Sanderson-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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Chuan YP, Wibowo N, Connors NK, Wu Y, Hughes FK, Batzloff MR, Lua LH, Middelberg AP. Microbially synthesized modular virus-like particles and capsomeres displaying group A streptococcus hypervariable antigenic determinants. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:1062-70. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yap P. Chuan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; Centre for Biomolecular Engineering; University of Queensland; St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Nani Wibowo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; Centre for Biomolecular Engineering; University of Queensland; St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Natalie K. Connors
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; Centre for Biomolecular Engineering; University of Queensland; St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Yang Wu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; Centre for Biomolecular Engineering; University of Queensland; St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Fiona K. Hughes
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; Centre for Biomolecular Engineering; University of Queensland; St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Michael R. Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD Australia
| | - Linda H.L. Lua
- Protein Expression Facility; University of Queensland; St. Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Anton P.J. Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; Centre for Biomolecular Engineering; University of Queensland; St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
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Streptococcus pyogenes arginine and citrulline catabolism promotes infection and modulates innate immunity. Infect Immun 2013; 82:233-42. [PMID: 24144727 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00916-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A bacterium's ability to acquire nutrients from its host during infection is an essential component of pathogenesis. For the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, catabolism of the amino acid arginine via the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway supplements energy production and provides protection against acid stress in vitro. Its expression is enhanced in murine models of infection, suggesting an important role in vivo. To gain insight into the function of the ADI pathway in pathogenesis, the virulence of mutants defective in each of its enzymes was examined. Mutants unable to use arginine (ΔArcA) or citrulline (ΔArcB) were attenuated for carriage in a murine model of asymptomatic mucosal colonization. However, in a murine model of inflammatory infection of cutaneous tissue, the ΔArcA mutant was attenuated but the ΔArcB mutant was hyperattenuated, revealing an unexpected tissue-specific role for citrulline metabolism in pathogenesis. When mice defective for the arginine-dependent production of nitric oxide (iNOS(-/-)) were infected with the ΔArcA mutant, cutaneous virulence was rescued, demonstrating that the ability of S. pyogenes to utilize arginine was dispensable in the absence of nitric oxide-mediated innate immunity. This work demonstrates the importance of arginine and citrulline catabolism and suggests a novel mechanism of virulence by which S. pyogenes uses its metabolism to modulate innate immunity through depletion of an essential host nutrient.
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Auzanneau FI, Borrelli S, Pinto BM. Synthesis and immunological activity of an oligosaccharide-conjugate as a vaccine candidate against Group A Streptococcus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6038-42. [PMID: 24103300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and immunogenicity of a tetanus toxoid (TT)-conjugate of the hexasaccharide portion of the cell-wall polysaccharide (CWPS) of the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is described. The synthesis relies on the reaction of an allyl glycoside of the hexasaccharide with cysteamine, followed by the reaction of the resultant amine with diethyl squarate to give the monoethyl squarate adduct. Subsequent reaction with the lysine ε-amino groups on TT gives the glycoconjugate containing 30 hexasaccharide haptens per TT molecule. The immunogenicity in mice is similar to that obtained with a native CWPS-TT conjugate, validating the glycoconjugate as a vaccine candidate against GAS infections.
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Structure-informed design of an enzymatically inactive vaccine component for group A Streptococcus. mBio 2013; 4:mBio.00509-13. [PMID: 23919999 PMCID: PMC3735194 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00509-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]) causes ~700 million human infections/year, resulting in >500,000 deaths. There is no commercial GAS vaccine available. The GAS surface protein arginine deiminase (ADI) protects mice against a lethal challenge. ADI is an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline and ammonia. Administration of a GAS vaccine preparation containing wild-type ADI, a protein with inherent enzymatic activity, may present a safety risk. In an approach intended to maximize the vaccine safety of GAS ADI, X-ray crystallography and structural immunogenic epitope mapping were used to inform vaccine design. This study aimed to knock out ADI enzyme activity without disrupting the three-dimensional structure or the recognition of immunogenic epitopes. We determined the crystal structure of ADI at 2.5 Å resolution and used it to select a number of amino acid residues for mutagenesis to alanine (D166, E220, H275, D277, and C401). Each mutant protein displayed abrogated activity, and three of the mutant proteins (those with the D166A, H275A, and D277A mutations) possessed a secondary structure and oligomerization state equivalent to those of the wild type, produced high-titer antisera, and avoided disruption of B-cell epitopes of ADI. In addition, antisera raised against the D166A and D277A mutant proteins bound to the GAS cell surface. The inactivated D166A and D277A mutant ADIs are ideal for inclusion in a GAS vaccine preparation. There is no human ortholog of ADI, and we confirm that despite limited structural similarity in the active-site region to human peptidyl ADI 4 (PAD4), ADI does not functionally mimic PAD4 and antiserum raised against GAS ADI does not recognize human PAD4. We present an example of structural biology informing human vaccine design. We previously showed that the administration of the enzyme arginine deiminase (ADI) to mice protected the mice against infection with multiple GAS serotypes. In this study, we determined the structure of GAS ADI and used this information to improve the vaccine safety of GAS ADI. Catalytically inactive mutant forms of ADI retained structure, recognition by antisera, and immunogenic epitopes, rendering them ideal for inclusion in GAS vaccine preparations. This example of structural biology informing vaccine design may underpin the formulation of a safe and efficacious GAS vaccine.
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Gu G, Adabala PJP, Szczepina MG, Borrelli S, Pinto BM. Synthesis and Immunological Characterization of Modified Hyaluronic Acid Hexasaccharide Conjugates. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8004-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4012442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research
Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100,
PR China
| | - Pal John Pal Adabala
- Department of
Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia
V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Monica G. Szczepina
- Department of
Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia
V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Silvia Borrelli
- Department of
Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia
V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - B. Mario Pinto
- Department of
Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia
V5A 1S6, Canada
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43
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Good MF, Batzloff MR, Pandey M. Strategies in the development of vaccines to prevent infections with group A streptococcus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2393-7. [PMID: 23863455 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has long been interest and demand for the development of a vaccine to prevent infections caused by the Gram-positive organism group A streptococcus. Despite numerous efforts utilizing advanced approaches such as genomics, proteomics and bio-informatics, there is currently no vaccine. Here we review various strategies employed to achieve this goal. We also discuss the approach that we have pursued, a non-host reactive, conformationally constrained minimal B cell epitope from within the C-repeat region of M-protein, and the potential limitations in moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics; Griffith University, Gold Coast campus; QLD Australia
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Olaya-Abril A, Jiménez-Munguía I, Gómez-Gascón L, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Surfomics: shaving live organisms for a fast proteomic identification of surface proteins. J Proteomics 2013; 97:164-76. [PMID: 23624344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface proteins play a critical role in the interaction between cells and their environment, as they take part in processes like signaling, adhesion, transport, etc. In pathogenic microorganisms, they can also participate in virulence or cytotoxicity. As these proteins have the highest chances to be recognized by the immune system, they are often the targets for the discovery of new vaccines. In addition, they can serve for the development of serological-based tools to diagnose infectious diseases. First-generation proteomic strategies for the identification of surface proteins rely on the biochemical fractionation and/or enrichment of this group of molecules or organelles containing them. However, in the last years, a novel second-generation approach has been developed, consisting of the digestion of live, intact cells with proteases, so that surface-exposed moieties (i.e. the "surfome" of a cell) are "shaved" and analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Here we review such a strategy, firstly set up and developed in Gram-positive bacteria, and further applied to Gram-negative bacteria, unicellular fungi, and also pluricellular organisms. We also discuss the advantages and inconvenients of the approach, and the still unresolved question about the intriguing presence of proteins predicted as cytoplasmic in the surfomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
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45
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Moyle PM, Hartas J, Henningham A, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Toth I. An efficient, chemically-defined semisynthetic lipid-adjuvanted nanoparticulate vaccine development system. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:935-44. [PMID: 23428988 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A novel vaccine development platform that enables the site-specific conjugation of synthetic lipid adjuvants to recombinant proteins was produced. This technology facilitates the simple and efficient production of homogeneous, chemically-defined, semisynthetic lipoprotein vaccines. Using a polytope 'string-of-beads' approach, a synthetic gene incorporating seven Streptococcus pyogenes M protein strain-specific antigens, and a conserved M protein antigen (J14) was produced, expressed, and attached to a lipoamino acid based adjuvant (lipid core peptide; LCP). Nanoparticles (40 nm diameter) of an optimal size for stimulating antibody-mediated immunity were formed upon the addition of these lipoproteins to aqueous buffer (PBS). Systemic antigen-specific IgG antibodies were raised against all eight antigens in C57BL/6J mice, without the need to formulate with additional adjuvant. These antibodies bound cell surface M proteins of S. pyogenes strains represented within the polytope sequence, with higher antibody levels observed where a dendritic cell targeting peptide (DCpep) was incorporated within the LCP adjuvant. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, a novel vaccine development system is presented, combining adjuvants with recombinant protein antigens, and presenting the antigen in a nanoparticle system optimized for antibody production. They demonstrate efficient vaccination in a murine model system without the need for additional adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Moyle
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia.
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Hitzmann A, Bergmann S, Rohde M, Chhatwal GS, Fulde M. Identification and characterization of the arginine deiminase system of Streptococcus canis. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:270-7. [PMID: 22939986 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although Streptococcus (S.) canis is known to cause severe infections in dogs and cats and harbors a clear zoonotic potential, knowledge about physiology and pathogenesis is mostly elusive. The arginine deiminase system (ADS) has been described in certain streptococcal species and its role in the establishment of infection has been suggested. In this study we focused on the identification and characterization of the ADS in S. canis. Using genome sequencing and subsequent in silico analysis we identified the ADS of S. canis as a gene cluster composed of seven genes. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the ADS of S. canis is transcribed in four transcriptional units, comprising three monocistronical mRNAs and one operon structure. As a secondary metabolic pathway, the ADS of S. canis is strictly regulated by carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and arginine as demonstrated on transcriptional, translational, and enzymatical level, respectively. Furthermore, growth kinetics with a chemically defined medium clearly showed that arginine, the substrate of the ADS, is essential for the biological fitness of S. canis. Using Immuno-electron microscopy analysis, we observed a surface-exposed localization of the ADS enzymes arginine deiminase (ArcA), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ArcB), and carbamate kinase (ArcC), respectively, which might suggest the contribution of the ADS to the development of streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hitzmann
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Rohde M, Chhatwal GS. Adherence and invasion of streptococci to eukaryotic cells and their role in disease pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23203001 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcal adhesion, invasion, intracellular trafficking, dissemination, and persistence in eukaryotic cells have a variety of implications in the infection pathogenesis. While cell adhesion establishes the initial host contact, adhering bacteria exploit the host cell for their own benefit. Internalization into the host cell is an essential step for bacterial survival and subsequent dissemination and persistence, thus playing a key role in the course of infection. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the diverse mechanisms of streptococcal adhesion to and invasion into different eukaryotic cells and the impact on dissemination and persistence which is reflected by consequences for the pathogenesis of streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Rohde
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Henningham A, Gillen CM, Walker MJ. Group a streptococcal vaccine candidates: potential for the development of a human vaccine. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 368:207-42. [PMID: 23250780 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is no commercial Group A Streptococcus (GAS; S. pyogenes) vaccine available. The development of safe GAS vaccines is challenging, researchers are confronted with obstacles such as the occurrence of many unique serotypes (there are greater than 150 M types), antigenic variation within the same serotype, large variations in the geographical distribution of serotypes, and the production of antibodies cross-reactive with human tissue which can lead to host auto-immune disease. Cell wall anchored, cell membrane associated, secreted and anchorless proteins have all been targeted as GAS vaccine candidates. As GAS is an exclusively human pathogen, the quest for an efficacious vaccine is further complicated by the lack of an animal model which mimics human disease and can be consistently and reproducibly colonized by multiple GAS strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henningham
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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