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Wang K, Hu X, Xie XL, Huang M, Wang D, Yu FL. Phytocosmetic potential of Blumea balsamifera oil in mitigating UV-induced photoaging: Evidence from cellular and mouse models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118535. [PMID: 38972529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. (BB), the source of Blumea balsamifera oil (BBO), is an aromatic medicinal plant, renowned for its pharmacological properties and its traditional use in Southeast Asian countries such as China, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Philippines for centuries. Traditionally, BB has been used as a raw herbal medicine for treating various skin conditions like eczema, dermatitis, athlete's foot, and wound healing for skin injuries. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of BBO on skin aging using two models: in vitro analysis with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) under UVB-induced stress, and in vivo studies on UVA-induced dorsal skin aging in mice. The study sought to uncover the mechanisms behind BBO's anti-aging effects, specifically, its impact on cellular and tissue responses to UV-induced skin aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied doses of 10-20 μL/mL of BBO to HDF cells that had been exposed to UVB radiation to simulate skin aging. We measured cell viability, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), SA-β-gal, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition, we investigated the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in mediating the anti-aging effects of BBO. Histopathological and biochemical analyses were conducted in a mouse model to examine the effects of BBO on UV-induced photoaging. RESULTS UV exposure accelerated aging, and caused cellular damage and inflammatory responses through ROS-mediated pathways. In HDF cells, BBO treatment countered the UVB-induced senescence, and the recovery of cell viability was correlated to notable reductions in SA-β-gal, ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MMPs. Mechanistically, the anti-aging effect of BBO was associated with the downregulation of the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathways. In the in vivo mouse model, BBO exhibited protective capabilities against UV-induced photoaging, which were manifested by the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue remodeling. CONCLUSIONS BBO effectively protects fibroblasts from UV-induced photoaging through the JNK/NF-κB pathway. Recovery from photoaging involves an increase in dermal fibroblasts, alleviation of inflammation, accelerated synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, and slowed degradation of ECM proteins. Overall, BBO enhances the skin's defensive capabilities against oxidative stress, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-related skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China/Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea Balsamifera, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Hu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China/Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea Balsamifera, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China/Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea Balsamifera, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Mei Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China/Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea Balsamifera, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China/Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea Balsamifera, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Lai Yu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine (Haikou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China/Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Blumea Balsamifera, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, P.R. China.
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Xavier AM, Lin Q, Kang CJ, Cheadle L. A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of sensory-dependent gene expression in developing mouse visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600673. [PMID: 38979325 PMCID: PMC11230371 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Sensory experience drives the refinement and maturation of neural circuits during postnatal brain development through molecular mechanisms that remain to be fully elucidated. One likely mechanism involves the sensory-dependent expression of genes that encode direct mediators of circuit remodeling within developing cells. However, while studies in adult systems have begun to uncover crucial roles for sensory-induced genes in modifying circuit connectivity, the gene programs induced by brain cells in response to sensory experience during development remain to be fully characterized. Here, we present a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing dataset describing the transcriptional responses of cells in mouse visual cortex to sensory deprivation or sensory stimulation during a developmental window when visual input is necessary for circuit refinement. We sequenced 118,529 individual nuclei across sixteen neuronal and non-neuronal cortical cell types isolated from control, sensory deprived, and sensory stimulated mice, identifying 1,268 unique sensory-induced genes within the developing brain. To demonstrate the utility of this resource, we compared the architecture and ontology of sensory-induced gene programs between cell types, annotated transcriptional induction and repression events based upon RNA velocity, and discovered Neurexin and Neuregulin signaling networks that underlie cell-cell interactions via CellChat . We find that excitatory neurons, especially layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, are highly sensitive to sensory stimulation, and that the sensory-induced genes in these cells are poised to strengthen synapse-to-nucleus crosstalk by heightening protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Altogether, we expect this dataset to significantly broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which sensory experience shapes neural circuit wiring in the developing brain.
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Alhamdan F, Bayarsaikhan G, Yuki K. Toll-like receptors and integrins crosstalk. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403764. [PMID: 38915411 PMCID: PMC11194410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system recognizes invading microbes at both pathogen and antigen levels. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Major functions of TLRs include cytokine and chemokine production. TLRs share common downstream signaling pathways with other receptors. The crosstalk revolving around TLRs is rather significant and complex, underscoring the intricate nature of immune system. The profiles of produced cytokines and chemokines via TLRs can be affected by other receptors. Integrins are critical heterodimeric adhesion molecules expressed on many different cells. There are studies describing synergetic or inhibitory interplay between TLRs and integrins. Thus, we reviewed the crosstalk between TLRs and integrins. Understanding the nature of the crosstalk could allow us to modulate TLR functions via integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Alhamdan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Fowler A, Knaus KR, Khuu S, Khalilimeybodi A, Schenk S, Ward SR, Fry AC, Rangamani P, McCulloch AD. Network model of skeletal muscle cell signalling predicts differential responses to endurance and resistance exercise training. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:939-955. [PMID: 38643471 PMCID: PMC11140181 DOI: 10.1113/ep091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle adaptations vary based on exercise modality and intensity. We constructed a signalling network model from 87 published studies of human or rodent skeletal muscle cell responses to endurance or resistance exercise in vivo or simulated exercise in vitro. The network comprises 259 signalling interactions between 120 nodes, representing eight membrane receptors and eight canonical signalling pathways regulating 14 transcriptional regulators, 28 target genes and 12 exercise-induced phenotypes. Using this network, we formulated a logic-based ordinary differential equation model predicting time-dependent molecular and phenotypic alterations following acute endurance and resistance exercises. Compared with nine independent studies, the model accurately predicted 18/21 (85%) acute responses to resistance exercise and 12/16 (75%) acute responses to endurance exercise. Detailed sensitivity analysis of differential phenotypic responses to resistance and endurance training showed that, in the model, exercise regulates cell growth and protein synthesis primarily by signalling via mechanistic target of rapamycin, which is activated by Akt and inhibited in endurance exercise by AMP-activated protein kinase. Endurance exercise preferentially activates inflammation via reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor κB signalling. Furthermore, the expected preferential activation of mitochondrial biogenesis by endurance exercise was counterbalanced in the model by protein kinase C in response to resistance training. This model provides a new tool for investigating cross-talk between skeletal muscle signalling pathways activated by endurance and resistance exercise, and the mechanisms of interactions such as the interference effects of endurance training on resistance exercise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Fowler
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California SanDiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katherine R. Knaus
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California SanDiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephanie Khuu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California SanDiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Samuel R. Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrew C. Fry
- Department of Health, Sport and Exercise SciencesUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrew D. McCulloch
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California SanDiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Miranda AX, Kemp J, Davidson BA, Bellomo SE, Miranda VE, Manoni A, Marchiò C, Croessmann S, Park BH, Hodges E. Genomic dissection and mutation-specific target discovery for breast cancer PIK3CA hotspot mutations. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:519. [PMID: 38802751 PMCID: PMC11129441 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advancements in high-throughput genomics and targeted therapies have provided tremendous potential to identify and therapeutically target distinct mutations associated with cancers. However, to date the majority of targeted therapies are used to treat all functional mutations within the same gene, regardless of affected codon or phenotype. RESULTS In this study, we developed a functional genomic analysis workflow with a unique isogenic cell line panel bearing two distinct hotspot PIK3CA mutations, E545K and H1047R, to accurately identify targetable differences between mutations within the same gene. We performed RNA-seq and ATAC-seq and identified distinct transcriptomic and epigenomic differences associated with each PIK3CA hotspot mutation. We used this data to curate a select CRISPR knock out screen to identify mutation-specific gene pathway vulnerabilities. These data revealed AREG as a E545K-preferential target that was further validated through in vitro analysis and publicly available patient databases. CONCLUSIONS Using our multi-modal genomics framework, we discover distinct differences in genomic regulation between PIK3CA hotspot mutations, suggesting the PIK3CA mutations have different regulatory effects on the function and downstream signaling of the PI3K complex. Our results demonstrate the potential to rapidly uncover mutation specific molecular targets, specifically AREG and a proximal gene regulatory region, that may provide clinically relevant therapeutic targets. The methods outlined provide investigators with an integrative strategy to identify mutation-specific targets for the treatment of other oncogenic mutations in an isogenic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam X Miranda
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Kemp
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brad A Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Verda E Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra Manoni
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ben H Park
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Emily Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Chu X, Yin Y, Chen S, Chen F, Liu H, Zhao S. Suppressive Role of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in a Rat Model of Corneal Allograft Rejection. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00736. [PMID: 38644534 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological rejection is the most common reason for corneal transplantation failure. The importance of T cells in corneal allograft rejection is well demonstrated. Recent studies highlight that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays an immunoregulatory role in ocular diseases by enhancing the suppressive phenotype of regulatory T cells besides its other functions in neurotrophy and antiangiogenesis. METHODS The effects of PEDF on immune rejection were examined in rat models of corneal transplantation using slit-lamp microscope observation, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blot. In vitro, we demonstrated PEDF reduced alloreactive T-cell activation using real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and Western blot. RESULTS Topical administration of PEDF provided corneal transplantation rats with an improved graft survival rate of corneal allografts, reduced hemangiogenesis, and infiltration of immune cells in corneas, in particular, type 17 T helper cells while increased regulatory T cells. Moreover, nerve reinnervation within grafts was promoted in PEDF-treated recipient rats. In vitro, PEDF inhibited alloreactive T-cell activation via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun signaling pathway and upregulated the expressions of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, emphasizing the suppressive role of PEDF on immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results underscore the feasibility of PEDF in alleviating corneal allograft rejection and further illustrate its potential in managing immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Chu
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wang K, Lai W, Min T, Wei J, Bai Y, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. The Effect of Enteric-Derived Lipopolysaccharides on Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4305. [PMID: 38673890 PMCID: PMC11050189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin is a general term for toxic substances in Gram-negative bacteria, whose damaging effects are mainly derived from the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria, and is a strong pyrogen. Obesity is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory condition, and LPS are thought to trigger and exacerbate it. The gut flora is the largest source of LPS in the body, and it is increasingly believed that altered intestinal microorganisms can play an essential role in the pathology of different diseases. Today, the complex axis linking gut flora to inflammatory states and adiposity has not been well elucidated. This review summarises the evidence for an interconnection between LPS, obesity, and gut flora, further expanding our understanding of LPS as a mediator of low-grade inflammatory disease and contributing to lessening the effects of obesity and related metabolic disorders. As well as providing targets associated with LPS, obesity, and gut flora, it is hoped that interventions that combine targets with gut flora address the individual differences in gut flora treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiwen Lai
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianqi Min
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China;
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China;
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Kobayashi K, Baba K, Kambayashi S, Okuda M. Blockade of isoprenoids biosynthesis by simvastatin induces autophagy-mediated cell death via downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and cell cycle dysregulation in canine T-cell lymphoma cells. Res Vet Sci 2024; 169:105174. [PMID: 38340381 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Statins are inhibitors of the mevalonic acid pathway that mediates cellular metabolism by producing cholesterol and isoprenoids and are widely used in treating hypercholesterolaemia in humans. Lipophilic statins, including simvastatin, induce death in various tumour cells. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms of statins in tumour cells remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanisms of simvastatin in canine lymphoma cells. Simvastatin induced cell death via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and autophagy in canine T-cell lymphoma cell lines Ema and UL-1, but not in B-cell lines. Cell death was mediated by induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis in UL-1 cells, but not in Ema cells. Blockade of autophagy by lysosomal inhibitors attenuated simvastatin-induced JNK activation and cell death. Isoprenoids, including farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, attenuated simvastatin-induced autophagy, JNK activation, and cell death. In UL-1 cells, simvastatin treatment resulted in the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was altered to G0/1 phase cell cycle arrest by treatment with lysosomal inhibitors. These findings demonstrate that depletion of isoprenoids by simvastatin induces autophagy-mediated cell death via downstream JNK activation and cell cycle dysregulation in canine T-cell lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Baba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kambayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Masaru Okuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
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Choi W, Cho JH, Park SH, Kim DS, Lee HP, Kim D, Kim HS, Kim JH, Cho JY. Ginseng root-derived exosome-like nanoparticles protect skin from UV irradiation and oxidative stress by suppressing activator protein-1 signaling and limiting the generation of reactive oxygen species. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:211-219. [PMID: 38465216 PMCID: PMC10920011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) have been isolated, and active research was focusing on understanding their properties and functions. In this study, the characteristics and molecular properties of ginseng root-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GrDENs) were examined in terms of skin protection. Methods HPLC-MS protocols were used to analyze the ginsenoside contents in GrDENs. To investigate the beneficial effect of GrDENs on skin, HaCaT cells were pre-treated with GrDENs (0-2 × 109 particles/mL), and followed by UVB irradiation or H2O2 exposure. In addition, the antioxidant activity of GrDENs was measured using a fluorescence microscope or flow cytometry. Finally, molecular mechanisms were examined with immunoblotting analysis. Results GrDENs contained detectable levels of ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rf, Rg2 (S), Gyp17, Rd, C-Mc1, C-O, and F2). In UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, GrDENs protected cells from death and reduced ROS production. GrDENs downregulated the mRNA expression of proapoptotic genes, including BAX, caspase-1, -3, -6, -7, and -8 and the ratio of cleaved caspase-8, -9, and -3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GrDENs reduced the mRNA levels of aging-related genes (MMP2 and 3), proinflammatory genes (COX-2 and IL-6), and cellular senescence biomarker p21, possibly by suppressing activator protein-1 signaling. Conclusions This study demonstrates the protective effects of GrDENs against skin damage caused by UV and oxidative stress, providing new insights into beneficial uses of ginseng. In particular, our results suggest GrDENs as a potential active ingredient in cosmeceuticals to promote skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooram Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Cho
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seon Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Pyoung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Guo S, Mohan GS, Wang B, Li T, Daver N, Zhao Y, Reville PK, Hao D, Abbas HA. Paired single-B-cell transcriptomics and receptor sequencing reveal activation states and clonal signatures that characterize B cells in acute myeloid leukemia. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008318. [PMID: 38418394 PMCID: PMC10910691 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a dismal prognosis. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to induce antitumor activity in AML patients has yielded mixed results. Despite the pivotal role of B cells in antitumor immunity, a comprehensive assessment of B lymphocytes within AML's immunological microenvironment along with their interaction with ICB remains rather constrained. METHODS We performed an extensive analysis that involved paired single-cell RNA and B-cell receptor (BCR) sequencing on 52 bone marrow aspirate samples. These samples included 6 from healthy bone marrow donors (normal), 24 from newly diagnosed AML patients (NewlyDx), and 22 from 8 relapsed or refractory AML patients (RelRef), who underwent assessment both before and after azacitidine/nivolumab treatment. RESULTS We delineated nine distinct subtypes of B cell lineage in the bone marrow. AML patients exhibited reduced nascent B cell subgroups but increased differentiated B cells compared with healthy controls. The limited diversity of BCR profiles and extensive somatic hypermutation indicated antigen-driven affinity maturation within the tumor microenvironment of RelRef patients. We established a strong connection between the activation or stress status of naïve and memory B cells, as indicated by AP-1 activity, and their differentiation state. Remarkably, atypical memory B cells functioned as specialized antigen-presenting cells closely interacting with AML malignant cells, correlating with AML stemness and worse clinical outcomes. In the AML microenvironment, plasma cells demonstrated advanced differentiation and heightened activity. Notably, the clinical response to ICB was associated with B cell clonal expansion and plasma cell function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish a comprehensive framework for profiling the phenotypic diversity of the B cell lineage in AML patients, while also assessing the implications of immunotherapy. This will serve as a valuable guide for future inquiries into AML treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gopi S Mohan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bofei Wang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tianhao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuting Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Patrick K Reville
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dapeng Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Hasselluhn MC, Schlösser D, Versemann L, Schmidt GE, Ulisse M, Oschwald J, Zhang Z, Hamdan F, Xiao H, Kopp W, Spitalieri J, Kellner C, Schneider C, Reutlinger K, Nagarajan S, Steuber B, Sastra SA, Palermo CF, Appelhans J, Bohnenberger H, Todorovic J, Kostyuchek I, Ströbel P, Bockelmann A, König A, Ammer-Herrmenau C, Schmidleitner L, Kaulfuß S, Wollnik B, Hahn SA, Neesse A, Singh SK, Bastians H, Reichert M, Sax U, Olive KP, Johnsen SA, Schneider G, Ellenrieder V, Hessmann E. An NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN Complex Restricted to SMAD4-Deficient Pancreatic Cancer Guides Rational Therapies. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:298-312.e14. [PMID: 37913894 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The highly heterogeneous cellular and molecular makeup of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) not only fosters exceptionally aggressive tumor biology, but contradicts the current concept of one-size-fits-all therapeutic strategies to combat PDAC. Therefore, we aimed to exploit the tumor biological implication and therapeutic vulnerabilities of a clinically relevant molecular PDAC subgroup characterized by SMAD4 deficiency and high expression of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (SMAD4-/-/NFATc1High). METHODS Transcriptomic and clinical data were analyzed to determine the prognostic relevance of SMAD4-/-/NFATc1High cancers. In vitro and in vivo oncogenic transcription factor complex formation was studied by immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assays, and validated cross model and species. The impact of SMAD4 status on therapeutically targeting canonical KRAS signaling was mechanistically deciphered and corroborated by genome-wide gene expression analysis and genetic perturbation experiments, respectively. Validation of a novel tailored therapeutic option was conducted in patient-derived organoids and cells and transgenic as well as orthotopic PDAC models. RESULTS Our findings determined the tumor biology of an aggressive and chemotherapy-resistant SMAD4-/-/NFATc1High subgroup. Mechanistically, we identify SMAD4 deficiency as a molecular prerequisite for the formation of an oncogenic NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN transcription factor complex, which drives the expression of RRM1/2. RRM1/2 replenishes nucleoside pools that directly compete with metabolized gemcitabine for DNA strand incorporation. Disassembly of the NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN complex by mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling inhibition normalizes RRM1/2 expression and synergizes with gemcitabine treatment in vivo to reduce the proliferative index. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PDAC characterized by SMAD4 deficiency and oncogenic NFATc1/SMAD3/cJUN complex formation exposes sensitivity to a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling inhibition and gemcitabine combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Hasselluhn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Denise Schlösser
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lennart Versemann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Geske E Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria Ulisse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joana Oschwald
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Feda Hamdan
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harry Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Waltraut Kopp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Spitalieri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christin Kellner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Reutlinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sankari Nagarajan
- Manchester Breast Centre and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Steuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephen A Sastra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Carmine F Palermo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Appelhans
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jovan Todorovic
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Irina Kostyuchek
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Aiko Bockelmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alexander König
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Schmidleitner
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Translational Pancreatic Research Cancer Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells, University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Translational Pancreatic Research Cancer Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (a partnership between Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar), Munich, Germany; Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Center for Organoid Systems and Tissue Engineering, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sax
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lower Saxony, Goettingen and Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lower Saxony, Goettingen and Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lower Saxony, Goettingen and Hannover, Germany.
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12
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Miranda AX, Kemp J, Davidson B, Bellomo SE, Agan V, Manoni A, Marchiò C, Croessmann S, Park BH, Hodges E. Genomic dissection and mutation-specific target discovery for breast cancer PIK3CA hotspot mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574067. [PMID: 38260414 PMCID: PMC10802285 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Recent advancements in high-throughput genomics and targeted therapies have provided tremendous potential to identify and therapeutically target distinct mutations associated with cancers. However, to date the majority of targeted therapies are used to treat all functional mutations within the same gene, regardless of affected codon or phenotype. Results In this study, we developed a functional genomic analysis workflow with a unique isogenic cell line panel bearing two distinct hotspot PIK3CA mutations, E545K and H1047R, to accurately identify targetable differences between mutations within the same gene. We performed RNA-seq and ATAC-seq and identified distinct transcriptomic and epigenomic differences associated with each PIK3CA hotspot mutation. We used this data to curate a select CRISPR knock out screen to identify mutation-specific gene pathway vulnerabilities. These data revealed AREG as a E545K-preferential target that was further validated through in vitro analysis and publicly available patient databases. Conclusions Using our multi-modal genomics framework, we discover distinct differences in genomic regulation between PIK3CA hotspot mutations, suggesting the PIK3CA mutations have different regulatory effects on the function and downstream signaling of the PI3K complex. Our results demonstrate the potential to rapidly uncover mutation specific molecular targets, specifically AREG and a proximal gene regulatory region, that may provide clinically relevant therapeutic targets. The methods outlined provide investigators with an integrative strategy to identify mutation-specific targets for the treatment of other oncogenic mutations in an isogenic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam X. Miranda
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Kemp
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brad Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Verda Agan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra Manoni
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ben H. Park
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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13
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Zhu Y, Di S, Li Y, Liang W, Liu J, Nuermaimaiti R, Fei W, Wang C, Wang L, Zhang J. Integrative metabolomic and network pharmacological analysis reveals potential mechanisms of Cardamine circaeoides Hook.f. & Thomson in alleviating potassium oxonate-induced asymptomatic hyperuricemia in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1281411. [PMID: 38026974 PMCID: PMC10652788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1281411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardamine circaeoides Hook.f. & Thomson (CC), a herb of the genus Cardamine (family Brassicaceae), has a rich historical usage in China for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It is distinguished by its remarkable ability to hyperaccumulate selenium (Se). CC has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of metabolic disorders. However, investigations into the effects of CC on asymptomatic hyperuricemia remain scarce. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which CC aqueous extract (CCE) exerts its anti-hyperuricemic effects on asymptomatic hyperuricemic rats induced by potassium oxonate (PO) by integrating metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was induced by feeding rats with PO (1000 mg/kg) and CCE (0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg) once daily for 30 days. Various parameters, including body weight, uric acid (UA) levels, histopathology of renal tissue, and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) were assessed. Subsequently, metabolomic analysis of kidney tissues was conducted to explore the effects of CCE on renal metabolites and the related pathways. Furthermore, network pharmacology was employed to explicate the mechanism of action of CCE components identified through UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Finally, metabolomic and network-pharmacology analyses were performed to predict crucial genes dysregulated in the disease model and rescued by CCE, which were then subjected to verification by RT-qPCR. The findings revealed that CCE significantly inhibited the UA levels from the 21st day to the 30th day. Moreover, CCE exhibited significant inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in renal tissues. The dysregulation of 18 metabolites and the tyrosine, pyrimidine, cysteine, methionine, sphingolipid, and histidine metabolism pathways was prevented by CCE treatment. A joint analysis of targets predicted using the network pharmacology approach and the differential metabolites found in metabolics predicted 8 genes as potential targets of CCE, and 3 of them (PNP gene, JUN gene, and ADA gene) were verified at the mRNA level by RT-qPCR. We conclude that CCE has anti-hyperuricemia effects and alleviates renal inflammation in a rat model of hyperuricemia, and these efficacies are associated with the reversal of increased ADA, PNP, and JUN mRNA expression in renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Songrui Di
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weican Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Reyisai Nuermaimaiti
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Fei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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14
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Nguyen HT, Martin LJ. Classical cadherins in the testis: how are they regulated? Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 35:641-660. [PMID: 37717581 DOI: 10.1071/rd23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins (CDH) are crucial intercellular adhesion molecules, contributing to morphogenesis and creating tissue barriers by regulating cells' movement, clustering and differentiation. In the testis, classical cadherins such as CDH1, CDH2 and CDH3 are critical to gonadogenesis by promoting the migration and the subsequent clustering of primordial germ cells with somatic cells. While CDH2 is present in both Sertoli and germ cells in rodents, CDH1 is primarily detected in undifferentiated spermatogonia. As for CDH3, its expression is mainly found in germ and pre-Sertoli cells in developing gonads until the establishment of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). This barrier is made of Sertoli cells forming intercellular junctional complexes. The restructuring of the BTB allows the movement of early spermatocytes toward the apical compartment as they differentiate during a process called spermatogenesis. CDH2 is among many junctional proteins participating in this process and is regulated by several pathways. While cytokines promote the disassembly of the BTB by enhancing junctional protein endocytosis for degradation, testosterone facilitates the assembly of the BTB by increasing the recycling of endocytosed junctional proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are also mediators of the BTB kinetics in many chemically induced damages in the testis. In addition to regulating Sertoli cell functions, follicle stimulating hormone can also regulate the expression of CDH2. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on regulatory mechanisms of cadherin localisation and expression in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tuyen Nguyen
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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15
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Baldenius M, Kautzmann S, Nanda S, Klämbt C. Signaling Pathways Controlling Axonal Wrapping in Drosophila. Cells 2023; 12:2553. [PMID: 37947631 PMCID: PMC10647682 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid transmission of action potentials is an important ability that enables efficient communication within the nervous system. Glial cells influence conduction velocity along axons by regulating the radial axonal diameter, providing electrical insulation as well as affecting the distribution of voltage-gated ion channels. Differentiation of these wrapping glial cells requires a complex set of neuron-glia interactions involving three basic mechanistic features. The glia must recognize the axon, grow around it, and eventually arrest its growth to form single or multiple axon wraps. This likely depends on the integration of numerous evolutionary conserved signaling and adhesion systems. Here, we summarize the mechanisms and underlying signaling pathways that control glial wrapping in Drosophila and compare those to the mechanisms that control glial differentiation in mammals. This analysis shows that Drosophila is a beneficial model to study the development of even complex structures like myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Klämbt
- Institute for Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.)
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16
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Garofalo M, Payros D, Taieb F, Oswald E, Nougayrède JP, Oswald IP. From ribosome to ribotoxins: understanding the toxicity of deoxynivalenol and Shiga toxin, two food borne toxins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37862145 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2271101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes that synthesize proteins are among the most central and evolutionarily conserved organelles. Given the key role of proteins in cellular functions, prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens have evolved potent toxins to inhibit ribosomal functions and weaken their host. Many of these ribotoxin-producing pathogens are associated with food. For example, food can be contaminated with bacterial pathogens that produce the ribotoxin Shiga toxin, but also with the fungal ribotoxin deoxynivalenol. Shiga toxin cleaves ribosomal RNA, while deoxynivalenol binds to and inhibits the peptidyl transferase center. Despite their distinct modes of action, both groups of ribotoxins hinder protein translation, but also trigger other comparable toxic effects, which depend or not on the activation of the ribotoxic stress response. Ribotoxic stress response-dependent effects include inflammation and apoptosis, whereas ribotoxic stress response-independent effects include endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and autophagy. For other effects, such as cell cycle arrest and cytoskeleton modulation, the involvement of the ribotoxic stress response is still controversial. Ribotoxins affect one organelle yet induce multiple toxic effects with multiple consequences for the cell. The ribosome can therefore be considered as the cellular "Achilles heel" targeted by food borne ribotoxins. Considering the high toxicity of ribotoxins, they pose a substantial health risk, as humans are highly susceptible to widespread exposure to these toxins through contaminated food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Garofalo
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Payros
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Taieb
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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17
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Grenier A, Morissette MC, Rochette PJ, Pouliot R. The combination of cigarette smoke and solar rays causes effects similar to skin aging in a bilayer skin model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17969. [PMID: 37863977 PMCID: PMC10589246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multifactorial process influenced by internal and external factors. The contribution of different environmental factors has been well established individually in the last few years. On the one hand, man is rarely exposed to a single factor, and on the other hand, there is very little knowledge about how these extrinsic factors may interact with each other or even how the skin may react to chronic exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on skin aging of a chronic co-exposure of tissue-engineered skin substitutes to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and solar simulator light (SSL). Skin substitutes were reconstructed according to the self-assembly method and then exposed to CSE followed by irradiation with SSL simultaneously transmitting UVA1, visible light and infrared. When skin substitutes were chronically exposed to CSE and SSL, a significant decrease in procollagen I synthesis and the inhibition of Smad2 phosphorylation of the TGF-β signaling pathway were observed. A 6.7-fold increase in MMP-1 activity was also observed when CSE was combined with SSL, resulting in a decrease in collagen III and collagen IV protein expression. The secretory profile resulting from the toxic synergy was investigated and several alterations were observed, notably an increase in the quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results also revealed the activation of the ERK1/2 (3.4-fold) and JNK (3.3-fold) pathways. Taken together, the results showed that a synergy between the two environmental factors could provoke premature skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexe Grenier
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick J Rochette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d'Ophtalmologie et ORL-Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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18
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Du L, Wu Y, Pan Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang H, He P. Lipopolysaccharide and Glycolipoprotein Coordinately Triggered Necroptosis Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Leptospira Infection in Mice. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:944-956. [PMID: 37166078 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a recurring but neglected zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira. The explicit underlying mechanism of necroptosis and its role in Leptospira infection have not yet been elucidated. Here we reported that leptospiral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, lipopolysaccharide, and glycolipoprotein activate the necroptotic RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL cascade through the TLR4 signaling pathway in mouse macrophages. Using the murine acute leptospirosis model, we reveal that abolition of necroptosis exhibited significantly improved outcomes in acute phases, with enhanced eradication of Leptospira from liver, mild clinical symptoms, and decreased cytokine production. RIPK3 was also found to exert a necroptosis-independent function in CXCL1 production and neutrophil recruitment, with the consequence of improved Leptospira control. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of Leptospira-macrophage interactions, indicating potential therapeutic values by targeting necroptosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqiang Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya'nan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Mahmoud IS, Jarrar YB, Febrimarsa. Modulation of IRAK enzymes as a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2909-2923. [PMID: 37061574 PMCID: PMC10105542 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Dysregulated and excessive production of cytokines and chemokines, known as cytokine storm, is frequently seen in patients with severe COVID-19 disease and it can provoke a severe systematic inflammation in the patients. The IL-1R/TLRs/IRAKs signaling network is a key pathway in immune cells that plays a central role in regulating innate immunity and inflammatory responses via stimulating the expression and production of various proinflammatory molecules including cytokines. Modulation of IRAKs activity has been proposed to be a promising strategy in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In this review, we highlight the biochemical properties of IRAKs and their role in regulating inflammatory molecular signaling pathways and discuss the potential targeting of IRAKs to suppress the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Yazun Bashir Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Febrimarsa
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
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20
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Lee YC, Chiou JT, Wang LJ, Chen YJ, Chang LS. Amsacrine downregulates BCL2L1 expression and triggers apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells through the SIDT2/NOX4/ERK/HuR pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116625. [PMID: 37451322 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the anticancer activity of acridine derivatives is mediated through the regulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BCL2 protein expression. Therefore, we investigated whether the cytotoxicity of amsacrine with an acridine structural scaffold in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells was mediated by BCL2 family proteins. Amsacrine induced apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, and BCL2L1 (also known as BCL-XL) downregulation in K562 cells. BCL2L1 overexpression inhibited amsacrine-induced cell death and mitochondrial depolarization. Amsacrine treatment triggered SIDT2-mediated miR-25 downregulation, leading to increased NOX4-mediated ROS production. ROS-mediated inactivation of ERK triggered miR-22 expression, leading to increased HuR mRNA decay. As HuR is involved in stabilizing BCL2L1 mRNA, downregulation of BCL2L1 was noted in K562 cells after amsacrine treatment. In contrast, amsacrine-induced BCL2L1 downregulation was alleviated by restoring ERK phosphorylation and HuR expression. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that amsacrine triggers apoptosis in K562 cells by inhibiting BCL2L1 expression through the SIDT2/NOX4/ERK-mediated downregulation of HuR. Furthermore, a similar pathway also explains the cytotoxicity of amsacrine in CML MEG-01 and KU812 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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21
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Lu G, Wang X, Cheng M, Wang S, Ma K. The multifaceted mechanisms of ellagic acid in the treatment of tumors: State-of-the-art. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115132. [PMID: 37423169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a kind of polyphenol compound extracted from a variety of herbs, such as paeoniae paeoniae, raspberry, Chebule, walnut kernel, myrrh, loquat leaf, pomegranate bark, quisquite, and fairy herb. It has anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutation, anti-bacterial, anti-allergic and multiple pharmacological properties. Studies have shown its anti-tumor effect in gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and other malignant tumors, mainly through inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and invasion, inducing autophagy, affecting tumor metabolic reprogramming and other forms of anti-tumor efficacy. Its molecular mechanism is mainly reflected in inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells through VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, PKC signaling pathway and COX-2 signaling pathway. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, JNK (cJun) signaling pathway, mitochondrial pathway, Bcl-2 / Bax signaling pathway, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway induced apoptosis of tumor cells and blocked EMT process and MMP SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway inhibits the metastasis and invasion of tumor cells, induces autophagy and affects tumor metabolic reprogramming to produce anti-tumor effects. At present, the analysis of the anti-tumor mechanism of ellagic acid is slightly lacking, so this study comprehensively searched the literature on the anti-tumor mechanism of ellagic acid in various databases, reviewed the research progress of the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of ellagic acid, in order to provide reference and theoretical basis for the further development and application of ellagic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Lu
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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22
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Bahceci DH, Grenert JP, Jordan RCK, Horvai AE. Genomic Profiling of the Craniofacial Ossifying Fibroma by Next-Generation Sequencing. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:722-730. [PMID: 36928741 PMCID: PMC10513971 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossifying fibroma (OF) of the craniofacial skeleton is a fibro-osseous lesion characterized by various patterns of bone formation in a cellular fibroblastic stroma. The molecular landscape of OF remains mostly unknown. There are a few known pathogenic abnormalities in OF, including HRPT2 mutations in conventional OF and SATB2 translocations in juvenile psammomatoid OF. On the other hand, conflicting reports exist regarding MDM2 gene amplification and chromosomal copy number alterations (CNA) in OF. METHODS Surgically removed biopsies and curettage specimens from OF patients were obtained. Clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of tumors were reviewed. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of tumor tissue. Capture-based DNA next-generation sequencing targeting the coding regions 529 cancer genes and select introns was performed. RESULTS We identified 17 OF cases from 8 male and 8 female patients with mean age of 22 years (range 1-58 years). Nine case occurred in the gnathic bones and 8 in the extragnathic craniofacial bones. These cases included 3 juvenile psammomatoid OF, 6 conventional OF and 8 juvenile trabecular OF. Large-scale CNAs were present in 6 of 17 cases. Seven cases (41%) had focal amplifications including FOSB (n = 2, 11%), FOS (n = 4, 23%), COL1A1 (n = 4, 23%) and TBX3 (n = 5, 29%). Three cases (17%) had pathogenic CDC73 mutations. No cases showed focal MDM2 amplification. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provided a comprehensive molecular characterization of OF that reveals a heterogeneous genetic profile with occasional large-scale CNAs (n = 6, 35%). FOS, FOSB, and TBX3 genes that regulate AP-1 transcriptional complex are frequently altered in OF (n = 7, 41%), chiefly in juvenile trabecular OF. These genes encode transcription factors that act as downstream effectors of the MAP kinase signaling pathway. MDM2 amplification is an exceedingly rare event in OF, if present at all, so identification of this event should continue to raise concern for low-grade gnathic osteosarcoma. In summary, our findings suggest that OF represents a heterogeneous group of tumors at the genetic level but dysregulation of the AP-1 pathway may play a role in pathogenesis of juvenile trabecular OF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorukhan H Bahceci
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - James P Grenert
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Richard C K Jordan
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Andrew E Horvai
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, 1825 4Th Street, Room M2354, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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23
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Hagkarim NC, Hajkarim MC, Suzuki T, Fujiwara T, Winkler GS, Stewart GS, Grand RJ. Disruption of the Mammalian Ccr4-Not Complex Contributes to Transcription-Mediated Genome Instability. Cells 2023; 12:1868. [PMID: 37508532 PMCID: PMC10378556 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Ccr4-Not complex, carbon catabolite repression 4 (Ccr4)-negative on TATA-less (Not), is a large, highly conserved, multifunctional assembly of proteins that acts at different cellular levels to regulate gene expression. It is involved in the control of the cell cycle, chromatin modification, activation and inhibition of transcription initiation, control of transcription elongation, RNA export, and nuclear RNA surveillance; the Ccr4-Not complex also plays a central role in the regulation of mRNA decay. Growing evidence suggests that gene transcription has a vital role in shaping the landscape of genome replication and is also a potent source of replication stress and genome instability. Here, we have examined the effects of the inactivation of the Ccr4-Not complex, via the depletion of the scaffold subunit CNOT1, on DNA replication and genome integrity in mammalian cells. In CNOT1-depleted cells, the elevated expression of the general transcription factor TATA-box binding protein (TBP) leads to increased RNA synthesis, which, together with R-loop accumulation, results in replication fork slowing, DNA damage, and senescence. Furthermore, we have shown that the stability of TBP mRNA increases in the absence of CNOT1, which may explain its elevated protein expression in CNOT1-depleted cells. Finally, we have shown the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling as evidenced by ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the absence of CNOT1, which may be responsible for the observed cell cycle arrest at the border of G1/S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Chalabi Hagkarim
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Morteza Chalabi Hajkarim
- Department of Medicine Haematology & Oncology, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Division of RNA and Gene Regulation, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka City 577-8502, Japan
| | | | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roger J Grand
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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24
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Hicks NJ, Crozier RWE, MacNeil AJ. JNK signaling during IL-3-mediated differentiation contributes to the c-kit-potentiated allergic inflammatory capacity of mast cells. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:92-105. [PMID: 37141385 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are leukocytes that mediate various aspects of immunity and drive allergic hypersensitivity pathologies. Mast cells differentiate from hematopoietic progenitor cells in a manner that is largely IL-3 dependent. However, molecular mechanisms, including the signaling pathways that control this process, have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, we examine the role of the ubiquitous and critical mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway due to its position downstream of the IL-3 receptor. Hematopoietic progenitor cells were harvested from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice and differentiated to bone marrow-derived mast cells in the presence of IL-3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Inhibition of the JNK node of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway induced the most comprehensive changes to the mature mast cell phenotype. Bone marrow-derived mast cells differentiated during impaired JNK signaling expressed impaired c-kit levels on the mast cell surface, first detected at week 3 of differentiation. Following 1 wk of inhibitor withdrawal and subsequent stimulation of IgE-sensitized FcεRI receptors with allergen (TNP-BSA) and c-kit receptors with stem cell factor, JNK-inhibited bone marrow-derived mast cells exhibited impediments in early-phase mediator release through degranulation (80% of control), as well as late-phase secretion of CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, TNF, and IL-6. Experiments with dual stimulation conditions (TNP-BSA + stem cell factor or TNP-BSA alone) showed that impediments in mediator secretion were found to be mechanistically linked to reduced c-kit surface levels. This study is the first to implicate JNK activity in IL-3-mediated mast cell differentiation and also identifies development as a critical and functionally determinative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Hicks
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Robert W E Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
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25
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Jęcek M, Nowak P, Zajdel R. Food Anthocyanins: Malvidin and Its Glycosides as Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients 2023; 15:3016. [PMID: 37447342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. These compounds contribute to the color of these foods and offer various health benefits to consumers due to their biological properties. There are more than 1000 types of anthocyanins in nature, all derived from 27 anthocyanidin aglycones that have different glycosylations and acylations. Malvidin is one of the most well-known anthocyanidins. Several studies, including those conducted on cell lines, animals, and humans, have suggested that malvidin and its glycosides possess anti-carcinogenic, diabetes-control, cardiovascular-disease-prevention, and brain-function-improvement properties. These health benefits are primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are influenced by the molecular mechanisms related to the expression and modulation of critical genes. In this article, we review the available information on the biological activity of malvidin and its glycosides concerning their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jęcek
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
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26
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Romano G, Le P, Nigita G, Saviana M, Micalo L, Lovat F, Del Valle Morales D, Li H, Nana-Sinkam P, Acunzo M. A-to-I edited miR-411-5p targets MET and promotes TKI response in NSCLC-resistant cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:1597-1606. [PMID: 37002315 PMCID: PMC10336698 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carrying an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation have an initial favorable clinical response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Unfortunately, rapid resistance occurs mainly because of genetic alterations, including amplification of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and its abnormal activity. The RNA post-transcriptional modifications that contribute to aberrant expression of MET in cancer are largely under-investigated and among them is the adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing of microRNAs. A reduction of A-to-I editing in position 5 of miR-411-5p has been identified in several cancers, including NSCLC. In this study, thanks to cancer-associated gene expression analysis, we assessed the effect of the edited miR-411-5p on NSCLC cell lines. We found that edited miR-411-5p directly targets MET and negatively affects the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. Considering the predominant role of the MAPKs pathway on TKIs resistance, we generated NSCLC EGFR mutated cell lines resistant to TK inhibitors and evaluated the effect of edited miR-411-5p overexpression. We found that the edited miR-411-5p reduces proliferation and induces apoptosis, promoting EGFR TKIs response in NSCLC-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Romano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Patricia Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Giovanni Nigita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michela Saviana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Lavender Micalo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Francesca Lovat
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Del Valle Morales
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Howard Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Mario Acunzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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27
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Nguyen HT, Martin LJ. Regulation of Cdh2 by the AP-1 family transcription factor Junb in TM4 Sertoli cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:32-40. [PMID: 37119763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadherins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and various cellular processes. In Sertoli cells of the testis, Cdh2 contributes to the development of the testis and the formation of the blood-testis barrier, being essential for germ cells' protection. Analyses of chromatin accessibility and epigenetic marks in adult mouse testis have shown that the region from -800 to +900 bp respective to Cdh2 transcription start site (TSS) is likely the active regulatory region of this gene. In addition, the JASPAR 2022 matrix has predicted an AP-1 binding element at about -600 bp. Transcription factors of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family have been implicated in the regulation of the expression of genes encoding cell-to-cell interaction proteins such as Gja1, Nectin2 and Cdh3. To test the potential regulation of Cdh2 by members of the AP-1 family, siRNAs were transfected into TM4 Sertoli cells. The knockdown of Junb led to a decrease in Cdh2 expression. ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays with site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the recruitment of Junb to several AP-1 regulatory elements in the proximal region of the Cdh2 promoter in TM4 cells. Further investigation with luciferase reporter assays showed that other AP-1 members can also activate the Cdh2 promoter albeit to a lesser extent than Junb. Taken together, these data suggest that in TM4 Sertoli cells, Junb is responsible for the regulation of Cdh2 expression which requires its recruitment to the proximal region of the Cdh2 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tuyen Nguyen
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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28
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Saurabh K, Mbadhi MN, Prifti KK, Martin KT, Frolova AI. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Activates S1PR3 to Induce a Proinflammatory Phenotype in Human Myometrial Cells. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad066. [PMID: 37120767 PMCID: PMC10201982 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the common mechanisms responsible for obstetric complications, affecting millions of women every year, is abnormal uterine contractility. Despite the critical importance of this process for women's health, the mechanisms of uterine contraction regulation remain poorly understood. The initiation of uterine smooth muscle (myometrial) contraction is an inflammatory process, accompanied by upregulation of proinflammatory genes and cytokine release. In this study, we show that sphingolipid metabolism is activated during human labor and that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the main bioactive sphingolipid, may modify the myometrial proinflammatory phenotype. Our data in both primary and immortalized human myometrial cells show that exogenous S1P induces a proinflammatory gene signature and upregulates the expression of known inflammatory markers of parturition, such as IL8 and COX2. Using expression of IL8 as a readout for S1P activity in myometrial cells, we established that these S1P effects are mediated through the activation of S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) and downstream activation of ERK1/2 pathways. Inhibition of S1PR3 in human myometrial cells attenuates upregulation of IL8, COX2, and JUNB both at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, activation of S1PR3 with a receptor-specific agonist recapitulated the effects seen after treatment with exogenous S1P. Collectively, these results suggest a signaling pathway activated by S1P in human myometrium during parturition and propose new targets for development of novel therapeutics to alter uterine contractility during management of preterm labor or labor dystocia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Saurabh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Magdaleena Naemi Mbadhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin K Prifti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kaci T Martin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Antonina I Frolova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Mussa A, Afolabi HA, Syed NH, Talib M, Murtadha AH, Hajissa K, Mokhtar NF, Mohamud R, Hassan R. The NF-κB Transcriptional Network Is a High-Dose Vitamin C-Targetable Vulnerability in Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041060. [PMID: 37189677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer type among women with a distinct clinical presentation, but the survival rate remains moderate despite advances in multimodal therapy. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the molecular etiology is required for the development of more effective treatments for BC. The relationship between inflammation and tumorigenesis is well established, and the activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is frequently identified in BC. Constitutive NF-κB activation is linked to cell survival, metastasis, proliferation, and hormonal, chemo-, and radiotherapy resistance. Moreover, the crosstalk between NF-κB and other transcription factors is well documented. It is reported that vitamin C plays a key role in preventing and treating a number of pathological conditions, including cancer, when administered at remarkably high doses. Indeed, vitamin C can regulate the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting specific NF-κB-dependent genes and multiple stimuli. In this review, we examine the various NF-κB impacts on BC development. We also provide some insight into how the NF-κB network may be targeted as a potential vulnerability by using natural pro-oxidant therapies such as vitamin C.
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Clemente TM, Augusto L, Angara RK, Gilk SD. Coxiella burnetii actively blocks IL-17-induced oxidative stress in macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532774. [PMID: 36993319 PMCID: PMC10055185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious pathogen that causes Q fever, a leading cause of culture-negative endocarditis. Coxiella first targets alveolar macrophages and forms a phagolysosome-like compartment called the Coxiella-Containing Vacuole (CCV). Successful host cell infection requires the Type 4B Secretion System (T4BSS), which translocates bacterial effector proteins across the CCV membrane into the host cytoplasm, where they manipulate numerous cell processes. Our prior transcriptional studies revealed that Coxiella T4BSS blocks IL-17 signaling in macrophages. Given that IL-17 is known to protect against pulmonary pathogens, we hypothesize that C. burnetii T4BSS downregulates intracellular IL-17 signaling to evade the host immune response and promote bacterial pathogenesis. Using a stable IL-17 promoter reporter cell line, we confirmed that Coxiella T4BSS blocks IL-17 transcription activation. Assessment of the phosphorylation state of NF-κB, MAPK, and JNK revealed that Coxiella downregulates IL-17 activation of these proteins. Using ACT1 knockdown and IL-17RA or TRAF6 knockout cells, we next determined that IL17RA-ACT1-TRAF6 pathway is essential for the IL-17 bactericidal effect in macrophages. In addition, macrophages stimulated with IL-17 generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species, which is likely connected to the bactericidal effect of IL-17. However, C. burnetii T4SS effector proteins block the IL-17-mediated oxidative stress, suggesting that Coxiella blocks IL-17 signaling to avoid direct killing by the macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Clemente
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Leonardo Augusto
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Rajendra K Angara
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Stacey D Gilk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
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Lee YC, Chiou JT, Chang LS. AMPK inhibition induces MCL1 mRNA destabilization via the p38 MAPK/miR-22/HuR axis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115442. [PMID: 36720359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of AMPK in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are controvertible. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C in the CML cell lines K562, KU812, and MEG-01. Compared to K562 cells, KU812 and MEG-01 cells were more sensitive to Compound C-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, Compound C induced SIRT3 upregulation in K562 cells but not in KU812 or MEG-01 cells. SIRT3 silencing increased the sensitivity of K562 cells to Compound C. Additionally; Compound C-induced autophagy attenuated its induced apoptosis in KU812 and MEG-01 cells. Compound C-induced ROS-mediated AMPKα inactivation resulted in the downregulation of apoptotic regulator MCL1 in KU812 and MEG-01 cells. Mechanistically, AMPK inhibition activated p38 MAPK-mediated miR-22 expression, which in turn inhibited HuR expression, thereby reducing MCL1 mRNA stability. Overexpression of constitutively active AMPKα1 and abolishment of the activation of p38 MAPK inhibited Compound C-induced cell death and MCL1 downregulation. Furthermore, Compound C synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of BCR-ABL inhibitors and the BCL2 inhibitor ABT-199. Collectively, this study indicates that Compound C induces MCL1 downregulation through the AMPK/p38 MAPK/miR-22/HuR pathway, thereby inducing apoptosis of KU812 and MEG-01 cells. Furthermore, our findings suggest that AMPK inhibition is a promising strategy for improving CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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McCarty MF, Benzvi C, Vojdani A, Lerner A. Nutraceutical strategies for alleviation of UVB phototoxicity. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36811352 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B exposure to keratinocytes promotes carcinogenesis by inducing pyrimidine dimer lesions in DNA, suppressing the nucleotide excision repair mechanism required to fix them, inhibiting the apoptosis required for the elimination of initiated cells, and driving cellular proliferation. Certain nutraceuticals - most prominently spirulina, soy isoflavones, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, the green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Polypodium leucotomos extract - have been shown to oppose photocarcinogenesis, as well as sunburn and photoaging, in UVB-exposed hairless mice. It is proposed that spirulina provides protection in this regard via phycocyanobilin-mediated inhibition of Nox1-dependent NADPH oxidase; that soy isoflavones do so by opposing NF-κB transcriptional activity via oestrogen receptor-beta; that the benefit of eicosapentaenoic acid reflects decreased production of prostaglandin E2; and that EGCG counters UVB-mediated phototoxicity via inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor. The prospects for practical nutraceutical down-regulation of photocarcinogenesis, sunburn, and photoaging appear favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold Branch Extracts Attenuate NO and ROS Production via the Inhibition of p38 and JNK Phosphorylation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041974. [PMID: 36838961 PMCID: PMC9960860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum japonicum (CJ) is widely distributed in Asian countries like Korea, China, and Japan. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that it exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, most studies have confirmed the efficacy of its water extract but not that of its other extracts. Therefore, in this study, Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold branches (CJB: 70% EtOH extract) were separated using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate (CJB3), butanol, and water. Then, their antioxidative activities and phenolic contents were measured. Results revealed that the antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of CJB3 were higher than those of the other extracts. Further, the inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effect of CJB3 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and LPS-activated macrophages, respectively, was determined. CJB3 suppressed oxidative stress in LPS-activated cells and dose-dependently decreased LPS-stimulated ROS production. CJB3 reduced oxidative stress and reversed the glutathione decrease in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory and reducing effect of CJB3 on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase protein and messenger RNA levels, respectively, was investigated. CJB3 inhibited LPS-induced cytokine production and p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Overall, the study results suggest that CJB3 may exert its anti-inflammatory effects via the suppression of p38, JNK, and c-Jun activation.
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Kim JH, Kim JW, Kim CY, Jeong JS, Ko JW, Kim TW. Green tea extract ameliorates macrophage-driven emphysematous lesions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke condensate. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1366-1376. [PMID: 36729048 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important lung disease characterized by complicated symptoms including emphysema. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of green tea extract (GTE) on cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced emphysema by demonstrating the reduction of macrophage-induced protease expression through GTE treatment in vivo and in vitro. Mice were intranasally administered 50 mg/kg CSC once a week for 4 weeks, and doses of 100 or 300 mg/kg GTE were administered orally once daily for 4 weeks. GTE significantly reduced macrophage counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and emphysematous lesions in lung tissues in CSC-exposed mice. In addition, GTE suppressed CSC-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/activator protein (AP)-1 phosphorylation followed by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 expression as revealed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and zymography in CSC-instilled mice. These underlying mechanisms related to reduced protease expression were confirmed in NCI-H292 cells stimulated by CSC. Taken together, GTE effectively inhibits macrophage-driven emphysematous lesions induced by CSC treatment, and these protective effects of GTE are closely related to the ERK/AP-1 signaling pathway, followed by a reduced protease/antiprotease imbalance. These results suggest that GTE can be used as a supplementary agent for the prevention of emphysema progression in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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35
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Tissue Derivation and Biological Sex Uniquely Mediate Endothelial Cell Protein Expression, Redox Status, and Nitric Oxide Synthesis. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010093. [PMID: 36611888 PMCID: PMC9818567 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endothelial cells are routinely utilized in cardiovascular research to provide a translational foundation for understanding how the vascular endothelium functions in vivo. However, little attention has been given to whether there are sex specific responses in vitro. Similarly, it is unclear whether endothelial cells derived from distinct tissues behave in a homogenous manner. Herein, we demonstrate that marked sex differences exist within, and between, commonly utilized human primary endothelial cells from healthy donors, with respect to redox status, nitric oxide synthesis, and associated proteins that can mediate their expression. Further, we demonstrate that endothelial cells respond uniquely to inflammatory insult in a sex- and tissue origin-dependent manner. Our findings suggest sex and tissue derivation may need to be considered when studying endothelial cells in vitro as cells derived from distinct tissue and sexes may not behave interchangeably.
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36
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Benito-León M, Gil-Redondo JC, Perez-Sen R, Delicado EG, Ortega F, Gomez-Villafuertes R. BCI, an inhibitor of the DUSP1 and DUSP6 dual specificity phosphatases, enhances P2X7 receptor expression in neuroblastoma cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1049566. [PMID: 36589747 PMCID: PMC9797830 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1049566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) is expressed strongly by most human cancers, including neuroblastoma, where high levels of P2RX7 are correlated with a poor prognosis for patients. Tonic activation of P2X7 receptor favors cell metabolism and angiogenesis, thereby promoting cancer cell proliferation, immunosuppression, and metastasis. Although understanding the mechanisms that control P2X7 receptor levels in neuroblastoma cells could be biologically and clinically relevant, the intracellular signaling pathways involved in this regulation remain poorly understood. Here we show that (E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BCI), an allosteric inhibitor of dual specificity phosphatases (DUSP) 1 and 6, enhances the expression of P2X7 receptor in N2a neuroblastoma cells. We found that exposure to BCI induces the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK, while it prevents the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. BCI enhanced dual specificity phosphatase 1 expression, whereas it induced a decrease in the dual specificity phosphatase 6 transcripts, suggesting that BCI-dependent inhibition of dual specificity phosphatase 1 may be responsible for the increase in p38 and JNK phosphorylation. The weaker ERK phosphorylation induced by BCI was reversed by p38 inhibition, indicating that this MAPK is involved in the regulatory loop that dampens ERK activity. The PP2A phosphatase appears to be implicated in the p38-dependent dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. In addition, the PTEN phosphatase inhibition also prevented ERK1/2 dephosphorylation, probably through p38 downregulation. By contrast, inhibition of the p53 nuclear factor decreased ERK phosphorylation, probably enhancing the activity of p38. Finally, the inhibition of either p38 or Sp1-dependent transcription halved the increase in P2X7 receptor expression induced by BCI. Moreover, the combined inhibition of both p38 and Sp1 completely prevented the effect exerted by BCI. Together, our results indicate that dual specificity phosphatase 1 acts as a novel negative regulator of P2X7 receptor expression in neuroblastoma cells due to the downregulation of the p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benito-León
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gil-Redondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain,Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biophysics, BOKU University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raquel Perez-Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G. Delicado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Felipe Ortega, ; Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes,
| | - Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Felipe Ortega, ; Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes,
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37
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Stein CB, Field AR, Mimoso CA, Zhao C, Huang KL, Wagner EJ, Adelman K. Integrator endonuclease drives promoter-proximal termination at all RNA polymerase II-transcribed loci. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4232-4245.e11. [PMID: 36309014 PMCID: PMC9680917 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing in early elongation is critical for gene regulation. Paused RNAPII can be released into productive elongation by the kinase P-TEFb or targeted for premature termination by the Integrator complex. Integrator comprises endonuclease and phosphatase activities, driving termination by cleavage of nascent RNA and removal of stimulatory phosphorylation. We generated a degron system for rapid Integrator endonuclease (INTS11) depletion to probe the direct consequences of Integrator-mediated RNA cleavage. Degradation of INTS11 elicits nearly universal increases in active early elongation complexes. However, these RNAPII complexes fail to achieve optimal elongation rates and exhibit persistent Integrator phosphatase activity. Thus, only short transcripts are significantly upregulated following INTS11 loss, including transcription factors, signaling regulators, and non-coding RNAs. We propose a uniform molecular function for INTS11 across all RNAPII-transcribed loci, with differential effects on particular genes, pathways, or RNA biotypes reflective of transcript lengths rather than specificity of Integrator activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad B Stein
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew R Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claudia A Mimoso
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - ChenCheng Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai-Lieh Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Eric J Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Ba MA, Aiyuk A, Hernández K, Evasovic JM, Wuebbles RD, Burkin DJ, Singer CA. Transgenic overexpression of α7 integrin in smooth muscle attenuates allergen‐induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:724-740. [PMID: 36349295 PMCID: PMC9635010 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lower airways characterized by modulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) function. Infiltration of smooth muscle by inflammatory mediators is partially regulated by transmembrane integrins and the major smooth muscle laminin receptor α7β1 integrin plays a critical role in the maintenance of ASM phenotype. The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of α7 integrin in asthma using smooth muscle‐specific α7 integrin transgenic mice (TgSM‐Itgα7) using both acute and chronic OVA sensitization and challenge protocols that mimic mild to severe asthmatic phenotypes. Transgenic over‐expression of the α7 integrin in smooth muscle resulted in a significant decrease in airway resistance relative to controls, reduced the total number of inflammatory cells and substantially inhibited the production of crucial Th2 and Th17 cytokines in airways. This was accompanied by decreased secretion of various inflammatory chemokines such as eotaxin/CCL11, KC/CXCL3, MCP‐1/CCL2, and MIP‐1β/CCL4. Additionally, α7 integrin overexpression significantly decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the lungs of TgSM‐Itgα7 mice and affected proliferative, contractile, and inflammatory downstream effectors of ERK1/2 that drive smooth muscle phenotype in the lung. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that enhanced expression of α7 integrin in vivo inhibits allergic inflammation and airway resistance. Moreover, we identify ERK1/2 as a potential target by which α7 integrin signals to regulate airway inflammation. We conclude that identification of therapeutics targeting an increase in smooth muscle α7 integrin expression could serve as a potential novel treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A. Ba
- Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno Nevada USA
| | - Annemarie Aiyuk
- Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno Nevada USA
| | - Karla Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno Nevada USA
| | - Jon M. Evasovic
- Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno Nevada USA
| | - Ryan D. Wuebbles
- Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno Nevada USA
| | - Dean J. Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno Nevada USA
| | - Cherie A. Singer
- Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno Nevada USA
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Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1) expression is repressed by oncogenic HPVs and regulates the Cisplatin sensitivity of HPV‐positive cancer cells in a JNK‐dependent manner. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2215-2228. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Therapeutic targeting of ATR in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4297. [PMID: 35879366 PMCID: PMC9314382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in multi-modal treatment approaches, clinical outcomes of patients suffering from PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene-expressing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) remain dismal. Here we show that PAX3-FOXO1-expressing ARMS cells are sensitive to pharmacological ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein (ATR) inhibition. Expression of PAX3-FOXO1 in muscle progenitor cells is not only sufficient to increase sensitivity to ATR inhibition, but PAX3-FOXO1-expressing rhabdomyosarcoma cells also exhibit increased sensitivity to structurally diverse inhibitors of ATR. Mechanistically, ATR inhibition leads to replication stress exacerbation, decreased BRCA1 phosphorylation and reduced homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair pathway activity. Consequently, ATR inhibitor treatment increases sensitivity of ARMS cells to PARP1 inhibition in vitro, and combined treatment with ATR and PARP1 inhibitors induces complete regression of primary patient-derived ARMS xenografts in vivo. Lastly, a genome-wide CRISPR activation screen (CRISPRa) in combination with transcriptional analyses of ATR inhibitor resistant ARMS cells identifies the RAS-MAPK pathway and its targets, the FOS gene family, as inducers of resistance to ATR inhibition. Our findings provide a rationale for upcoming biomarker-driven clinical trials of ATR inhibitors in patients suffering from ARMS.
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Park D, Kim DY, Byun MR, Hwang H, Ko SH, Baek JH, Baek K. Undercarboxylated, but not Carboxylated, Osteocalcin suppresses TNF-α induced inflammatory signaling pathway in Myoblast. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac084. [PMID: 35702666 PMCID: PMC9188654 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) has been considered to be an important endocrine factor, especially to regulate bone and energy metabolism. Even with the mounting evidence showing the consistent inverse correlation of ucOCN levels in chronic inflammatory diseases, however, the mechanism underlying the involvement of ucOCN in the muscular inflammation has not been fully understood. In the present study, we explored 1) the endocrine role of ucOCN in the regulation of inflammation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary myoblasts and the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms, and 2) whether G protein–coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) is the ucOCN-sensing receptor associated with the ucOCN-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling pathway in myoblasts. ucOCN suppressed the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–induced expressions of major inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inhibited the TNF-α–stimulated activities of transcription factors, including NF-κB, in C2C12 and primary myoblasts. Both knockdown and knockout of GPRC6A, by using siRNA or a CRISPR/CAS9 system, respectively, did not reverse the effect of ucOCN on IL-1β expression in myoblasts. Interestingly, TNF-α–induced IL-1β expression was inhibited by knockdown or deletion of GPRC6A itself, regardless of the ucOCN treatment. ucOCN was rapidly internalized into the cytoplasmic region via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, suggesting the presence of new target proteins in the cell membrane and/or in the cytoplasm for interaction with ucOCN in myoblasts. Taken together, these findings indicate that ucOCN suppresses the TNF-α–induced inflammatory signaling pathway in myoblasts. GPRC6A is not a sensing receptor associated with the ucOCN-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling pathway in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyorin Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hee Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea
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Structural and Functional Properties of Activator Protein-1 in Cancer and Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9797929. [PMID: 35664945 PMCID: PMC9162854 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9797929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional machinery is composed of numerous factors that help to regulate gene expression in cells. The function and the fundamental role of transcription factors in different human diseases and cancer have been extensively researched. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is an inducible transcription factor that consists of a diverse group of members including Jun, Fos, Maf, and ATF. AP-1 involves a number of processes such as proliferation, migration, and survival in cells. Dysfunctional AP-1 activity is seen in several diseases, especially cancer and inflammatory disorders. The AP-1 proteins are controlled by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the NF-κB pathway. AP-1 inhibitors can be actively pursued as drug discovery targets in cancer therapy when used as a treatment to halt tumor progression. The consumption of phytochemicals in the diet is related to decreasing the incidence of cancer and proves to exhibit anticancer properties. Natural product targets AP-1 are effective cancer prevention and treatment options for various cancer types. Targeting AP-1 with natural products is an effective cancer treatment option for different cancer types. This review summarizes AP-1 subunit proteins, their structures, AP-1-related signaling, and its modulation by natural bioactive compounds.
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Gupta AK, Das S, Kamran M, Ejazi SA, Ali N. The Pathogenicity and Virulence of Leishmania - interplay of virulence factors with host defenses. Virulence 2022; 13:903-935. [PMID: 35531875 PMCID: PMC9154802 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2074130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Infection by different species of Leishmania results in various host immune responses, which usually lead to parasite clearance and may also contribute to pathogenesis and, hence, increasing the complexity of the disease. Interestingly, the parasite tends to reside within the unfriendly environment of the macrophages and has evolved various survival strategies to evade or modulate host immune defense. This can be attributed to the array of virulence factors of the vicious parasite, which target important host functioning and machineries. This review encompasses a holistic overview of leishmanial virulence factors, their role in assisting parasite-mediated evasion of host defense weaponries, and modulating epigenetic landscapes of host immune regulatory genes. Furthermore, the review also discusses the diagnostic potential of various leishmanial virulence factors and the advent of immunomodulators as futuristic antileishmanial drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Gupta
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sonali Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mohd Kamran
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
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44
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Dalhäusser AK, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Regulation of c-Fos gene transcription by stimulus-responsive protein kinases. Gene 2022; 821:146284. [PMID: 35143939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basic region leucin zipper (bZIP) protein c-Fos constitutes together with other bZIP proteins the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Expression of the c-Fos gene is regulated by numerous extracellular signaling molecules including mitogens, metabolites, and ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors, and cytokine receptors. Here, we analyzed the effects of the stimulus-responsive MAP kinases ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase) and p38 protein kinase on transcription of the c-Fos gene. We used chromatin-integrated c-Fos promoter-luciferase reporter genes containing inactivating point mutations of DNA binding sites for distinct transcription factors. ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 protein kinases were specifically activated following expression of either a mutant of B-Raf, a truncated version of mitogen-activated/extracellular signal responsive kinase kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1), or a mutant of MAP kinase kinase-6 (MKK6), respectively. The results show that the DNA binding sites for serum response factor (SRF) and for the ternary complex factor (TCF) are of major importance for stimulating c-Fos promoter activity by MAP kinases. ERK1/2 and p38-induced stimulation of the c-Fos promoter additionally required the DNA binding site for the transcription factor AP-1. Mutation of the DNA binding site for STAT had no or only a small effect on c-Fos promoter activity. We conclude that MAP kinases do not activate distinct transcription factors involving distinct genetic elements. Rather, these kinases mainly target SRF and TCF proteins, leading to an activation of transcription of the c-Fos gene via the serum response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisia K Dalhäusser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Dai X, Murakami M, Shiraishi K, Muto J, Tohyama M, Mori H, Utsunomiya R, Sayama K. EGFR ligands synergistically increase IL-17A-induced expression of psoriasis signature genes in human keratinocytes via IκBζ and Bcl3. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:994-1005. [PMID: 35411943 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Various epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands are highly expressed in the epidermis of psoriasis lesions, and abnormal EGFR activation appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, how EGFR signaling contributes to the development of psoriasis is unclear. Interleukin (IL)-17A, a critical effector of the IL-23/IL-17A pathway, increases the expression of psoriasis signature genes in keratinocytes and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by inducing IκBζ, a critical transcriptional regulator in psoriasis. In this study, we stimulated primary human keratinocytes with IL-17A and various EGFR ligands to investigate whether EGFR ligands regulate the expression of psoriasis signature genes. In cultured normal human keratinocytes and a living skin equivalent, EGFR ligands did not induce psoriasis-related gene expression, but significantly enhanced the IL-17A-mediated induction of various psoriasis signature genes, including antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines. This was dependent on an EGFR activation-mediated synergistic increase in IL-17A-induced IκBζ expression and was partially mediated by the EGFR-dependent upregulation of Bcl3. Therefore, EGFR ligands can act as synergistic agents of IL-17A signaling by stimulating the epidermal production of psoriasis signature genes in psoriasis lesions. This study reveals a potential mechanism by which EGFR signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masamoto Murakami
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ken Shiraishi
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Muto
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryo Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of an Anti-Histamine Drug, Loratadine, by Suppressing TAK1 in AP-1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073986. [PMID: 35409346 PMCID: PMC8999734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Loratadine is an anti-histamine routinely used for treating allergies. However, recent findings have shown that Loratadine may also have anti-inflammatory functions, while their exact mechanisms have not yet been fully uncovered. In this paper, we investigated whether Loratadine can be utilized as an anti-inflammatory drug through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments using a murine macrophage cell line and an acute gastritis mouse model. Loratadine was found to dramatically reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including MMP1, MMP3, and MMP9, and inhibit AP-1 transcriptional activation, as demonstrated by the luciferase assay. Therefore, we decided to further explore its role in the AP-1 signaling pathway. The expression of c-Jun and c-Fos, AP-1 subunits, was repressed by Loratadine and, correspondingly, the expression of p-JNK, p-MKK7, and p-TAK1 was also inhibited. In addition, Loratadine was able to reduce gastric bleeding in acute gastritis-induced mice; Western blotting using the stomach samples showed reduced p-c-Fos protein levels. Loratadine was shown to effectively suppress inflammation by specifically targeting TAK1 and suppressing consequent AP-1 signaling pathway activation and inflammatory cytokine production.
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Vafeiadou V, Hany D, Picard D. Hyperactivation of MAPK Induces Tamoxifen Resistance in SPRED2-Deficient ERα-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040954. [PMID: 35205702 PMCID: PMC8870665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tamoxifen has been used for more than 40 years to treat breast tumors that are dependent on the hormone estrogen for their growth. However, resistance and recurrence of the tumors during the course of the treatment are common. Understanding the mechanisms that drive tamoxifen resistance and discovering new biomarkers for early detection are keys for designing appropriate personalized therapies. Here, we show that low levels of SPRED2 may be useful as a novel biomarker of tamoxifen resistance. We found that SPRED2 deficiency causes a hyperactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1/ERK2, which in turn enhances estrogen signaling and diminishes the toxic effects of tamoxifen on breast cancer cells. Treatment with the ERK1/2 inhibitor, ulixertinib, could restore their sensitivity to tamoxifen. Therefore, we propose that patients with estrogen-dependent breast cancer characterized by low expression levels of SPRED2 may be candidates for a combination therapy with tamoxifen and ulixertinib. Abstract Breast cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Most breast tumors depend on the expression of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) for their growth. For this reason, targeting ERα with antagonists such as tamoxifen is the therapy of choice for most patients. Although initially responsive to tamoxifen, about 40% of the patients will develop resistance and ultimately a recurrence of the disease. Thus, finding new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches to treatment-resistant tumors is of high significance. SPRED2, an inhibitor of the MAPK signal transduction pathway, has been found to be downregulated in various cancers. In the present study, we found that SPRED2 is downregulated in a large proportion of breast-cancer patients. Moreover, the knockdown of SPRED2 significantly increases cell proliferation and leads to tamoxifen resistance of breast-cancer cells that are initially tamoxifen-sensitive. We found that resistance occurs through increased activation of the MAPKs ERK1/ERK2, which enhances the transcriptional activity of ERα. Treatment of SPRED2-deficient breast cancer cells with a combination of the ERK 1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) can inhibit cell growth and proliferation and overcome the induced tamoxifen resistance. Taken together, these results indicate that SPRED2 may also be a tumor suppressor for breast cancer and that it is a key regulator of cellular sensitivity to 4-OHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Vafeiadou
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland; (V.V.); (D.H.)
| | - Dina Hany
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland; (V.V.); (D.H.)
- On leave from: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland; (V.V.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Langer I, Jeandriens J, Couvineau A, Sanmukh S, Latek D. Signal Transduction by VIP and PACAP Receptors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020406. [PMID: 35203615 PMCID: PMC8962308 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of the human immune system is regulated by many cellular components, including two neuropeptides, VIP and PACAP, primary stimuli for three class B G protein-coupled receptors, VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulate intestinal motility and secretion and influence the functioning of the endocrine and immune systems. Inhibition of VIP and PACAP receptors is an emerging concept for new pharmacotherapies for chronic inflammation and cancer, while activation of their receptors provides neuroprotection. A small number of known active compounds for these receptors still impose limitations on their use in therapeutics. Recent cryo-EM structures of VPAC1 and PAC1 receptors in their agonist-bound active state have provided insights regarding their mechanism of activation. Here, we describe major molecular switches of VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 that may act as triggers for receptor activation and compare them with similar non-covalent interactions changing upon activation that were observed for other GPCRs. Interhelical interactions in VIP and PACAP receptors that are important for agonist binding and/or activation provide a molecular basis for the design of novel selective drugs demonstrating anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects. The impact of genetic variants of VIP, PACAP, and their receptors on signalling mediated by endogenous agonists is also described. This sequence diversity resulting from gene splicing has a significant impact on agonist selectivity and potency as well as on the signalling properties of VIP and PACAP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Langer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (I.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jérôme Jeandriens
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (I.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Alain Couvineau
- UMR 1149 Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France;
| | - Swapnil Sanmukh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dorota Latek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Fimbristylis ovata and Artemisia vulgaris extracts inhibited AGE-mediated RAGE expression, ROS generation, and inflammation in THP-1 cells. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:331-343. [DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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50
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Qu F, Li J, Zeng X, She Q, Li Y, Xie W, Cao S, Zhou Y, He Z, Tang J, Mao Z, Wang Y, Fang J, Xu W, Liu Z. Grass carp MAP3K4 participates in the intestinal immune response to bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:82-91. [PMID: 34780976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) is a multifunctional mediator of the conserved MAPK signaling pathway that plays essential roles in the regulation of immune responses in mammals. However, the function of teleost MAP3K4s in innate immunity, especially in the intestinal immune system, is still poorly understood. In the current study, we identified a fish MAP3K4 homolog (CiMAP3K4) in Ctenopharyngodon idella as well as its immune function in intestine following bacterial infection in vivo and in vitro. The open reading frame (ORF) of CiMAP3K4 encodes putative peptide of 1544 amino acids containing a predicted serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain with high identity with other fish MAP3K4s. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the CiMAP3K4 belonged to the fish cluster and showed the closest relationship to Pimephales promelas. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that CiMAP3K4 transcripts were widely distributed in all tested tissues, especially with high expression in the muscle and intestine of healthy grass carp. In vitro, CiMAP3K4 gene expression was upregulated by bacterial PAMPs (lipolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Tri-DAP) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP)) and pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii) in primary intestinal cells. In vivo, the mRNA expression levels of CiMAP3K4 in the intestine were significantly induced by bacterial MDP challenge in a time-dependent manner; however, this effect could be inhibited by the bioactive dipeptides β-alanyl-l-histidine (carnosine) and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln). Moreover, CiMAP3K4 was located primarily in the cytoplasm, and its overexpression increased the transcriptional activity of AP-1 in HEK293T cells. Collectively, these results suggested that CiMAP3K4 might play an important role in the intestinal immune response to bacterial infections, which paves the way for a better understanding of the intestinal immune system of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Qing She
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Shenping Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jianzhou Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Zhuangwen Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jiamei Fang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
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