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Li X, Ahmad AM, Zhong Y, Ding L, Blennow A, Fettke J. Starch phosphorylation regulates starch granule morphological homogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2600-2615. [PMID: 38060678 PMCID: PMC10980398 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Starch granule morphological homogeneity presents a gap in starch research. Transitory starch granules in wild-type plants are discoid, regardless of species. Notably, while the shape of starch granules can differ among mutants, it typically remains homogeneous within a genotype. We found an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, dpe2sex4, lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and glucan phosphatase SEX4, showing an unprecedented bimodal starch granule diameter distribution when grown under a light/dark rhythm. dpe2sex4 contained 2 types of starch granules: large granules and small granules. In contrast to the double starch initiation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm, where A-type granules are initiated first and B-type granules are initiated later, dpe2sex4 small and large granules developed simultaneously in the same chloroplast. Compared with the large granules, the small granules had more branched amylopectin and less surface starch-phosphate, thus having a more compact structure that may hinder starch synthesis. During plant aging, the small granules barely grew. In in vitro experiments, fewer glucosyl residues were incorporated in small granules. Under continuous light, dpe2sex4 starch granules were morphologically homogeneous. Omitting the dark phase after a 2-wk light/dark cycle by moving plants into continuous light also reduced morphological variance between these 2 types of granules. These data shed light on the impact of starch phosphorylation on starch granule morphology homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
| | - Abubakar Musa Ahmad
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
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2
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Li C, Dhital S, Gidley MJ. High amylose wheat foods: A new opportunity to improve human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Zhong Y, Qu JZ, Liu X, Ding L, Liu Y, Bertoft E, Petersen BL, Hamaker BR, Hebelstrup KH, Blennow A. Different genetic strategies to generate high amylose starch mutants by engineering the starch biosynthetic pathways. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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4
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Kamwilaisak K, Rittiwut K, Jutakridsada P, Iamamorphanth W, Pimsawat N, Knijnenburg JTN, Theerakulpisut S. Rheology, stability, antioxidant properties, and curcumin release of oil-in-water Pickering emulsions stabilized by rice starch nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:370-380. [PMID: 35691427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Modification of rice starch nanoparticles (SNP) as an emulsifier in Pickering emulsions is reported in this work. The SNP was prepared by HCl hydrolysis with different resident times and subsequently modified via crosslinking by citric acid using various crosslinking times to improve the hydrophobicity of SNP. The modified SNP was used to prepare sunflower oil-in-water Pickering emulsions loaded with curcumin. The optimal hydrolysis conditions (2.2 M HCl, 6 days) produced SNP with a 21.87 ± 0.69 % yield and 45.56 ± 0.00 % crystallinity. The citric acid-modified SNP with a 6-h crosslinking period (SNP-M-6 h) had a water contact angle of 87.2°. The suitable Pickering emulsion containing 30 wt% curcumin-loaded sunflower oil was stabilized by 3.0 wt% SNP-M-6 h. This Pickering emulsion had shear thinning properties with a pseudoplastic fluid behavior and was characterized by a droplet size of 47.16 ± 4.22 μm with a high degree of stability over five weeks of storage. Furthermore, the curcumin release from the emulsion depended on the pH, and curcumin could maintain its free radical scavenging quality. A very beneficial property of the Pickering emulsion is that it can slowly release curcumin at low pH, but more rapid release at higher pH, making it a potentially excellent candidate for drug delivery through oral intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanita Kamwilaisak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Sustainable infrastructure Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand..
| | - Kanokwan Rittiwut
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pasakorn Jutakridsada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wimonporn Iamamorphanth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nutsupa Pimsawat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jesper T N Knijnenburg
- Biodiversity and Environmental Management Division, International College, Khon Kaen University. Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somnuk Theerakulpisut
- EMCO (Energy management and conservation office), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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5
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Alsamadany H, Ahmed Z, Alzahrani Y. Determinants of resistant starch accumulation in wheat endosperm. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103310. [PMID: 36313385 PMCID: PMC9614566 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A part of the big three cereal crops in the world, wheat has become a major constituent of the everyday food chain and is grown at a massive scale to meet global demands. This makes it an important crop from an economic as well as food security perspective. Selection of high-quality cultivars and consistent trait enhancement for such cultivars is crucial, and in light of new challenges from climate change, this has become an absolute necessity of time. In this regard, we conducted a detailed qualitative and quantitative trait analysis for multiple commercially viable varieties of wheat, and corresponding results were subjected to a series of critical statistical analyses. Final results have shown that five cultivars including Uqaab-2000, Faisalabad- 85, Anmol-19, NARC-2009, and Pirsabak-2004 depicts higher levels of various essential qualitative and quantitative traits (including Starch content, grain weight, RS content, Protein content, etc.) and are most viable varieties for further growth and trait enhancements to meet regional and global food challenges.
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6
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Wu L, Jia B, Pei W, Wang L, Ma J, Wu M, Song J, Yang S, Xin Y, Huang L, Feng P, Zhang J, Yu J. Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis and Identification of Candidate Genes Affecting Seed Size and Shape in an Interspecific Backcross Inbred Line Population of Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837984. [PMID: 35392518 PMCID: PMC8981304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed size and shape are key agronomic traits affecting seedcotton yield and seed quality in cotton (Gossypium spp.). However, the genetic mechanisms that regulate the seed physical traits in cotton are largely unknown. In this study, an interspecific backcross inbred line (BIL) population of 250 BC1F7 lines, derived from the recurrent parent Upland CRI36 (Gossypium hirsutum) and Hai7124 (Gossypium barbadense), was used to investigate the genetic basis of cotton seed physical traits via quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and candidate gene identification. The BILs were tested in five environments, measuring eight seed size and shape-related traits, including 100-kernel weight, kernel length width and their ratio, kernel area, kernel girth, kernel diameter, and kernel roundness. Based on 7,709 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers, a total of 49 QTLs were detected and each explained 2.91-35.01% of the phenotypic variation, including nine stable QTLs mapped in at least three environments. Based on pathway enrichment, gene annotation, genome sequence, and expression analysis, five genes encoding starch synthase 4, transcription factor PIF7 and MYC4, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E27, and THO complex subunit 4A were identified as candidate genes that might be associated with seed size and shape. Our research provides valuable information to improve seed physical traits in cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Bing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jianjiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jikun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuxian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Pan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Jiwen Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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7
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Inokuma T, Vrinten P, Shimbata T, Sunohara A, Fujita M, Nakamura K, Ishikawa N, Takata K, Kiribuchi-Otobe C, Nakamura T. Longer Bread Shelf-Life and Improved Noodle-Making Properties Imparted by a Novel Wheat Genotype Are Stable in Different Genetic Backgrounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2271-2278. [PMID: 33567823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed wheat variety, known as 5-5 wheat, which has inactive GBSSI-B1, GBSSI-D1, SSIIa-B1, and SSIIa-D1 isozymes, accumulates a novel type of starch, affecting bread texture and leading to reduction in bread staling. These properties are potentially useful for commercial bakery products; thus, the 5-5 genotype represents a new resource for wheat breeding. In this study, the 5-5 alleles were backcrossed into the hard wheat variety "Minaminokaori" and the soft wheat variety "Shirogane-Komugi", which are both leading Japanese wheat varieties. In comparison to their parental varieties, the two 5-5 near-isogenic lines (NILs) showed a decrease in amylose levels, an increase in the proportion of short chains of amylopectin, a lower gelatinization temperature and enthalpy change, a higher peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity as measured by a Rapid Visco Analyzer, a reduced retrogradation rate, and an increase in grain hardness. Importantly, the 5-5 NILs also showed lower bread crumb firmness and reduced hardening after storage for 2 days at either 20 °C or 7 °C. Considering the results obtained here along with those from the original line, it is clear that the 5-5 genotype can generate specific changes in starch characteristics and staling regardless of its genetic background. Thus, we renamed the 5-5 wheat lines "Slow Staling" (SS) wheat. As expected, our results indicated that the hard wheat SS NIL was more suitable for bread-making. On the other hand, we found that white salted noodle made with the SS NIL of the soft wheat variety had a relatively shorter cooking time, a softer texture, and a reduction in textural changes during storage, all of which are potentially useful for noodle manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Inokuma
- Central Laboratory Innovation Center, Nippn Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Patricia Vrinten
- Central Laboratory Innovation Center, Nippn Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Tomoya Shimbata
- Central Laboratory Innovation Center, Nippn Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Ai Sunohara
- Central Laboratory Innovation Center, Nippn Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Masaya Fujita
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Kyusyu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Izumi 496, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833-0041 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ishikawa
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
| | - Kanenori Takata
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
| | - Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakamura
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan
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8
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Pan Z, Deng X, Li Q, Xie R, Zhai H, Zeng X, Luobu Z, Tashi N, Li Z. Effects of Two Starch Synthase IIa Isoforms on Grain Components and Other Grain Traits in Barley. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1206-1213. [PMID: 33481586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Starch biosynthesis in cereal crops is a complex pathway regulated by multiple starch synthetic enzymes. Starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) is well-known to be one of the major starch synthases and is very important in amylopectin biosynthesis. It has significant effects on grain composition and kernel traits. However, there are few reports on the association of natural variation of SSIIa in barley and grain composition and characteristics. In this work, two SSIIa isoforms were first identified as SSIIaH and SSIIaL by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and Western blotting. Sequence analysis of the SSIIa gene demonstrated that a 33 bp insertion coding a peptide of APPSSVVPAKK caused different SSIIa, e.g., SSIIaH and SSIIaL. Based on this molecular difference, a polymerase chain reaction marker was developed, which could be used to screen different SSIIa genotypes easily. Kernel hardness of SSIIaL genotypes was significantly higher than that of SSIIaH Chinese barley cultivars. The proportion of SSIIaL genotypes was extremely low in Australian barley cultivars (5/24) and much higher in Tibetan hull-less barley cultivars (46/74), consistent with the end-use requirements of barley grain. This study provided new information in barley endosperm starch synthesis and indicated that it is valuable for choosing the preferred SSIIa genotype according to the end-use requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Pan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Huisheng Zhai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingquan Zeng
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, No. 130 Jinzhu West Road, Lhasa 850002, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaxi Luobu
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, No. 130 Jinzhu West Road, Lhasa 850002, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, People's Republic of China
| | - Nyima Tashi
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, No. 130 Jinzhu West Road, Lhasa 850002, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, retired
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Effects of potassium sulfate on swelling, gelatinizing and pasting properties of three rice starches from different sources. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117057. [PMID: 33142609 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) on the swelling, gelatinization, and pasting properties of indica rice starch (IRS), japonica rice starch (JRS), and waxy rice starch (WRS). As a result, the gelatinization temperatures (Tp), swelling capacities, and pasting viscosities of rice starches in water followed the order of WRS > JRS > IRS, showing positive correlations to amylopectin content and molecular weight. At K2SO4 concentration of 0.05-0.6 M, Tp increased by 10-13 ℃ due to a more compact structure of starch granules resulting from increased interactions of starch chains with K+. However, the swelling capacity decreased with increasing K2SO4 concentration and followed the order of WRS < JRS < IRS, which decreased sharply from 27.3 to 2.5 g/g for WRS. K2SO4 dramatically reduced the pasting viscosity of starch pastes due to the decreased swelling capacity. This study provides the scientific basis for rice starch processing with K2SO4.
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10
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Luo J, Butardo VM, Yang Q, Konik-Rose C, Colgrave ML, Millar A, Jobling SA, Li Z. The impact of the indica rice SSIIa allele on the apparent high amylose starch from rice grain with downregulated japonica SBEIIb. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:2961-2974. [PMID: 32651668 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalytically active indica SSIIa allele in high amylose rice with down-regulated japonica SBEIIb can increase starch content and modify the starch structure and properties without changing its amylose content. Rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes with inactive starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) with recessive variants of starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) exhibit a range of alterations in grain phenotype, starch granule morphology, starch granule bound proteins, starch structure, and functional properties. However, the interactions between the two enzymes have not been thoroughly investigated yet. We analysed recombinant rice lines having down-regulated SBEIIb expression (SBEIIbDR) with either indica or japonica type SSIIa (SSIIaind or SSIIajap). In SBEIIbDR rice starch granules, the increased abundance of two protein bands (SSI and SSIIa) was found with eight additional protein bands not generally associated with starch granules. The amount of SSIIa was higher in SSIIaindSBEIIbDR than SSIIajapSBEIIbDR, which indicated that indica type SSIIa, possibly in the monomer form, was extensively involved in starch biosynthesis in the SBEIIbDR endosperm. Furthermore, SSIIaindSBEIIbDR grains had higher total starch content and higher starch swelling power than SSIIajapSBEIIbDR lines, but the amylopectin gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy and the apparent amylose content remained similar. In summary, this work suggests that SSIIaind can partly compensate for the alteration of starch synthesis resulting from the SBEIIb down-regulation in japonica background without reducing its amylose content. The study provides insight into the starch structural and textural improvements of high amylose starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixun Luo
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Vito M Butardo
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Qiang Yang
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - Anthony Millar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Stephen A Jobling
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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11
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Yu X, Hao D, Yang J, Ran L, Zang Y, Xiong F. Effects of low temperature at stem elongation stage on the development, morphology, and physicochemical properties of wheat starch. PeerJ 2020. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The low temperature in spring is a meteorological problem in wheat production because it leads to yield reduction and alteration of wheat quality. In this study, an artificial low-temperature treatment (LTT) at the stem elongation stage was implemented to investigate the starch granule development and physical and chemical properties of wheat starch. Results showed that the agronomic traits of spike, such as spike length, spikelet number per spike, and grain number per spikelet, decreased after LTT. LTT promoted the development of starch granules in developing grains at 15 days post-anthesis, resulting in increased B-type granules and reduced C-type granules with an irregular shape in mature grains. The swelling power of the starch granules was reduced, but their solubility was enhanced by LTT. The proportion of the amorphous structure within the granules increased, but the crystalline component decreased after LTT, leading to a significant reduction in the relative degree of crystallinity and double- and single-helix structures. Three types of hydrolysis showed that starch in LTT was easy to hydrolyze, resulting in a high degree of hydrolysis. The findings suggest that low temperature at the stem elongation stage can not only reduce the yield parameters of spike but also alter starch accumulation, thereby affecting the processability and structure characteristics of starch in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Duo Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liping Ran
- Guangling College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co–Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri–Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Starch and Glycogen Analyses: Methods and Techniques. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071020. [PMID: 32660096 PMCID: PMC7407607 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen and starch, various analytical methods and techniques exist allowing the detailed characterization of these storage carbohydrates. In this article, we give a brief overview of the most frequently used methods, techniques, and results. Furthermore, we give insights in the isolation, purification, and fragmentation of both starch and glycogen. An overview of the different structural levels of the glucans is given and the corresponding analytical techniques are discussed. Moreover, future perspectives of the analytical needs and the challenges of the currently developing scientific questions are included.
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Sissons M, Sestili F, Botticella E, Masci S, Lafiandra D. Can Manipulation of Durum Wheat Amylose Content Reduce the Glycaemic Index of Spaghetti? Foods 2020; 9:E693. [PMID: 32481508 PMCID: PMC7353610 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) in foods has positive benefits for potentially alleviating lifestyle diseases. RS is correlated positively with starch amylose content. This study aimed to see what level of amylose in durum wheat is needed to lower pasta GI. The silencing of starch synthases IIa (SSIIa) and starch branching enzymes IIa (SBEIIa), key genes involved in starch biosynthesis, in durum wheat cultivar Svevo was performed and spaghetti was prepared and evaluated. The SSIIa and SBEIIa mutants have a 28% and 74% increase in amylose and a 2.8- and 35-fold increase in RS, respectively. Cooked pasta was softer, with higher cooking loss but lower stickiness compared to Svevo spaghetti, and with acceptable appearance and colour. In vitro starch digestion extent (area under the digestion curve) was decreased in both mutants, but much more in SBEIIa, while in vivo GI was only significantly reduced from 50 to 38 in SBEIIa. This is the first study of the glycaemic response of spaghetti prepared from SBEIIa and SSIIa durum wheat mutants. Overall pasta quality was acceptable in both mutants but the SBEIIa mutation provides a clear glycaemic benefit and would be much more appealing than wholemeal spaghetti. We suggest a minimum RS content in spaghetti of ~7% is needed to lower GI which corresponded to an amylose content of ~58%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Sissons
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth 2340, Australia
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.S.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ermelinda Botticella
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.S.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Masci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.S.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.S.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
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14
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Jin Q, Xu X. Microstructure, gelatinization and pasting properties of rice starch under acid and heat treatments. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1098-1108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Altering starch branching enzymes in wheat generates high-amylose starch with novel molecular structure and functional properties. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Hogg AC, Giroux MJ. Milling and baking quality of hexaploid spring wheat starch synthase IIa ( ssIIa) mutants with elevated amylose content. Cereal Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Hogg
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Montana State University Bozeman Montana
| | - Michael J. Giroux
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Montana State University Bozeman Montana
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17
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Li H, Gidley MJ, Dhital S. High-Amylose Starches to Bridge the “Fiber Gap”: Development, Structure, and Nutritional Functionality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:362-379. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiteng Li
- Univ. of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Michael J. Gidley
- Univ. of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Sushil Dhital
- Univ. of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
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18
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Sakandar HA, Hussain R, Kubow S, Sadiq FA, Huang W, Imran M. Sourdough bread: A contemporary cereal fermented product. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Arbab Sakandar
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Department Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Human Nutrition McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Raza Hussain
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Human Nutrition McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Stan Kubow
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Human Nutrition McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Weining Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Department Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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19
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Xu X, Vanhercke T, Shrestha P, Luo J, Akbar S, Konik-Rose C, Venugoban L, Hussain D, Tian L, Singh S, Li Z, Sharp PJ, Liu Q. Upregulated Lipid Biosynthesis at the Expense of Starch Production in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Vegetative Tissues via Simultaneous Downregulation of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase and Sugar Dependent1 Expressions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1444. [PMID: 31781148 PMCID: PMC6861213 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol is a major component of vegetable oil in seeds and fruits of many plants, but its production in vegetative tissues is rather limited. It would be intriguing and important to explore any possibility to expand current oil production platforms, for example from the plant vegetative tissues. By expressing a suite of transgenes involved in the triacylglycerol biosynthesis, we have previously observed substantial accumulation of triacylglycerol in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf and potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber. In this study, simultaneous RNA interference (RNAi) downregulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and Sugar-dependent1 (SDP1), was able to increase the accumulation of triacylglycerol and other lipids in both wild type potato and the previously generated high oil potato line 69. Particularly, a 16-fold enhancement of triacylglycerol production was observed in the mature transgenic tubers derived from the wild type potato, and a two-fold increase in triacylglycerol was observed in the high oil potato line 69, accounting for about 7% of tuber dry weight, which is the highest triacylglycerol accumulation ever reported in potato. In addition to the alterations of lipid content and fatty acid composition, sugar accumulation, starch content of the RNAi potato lines in both tuber and leaf tissues were also substantially changed, as well as the tuber starch properties. Microscopic analysis further revealed variation of lipid droplet distribution and starch granule morphology in the mature transgenic tubers compared to their parent lines. This study reflects that the carbon partitioning between lipid and starch in both leaves and non-photosynthetic tuber tissues, respectively, are highly orchestrated in potato, and it is promising to convert low-energy starch to storage lipids via genetic manipulation of the carbon metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Vanhercke
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shrestha
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jixun Luo
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christine Konik-Rose
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lauren Venugoban
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dawar Hussain
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lijun Tian
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Surinder Singh
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zhongyi Li, ; Peter J. Sharp, ; Qing Liu,
| | - Peter J. Sharp
- Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zhongyi Li, ; Peter J. Sharp, ; Qing Liu,
| | - Qing Liu
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zhongyi Li, ; Peter J. Sharp, ; Qing Liu,
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20
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Botticella E, Sestili F, Sparla F, Moscatello S, Marri L, Cuesta‐Seijo JA, Falini G, Battistelli A, Trost P, Lafiandra D. Combining mutations at genes encoding key enzymes involved in starch synthesis affects the amylose content, carbohydrate allocation and hardness in the wheat grain. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1723-1734. [PMID: 29499105 PMCID: PMC6131419 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to the composition of starch, the major component of wheat flour, can have a profound effect on the nutritional and technological characteristics of the flour's end products. The starch synthesized in the grain of conventional wheats (Triticum aestivum) is a 3:1 mixture of the two polysaccharides amylopectin and amylose. Altering the activity of certain key starch synthesis enzymes (GBSSI, SSIIa and SBEIIa) has succeeded in generating starches containing a different polysaccharide ratio. Here, mutagenesis, followed by a conventional marker-assisted breeding exercise, has been used to generate three mutant lines that produce starch with an amylose contents of 0%, 46% and 79%. The direct and pleiotropic effects of the multiple mutation lines were identified at both the biochemical and molecular levels. Both the structure and composition of the starch were materially altered, changes which affected the functionality of the starch. An analysis of sugar and nonstarch polysaccharide content in the endosperm suggested an impact of the mutations on the carbon allocation process, suggesting the existence of cross-talk between the starch and carbohydrate synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceUniversity of TusciaViterboItaly
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FABITUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- National Research Council CNR‐Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e ForestalePoranoTerniItaly
| | - Lucia Marri
- Carlsberg Research LaboratoryCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry ‘G. Ciamician’University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- National Research Council CNR‐Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e ForestalePoranoTerniItaly
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FABITUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceUniversity of TusciaViterboItaly
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21
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22
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Zhou YJ, Yang Q, Zhong XJ, Tang HP, Deng M, Ma J, Qi PF, Wang JR, Chen GY, Liu YX, Lu ZX, Li W, Lan XJ, Wei YM, Zheng YL, Jiang QT. Alternative splicing results in a lack of starch synthase IIa-D in Chinese wheat landrace. Genome 2018; 61:201-208. [PMID: 29401409 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the SGP-1 protein composition of 368 Chinese wheat landraces using SDS-PAGE. The SGP-D1 null type was identified in three accessions (Xiaoqingmang, Pushanbamai, and P119). An 18-bp deletion and 9-bp variation were found at the junction region of the 7th intron and 8th exon, leading to deletion of the intron-exon junction recognition site AG when aligned the 8261-bp DNA sequence of TaSSIIa-D in Pushanbamai with that of Chinese Spring. Four cDNA types with mis-spliced isoforms were subsequently detected through amplification of TaSSIIa-D cDNAs. Among these, nine type II cDNAs with a 16-bp deletion in the 8th exon were detected, indicating that the major transcriptional pattern of TaSSIIa in Pushanbamai is type II. In the type IV cDNA, a 97-bp sequence remains undeleted in the end of the 5th exon. The amylose content in Pushanbamai was significantly higher than that in all control lines under field conditions, which suggested that deletion of SGP-D1 has an efficient impact on amylose content. As the TaSSIIa gene plays an important role in regulating the content of amylose, it is anticipated that these natural variants of TaSSIIa-D will provide useful resources for quality improvement in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Zhou
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhong
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hua-Ping Tang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Peng-Fei Qi
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ji-Rui Wang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guo-Yue Chen
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ya-Xi Liu
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhen-Xiang Lu
- b Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- c College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiu-Jin Lan
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wei
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qian-Tao Jiang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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23
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Hogg AC, Martin JM, Giroux MJ. Novel ssIIa Alleles Produce Specific Seed Amylose Levels in Hexaploid Wheat. Cereal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-06-17-0124-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Hogg
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 Plant Bioscience Building, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, U.S.A
| | - John M. Martin
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 Plant Bioscience Building, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Giroux
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 Plant Bioscience Building, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, U.S.A
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24
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Lin L, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Wei C. Evaluation of the Molecular Structural Parameters of Normal Rice Starch and Their Relationships with Its Thermal and Digestion Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091526. [PMID: 28895935 PMCID: PMC6151547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular structural parameters of six normal rice starches with different amylose contents were investigated through their iodine absorption spectra and gel permeation chromatography of fully branched and debranched starches. The thermal and digestion properties of starches were also determined and their relationships with molecular structural parameters were analyzed. Results showed that the molecular structural parameters of maximum absorption wavelength, blue value (BV), optical density 620 nm/550 nm (OD 620/550), amylose, intermediate component, and amylopectin, including its short branch-chains, long branch-chains, and branching degree, had high correlation in different determining methods. The intermediate component of starch was significantly positively related to amylose and negatively related to amylopectin, and the amylopectin branching degree was significantly positively related to amylopectin content and negatively related to amylose content. The gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy of native starch were significantly positively related to BV, OD 620/550, and amylose content and negatively related to amylopectin short branch-chains. The gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy of retrograded starch were significantly negatively related to amylopectin branching degree. The digestions of gelatinized and retrograded starches were significantly negatively related to the BV, OD 620/550, amylose, and intermediate component and positively related to amylopectin and its short branch-chains and branching degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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25
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Fan X, Zhu J, Dong W, Sun Y, Lv C, Guo B, Xu R. Comparative Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of SSIIa Associated with Grain Amylopectin Content in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1531. [PMID: 28928763 PMCID: PMC5591850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amylopectin concentration in barley endosperm has important effects on grain quality and end-use. In this study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis together with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed to identify markers linked to grain amylopectin content respectively using a doubled haploid (DH) population of 178 lines and a collection of 185 diverse barley germplasms both genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). A stable QTL on chromosome 7H and 11 associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. In the co-localized region, the SSIIa (SSII-3) gene was predicted as the candidate gene. Then we isolated and characterized biparental SSIIa alleles of the DH population, investigated the expression pattern by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and revealed that a 33-bp deletion in exon 2 is responsible for reducing SSIIa transcript, thus resulting in a reduced amylopectin content. A sequence-based molecular marker was developed for the SSIIa allele and validated the effectivity, which would provide help for barley breeding.
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26
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Guo H, Liu Y, Li X, Yan Z, Xie Y, Xiong H, Zhao L, Gu J, Zhao S, Liu L. Novel mutant alleles of the starch synthesis gene TaSSIVb-D result in the reduction of starch granule number per chloroplast in wheat. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:358. [PMID: 28482814 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-37244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient starch provides carbon and energy for plant growth, and its synthesis is regulated by the joint action of a series of enzymes. Starch synthesis IV (SSIV) is one of the important starch synthase isoforms, but its impact on wheat starch synthesis has not yet been reported due to the lack of mutant lines. RESULTS Using the TILLING approach, we identified 54 mutations in the wheat gene TaSSIVb-D, with a mutation density of 1/165 Kb. Among these, three missense mutations and one nonsense mutation were predicted to have severe impacts on protein function. In the mutants, TaSSIVb-D was significantly down-regulated without compensatory increases in the homoeologous genes TaSSIVb-A and TaSSIVb-B. Altered expression of TaSSIVb-D affected granule number per chloroplast; compared with wild type, the number of chloroplasts containing 0-2 granules was significantly increased, while the number containing 3-4 granules was decreased. Photosynthesis was affected accordingly; the maximum quantum yield and yield of PSII were significantly reduced in the nonsense mutant at the heading stage. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TaSSIVb-D plays an important role in the formation of transient starch granules in wheat, which in turn impact the efficiency of photosynthesis. The mutagenized population created in this study allows the efficient identification of novel alleles of target genes and could be used as a resource for wheat functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongdun Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China.
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27
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Guo H, Liu Y, Li X, Yan Z, Xie Y, Xiong H, Zhao L, Gu J, Zhao S, Liu L. Novel mutant alleles of the starch synthesis gene TaSSIVb-D result in the reduction of starch granule number per chloroplast in wheat. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:358. [PMID: 28482814 PMCID: PMC5422989 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient starch provides carbon and energy for plant growth, and its synthesis is regulated by the joint action of a series of enzymes. Starch synthesis IV (SSIV) is one of the important starch synthase isoforms, but its impact on wheat starch synthesis has not yet been reported due to the lack of mutant lines. RESULTS Using the TILLING approach, we identified 54 mutations in the wheat gene TaSSIVb-D, with a mutation density of 1/165 Kb. Among these, three missense mutations and one nonsense mutation were predicted to have severe impacts on protein function. In the mutants, TaSSIVb-D was significantly down-regulated without compensatory increases in the homoeologous genes TaSSIVb-A and TaSSIVb-B. Altered expression of TaSSIVb-D affected granule number per chloroplast; compared with wild type, the number of chloroplasts containing 0-2 granules was significantly increased, while the number containing 3-4 granules was decreased. Photosynthesis was affected accordingly; the maximum quantum yield and yield of PSII were significantly reduced in the nonsense mutant at the heading stage. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TaSSIVb-D plays an important role in the formation of transient starch granules in wheat, which in turn impact the efficiency of photosynthesis. The mutagenized population created in this study allows the efficient identification of novel alleles of target genes and could be used as a resource for wheat functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongdun Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Teng B, Zhang Y, Du S, Wu J, Li Z, Luo Z, Yang J. Crystalline, thermal and swelling properties of starches from single-segment substitution lines with different Wx alleles in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:108-114. [PMID: 26926871 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rice, five common Wx alleles, wx, Wxt , Wxg1 , Wxg2 and Wxg3 , have been identified according to their apparent amylose content (AAC) phenotypes. Previous studies revealed that this Wx allelic variation may also affect other starch properties. However, so far, to what extent the five Wx alleles influence the crystalline structure, thermal and swelling properties of rice starch is still unclear. For this purpose, a set of single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) harboring five different Wx alleles, varying widely in AAC, was used for comparative studies. RESULTS The crystalline structure, thermal properties and swelling behavior of starches from the SSSLs varied widely depending on Wx genotype. Effects of different Wx alleles on relative crystallinity followed the order wx > Wxt > Wxg1 = Wxg2 > Wxg3 . The glutinous and Wxt genotype starches showed higher gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy compared with other Wx genotypes. The order for swelling power was wx > Wxt > Wxg1 > Wxg2 > Wxg3 , while the order for degree of solubility was Wxg3 > Wxg1 > Wxg2 > Wxt = wx. Correlation analysis indicated that AAC was significantly and negatively correlated with relative crystallinity (r = -0.996, P < 0.01) and swelling power (r = -0.982, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The present results provide new knowledge about the influence of different Wx alleles on the structural and physicochemical properties of rice starch. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Teng
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Shiyun Du
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jingde Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zefu Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhixiang Luo
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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29
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Li X, Cavanagh C, Verbyla K, Thistleton JL, Wang H, Pedler A, Kooij-Liu P, Li Z, Jobling SA. A modified Megazyme fructan assay for rapidly screening wheat starch synthase IIa mutation populations reveals high fructan accumulation in mature grains of triple null lines. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Li W, Guo H, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhao L, Gu J, Zhao S, Zhao B, Wang G, Liu L. Identification of novel alleles induced by EMS-mutagenesis in key genes of kernel hardness and starch biosynthesis in wheat by TILLING. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Botticella E, Sestili F, Ferrazzano G, Mantovani P, Cammerata A, D’Egidio MG, Lafiandra D. The impact of the SSIIa null mutations on grain traits and composition in durum wheat. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:572-579. [PMID: 27795682 PMCID: PMC5010308 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Starch represents a major nutrient in the human diet providing essentially a source of energy. More recently the modification of its composition has been associated with new functionalities both at the nutritional and technological level. Targeting the major starch biosynthetic enzymes has been shown to be a valuable strategy to manipulate the amylose-amylopectin ratio in reserve starch. In the present work a breeding strategy aiming to produce a set of SSIIa (starch synthases IIa) null durum wheat is described. We have characterized major traits such as seed weight, total starch, amylose, protein and β-glucan content in a set of mutant families derived from the introgression of the SSIIa null trait into Svevo, an elite Italian durum wheat cultivar. A large degree of variability was detected and used to select wheat lines with either improved quality traits or agronomic performances. Semolina of a set of two SSIIa null lines showed new rheological behavior and an increased content of all major dietary fiber components, namely arabinoxylans, β-glucans and resistant starch. Furthermore the investigation of gene expression highlighted important differences in some genes involved in starch and β-glucans biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Botticella
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia,
Via San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo,
Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia,
Via San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo,
Italy
| | | | - Paola Mantovani
- Società Produttori Sementi,
Via Macero 1; 40050 Argelato (BO),
Italy
| | - Alessandro Cammerata
- Research Unit for Cereal Quality, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics,
Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma,
Italy
| | - Maria Grazia D’Egidio
- Research Unit for Cereal Quality, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics,
Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma,
Italy
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia,
Via San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo,
Italy
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32
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Li A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu X, Xiong F, Zhou R, Zhang Y. Comparison of Morphology and Physicochemical Properties of Starch Among 3 Arrowhead Varieties. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C1110-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Li
- Jiangsu Lixiahe District Inst. of Agricultural Science; Yangzhou 225007 China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Jiangsu Lixiahe District Inst. of Agricultural Science; Yangzhou 225007 China
| | - Yongji Zhang
- Jiangsu Lixiahe District Inst. of Agricultural Science; Yangzhou 225007 China
| | - Xurun Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Yangzhou Univ; Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Fei Xiong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Yangzhou Univ; Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Rumei Zhou
- Jiangsu Lixiahe District Inst. of Agricultural Science; Yangzhou 225007 China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Jiangsu Lixiahe District Inst. of Agricultural Science; Yangzhou 225007 China
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33
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Marcotuli I, Houston K, Schwerdt JG, Waugh R, Fincher GB, Burton RA, Blanco A, Gadaleta A. Genetic Diversity and Genome Wide Association Study of β-Glucan Content in Tetraploid Wheat Grains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152590. [PMID: 27045166 PMCID: PMC4821454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have many health benefits, including immunomodulatory activity, lowering serum cholesterol, a faecal bulking effect, enhanced absorption of certain minerals, prebiotic effects and the amelioration of type II diabetes. The principal components of the NSP in cereal grains are (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans and arabinoxylans. Although (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan (hereafter called β-glucan) is not the most representative component of wheat cell walls, it is one of the most important types of soluble fibre in terms of its proven beneficial effects on human health. In the present work we explored the genetic variability of β-glucan content in grains from a tetraploid wheat collection that had been genotyped with a 90k-iSelect array, and combined this data to carry out an association analysis. The β-glucan content, expressed as a percentage w/w of grain dry weight, ranged from 0.18% to 0.89% across the collection. Our analysis identified seven genomic regions associated with β-glucan, located on chromosomes 1A, 2A (two), 2B, 5B and 7A (two), confirming the quantitative nature of this trait. Analysis of marker trait associations (MTAs) in syntenic regions of several grass species revealed putative candidate genes that might influence β-glucan levels in the endosperm, possibly via their participation in carbon partitioning. These include the glycosyl hydrolases endo-β-(1,4)-glucanase (cellulase), β-amylase, (1,4)-β-xylan endohydrolase, xylanase inhibitor protein I, isoamylase and the glycosyl transferase starch synthase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marcotuli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Kelly Houston
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Julian G. Schwerdt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Robbie Waugh
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Geoffrey B. Fincher
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Burton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Antonio Blanco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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34
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Inokuma T, Vrinten P, Shimbata T, Sunohara A, Ito H, Saito M, Taniguchi Y, Nakamura T. Using the Hexaploid Nature of Wheat To Create Variability in Starch Characteristics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:941-947. [PMID: 26808423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In hexaploid crops, such as bread wheat, it should be possible to fine-tune phenotypic traits by identifying wild-type and null genes from each of the three genomes and combining them in a calculated manner. Here, we demonstrate this with gene combinations for two starch synthesis genes, SSIIa and GBSSI. Lines with inactive copies of both enzymes show a very dramatic change in phenotype, so to create intermediate phenotypes, we used marker-assisted selection to develop near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying homozygous combinations of null alleles. For both genes, gene dosage effects follow the order B > D ≥ A; therefore, we completed detailed analysis of starch characteristics for NIL 3-3, which is null for the B-genome copy of the SSIIa and GBSSI genes, and NIL 5-5, which has null mutations in the B- and D-genome-encoded copies of both of these genes. The effects of the combinations on phenotypic traits followed the order expected on the basis of genotype, with NIL 5-5 showing the largest differences from the wild type, while NIL 3-3 characteristics were intermediate between NIL 5-5 and the wild type. Differences among genotypes were significant for many starch characteristics, including percent amylose, chain length distribution, gelatinization temperature, retrogradation, and pasting properties, and these differences appeared to translate into improvements in end-product quality, since bread made from type 5-5 flour showed a 3 day lag in staling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Inokuma
- Nippon Flour Mills Company, Limited , Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Patricia Vrinten
- Bioriginal Food & Science Corporation , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada
| | - Tomoya Shimbata
- Nippon Flour Mills Company, Limited , Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Ai Sunohara
- Nippon Flour Mills Company, Limited , Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Tohoku National Agriculture Research Center , Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan
| | - Mika Saito
- Tohoku National Agriculture Research Center , Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Taniguchi
- Tohoku National Agriculture Research Center , Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakamura
- Tohoku National Agriculture Research Center , Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan
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35
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Bowerman AF, Newberry M, Dielen AS, Whan A, Larroque O, Pritchard J, Gubler F, Howitt CA, Pogson BJ, Morell MK, Ral JP. Suppression of glucan, water dikinase in the endosperm alters wheat grain properties, germination and coleoptile growth. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:398-408. [PMID: 25989474 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch phosphate ester content is known to alter the physicochemical properties of starch, including its susceptibility to degradation. Previous work producing wheat (Triticum aestivum) with down-regulated glucan, water dikinase, the primary gene responsible for addition of phosphate groups to starch, in a grain-specific manner found unexpected phenotypic alteration in grain and growth. Here, we report on further characterization of these lines focussing on mature grain and early growth. We find that coleoptile length has been increased in these transgenic lines independently of grain size increases. No changes in starch degradation rates during germination could be identified, or any major alteration in soluble sugar levels that may explain the coleoptile growth modification. We identify some alteration in hormones in the tissues in question. Mature grain size is examined, as is Hardness Index and starch conformation. We find no evidence that the increased growth of coleoptiles in these lines is connected to starch conformation or degradation or soluble sugar content and suggest these findings provide a novel means of increasing coleoptile growth and early seedling establishment in cereal crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Bowerman
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Marcus Newberry
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anne-Sophie Dielen
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alex Whan
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Oscar Larroque
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jenifer Pritchard
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Frank Gubler
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Crispin A Howitt
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew K Morell
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Ral
- Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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36
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Genes involved in the accumulation of starch and lipids in wheat and rice: characterization using molecular and cytogenetic techniques. THE NUCLEUS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-015-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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37
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Luo J, Ahmed R, Kosar-Hashemi B, Larroque O, Butardo VM, Tanner GJ, Colgrave ML, Upadhyaya NM, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ, Millar A, Jobling SA, Morell MK, Li Z. The different effects of starch synthase IIa mutations or variation on endosperm amylose content of barley, wheat and rice are determined by the distribution of starch synthase I and starch branching enzyme IIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:1407-19. [PMID: 25893467 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of starch synthase I and starch branching enzyme IIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma plays an important role in determining endosperm amylose content of cereal grains. Starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) catalyses the polymerisation of intermediate length glucan chains of amylopectin in the endosperm of cereals. Mutations of SSIIa genes in barley and wheat and inactive SSIIa variant in rice induce similar effects on the starch structure and the amylose content, but the severity of the phenotypes is different. This study compared the levels of transcripts and partitioning of proteins of starch synthase I (SSI) and starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) inside and outside the starch granules in the developing endosperms of these ssIIa mutants and inactive SSIIa variant. Pleiotropic effects on starch granule-bound proteins suggested that the different effects of SSIIa mutations on endosperm amylose content of barley, wheat and rice are determined by the distribution of SSI and SBEIIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma in cereals. Regulation of starch synthesis in ssIIa mutants and inactive SSIIa variant may be at post-translational level or the altered amylopectin structure deprives the affinity of SSI and SBEIIb to amylopectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixun Luo
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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38
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Hogg AC, Martin JM, Manthey FA, Giroux MJ. Nutritional and Quality Traits of Pasta Made from SSIIa Null High-Amylose Durum Wheat. Cereal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-12-14-0246-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Hogg
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 Plant Bioscience Building, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, U.S.A
| | - John M. Martin
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 Plant Bioscience Building, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, U.S.A
| | - Frank A. Manthey
- Department of Plant Sciences, 166 Loftsgard Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Giroux
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 Plant Bioscience Building, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, U.S.A
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39
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Sestili F, Palombieri S, Botticella E, Mantovani P, Bovina R, Lafiandra D. TILLING mutants of durum wheat result in a high amylose phenotype and provide information on alternative splicing mechanisms. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 233:127-133. [PMID: 25711820 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The amylose/amylopectin ratio has a major influence over the properties of starch and determines its optimal end use. Here, high amylose durum wheat has been bred by combining knock down alleles at the two homoelogous genes encoding starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa-A and SBEIIa-B). The complete silencing of these genes had a number of pleiotropic effects on starch synthesis: it affected the transcriptional activity of SBEIIb, ISA1 (starch debranching enzyme) and all of the genes encoding starch synthases (SSI, SSIIa, SSIII and GBSSI). The starch produced by grain of the double SBEIIa mutants was high in amylose (up to ∼1.95 fold that of the wild type) and contained up to about eight fold more resistant starch. A single nucleotide polymorphism adjacent to the splice site at the end of exon 10 of the G364E mutant copies of both SBEIIa-A and SBEIIa-B resulted in the loss of a conserved exonic splicing silencer element. Its starch was similar to that of the SBEIIa double mutant. G364E SBEIIa pre-mRNA was incorrectly processed, resulting in the formation of alternative, but non-functional splicing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature & Energy, University of Tuscia, Via S Camillo de Lellis SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature & Energy, University of Tuscia, Via S Camillo de Lellis SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Ermelinda Botticella
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature & Energy, University of Tuscia, Via S Camillo de Lellis SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Paola Mantovani
- Società Produttori Sementi Spa, Via Macero 1, 40050 Argelato, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Bovina
- Società Produttori Sementi Spa, Via Macero 1, 40050 Argelato, Bologna, Italy; Department of Agricultural Science (DipSA), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature & Energy, University of Tuscia, Via S Camillo de Lellis SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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40
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Rakszegi M, Kisgyörgy BN, Kiss T, Sestili F, Láng L, Lafiandra D, Bedő Z. Development and characterization of high-amylose wheat lines. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rakszegi
- Centre for Agricultural Research; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Martonvasar Hungary
| | - Boglárka N. Kisgyörgy
- Centre for Agricultural Research; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Martonvasar Hungary
| | - Tibor Kiss
- Centre for Agricultural Research; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Martonvasar Hungary
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE); University of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - László Láng
- Centre for Agricultural Research; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Martonvasar Hungary
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE); University of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - Zoltán Bedő
- Centre for Agricultural Research; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Martonvasar Hungary
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41
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Li Q, Pan Z, Deng G, Long H, Li Z, Deng X, Liang J, Tang Y, Zeng X, Tashi N, Yu M. Effect of wide variation of the Waxy gene on starch properties in hull-less barley from Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11369-11385. [PMID: 25345815 DOI: 10.1021/jf5026746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I) plays an important role in the synthesis of amylose and in the determination of starch properties in barley grains. Genomic DNAs for the Waxy gene encoding GBSS I protein were sequenced from 34 barley accessions or lines from Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China, to identify Waxy gene nucleotide variations and study the roles of polymorphic sites of the Waxy gene on expression levels of Waxy transcripts and GBSS I proteins and on resulting starch properties. A total of 116 DNA polymorphic sites were identified within the barley Waxy gene, which divided the studied accessions into 11 haplotypes. Among 33 nucleotide polymorphic sites in coding regions, 5 SNPs in three exons were found to play different roles on the expression level of the Waxy transcript and the GBSS I protein and on the amylose content and starch properties. One SNP G(3935)-to-T substitution in the 10th exon in the accession Z999 (HP II-2) caused a high expression level of the Waxy transcript and the GBSS I protein and the amylose free phenotype. The other SNP alteration was a C(2453)-to-T in the fifth exon in the accession Z1191 (HP I-5), which drastically reduced the expression level of the Waxy transcript and the GBSS I protein and, finally, produced the amylose free phenotype. Three SNPs in the seventh exon in the accession Z1337 (HP I-6) did not significantly change the level of Waxy transcript, the GBSS I protein, and starch properties, except obviously reducing the breakdown value of starch viscosity and extending the peak time. A total of 84 DNA polymorphic sites were found in the noncoding regions. A 403 bp deletion at 5'UTR in the accession Z1979 (HP I-3) had low transcript level, low GBSS I protein level, and low amylose content due to the deletion of cis-acting DNA regulatory elements. A 191 bp insertion and a 15 bp insertion in the first intron and second exons, respectively, may be closely related to a higher transcript level of the Waxy gene and significant differences in some starch properties of the Waxy I DNA group as compared to the Waxy II DNA group. This study indicates the specific variations of the Waxy gene have a great effect on amylose synthesis and starch properties of hull-less barley, which could be very useful to produce new barley with variable starch properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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42
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Cai J, Cai C, Man J, Xu B, Wei C. Physicochemical Properties of Ginkgo Kernal Starch. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.831443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Brust H, Lehmann T, D'Hulst C, Fettke J. Analysis of the functional interaction of Arabidopsis starch synthase and branching enzyme isoforms reveals that the cooperative action of SSI and BEs results in glucans with polymodal chain length distribution similar to amylopectin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102364. [PMID: 25014622 PMCID: PMC4094495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch synthase (SS) and branching enzyme (BE) establish the two glycosidic linkages existing in starch. Both enzymes exist as several isoforms. Enzymes derived from several species were studied extensively both in vivo and in vitro over the last years, however, analyses of a functional interaction of SS and BE isoforms are missing so far. Here, we present data from in vitro studies including both interaction of leaf derived and heterologously expressed SS and BE isoforms. We found that SSI activity in native PAGE without addition of glucans was dependent on at least one of the two BE isoforms active in Arabidopsis leaves. This interaction is most likely not based on a physical association of the enzymes, as demonstrated by immunodetection and native PAGE mobility analysis of SSI, BE2, and BE3. The glucans formed by the action of SSI/BEs were analysed using leaf protein extracts from wild type and be single mutants (Atbe2 and Atbe3 mutant lines) and by different combinations of recombinant proteins. Chain length distribution (CLD) patterns of the formed glucans were irrespective of SSI and BE isoforms origin and still independent of assay conditions. Furthermore, we show that all SS isoforms (SSI-SSIV) were able to interact with BEs and form branched glucans. However, only SSI/BEs generated a polymodal distribution of glucans which was similar to CLD pattern detected in amylopectin of Arabidopsis leaf starch. We discuss the impact of the SSI/BEs interplay for the CLD pattern of amylopectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Brust
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tanja Lehmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christophe D'Hulst
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université Lille1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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44
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Gao H, Cai J, Han W, Huai H, Chen Y, Wei C. Comparison of starches isolated from three different Trapa species. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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McMaugh SJ, Thistleton JL, Anschaw E, Luo J, Konik-Rose C, Wang H, Huang M, Larroque O, Regina A, Jobling SA, Morell MK, Li Z. Suppression of starch synthase I expression affects the granule morphology and granule size and fine structure of starch in wheat endosperm. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2189-201. [PMID: 24634486 PMCID: PMC3991748 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies in Arabidopsis and rice suggest that manipulation of starch synthase I (SSI) expression in wheat may lead to the production of wheat grains with novel starch structure and properties. This work describes the suppression of SSI expression in wheat grains using RNAi technology, which leads to a low level of enzymatic activity for SSI in the developing endosperm, and a low abundance of SSI protein inside the starch granules of mature grains. The amylopectin fraction of starch from the SSI suppressed lines showed an increased frequency of very short chains (degree of polymerization, dp 6 and 7), a lower proportion of short chains (dp 8-12), and more intermediate chains (dp 13-20) than in the grain from their negative segregant lines. In the most severely affected line, amylose content was significantly increased, the morphology of starch granules was changed, and the proportion of B starch granules was significantly reduced. The change of the fine structure of the starch in the SSI-RNAi suppression lines alters the gelatinization temperature, swelling power, and viscosity of the starch. This work demonstrates that the roles of SSI in the determination of starch structure and properties are similar among different cereals and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J McMaugh
- CSIRO Food Future Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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46
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Lafiandra D, Riccardi G, Shewry PR. Improving cereal grain carbohydrates for diet and health. J Cereal Sci 2014; 59:312-326. [PMID: 24966450 PMCID: PMC4064937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Starch and cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fibre) of cereal grains contribute to the health benefits associated with the consumption of whole grain cereal products, including reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. The physiological bases for these effects are reviewed in relation to the structures and physical properties of the polysaccharides and their behaviour (including digestion and fermentation) in the gastro-intestinal tract. Strategies for modifying the content and composition of grain polysaccharides to increase their health benefits are discussed, including exploiting natural variation and using mutagenesis and transgenesis to generate further variation. These studies will facilitate the development of new types of cereals and cereal products to face the major health challenges of the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lafiandra
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, Via S.C. De Lellis, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Via Pansini 5, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Peter R. Shewry
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
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47
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Waterschoot J, Gomand SV, Fierens E, Delcour JA. Production, structure, physicochemical and functional properties of maize, cassava, wheat, potato and rice starches. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201300238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmien Waterschoot
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Sara V. Gomand
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Ellen Fierens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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48
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Howard TP, Fahy B, Leigh F, Howell P, Powell W, Greenland A, Trafford K, Smith AM. Use of advanced recombinant lines to study the impact and potential of mutations affecting starch synthesis in barley. J Cereal Sci 2014; 59:196-202. [PMID: 24748716 PMCID: PMC3990431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects on barley starch and grain properties of four starch synthesis mutations were studied during the introgression of the mutations from diverse backgrounds into an elite variety. The lys5f (ADPglucose transporter), wax (granule-bound starch synthase), isa1 (debranching enzyme isoamylase 1) and sex6 (starch synthase IIa) mutations were introgressed into NFC Tipple to give mutant and wild-type BC2F4 families with different genomic contributions of the donor parent. Comparison of starch and grain properties between the donor parents, the BC2F4 families and NFC Tipple allowed the effects of the mutations to be distinguished from genetic background effects. The wax and sex6 mutations had marked effects on starch properties regardless of genetic background. The sex6 mutation conditioned low grain weight and starch content, but the wax mutation did not. The lys5 mutation conditioned low grain weight and starch content, but exceptionally high β-glucan contents. The isa1 mutation promotes synthesis of soluble α-glucan (phytoglycogen). Its introgression into NFC Tipple increased grain weight and total α-glucan content relative to the donor parent, but reduced the ratio of phytoglycogen to starch. This study shows that introgression of mutations into a common, commercial background provides new insights that could not be gained from the donor parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Howard
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Fahy
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Leigh
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 OLE, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Howell
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 OLE, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Powell
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 OLE, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Greenland
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 OLE, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Trafford
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Smith
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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49
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Cai J, Yang Y, Man J, Huang J, Wang Z, Zhang C, Gu M, Liu Q, Wei C. Structural and functional properties of alkali-treated high-amylose rice starch. Food Chem 2014; 145:245-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Cai J, Cai C, Man J, Yang Y, Zhang F, Wei C. Crystalline and structural properties of acid-modified lotus rhizome C-type starch. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:799-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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