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Radaelli M, Scalabrin E, Roman M, Buffa G, Griffante I, Capodaglio G. Characterization of Ancient Cereals Cultivated by Intensive and Organic Procedures for Element Content. Molecules 2024; 29:3645. [PMID: 39125049 PMCID: PMC11313877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
According to their nutritional value, their ability to adapt to the various environmental conditions, and their versatility, cereals are among the most cultivated plants in the world. However, the ongoing climate changes subject crops to important environmental stress that for some varieties leads to high production losses. Therefore, the selection of species and varieties that are more versatile and adaptable to different environmental conditions can be important. However, the characteristics of some cereals are not completely known; this is a priority before aiming to improve their cultivation. The aim of this study is to characterize select species that are potentially suitable for local environmental conditions and that possess nutritional value. The elemental composition was assessed in different cereal species grown following intensive and organic agriculture practices. Six species were grown for this study with techniques of intensive agriculture: Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum L., Triticum aestivum L., variety Verna, Triticum durum Desf., variety Senatore Cappelli, Triticum durum Desf., variety Claudio, and Avena strigosa Schreb.; four of these were also grown following organic procedures: Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum L., Triticum aestivum L., variety Verna, and Triticum durum Desf., variety Senatore Cappelli. The study considered twenty elements, including major nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, P, and S), seven micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn), and trace elements with toxic properties (Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Na, Rb, Sc, and Sr) that can be accumulated at the seed level. The results highlight the differences in the element concentrations in the cereal seeds in relation to the genus and species; the highest concentrations of the major nutrients appeared in T. monococcum; the concentrations were 6.9, 2.09, 7.2, and 2.9 mg/g for K, Mg, P, and S, respectively. The highest concentrations of certain micronutrients, B, Ca, Mo, and Se (16, 785, 3.69, and 0.34 μg/g), were in A. strigosa. There is also evidence that the element content can be affected by the adopted cultivation procedure; however, the effects of the growing procedure can be significantly different when different species are considered. T. monococcum, grown by an organic procedure, presented lower concentrations of the major nutrients, while it demonstrated a modest increase in the micronutrients in the T. durum variety organic S. Cappelli, and the production procedure did not affect the elemental composition of the T. aestivum variety Verna. The survey also highlights that the studied species and the growing procedure affected the capacity to accumulate and translocate trace hazardous elements for human health at the seed level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Radaelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.R.); (G.B.); (I.G.)
| | | | - Marco Roman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.R.); (G.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Gabriella Buffa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.R.); (G.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Irene Griffante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.R.); (G.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Gabriele Capodaglio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.R.); (G.B.); (I.G.)
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Leber R, Heuberger M, Widrig V, Jung E, Paux E, Keller B, Sánchez-Martín J. A diverse panel of 755 bread wheat accessions harbors untapped genetic diversity in landraces and reveals novel genetic regions conferring powdery mildew resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:88. [PMID: 38532180 PMCID: PMC10965746 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A bread wheat panel reveals rich genetic diversity in Turkish, Pakistani and Iranian landraces and novel resistance loci to diverse powdery mildew isolates via subsetting approaches in association studies. Wheat breeding for disease resistance relies on the availability and use of diverse genetic resources. More than 800,000 wheat accessions are globally conserved in gene banks, but they are mostly uncharacterized for the presence of resistance genes and their potential for agriculture. Based on the selective reduction of previously assembled collections for allele mining for disease resistance, we assembled a trait-customized panel of 755 geographically diverse bread wheat accessions with a focus on landraces, called the LandracePLUS panel. Population structure analysis of this panel based on the TaBW35K SNP array revealed an increased genetic diversity compared to 632 landraces genotyped in an earlier study and 17 high-quality sequenced wheat accessions. The additional genetic diversity found here mostly originated from Turkish, Iranian and Pakistani landraces. We characterized the LandracePLUS panel for resistance to ten diverse isolates of the fungal pathogen powdery mildew. Performing genome-wide association studies and dividing the panel further by a targeted subsetting approach for accessions of distinct geographical origin, we detected several known and already cloned genes, including the Pm2a gene. In addition, we identified 22 putatively novel powdery mildew resistance loci that represent useful sources for resistance breeding and for research on the mildew-wheat pathosystem. Our study shows the value of assembling trait-customized collections and utilizing a diverse range of pathogen races to detect novel loci. It further highlights the importance of integrating landraces of different geographical origins into future diversity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Leber
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Heuberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Widrig
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther Jung
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Paux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- VetAgro Sup Campus Agronomique, 63370, Lempdes, France
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Xue S, Wang H, Ma Y, Sun T, Wang Y, Meng F, Wang X, Yang Z, Zhang J, Du J, Li S, Li Z. Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene PmXNM in a Chinese wheat landrace Xiaonanmai. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:35. [PMID: 38286845 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Powdery mildew resistance gene PmXNM, originated from the Chinese wheat landrace Xiaonanmai, was delimited to a 300.7-kb interval enriched with resistance genes. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a globally devastating disease threatening the yield and quality of wheat worldwide. The use of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes from wheat landraces is an effective strategy to prevent this pathogen. Chinese wheat landrace Xiaonanmai (XNM) was immune to 23 tested Bgt isolates at the seedling stage. The F1, F2, and F2:4 progenies derived from the cross between XNM and Chinese Spring (CS) were used in this study. Genetic analysis revealed that powdery mildew resistance in XNM was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated PmXNM. Bulked segregant analysis and molecular mapping delimited PmXNM to the distal terminal region of chromosome 4AL flanked by markers caps213923 and kasp511718. The region carrying the PmXNM locus was approximately 300.7 kb and contained nine high-confidence genes according to the reference genome sequence of CS. Five of these genes, annotated as disease resistance RPP13-like proteins 1, were clustered in the target region. Haplotype analysis using the candidate gene-specific markers indicated that the majority of 267 common wheat accessions (75.3%) exhibited extensive gene losses at the PmXNM locus, as confirmed by aligning the targeted genome sequences of CS with those of other sequenced wheat cultivars. Seven candidate gene-specific markers have proven effective for marker-assisted introgression of PmXNM into modern elite cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yuyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Tiepeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xintian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jieli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jinxuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Suoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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Wang J, Xu H, Qie Y, Han R, Sun X, Zhao Y, Xiao B, Qian Z, Huang X, Liu R, Zhang J, Liu C, Jin Y, Ma P. Evaluation and identification of powdery mildew-resistant genes in 137 wheat relatives. Front Genet 2024; 15:1342239. [PMID: 38327832 PMCID: PMC10847533 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1342239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the most severe diseases affecting wheat yield and quality and is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). Host resistance is the preferred strategy to prevent this disease. However, the narrow genetic basis of common wheat has increased the demand for diversified germplasm resources against powdery mildew. Wheat relatives, especially the secondary gene pool of common wheat, are important gene donors in the genetic improvement of common wheat because of its abundant genetic variation and close kinship with wheat. In this study, a series of 137 wheat relatives, including 53 Triticum monococcum L. (2n = 2x = 14, AA), 6 T. urartu Thumanjan ex Gandilyan (2n = 2x = 14, AA), 9 T. timopheevii Zhuk. (2n = 4x = 28, AAGG), 66 T. aestivum subsp. spelta (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), and 3 Aegilops speltoides (2n = 2x = 14, SS) were systematically evaluated for their powdery mildew resistance and composition of Pm genes. Out of 137 (60.58%) accessions, 83 were resistant to Bgt isolate E09 at the seedling stage, and 116 of 137 (84.67%) wheat relatives were resistant to the mixture of Bgt isolates at the adult stage. This indicates that these accessions show a high level of resistance to powdery mildew. Some 31 markers for 23 known Pm genes were used to test these 137 accessions, and, in the results, only Pm2, Pm4, Pm6, Pm58, and Pm68 were detected. Among them, three Pm4 alleles (Pm4a, Pm4b, and Pm4f) were identified in 4 T. subsp. spelta accessions. q-RT PCR further confirmed that Pm4 alleles played a role in disease resistance in these four accessions. The phylogenetic tree showed that the kinship of Pm4 was close to Pm24 and Sr62. This study not only provides reference information and valuable germplasm resources for breeding new wheat varieties with disease resistance but also lays a foundation for enriching the genetic basis of wheat resistance to powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yanmin Qie
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Han
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Yantai, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Bei Xiao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zejun Qian
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiadong Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Wang B, Meng T, Xiao B, Yu T, Yue T, Jin Y, Ma P. Fighting wheat powdery mildew: from genes to fields. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:196. [PMID: 37606731 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Host resistance conferred by Pm genes provides an effective strategy to control powdery mildew. The study of Pm genes helps modern breeding develop toward more intelligent and customized. Powdery mildew of wheat is one of the most destructive diseases seriously threatening the crop yield and quality worldwide. The genetic research on powdery mildew (Pm) resistance has entered a new era. Many Pm genes from wheat and its wild and domesticated relatives have been mined and cloned. Meanwhile, modern breeding strategies based on high-throughput sequencing and genome editing are emerging and developing toward more intelligent and customized. This review highlights mining and cloning of Pm genes, molecular mechanism studies on the resistance and avirulence genes, and prospects for genomic-assisted breeding for powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Bei Xiao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Tianying Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Tingyan Yue
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Korchanová Z, Švec M, Janáková E, Lampar A, Majka M, Holušová K, Bonchev G, Juračka J, Cápal P, Valárik M. Identification, High-Density Mapping, and Characterization of New Major Powdery Mildew Resistance Loci From the Emmer Wheat Landrace GZ1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897697. [PMID: 35646009 PMCID: PMC9141293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat which significantly decreases yield and quality. Identification of new sources of resistance and their implementation in breeding programs is the most effective way of disease control. Two major powdery mildew resistance loci conferring resistance to all races in seedling and adult plant stages were identified in the emmer wheat landrace GZ1. Their positions, effects, and transferability were verified using two linkage maps (1,510 codominant SNP markers) constructed from two mapping populations (276 lines in total) based on the resistant GZ1 line. The dominant resistance locus QPm.GZ1-7A was located in a 90 cM interval of chromosome 7AL and explains up to 20% of the trait variation. The recessive locus QPm.GZ1-2A, which provides total resistance, explains up to 40% of the trait variation and was located in the distal part of chromosome 2AL. The locus was saturated with 14 PCR-based markers and delimited to a 0.99 cM region which corresponds to 4.3 Mb of the cv. Zavitan reference genome and comprises 55 predicted genes with no apparent candidate for the QPm.GZ1-2A resistance gene. No recessive resistance gene or allele was located at the locus before, suggesting the presence of a new powdery mildew resistance gene in the GZ1. The mapping data and markers could be used for the implementation of the locus in breeding. Moreover, they are an ideal base for cloning and study of host-pathogen interaction pathways determined by the resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Korchanová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Švec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Janáková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Adam Lampar
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Maciej Majka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kateřina Holušová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Georgi Bonchev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jakub Juračka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Cápal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Valárik
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
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Functional characterization of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172, a new Pm60 allele and its allelic variation in wild emmer wheat. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:787-795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hinterberger V, Douchkov D, Lück S, Kale S, Mascher M, Stein N, Reif JC, Schulthess AW. Mining for New Sources of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Genetic Resources of Winter Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836723. [PMID: 35300015 PMCID: PMC8922026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic pathogen control is an economical and sustainable alternative to the use of chemicals. In order to breed resistant varieties, information about potentially unused genetic resistance mechanisms is of high value. We phenotyped 8,316 genotypes of the winter wheat collection of the German Federal ex situ gene bank for Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, Germany, for resistance to powdery mildew (PM), Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, one of the most important biotrophic pathogens in wheat. To achieve this, we used a semi-automatic phenotyping facility to perform high-throughput detached leaf assays. This data set, combined with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) marker data, was used to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Alleles of significantly associated markers were compared with SNP profiles of 171 widely grown wheat varieties in Germany to identify currently unexploited resistance conferring genes. We also used the Chinese Spring reference genome annotation and various domain prediction algorithms to perform a domain enrichment analysis and produced a list of candidate genes for further investigation. We identified 51 significantly associated regions. In most of these, the susceptible allele was fixed in the tested commonly grown wheat varieties. Eleven of these were located on chromosomes for which no resistance conferring genes have been previously reported. In addition to enrichment of leucine-rich repeats (LRR), we saw enrichment of several domain types so far not reported as relevant to PM resistance, thus, indicating potentially novel candidate genes for the disease resistance research and prebreeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitar Douchkov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lück
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Sandip Kale
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen C. Reif
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Albert W. Schulthess
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- *Correspondence: Albert W. Schulthess
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Li Y, Wei ZZ, Fatiukha A, Jaiwar S, Wang H, Hasan S, Liu Z, Sela H, Krugman T, Fahima T. TdPm60 identified in wild emmer wheat is an ortholog of Pm60 and constitutes a strong candidate for PmG16 powdery mildew resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2777-2793. [PMID: 34104998 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We identified TdPm60 alleles from wild emmer wheat (WEW), an ortholog of Pm60 from T. urartu, which constitutes a strong candidate for PmG16 mildew resistance. Deployment of PmG16 in Israeli modern bread wheat cultivar Ruta improved the resistance to several local Bgt isolates. Wild emmer wheat (WEW), the tetraploid progenitor of durum and bread wheat, is a valuable genetic resource for resistance to powdery mildew fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). PmG16 gene, derived from WEW, confers high resistance to most tested Bgt isolates. We mapped PmG16 to a 1.4-cM interval between the flanking markers uhw386 and uhw390 on Chromosome 7AL. Based on gene annotation of WEW reference genome Zavitan_V1, 34 predicted genes were identified within the ~ 3.48-Mb target region. Six genes were annotated as associated with disease resistance, of which TRIDC7AG077150.1 was found to be highly similar to Pm60, previously cloned from Triticum urartu, and resides in the same syntenic region. The functional molecular marker (FMM) for Pm60 (M-Pm60-S1) co-segregated with PmG16, suggesting the Pm60 ortholog from WEW (designated here as TdPm60) as a strong candidate for PmG16. Sequence alignment identified only eight SNPs that differentiate between TdPm60 and TuPm60. Furthermore, TdPm60 was found to be present also in the WEW donor lines of the powdery mildew resistance genes MlIW172 and MlIW72, mapped to the same region of Chromosome 7AL as PmG16, suggesting that TdPm60 constitutes a candidate also for these genes. Furthermore, screening of additional 230 WEW accessions with Pm60 specific markers revealed 58 resistant accessions from the Southern Levant that harbored TdPm60, while none of the susceptible accessions showed the presence of this gene. Deployment of PmG16 in Israeli modern bread wheat cultivar Ruta conferred resistance against several local Bgt isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- The Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wei
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- The Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Agronomy, the Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Andrii Fatiukha
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- The Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Crop Developmental Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Samidha Jaiwar
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- The Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanchao Wang
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- The Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samiha Hasan
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- The Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hanan Sela
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
- The Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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Xue S, Lu M, Hu S, Xu H, Ma Y, Lu N, Bai S, Gu A, Wan H, Li S. Characterization of PmHHXM, a New Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Chinese Wheat Landrace Honghuaxiaomai. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2089-2096. [PMID: 33417497 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2296-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an agronomically important and widespread wheat disease causing severe yield losses. Deployment of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes is the preferred strategy to prevent this pathogen. Chinese wheat landrace Honghuaxiaomai (HHXM) was resistant to all 23 tested B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates at the seedling stage. The F1, F2, and F2:3 progenies derived from the cross HHXM × Yangmai 158 were used in this study, and genetic analysis revealed that a single dominant gene, designated PmHHXM, conferred resistance to B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09. Bulked segregant analysis and molecular mapping initially located PmHHXM to the distal region of chromosome 4AL. To fine map PmHHXM, we identified two critical recombinants from 592 F2 plants and delimited PmHHXM to a 0.18-cM Xkasp475200 to Xhnu552 interval covering 1.77 Mb, in which a number of disease resistance-related gene clusters were annotated. Comparative mapping of this interval revealed a perturbed synteny among Triticeae species. This study reports the new powdery mildew resistance gene PmHHXM, which seems different from three known quantitative trait loci/genes identified on chromosome 4AL and has significant values for further genetic improvement. Analysis of the polymorphisms of 13 cosegregating markers between HHXM and 170 modern wheat cultivars indicates that Xhnu227 and Xsts478700 developed here are ideal for marker-assisted introgression of this locus in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Mingxue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yuyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Aoyang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hongshen Wan
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas), Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Suoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
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11
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Desiderio F, Bourras S, Mazzucotelli E, Rubiales D, Keller B, Cattivelli L, Valè G. Characterization of the Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust Carried by the Bread Wheat Cultivar Victo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063109. [PMID: 33803699 PMCID: PMC8003046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf rust and powdery mildew are two important foliar diseases in wheat. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, obtained by crossing two bread wheat cultivars (‘Victo’ and ‘Spada’), was evaluated for resistance to the two pathogens at seedling stage. Upon developing a genetic map of 8726 SNP loci, linkage analysis identified three resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), with ‘Victo’ contributing the resistant alleles to all loci. One major QTL (QPm.gb-7A) was detected in response to Blumeria graminis on chromosome 7A, which explained 90% of phenotypic variation (PV). The co-positional relationship with known powdery mildew (Pm) resistance loci suggested that a new source of resistance was identified in T. aestivum. Two QTLs were detected in response to Puccinia triticina: a major gene on chromosome 5D (QLr.gb-5D), explaining a total PV of about 59%, and a minor QTL on chromosome 2B (QLr.gb-2B). A positional relationship was observed between the QLr.gb-5D with the known Lr1 gene, but polymorphisms were found between the cloned Lr1 and the corresponding ‘Victo’ allele, suggesting that QLr.gb-5D could represent a new functional Lr1 allele. Lastly, upon anchoring the QTL on the T. aestivum reference genome, candidate genes were hypothesized on the basis of gene annotation and in silico gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Desiderio
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (E.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-983758
| | - Salim Bourras
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (B.K.)
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (E.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (E.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Giampiero Valè
- DiSIT—Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
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Hewitt T, Müller MC, Molnár I, Mascher M, Holušová K, Šimková H, Kunz L, Zhang J, Li J, Bhatt D, Sharma R, Schudel S, Yu G, Steuernagel B, Periyannan S, Wulff B, Ayliffe M, McIntosh R, Keller B, Lagudah E, Zhang P. A highly differentiated region of wheat chromosome 7AL encodes a Pm1a immune receptor that recognizes its corresponding AvrPm1a effector from Blumeria graminis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2812-2826. [PMID: 33176001 PMCID: PMC8022591 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pm1a, the first powdery mildew resistance gene described in wheat, is part of a complex resistance (R) gene cluster located in a distal region of chromosome 7AL that has suppressed genetic recombination. A nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor gene was isolated using mutagenesis and R gene enrichment sequencing (MutRenSeq). Stable transformation confirmed Pm1a identity which induced a strong resistance phenotype in transgenic plants upon challenge with avirulent Blumeria graminis (wheat powdery mildew) pathogens. A high-density genetic map of a B. graminis family segregating for Pm1a avirulence combined with pathogen genome resequencing and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) identified AvrPm1a effector gene candidates. In planta expression identified an effector, with an N terminal Y/FxC motif, that induced a strong hypersensitive response when co-expressed with Pm1a in Nicotiana benthamiana. Single chromosome enrichment sequencing (ChromSeq) and assembly of chromosome 7A suggested that suppressed recombination around the Pm1a region was due to a rearrangement involving chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D. The cloning of Pm1a and its identification in a highly rearranged region of chromosome 7A provides insight into the role of chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of this complex resistance cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hewitt
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
| | - Marion C. Müller
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zürich8008Switzerland
| | - István Molnár
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 31Olomouc779 00Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mascher
- OT GaterslebenLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchCorrensstr. 3Stadt SeelandD‐06466Germany
| | - Kateřina Holušová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 31Olomouc779 00Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šimková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 31Olomouc779 00Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zürich8008Switzerland
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Jianbo Li
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
| | - Dhara Bhatt
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Raghvendra Sharma
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Seraina Schudel
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zürich8008Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | | | - Mick Ayliffe
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Robert McIntosh
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zürich8008Switzerland
| | - Evans Lagudah
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
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13
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Bhattarai K, Conesa A, Xiao S, Peres NA, Clark DG, Parajuli S, Deng Z. Sequencing and analysis of gerbera daisy leaf transcriptomes reveal disease resistance and susceptibility genes differentially expressed and associated with powdery mildew resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:539. [PMID: 33256589 PMCID: PMC7706040 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA sequencing has been widely used to profile genome-wide gene expression and identify candidate genes controlling disease resistance and other important traits in plants. Gerbera daisy is one of the most important flowers in the global floricultural trade, and powdery mildew (PM) is the most important disease of gerbera. Genetic improvement of gerbera PM resistance has become a crucial goal in gerbera breeding. A better understanding of the genetic control of gerbera resistance to PM can expedite the development of PM-resistant cultivars. RESULTS The objectives of this study were to identify gerbera genotypes with contrasting phenotypes in PM resistance and sequence and analyze their leaf transcriptomes to identify disease resistance and susceptibility genes differentially expressed and associated with PM resistance. An additional objective was to identify SNPs and SSRs for use in future genetic studies. We identified two gerbera genotypes, UFGE 4033 and 06-245-03, that were resistant and susceptible to PM, respectively. De novo assembly of their leaf transcriptomes using four complementary pipelines resulted in 145,348 transcripts with a N50 of 1124 bp, of which 67,312 transcripts contained open reading frames and 48,268 were expressed in both genotypes. A total of 494 transcripts were likely involved in disease resistance, and 17 and 24 transcripts were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in UFGE 4033 compared to 06-245-03. These gerbera disease resistance transcripts were most similar to the NBS-LRR class of plant resistance genes conferring resistance to various pathogens in plants. Four disease susceptibility transcripts (MLO-like) were expressed only or highly expressed in 06-245-03, offering excellent candidate targets for gene editing for PM resistance in gerbera. A total of 449,897 SNPs and 19,393 SSRs were revealed in the gerbera transcriptomes, which can be a valuable resource for developing new molecular markers. CONCLUSION This study represents the first transcriptomic analysis of gerbera PM resistance, a highly important yet complex trait in a globally important floral crop. The differentially expressed disease resistance and susceptibility transcripts identified provide excellent targets for development of molecular markers and genetic maps, cloning of disease resistance genes, or targeted mutagenesis of disease susceptibility genes for PM resistance in gerbera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Bhattarai
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA
| | - Ana Conesa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- University of Florida, Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- University of Maryland, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Natalia A Peres
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA
| | - David G Clark
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Saroj Parajuli
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA
| | - Zhanao Deng
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA.
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14
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Mapping Powdery Mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) Resistance in Wild and Cultivated Tetraploid Wheats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217910. [PMID: 33114422 PMCID: PMC7662567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the most widely grown crop and represents the staple food for one third of the world’s population. Wheat is attacked by a large variety of pathogens and the use of resistant cultivars is an effective and environmentally safe strategy for controlling diseases and eliminating the use of fungicides. In this study, a collection of wild and cultivated tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum) were evaluated for seedling resistance (SR) and adult plant resistance (APR) to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and genotyped with a 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to identify new sources of resistance genes. The genome-wide association mapping detected 18 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for APR and 8 QTL for SR, four of which were identical or at least closely linked to four QTL for APR. Thirteen candidate genes, containing nucleotide binding sites and leucine-rich repeats, were localized in the confidence intervals of the QTL-tagging SNPs. The marker IWB6155, associated to QPm.mgb-1AS, was located within the gene TRITD1Av1G004560 coding for a disease resistance protein. While most of the identified QTL were described previously, five QTL for APR (QPm.mgb-1AS, QPm.mgb-2BS, QPm.mgb-3BL.1, QPm.mgb-4BL, QPm.mgb-7BS.1) and three QTL for SR (QPm.mgb-3BL.3, QPm.mgb-5AL.2, QPm.mgb-7BS.2) were mapped on chromosome regions where no resistance gene was reported before. The novel QTL/genes can contribute to enriching the resistance sources available to breeders.
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15
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Lu N, Lu M, Liu P, Xu H, Qiu X, Hu S, Wu Y, Bai S, Wu J, Xue S. Fine Mapping a Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Chinese Landrace Datoumai, PmDTM, and Its Relationship with Pm24. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1709-1714. [PMID: 32289249 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2431-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a globally important wheat disease causing severe yield losses, and deployment of resistant varieties is the preferred choice for managing this disease. Chinese wheat landrace Datoumai was resistant to 22 of 23 Bgt isolates at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis based on the inoculation of Bgt isolate E09 on the F1, F2, and F2:3 populations derived from the cross Datoumai × Huixianhong revealed that the powdery mildew resistance of Datoumai is controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as PmDTM. Bulked segregant analysis and simple sequence repeat mapping with 200 F2 plants showed that PmDTM was located in the same genetic region as Pm24 on chromosome 1DS. To fine map PmDTM, 12 critical recombinants were identified from 1,192 F2 plants and delimited PmDTM to a 0.5-cM Xhnu58800 to Xhnu59000 interval covering 180.5 Kb (38,728,125 to 38,908,656 bp) on chromosome 1DS, and only one highly confident gene, TraesCS1D02G058900, was annotated within this region. TraesCS1D02G058900 encodes a receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase (STK), and a 6-bp deletion in exon 5 may confer the resistance to powdery mildew. Allele frequency analysis indicated that the STK allele with 6-bp deletion was only present in three landraces (Datoumai, Chiyacao [Pm24], and Hulutou) and was absent in all of the 353 Chinese modern cultivars and 147 foreign cultivars. These results demonstrate that PmDTM is mapped to the same locus as Pm24 and can be widely used to enhance powdery mildew resistance in wheat growing regions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
- Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory, Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shulin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
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16
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Re-Introduction of Ancient Wheat Cultivars into Organic Agriculture—Emmer and Einkorn Cultivation Experiences under Marginal Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12041584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Modern agriculture depends on the production of very few crop species, which provide lower nutritive value for consumers. The present work summarizes the results of a three-year experiment on hulled wheat varieties as potential candidates for food system diversification. The organic field cultivation tests with 10 emmer and five einkorn landraces and varieties were conducted on ~10m2 plots on sandy soil, and from 2017, under on-farm conditions in eastern Hungary. Most accessions adapted well to the marginal conditions, with some landraces even yielding higher than registered varieties—over 3 t per ha on average over three years. Compared to emmer, einkorn had higher maximum grain yields, but its yield performance varied more than that of emmer. Grain protein and the total phenolic content were high in both species. Compared to emmer, einkorn seeds exhibited a 3.8 times higher content of bound flavonoids and had 3.4 times higher antioxidant activity. Four einkorn accessions were resistant to leaf spot, as well as yellow and leaf rusts. Fusarium infected both species similarly. Our findings indicate that not only registered varieties of ancient wheat species but also their landraces can provide sustainable alternatives both for organic farmers and also for the diversification of agriculture.
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17
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Ullah KN, Li N, Shen T, Wang P, Tang W, Ma S, Zhang Z, Jia H, Kong Z, Ma Z. Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4e in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTA 2018; 248:1319-1328. [PMID: 30128601 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fine mapping of wheat powdery mildew-resistance gene Pm4e to a 0.19 cM interval with sequence-based markers provides the foundation for map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection with breeder-friendly markers. Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a wheat foliar disease that poses a serious threat to global wheat production. Pm4 is a resistance gene locus that has played a key role in controlling this disease in wheat production and a few resistance alleles of this locus have been identified. We have previously mapped the Pm4e allele to a 6.7 cM interval on chromosome 2AL. In this study, Pm4e was delimited to a 0.19 cM interval flanked by Xwgrc763 and Xwgrc865, through employment of a larger segregating population, derived from the cross of resistant parent D29 with susceptible parent Yangmai 158 (Y158), and enrichment of the genetic interval with markers developed on Chinese Spring (C.S.) survey sequence. In this interval, Pm4e co-segregated with a few markers, some of which were either D29-dominant or Y158-dominant, implying great sequence variation in the interval between D29 and Y158. Most of these co-segregation markers could not differentiate the Pm4 alleles from each other. Survey of 55 wheat cultivars with four co-dominant markers showed that the Pm4e-co-segregating loci always co-exist. Annotation of the Pm4e interval-corresponding C.S. sequence revealed more than a dozen resistance gene analogs clustered in a 2.4 Mb region, although C.S. is susceptible to the Pm4e-avirulent isolate Bgt2. This study has established the foundation for map-based cloning of Pm4e. Moreover, some of the co-dominant markers developed in this study could help in marker-assisted transfer of Pm4e into elite cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Nasr Ullah
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peisi Wang
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Tang
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengwei Ma
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhang
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongxin Kong
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqiang Ma
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Zou B, Ding Y, Liu H, Hua J. Silencing of copine genes confers common wheat enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1343-1352. [PMID: 28941084 PMCID: PMC6638117 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a major threat to the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). It is of great importance to identify new resistance genes for the generation of Bgt-resistant or Bgt-tolerant wheat varieties. Here, we show that the wheat copine genes TaBON1 and TaBON3 negatively regulate wheat disease resistance to Bgt. Two copies of TaBON1 and three copies of TaBON3, located on chromosomes 6AS, 6BL, 1AL, 1BL and 1DL, respectively, were identified from the current common wheat genome sequences. The expression of TaBON1 and TaBON3 is responsive to both pathogen infection and temperature changes. Knocking down of TaBON1 or TaBON3 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) induces the up-regulation of defence responses in wheat. These TaBON1- or TaBON3-silenced plants exhibit enhanced wheat disease resistance to Bgt, accompanied by greater accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and heightened cell death. In addition, high temperature has little effect on the up-regulation of defence response genes conferred by the silencing of TaBON1 or TaBON3. Our study shows a conserved function of plant copine genes in plant immunity and provides new genetic resources for the improvement of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China
| | - Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China
| | - Jian Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrated Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA
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19
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Tan C, Li G, Cowger C, Carver BF, Xu X. Characterization of Pm59, a novel powdery mildew resistance gene in Afghanistan wheat landrace PI 181356. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:1145-1152. [PMID: 29453526 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A new powdery mildew resistance gene, designated Pm59, was identified in Afghanistan wheat landrace PI 181356, and mapped in the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 7A. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. In the Great Plains of the USA, Bgt isolates virulent to widely used powdery mildew resistance genes, such as Pm3a, were previously identified. The objectives of this study were to characterize the powdery mildew resistance gene in Afghanistan landrace PI 181356, which exhibited high resistance to Bgt isolates collected in southern Great Plains, and identify molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. An F2 population and F2:3 lines derived from a cross between PI 181356 and OK1059060-126135-3 were used in this study. Genetic analysis indicated that PI 181356 carries a single dominant gene, designated Pm59, in the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 7A. Pm59 was mapped to an interval between sequence tag site (STS) markers Xmag1759 and Xmag1714 with genetic distances of 0.4 cM distal to Xmag1759 and 5.7 cM proximal to Xmag1714. Physical mapping suggested that Pm59 is in the distal bin 7AL 0.99-1.00. Pm59 is a novel powdery mildew resistance gene, and confers resistance to Bgt isolates collected from the Great Plains and the state of Montana. Therefore, Pm59 can be used to breed powdery mildew-resistant cultivars in these regions. Xmag1759 is ideal for marker-assisted selection of Pm59 in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Tan
- Wheat, Peanut, and Other Field Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Genqiao Li
- Wheat, Peanut, and Other Field Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
- Plant and Soil Science Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | - Brett F Carver
- Plant and Soil Science Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Wheat, Peanut, and Other Field Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA.
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20
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Li N, Jia H, Kong Z, Tang W, Ding Y, Liang J, Ma H, Ma Z. Identification and marker-assisted transfer of a new powdery mildew resistance gene at the Pm4 locus in common wheat. MOLECULAR BREEDING 2017; 37:79. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-017-0670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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21
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Bheema Lingeswara Reddy IN, Chandrasekhar K, Zewdu Y, Dinoor A, Keller B, Ben-David R. Identification and genetic mapping of PmAF7DS a powdery mildew resistance gene in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:1127-1137. [PMID: 26934890 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene PmAF7DS confers resistance to wheat powdery mildew (isolate Bgt#211 ); it was mapped to a 14.6-cM interval ( Xgwm350 a- Xbarc184 ) on chromosome 7DS. The flanking markers could be applied in MAS breeding. Wheat powdery mildew (Pm) is caused by the biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis tritici (DC.) (Bgt). An ongoing threat of breakdown of race-specific resistance to Pm requires a continuous effort to discover new alleles in the wheat gene pool. Developing new cultivars with improved disease resistance is an economically and environmentally safe approach to reduce yield losses. To identify and characterize genes for resistance against Pm in bread wheat we used the (Arina × Forno) RILs population. Initially, the two parental lines were screened with a collection of 61 isolates of Bgt from Israel. Three Pm isolates Bgt#210 , Bgt#211 and Bgt#213 showed differential reactions in the parents: Arina was resistant (IT = 0), whereas Forno was moderately susceptible (IT = -3). Isolate Bgt#211 was then used to inoculate the RIL population. The segregation pattern of plant reactions among the RILs indicates that a single dominant gene controls the conferred resistance. A genetic map of the region containing this gene was assembled with DNA markers and assigned to the 7D physical bin map. The gene, temporarily designated PmAF7DS, was located in the distal region of chromosome arm 7DS. The RILs were also inoculated with Bgt#210 and Bgt#213. The plant reactions to these isolates showed high identity with the reaction to Bgt#211, indicating the involvement of the same gene or closely linked, but distinct single genes. The genomic location of PmAF7DS, in light of other Pm genes on 7DS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Bheema Lingeswara Reddy
- Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Center, 5025000, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - K Chandrasekhar
- Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Center, 5025000, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Y Zewdu
- Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Center, 5025000, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - A Dinoor
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - B Keller
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Ben-David
- Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Center, 5025000, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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22
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Lv DW, Zhu GR, Zhu D, Bian YW, Liang XN, Cheng ZW, Deng X, Yan YM. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveals the response and defense mechanism in leaves of diploid wheat T. monococcum under salt stress and recovery. J Proteomics 2016; 143:93-105. [PMID: 27095598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Salinity is a major abiotic stress factor affecting crops production and productivity. Triticum monococcum is closely related to Triticum urartu (A(U)A(U)), which is used as a model plant of wheat A genome study. Here, salt stress induced dynamic proteome and phosphoproteome profiling was focused. The T. monococcum seedlings were initially treated with different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 80 to 320mM for 48h followed by a recovery process for 48h prior to proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis. As a result, a total of 81 spots corresponding to salt stress and recovery were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS from 2-DE gels. These proteins were mainly involved in regulatory, stress defense, protein folding/assembly/degradation, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, energy production and transportation, protein metabolism, and cell structure. Pro-Q Diamond staining was used to detect the phosphoproteins. Finally, 20 spots with different phosphorylation levels during salt treatment or recovery compared with controls were identified. A set of potential salt stress response and defense biomarkers was identified, such as cp31BHv, betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase 2, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1, which could lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of salt response and defense in food crops. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Soil salinity reduces the yield of the major crops, which is one of the severest problems in irrigated agriculture worldwide. However, how crops response and defense during different levels of salt treatment and recovery processes is still unclear, especially at the post-translational modification level. T. monococcum is a useful model for common wheat. Thus, proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of T. monococcum leaves were performed in our study, which provided novel insights into the underlying salt response and defense mechanisms in wheat and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wen Lv
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China; VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, 23298 Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Geng-Rui Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Wei Bian
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Na Liang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Cheng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Ming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, China.
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23
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Chhuneja P, Yadav B, Stirnweis D, Hurni S, Kaur S, Elkot AF, Keller B, Wicker T, Sehgal S, Gill BS, Singh K. Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance genes PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2 in Triticum boeoticum (Boiss.) using the shotgun sequence assembly of chromosome 7AL. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:2099-2111. [PMID: 26160336 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel powdery mildew resistance gene and a new allele of Pm1 were identified and fine mapped. DNA markers suitable for marker-assisted selection have been identified. Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat and causes significant yield losses worldwide. Diploid A genome species are an important genetic resource for disease resistance genes. Two powdery mildew resistance genes, identified in Triticum boeoticum (A(b)A(b)) accession pau5088, PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2 were mapped on chromosome 7AL. In the present study, shotgun sequence assembly data for chromosome 7AL were utilised for fine mapping of these Pm resistance genes. Forty SSR, 73 resistance gene analogue-based sequence-tagged sites (RGA-STS) and 36 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were designed for fine mapping of PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2. Twenty-one RGA-STS, 8 SSR and 13 SNP markers were mapped to 7AL. RGA-STS markers Ta7AL-4556232 and 7AL-4426363 were linked to the PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2, at a genetic distance of 0.6 and 6.0 cM, respectively. The present investigation established that PmTb7A.1 is a new powdery mildew resistance gene that confers resistance to a broad range of Bgt isolates, whereas PmTb7A.2 most probably is a new allele of Pm1 based on chromosomal location and screening with Bgt isolates showing differential reaction on lines with different Pm1 alleles. The markers identified to be linked to the two Pm resistance genes are robust and can be used for marker-assisted introgression of these genes to hexaploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
| | - Bharat Yadav
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
| | - Daniel Stirnweis
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severine Hurni
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
| | - Ahmed Fawzy Elkot
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Beat Keller
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sunish Sehgal
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007, USA
| | - Bikram S Gill
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India.
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24
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Elkot AFA, Chhuneja P, Kaur S, Saluja M, Keller B, Singh K. Marker Assisted Transfer of Two Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2 from Triticum boeoticum (Boiss.) to Triticum aestivum (L.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128297. [PMID: 26066332 PMCID: PMC4466026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the important wheat diseases, worldwide. Two PM resistance genes, designated as PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2, were identified in T. boeoticum acc. pau5088 and mapped on chromosome 7AL approximately 48cM apart. Two resistance gene analogue (RGA)-STS markers Ta7AL-4556232 and 7AL-4426363 were identified to be linked to the PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2, at a distance of 0.6cM and 6.0cM, respectively. In the present study, following marker assisted selection (MAS), the two genes were transferred to T. aestivum using T. durum as bridging species. As many as 12,317 florets of F1 of the cross T. durum /T. boeoticum were pollinated with T. aestivum lines PBW343-IL and PBW621 to produce 61 and 65 seeds, respectively, of three-way F1. The resulting F1s of the cross T. durum/T. boeoticum//T. aestivum were screened with marker flanking both the PM resistance genes PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2 (foreground selection) and the selected plants were backcrossed to generate BC1F1. Marker assisted selection was carried both in BC1F1 and the BC2F1 generations. Introgression of alien chromatin in BC2F1 plants varied from 15.4-62.9 percent. Out of more than 110 BC2F1 plants showing introgression for markers linked to the two PM resistance genes, 40 agronomically desirable plants were selected for background selection for the carrier chromosome to identify the plants with minimum of the alien introgression. Cytological analysis showed that most plants have chromosome number ranging from 40-42. The BC2F2 plants homozygous for the two genes have been identified. These will be crossed to generate lines combining both the PM resistance genes but with minimal of the alien introgression. The PM resistance gene PmTb7A.1 maps in a region very close to Sr22, a stem rust resistance gene effective against the race Ug99. Analysis of selected plants with markers linked to Sr22 showed introgression of Sr22 from T. boeoticum in several BC2F1 plants. Thus, in addition to PM resistance, these progeny might also carry resistance to stem rust race Ug99.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
| | - Manny Saluja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
| | - Beat Keller
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India
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25
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Cao W, Fu B, Wu K, Li N, Zhou Y, Gao Z, Lin M, Li G, Wu X, Ma Z, Jia H. Construction and characterization of three wheat bacterial artificial chromosome libraries. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21896-912. [PMID: 25464379 PMCID: PMC4284684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have constructed three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries of wheat cultivar Triticum aestivum Wangshuibai, germplasms T. monococcum TA2026 and TA2033. A total of 1,233,792,170,880 and 263,040 clones were picked and arrayed in 384-well plates. On the basis of genome sizes of 16.8 Gb for hexaploid wheat and 5.6 Gb for diploid wheat, the three libraries represented 9.05-, 2.60-, and 3.71-fold coverage of the haploid genomes, respectively. An improved descending pooling system for BAC libraries screening was established. This improved strategy can save 80% of the time and 68% of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the same successful rate as the universal 6D pooling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Bisheng Fu
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhongxia Gao
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Musen Lin
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guoqiang Li
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xinyi Wu
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhengqiang Ma
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Haiyan Jia
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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26
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Ouyang S, Zhang D, Han J, Zhao X, Cui Y, Song W, Huo N, Liang Y, Xie J, Wang Z, Wu Q, Chen YX, Lu P, Zhang DY, Wang L, Sun H, Yang T, Keeble-Gagnere G, Appels R, Doležel J, Ling HQ, Luo M, Gu Y, Sun Q, Liu Z. Fine physical and genetic mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172 originating from wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides). PLoS One 2014; 9:e100160. [PMID: 24955773 PMCID: PMC4067302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world. In this study, a single dominant powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW172 was identified in the IW172 wild emmer accession and mapped to the distal region of chromosome arm 7AL (bin7AL-16-0.86-0.90) via molecular marker analysis. MlIW172 was closely linked with the RFLP probe Xpsr680-derived STS marker Xmag2185 and the EST markers BE405531 and BE637476. This suggested that MlIW172 might be allelic to the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1. By screening genomic BAC library of durum wheat cv. Langdon and 7AL-specific BAC library of hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring, and after analyzing genome scaffolds of Triticum urartu containing the marker sequences, additional markers were developed to construct a fine genetic linkage map on the MlIW172 locus region and to delineate the resistance gene within a 0.48 cM interval. Comparative genetics analyses using ESTs and RFLP probe sequences flanking the MlIW172 region against other grass species revealed a general co-linearity in this region with the orthologous genomic regions of rice chromosome 6, Brachypodium chromosome 1, and sorghum chromosome 10. However, orthologous resistance gene-like RGA sequences were only present in wheat and Brachypodium. The BAC contigs and sequence scaffolds that we have developed provide a framework for the physical mapping and map-based cloning of MlIW172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Agriculture University of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naxin Huo
- USDA-ARS West Regional Research Center, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institutes of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tsomin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rudi Appels
- Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institutes of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yongqiang Gu
- USDA-ARS West Regional Research Center, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Marone D, Russo MA, Laidò G, De Vita P, Papa R, Blanco A, Gadaleta A, Rubiales D, Mastrangelo AM. Genetic basis of qualitative and quantitative resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: from consensus regions to candidate genes. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:562. [PMID: 23957646 PMCID: PMC3765315 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify the wheat genomic regions that are involved in the control of powdery mildew resistance through a quantitative trait loci (QTL) meta-analysis approach. This meta-analysis allows the use of collected QTL data from different published studies to obtain consensus QTL across different genetic backgrounds, thus providing a better definition of the regions responsible for the trait, and the possibility to obtain molecular markers that will be suitable for marker-assisted selection. Results Five QTL for resistance to powdery mildew were identified under field conditions in the durum-wheat segregating population Creso × Pedroso. An integrated map was developed for the projection of resistance genes/ alleles and the QTL from the present study and the literature, and to investigate their distribution in the wheat genome. Molecular markers that correspond to candidate genes for plant responses to pathogens were also projected onto the map, particularly considering NBS-LRR and receptor-like protein kinases. More than 80 independent QTL and 51 resistance genes from 62 different mapping populations were projected onto the consensus map using the Biomercator statistical software. Twenty-four MQTL that comprised 2–6 initial QTL that had widely varying confidence intervals were found on 15 chromosomes. The co-location of the resistance QTL and genes was investigated. Moreover, from analysis of the sequences of DArT markers, 28 DArT clones mapped on wheat chromosomes have been shown to be associated with the NBS-LRR genes and positioned in the same regions as the MQTL for powdery mildew resistance. Conclusions The results from the present study provide a detailed analysis of the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. The study of the Creso × Pedroso durum-wheat population has revealed some QTL that had not been previously identified. Furthermore, the analysis of the co-localization of resistance loci and functional markers provides a large list of candidate genes and opens up a new perspective for the fine mapping and isolation of resistance genes, and for the marker-assisted improvement of resistance in wheat.
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Fu B, Chen Y, Li N, Ma H, Kong Z, Zhang L, Jia H, Ma Z. PmX: a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene at the Pm4 locus identified in wheat landrace Xiaohongpi. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:913-921. [PMID: 23400828 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat and imposes a constant challenge on wheat breeders. Xiaohongpi, a Chinese landrace of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), shows resistance to powdery mildew during the entire growth stage in the field and under controlled conditions. The F1 plants from cross of the powdery mildew susceptible cultivar Yangmai158 with Xiaohongpi were susceptible to isolate Bgt19, the locally most prevalent Bgt isolate. In the derived F2 population and F3 progenies, the resistance segregation deviated significantly from the one-gene Mendelian ratio. However, marker analysis indicated that only one recessive gene conferred the resistance, which co-segregated with Xsts-bcd1231 that showed co-segregation with Pm4a in different studies. Allelism test indicated that this recessive resistance gene, designated as pmX, is either allelic or tightly linked to Pm4a. The pmX gene was different from Pm4 alleles in resistance spectrum. Examination of the genotype frequencies at pmX and the linked marker loci in the F2 population showed that a genetic variation favoring the transmission of Xiaohongpi alleles could be the cause of deviated segregation. Mapping of the pmX-linked markers using Chinese Spring deletion lines indicated that it resides in the 0.85-1.00 bin of chromosome 2AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisheng Fu
- The Applied Plant Genomics Lab, Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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29
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Gao H, Zhu F, Jiang Y, Wu J, Yan W, Zhang Q, Jacobi A, Cai S. Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a new powdery mildew resistant gene Pm46 in common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 125:967-73. [PMID: 22660629 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), has become a serious disease and caused severe yield losses in the wheat production worldwide. Resistance gene(s) in wheat cultivars can be quickly overcome by newly evolved pathogen races when these genes are employed for long time or in a large area. It is urgent to search for new sources of resistance to be used in wheat breeding. Tabasco is a German resistant cultivar and a new source of resistance gene(s) to PM. An F(2) population was developed from a cross between Tabasco and a Chinese susceptible cultivar Ningnuo 1. Infection types in 472 F(2) plants and 436 F(2-3) families were evaluated by inoculating plants with isolate Bgt19. Results showed that a single dominant gene, designed Pm46, controlled powdery mildew resistance in Tabasco. This gene was located to the short arm of chromosome 5D (5DS) and flanked by simple sequence repeat markers Xgwm205 and Xcfd81 at 18.9 cM apart. Because another resistance gene Pm2 was also located on 5DS, 15 Bgt isolates were used to inoculate Tabasco and Ulka/8*Cc (Pm2 carrier). The results showed that Tabasco was highly resistant to all of the 15 isolates tested, while Ulka/8*Cc was susceptible to 4 of the isolates, suggesting that Tabasco may carry resistant gene(s) different from Pm2 gene in Ulka/8*Cc. To test the allelism between Pm46 and Pm2, an F(2) population between Tabasco and Ulka/8*Cc was developed. Isolate Bgt2, avirulent to both parents, was used to evaluate the F(2) population and two susceptible plants were identified from 536 progenies with F(2) plants. This result indicated that Pm46 is not allelic to Pm2. Therefore, Pm46 is a new gene for PM resistance identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Gao
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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30
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Chhuneja P, Kumar K, Stirnweis D, Hurni S, Keller B, Dhaliwal HS, Singh K. Identification and mapping of two powdery mildew resistance genes in Triticum boeoticum L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 124:1051-1058. [PMID: 22198205 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the important foliar diseases of wheat that can cause serious yield losses. Breeding for cultivars with diverse resources of resistance is the most promising approach for combating this disease. The diploid A genome progenitor species of wheat are an important resource for new variability for disease resistance genes. An accession of Triticum boeoticum (A(b)A(b)) showed resistance against a number of Bgt isolates, when tested using detached leaf segments. Inheritance studies in a recombinant inbred line population (RIL), developed from crosses of PM resistant T. boeoticum acc. pau5088 with a PM susceptible T. monococcum acc. pau14087, indicated the presence of two powdery mildew resistance genes in T. boeoticum acc. pau5088. Analysis of powdery mildew infection and molecular marker data of the RIL population revealed that both powdery mildew resistance genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Mapping was conducted using an integrated linkage map of 7A consisting of SSR, RFLP, STS, and DArT markers. These powdery mildew resistance genes are tentatively designated as PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2. The PmTb7A.2 is closely linked to STS markers MAG2185 and MAG1759 derived from RFLP probes which are linked to powdery mildew resistance gene Pm1. This indicated that PmTb7A.2 might be allelic to Pm1. The PmTb7A.1, flanked by a DArT marker wPt4553 and an SSR marker Xcfa2019 in a 4.3 cM interval, maps proximal to PmT7A.2. PmTb7A.1 is putatively a new powdery mildew resistance gene. The powdery mildew resistance genes from T. boeoticum are currently being transferred to cultivated wheat background through marker-assisted backcrossing, using T. durum as bridging species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Ma H, Kong Z, Fu B, Li N, Zhang L, Jia H, Ma Z. Identification and mapping of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 6D of common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 123:1099-106. [PMID: 21755339 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious wheat diseases. The rapid evolution of the pathogen's virulence, due to the heavy use of resistance genes, necessitates the expansion of resistance gene diversity. The common wheat line D57 is highly resistant to powdery mildew. A genetic analysis using an F(2) population derived from the cross of D57 with the susceptible cultivar Yangmai 158 and the derived F(2:3) lines indicated that D57 carries two dominant powdery mildew resistance genes. Based on mapping information of polymorphic markers identified by bulk segregant analysis, these two genes were assigned to chromosomes 5DS and 6DS. Using the F(2:3) lines that segregated in a single-gene mode, closely linked PCR-based markers were identified for both genes, and their chromosome assignments were confirmed through linkage mapping. The gene on chromosome 5DS was flanked by Xgwm205 and Xmag6176, with a genetic distance of 8.3 cM and 2.8 cM, respectively. This gene was 3.3 cM from a locus mapped by the STS marker MAG6137, converted from the RFLP marker BCD1871, which was 3.5 cM from Pm2. An evaluation with 15 pathogen isolates indicated that this gene and Pm2 were similar in their resistance spectra. The gene on chromosome 6DS was flanked by co-segregating Xcfd80 and Xmag6139 on one side and Xmag6140 on the other, with a genetic distance of 0.7 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. This is the first powdery mildew resistance gene identified on chromosome 6DS, and plants that carried this gene were highly resistant to all of the 15 tested pathogen isolates. This gene was designated Pm45. The new resistance gene in D57 could easily be transferred to elite cultivars due to its common wheat origin and the availability of closely linked molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Ma
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre and National Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Ben-David R, Xie W, Peleg Z, Saranga Y, Dinoor A, Fahima T. Identification and mapping of PmG16, a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 121:499-510. [PMID: 20407741 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The gene-pool of wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, harbors a rich allelic repertoire for disease resistance. In the current study, we made use of tetraploid wheat mapping populations derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. Langdon) and wild emmer (accession G18-16) to identify and map a new powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer wheat. Initially, the two parental lines were screened with a collection of 42 isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) from Israel and 5 isolates from Switzerland. While G18-16 was resistant to 34 isolates, Langdon was resistant only to 5 isolates and susceptible to 42 isolates. Isolate Bgt#15 was selected to differentiate between the disease reactions of the two genotypes. Segregation ratio of F(2-3) and recombinant inbreed line (F(7)) populations to inoculation with isolate Bgt#15 indicated the role of a single dominant gene in conferring resistance to Bgt#15. This gene, temporarily designated PmG16, was located on the distal region of chromosome arm 7AL. Genetic map of PmG16 region was assembled with 32 simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence tag site (STS), Diversity array technology (DArT) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers and assigned to the 7AL physical bin map (7AL-16). Using four DNA markers we established colinearity between the genomic region spanning the PmG16 locus within the distal region of chromosome arm 7AL and the genomic regions on rice chromosome 6 and Brachypodium Bd1. A comparative analysis was carried out between PmG16 and other known Pm genes located on chromosome arm 7AL. The identified PmG16 may facilitate the use of wild alleles for improvement of powdery mildew resistance in elite wheat cultivars via marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Ben-David
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, The Institute of Evolution, Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel
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Maxwell JJ, Lyerly JH, Cowger C, Marshall D, Brown-Guedira G, Murphy JP. MlAG12: a Triticum timopheevii-derived powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat on chromosome 7AL. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 119:1489-1495. [PMID: 19760389 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew is an economically important disease in cool and humid environments. Powdery mildew causes yield losses as high as 48% through a reduction in tiller survival, kernels per head, and kernel size. Race-specific host resistance is the most consistent, environmentally friendly and, economical method of control. The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm line NC06BGTAG12 possesses genetic resistance to powdery mildew introgressed from the AAGG tetraploid genome Triticum timopheevii subsp. armeniacum. Phenotypic evaluation of F(3) families derived from the cross NC06BGTAG12/'Jagger' and phenotypic evaluation of an F(2) population from the cross NC06BGTAG12/'Saluda' indicated that resistance to the 'Yuma' isolate of powdery mildew was controlled by a single dominant gene in NC06BGTAG12. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) revealed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific for chromosome 7AL segregating with the resistance gene. The SSR markers Xwmc273 and Xwmc346 mapped 8.3 cM distal and 6.6 cM proximal, respectively, in NC06BGTAG12/Jagger. The multiallelic Pm1 locus maps to this region of chromosome 7AL. No susceptible phenotypes were observed in an evaluation of 967 F(2) individuals in the cross NC06BGTAG12/'Axminster' (Pm1a) which indicated that the NC06BGTAG12 resistance gene was allelic or in close linkage with the Pm1 locus. A detached leaf test with ten differential powdery mildew isolates indicated the resistance in NC06BGTAG12 was different from all designated alleles at the Pm1 locus. Further linkage and allelism tests with five other temporarily designated genes in this very complex region will be required before giving a permanent designation to this gene. At this time the gene is given the temporary gene designation MlAG12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judd J Maxwell
- Department of Crop Science, USDA-ARS Plant Sciences Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Xu H, Yao G, Xiong L, Yang L, Jiang Y, Fu B, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Ma Z. Identification and mapping of pm2026: a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene in an einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) accession. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 117:471-7. [PMID: 18504540 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Triticum monococcum accession TA2026 showed resistance to wheat powdery mildew. To identify the resistance gene and transfer it to common wheat, genetic analysis and molecular mapping were conducted using an F2 population and derived F3 families from the cross of TA2026xM389. The results indicated that TA2026 possessed a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene. This gene was mapped to the terminal portion of chromosome 5AmL and flanked by SSR marker loci Xcfd39 and Xgwm126. Eight RFLP markers previously mapped to the terminal chromosome 5AmL were converted into STS markers. Three loci, detected by MAG1491, MAG1493 and MAG1494, the STS markers derived from RFLP probes CDO1312, PSR164 and PSR1201, respectively, were linked to this resistance gene with Xmag1493 only 0.9 cM apart from it. In addition, the STS marker MAG2170 developed from the tentative consensus wheat cDNA encoding the Mlo-like protein identified a locus co-segregating with Xmag1493. This is the first recessive powdery mildew resistance gene identified on chromosome 5Am, and is temporarily designated pm2026. We have successfully transferred it to a tetraploid background, and this resistance stock will now be used as the bridge parent for its transfer to common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Xu
- The Applied Plant Genomics Lab, Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Chhuneja P, Kaur S, Garg T, Ghai M, Kaur S, Prashar M, Bains NS, Goel RK, Keller B, Dhaliwal HS, Singh K. Mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance genes in diploid A genome wheat species and their transfer to bread wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 116:313-324. [PMID: 17989954 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis West. f.sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. Forty genes for stripe rust resistance have been catalogued so far, but the majority of them are not effective against emerging pathotypes. Triticum monococcum and T. boeoticum have excellent levels of resistance to rusts, but so far, no stripe rust resistance gene has been identified or transferred from these species. A set of 121 RILs generated from a cross involving T. monococcum (acc. pau14087) and T. boeoticum (acc. pau5088) was screened for 3 years against a mixture of pathotypes under field conditions. The parental accessions were susceptible to all the prevalent pathotypes at the seedling stage, but resistant at the adult plant stage. Genetic analysis of the RIL population revealed the presence of two genes for stripe rust resistance, with one gene each being contributed by each of the parental lines. A linkage map with 169 SSR and RFLP loci generated from a set of 93 RILs was used for mapping these resistance genes. Based on phenotypic data for 3 years and the pooled data, two QTLs, one each in T. monococcum acc. pau14087 and T. boeoticum acc. pau5088, were detected for resistance in the RIL population. The QTL in T. monococcum mapped on chromosome 2A in a 3.6 cM interval between Xwmc407 and Xwmc170, whereas the QTL from T. boeoticum mapped on 5A in 8.9 cM interval between Xbarc151 and Xcfd12 and these were designated as QYrtm.pau-2A and QYrtb.pau-5A, respectively. Based on field data for 3 years, their R2 values were 14 and 24%, respectively. T. monococcum acc. pau14087 and three resistant RILs were crossed to hexaploid wheat cvs WL711 and PBW343, using T. durum as a bridging species with the objective of transferring these genes into hexaploid wheat. The B genome of T. durum suppressed resistance in the F1 plants, but with subsequent backcrossing one resistance gene could be transferred from one of the RILs to the hexaploid wheat background. This gene was derived from T. boeoticum acc. pau5088 as indicated by co-introgression of T. boeoticum sequences linked to stripe rust resistance QTL, QYrtb.pau-5A. Homozygous resistant progenies with 40-42 chromosomes have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Chhuneja
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India.
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Perugini LD, Murphy JP, Marshall D, Brown-Guedira G. Pm37, a new broadly effective powdery mildew resistance gene from Triticum timopheevii. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 116:417-25. [PMID: 18092148 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is an important foliar disease in wheat, especially in areas with a cool or maritime climate. A dominant powdery mildew resistance gene transferred to the hexaploid germplasm line NC99BGTAG11 from T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum was mapped distally on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Differential reactions were observed between the resistance gene in NC99BGTAG11 and the alleles of the Pm1 locus that is also located on chromosome arm 7AL. Observed segregation in F2:3 lines from the cross NC99BGTAG11xAxminster (Pm1a) demonstrate that germplasm line NC99BGTAG11 carries a novel powdery mildew resistance gene, which is now designated as Pm37. This new gene is highly effective against all powdery mildew isolates tested so far. Analyses of the population with molecular markers indicate that Pm37 is located 16 cM proximal to the Pm1 complex. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Xgwm332 and Xwmc790 were located 0.5 cM proximal and distal, respectively, to Pm37. In order to identify new markers in the region, wheat expressed sequence tags (ESTs) located in the distal 10% of 7AL that were orthologous to sequences from chromosome 6 of rice were targeted. The two new EST-derived STS markers were located distal to Pm37 and one marker was closely linked to the Pm1a region. These new markers can be used in marker-assisted selection schemes to develop wheat cultivars with pyramids of powdery mildew resistance genes, including combinations of Pm37 in coupling linkage with alleles of the Pm1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Perugini
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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