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[Assessing nutritional status in institutionalized mental patients]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 39:365-375. [PMID: 34839669 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES malnutrition remains an unrecognised problem in psychiatric centers. The aim of the present study was to find out the prevalence of malnutrition and to recognize the importance of diet in the nutrition of the mentally ill. METHODS the nutritional status of 65 patients was assessed by anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, tricipital skin fold, bicipital skin fold, subscapular skin fold, suprailiac skin fold, tibial skin fold, abdominal skin fold, waist-hip index, hip circumference and waist circumference), blood tests (ferritin, triglycerides, albumin, cholesterol, glucose), other variables (blood pressure), the MNA-2009 questionnaire, and the one-week menu. Personal data, sex, smoking habits, age, type of disease, physical activity, family visits and the variables included in the MNA-2009 questionnaire were also recorded for each patient. RESULTS the sample consisted of 13 women and 52 men, all of whom were mentally ill patients in a psychiatric institution. A total of 43.1 % were overweight and 21.5 % obese, with more women than men in each category. Regarding biochemical values, it was observed that triglyceride and cholesterol levels were higher than recommended values. In addition, they presented a great imbalance in macronutrients and micronutrients in the daily nutritional assessment. CONCLUSION this study has demonstrated the high prevalence of malnutrition in psychiatric patients, in particular obesity, due to the large excess of each of the macronutrients and micronutrients in the daily menu of psychiatric patients.
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Mörkl S, Stell L, Buhai DV, Schweinzer M, Wagner-Skacel J, Vajda C, Lackner S, Bengesser SA, Lahousen T, Painold A, Oberascher A, Tatschl JM, Fellinger M, Müller-Stierlin A, Serban AC, Ben-Sheetrit J, Vejnovic AM, Butler MI, Balanzá-Martínez V, Zaja N, Rus-Prelog P, Strumila R, Teasdale SB, Reininghaus EZ, Holasek SJ. 'An Apple a Day'?: Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Psychotherapists Report Poor Literacy for Nutritional Medicine: International Survey Spanning 52 Countries. Nutrients 2021; 13:822. [PMID: 33801454 PMCID: PMC8000813 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions have beneficial effects on certain psychiatric disorder symptomatology and common physical health comorbidities. However, studies evaluating nutritional literacy in mental health professionals (MHP) are scarce. This study aimed to assess the across 52 countries. Surveys were distributed via colleagues and professional societies. Data were collected regarding self-reported general nutrition knowledge, nutrition education, learning opportunities, and the tendency to recommend food supplements or prescribe specific diets in clinical practice. In total, 1056 subjects participated in the study: 354 psychiatrists, 511 psychologists, 44 psychotherapists, and 147 MHPs in-training. All participants believed the diet quality of individuals with mental disorders was poorer compared to the general population (p < 0.001). The majority of the psychiatrists (74.2%) and psychologists (66.3%) reported having no training in nutrition. Nevertheless, many of them used nutrition approaches, with 58.6% recommending supplements and 43.8% recommending specific diet strategies to their patients. Only 0.8% of participants rated their education regarding nutrition as 'very good.' Almost all (92.9%) stated they would like to expand their knowledge regarding 'Nutritional Psychiatry.' There is an urgent need to integrate nutrition education into MHP training, ideally in collaboration with nutrition experts to achieve best practice care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Linda Stell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Diana V. Buhai
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Melanie Schweinzer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (J.W.-S.); (C.V.)
| | - Jolana Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (J.W.-S.); (C.V.)
| | - Christian Vajda
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (J.W.-S.); (C.V.)
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Susanne A. Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Theresa Lahousen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Annamaria Painold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Andreas Oberascher
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Clinic for Psychiatry, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Josef M. Tatschl
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Matthäus Fellinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Ana C. Serban
- Psychiatrist in Private Sector, Psychotherapist in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Independent Researcher, No 26-28 Dumitru Sergiu street, sector 1, 011026 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Joseph Ben-Sheetrit
- Psychiatrist in private practice, 3HaNechoshet St., Tel-Aviv 6971068, Israel;
| | - Ana-Marija Vejnovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mary I. Butler
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nikola Zaja
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Polona Rus-Prelog
- Center for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, 1260 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Robertas Strumila
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eva Z. Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.M.); (L.S.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (E.Z.R.)
| | - Sandra J. Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (S.J.H.)
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Rahe C, Unrath M, Berger K. Dietary patterns and the risk of depression in adults: a systematic review of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:997-1013. [PMID: 24468939 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet, a modifiable lifestyle factor, may influence the development of depression. We performed a systematic review of observational studies examining the relationship between dietary patterns and depression in healthy adults. METHODS A literature research was conducted searching various electronic databases up to May 2013. Study selection was based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included studies were reviewed, and relevant data were extracted by two independent researchers. Due to a high level of heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was conducted. Therefore, main results are presented in a descriptive way. RESULTS In total, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and are part of this review. Dietary patterns most commonly found were traditional/healthy patterns, Western/unhealthy patterns and Mediterranean patterns. The available literature suggests a protective effect of healthy and Mediterranean patterns, as well as a potential positive association of Western patterns and depression. However, comparison of the included studies was difficult, due to differences in relevant study characteristics and methodological limitations. CONCLUSIONS There are indications that dietary patterns may have influence on the onset of depression, but no firm conclusion can be drawn at this point. Further research is needed to clarify the diet-depression relationship, preferably in the form of methodological strong prospective studies using more homogeneous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Rahe
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, 48149, Münster, Germany,
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