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Wang X, Ji H, Zhong L, Zeng W, Ouyang Z, Li R. A Transcriptome Analysis of Poncirus trifoliata, an Aurantioideae Species Tolerant to Asian Citrus Psyllid, Has Identified Potential Genes and Events Associated with Psyllid Resistance. INSECTS 2024; 15:589. [PMID: 39194794 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease for citrus production, largely caused by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). Poncirus trifoliata exhibits high resistance to ACP; however, this resistance is weakened when C. sinensis is co-cultivated. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during ACP feeding and to uncover potential ACP resistance genes in P. trifoliata. In comparison to independent cultivation, 1247 and 205 DEGs were identified in P. trifoliata when co-cultivated with C. sinensis after 7 and 14 days, respectively. Analysis of enriched Gene Ontology categories revealed that DEGs were significantly associated with the cell wall, glucometabolic activities, and secondary metabolites. Additionally, these genes were found to be involved in phytohormone signaling, cell wall metabolism, redox state homeostasis, and secondary metabolites, as well as a number of transcription factor genes (TFs). Furthermore, we examined the impact of the ACP feeding factor on the gene expression patterns in P. trifoliata. Results showed an increase in the JA signaling pathway and various TFs. The RNA-seq results were verified using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Our findings shed light on the molecular basis of ACP resistance in P. trifoliata and identified potential genes associated with this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Haoran Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Leijian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhigang Ouyang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Bagwell JW, Subedi M, Sapkota S, Lopez B, Ghimire B, Chen Z, Buntin GD, Bahri BA, Mergoum M. Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Hessian Fly Resistance in Soft Red Winter Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1812. [PMID: 37761952 PMCID: PMC10531203 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hessian fly (HF) is an invasive insect that has caused millions of dollars in yield losses to southeastern US wheat farms. Genetic resistance is the most sustainable solution to control HF. However, emerging biotypes are quickly overcoming resistance genes in the southeast; therefore, identifying novel sources of resistance is critical. The resistant line "UGA 111729" and susceptible variety "AGS 2038" were crossbred to generate a population of 225 recombinant inbred lines. This population was phenotyped in the growth chamber (GC) during 2019 and 2021 and in field (F) trials in Georgia during the 2021-2022 growing seasons. Visual scoring was utilized in GC studies. The percentage of infested tillers and number of pupae/larvae per tiller, and infested tiller per sample were measured in studies from 2021 to 2022. Averaging across all traits, a major QTL on chromosome 3D explained 42.27% (GC) and 10.43% (F) phenotypic variance within 9.86 centimorgans (cM). SNP marker IWB65911 was associated with the quantitative trait locus (QTL) peak with logarithm of odds (LOD) values of 14.98 (F) and 62.22 (GC). IWB65911 colocalized with resistance gene H32. KASP marker validation verified that UGA 111729 and KS89WGRC06 express H32. IWB65911 may be used for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Bagwell
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
| | - Madhav Subedi
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
| | - Suraj Sapkota
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA;
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (B.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Bikash Ghimire
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (B.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - G. David Buntin
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
| | - Bochra A. Bahri
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (B.L.); (Z.C.)
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Razzaq MK, Hina A, Abbasi A, Karikari B, Ashraf HJ, Mohiuddin M, Maqsood S, Maqsood A, Haq IU, Xing G, Raza G, Bhat JA. Molecular and genetic insights into secondary metabolic regulation underlying insect-pest resistance in legumes. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 37392308 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Insect pests pose a major threat to agricultural production, resulting in significant economic losses for countries. A high infestation of insects in any given area can severely reduce crop yield and quality. This review examines the existing resources for managing insect pests and highlights alternative eco-friendly techniques to enhance insect pest resistance in legumes. Recently, the application of plant secondary metabolites has gained popularity in controlling insect attacks. Plant secondary metabolites encompass a wide range of compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which are often synthesized through intricate biosynthetic pathways. Classical methods of metabolic engineering involve manipulating key enzymes and regulatory genes to enhance or redirect the production of secondary metabolites in plants. Additionally, the role of genetic approaches, such as quantitative trait loci mapping, genome-wide association (GWAS) mapping, and metabolome-based GWAS in insect pest management is discussed, also, the role of precision breeding, such as genome editing technologies and RNA interference for identifying pest resistance and manipulating the genome to develop insect-resistant cultivars are explored, highlighting the positive contribution of plant secondary metabolites engineering-based resistance against insect pests. It is suggested that by understanding the genes responsible for beneficial metabolite compositions, future research might hold immense potential to shed more light on the molecular regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, leading to advancements in insect-resistant traits in crop plants. In the future, the utilization of metabolic engineering and biotechnological methods may serve as an alternative means of producing biologically active, economically valuable, and medically significant compounds found in plant secondary metabolites, thereby addressing the challenge of limited availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khuram Razzaq
- Soybean Research Institute & MARA National Centre for Soybean Improvement & MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean & National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Aiman Hina
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) National Centre for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Asim Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Hafiza Javaria Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Mohiuddin
- Environmental Management Consultants (EMC) Private Limited, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Maqsood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Maqsood
- Department of Zoology, University of Central Punjab, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Soybean Research Institute & MARA National Centre for Soybean Improvement & MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean & National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ghulam Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Saintenac C, Cambon F, Aouini L, Verstappen E, Ghaffary SMT, Poucet T, Marande W, Berges H, Xu S, Jaouannet M, Favery B, Alassimone J, Sánchez-Vallet A, Faris J, Kema G, Robert O, Langin T. A wheat cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase confers broad-spectrum resistance against Septoria tritici blotch. Nat Commun 2021; 12:433. [PMID: 33469010 PMCID: PMC7815785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The poverty of disease resistance gene reservoirs limits the breeding of crops for durable resistance against evolutionary dynamic pathogens. Zymoseptoria tritici which causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB), represents one of the most genetically diverse and devastating wheat pathogens worldwide. No fully virulent Z. tritici isolates against synthetic wheats carrying the major resistant gene Stb16q have been identified. Here, we use comparative genomics, mutagenesis and complementation to identify Stb16q, which confers broad-spectrum resistance against Z. tritici. The Stb16q gene encodes a plasma membrane cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase that was recently introduced into cultivated wheat and which considerably slows penetration and intercellular growth of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Saintenac
- grid.503180.f0000 0004 0613 5360Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Cambon
- grid.503180.f0000 0004 0613 5360Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lamia Aouini
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research (Wageningen Plant Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health), PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Present Address: Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Els Verstappen
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research (Wageningen Plant Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health), PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Tabib Ghaffary
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research (Wageningen Plant Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health), PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ,Present Address: Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Dezful, Iran
| | - Théo Poucet
- grid.503180.f0000 0004 0613 5360Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France ,grid.11480.3c0000000121671098Present Address: Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain ,grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XPresent Address: Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo-Saignat, Bordeaux, Cedex 33076 France
| | - William Marande
- grid.507621.7CNRGV (Centre National des Ressources Génomiques Végétales), INRAE, UPR 1258 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Berges
- grid.507621.7CNRGV (Centre National des Ressources Génomiques Végétales), INRAE, UPR 1258 Castanet-Tolosan, France ,grid.508749.7Present Address: Inari Agriculture, One Kendall Square Building 600/700, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Steven Xu
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Maëlle Jaouannet
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282INRAE, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282INRAE, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Julien Alassimone
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Vallet
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Present Address: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA). Campus de Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Faris
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Gert Kema
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research (Wageningen Plant Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health), PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Present Address: Wageningen University (Laboratory of Phytopathology), 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Robert
- Florimond-Desprez, 3 rue Florimond-Desprez, BP 41, 59242 Cappelle-en-Pevele, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- grid.503180.f0000 0004 0613 5360Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, GDEC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Shukle RH, Cambron SE, Moniem HA, Schemerhorn BJ, Redding J, David Buntin G, Flanders KL, Reisig DD, Mohammadi M. Effectiveness of Genes for Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Resistance in the Southeastern United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:399-405. [PMID: 26468515 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is the most important insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) in the southeastern United States, and the deployment of genetically resistant wheat is the most effective control. However, the use of resistant wheat results in the selection of pest genotypes that can overcome formerly resistant wheat. We have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 resistance genes for protection of wheat from Hessian fly infestation in the southeastern United States. Results documented that while 10 of the genes evaluated could provide protection of wheat, the most highly effective genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, H26, and H33. However, H12 and H18 have been reported to be only partially effective in field evaluations, and H24, H25, and H26 may be associated with undesirable effects on agronomic traits when introgressed into elite wheat lines. Thus, the most promising new gene for Hessian fly resistance appears to be H33. These results indicate that identified highly effective resistance in wheat to the Hessian fly is a limited resource and emphasize the need to identify novel sources of resistance. Also, we recommend that the deployment of resistance in gene pyramids and the development of novel strategies for engineered resistance be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Shukle
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (; ; ; ; ), Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 , These authors contributed equally to this manuscript,
| | - Sue E Cambron
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (; ; ; ; ), Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 , These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Hossam Abdel Moniem
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 , Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Brandon J Schemerhorn
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (; ; ; ; ), Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Julie Redding
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (; ; ; ; )
| | - G David Buntin
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia College of Agriculture Experiment Stations, Georgia Station, Griffin, GA 30223
| | - Kathy L Flanders
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Dominic D Reisig
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, The Vernon James Research & Extension Center, 207 Research Station Road, Plymouth, NC 27962 , and
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Yu G, Klindworth DL, Friesen TL, Faris JD, Zhong S, Rasmussen JB, Xu SS. Development of a diagnostic co-dominant marker for stem rust resistance gene Sr47 introgressed from Aegilops speltoides into durum wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:2367-2374. [PMID: 26260850 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A robust and diagnostic STS marker for stem rust resistance gene Sr47 was developed and validated for marker-assisted selection. Stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Pgt) resistance gene Sr47, originally transferred from Aegilops speltoides to durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) line DAS15, confers a high level of resistance to Pgt race TTKSK (Ug99). Recently, the durum Rusty 5D(5B) substitution line was used to reduce the Ae. speltoides segment, and the resulting lines had Sr47 on small Ae. speltoides segments on wheat chromosome arm 2BL. The objective of this study was to develop a robust marker for marker-assisted selection of Sr47. A 200-kb segment of the Brachypodium distachyon genome syntenic with the Sr47 region was used to identify wheat expressed sequence tags (ESTs) homologous to the B. distachyon genes. The wheat EST sequences were then used to develop sequence-tagged site (STS) markers. By analyzing the markers for polymorphism between Rusty and DAS15, we identified a co-dominant STS marker, designated as Xrwgs38, which amplified 175 and 187 bp fragments from wheat chromosome 2B and Ae. speltoides chromosome 2S segments, respectively. The marker co-segregated with the Ae. speltoides segments carrying Sr47 in the families from four BC2F1 plants, including the parent plants for durum lines RWG35 and RWG36 with the pedigree of Rusty/3/Rusty 5D(5B)/DAS15//47-1 5D(5B). Analysis of 62 durum and common wheat cultivars/lines lacking the Sr47 segment indicated that they all possessed the 175-bp allele of Xrwgs38, indicating that it was diagnostic for the small Ae. speltoides segment carrying Sr47. This study demonstrated that Xrwgs38 will facilitate the selection of Sr47 in durum and common wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Daryl L Klindworth
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Timothy L Friesen
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Justin D Faris
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Jack B Rasmussen
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Steven S Xu
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
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Garvin DF, Porter H, Blankenheim ZJ, Chao S, Dill-Macky R. A spontaneous segmental deletion from chromosome arm 3DL enhances Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Genome 2015; 58:479-88. [PMID: 26524120 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has been directed at identifying sources of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. We sought to identify molecular markers for what we hypothesized was a new major FHB resistance locus originating from the wheat cultivar 'Freedom' and introgressed into the susceptible wheat cultivar 'USU-Apogee'. An F2:3 mapping population from a cross between Apogee and A30, its BC4 near-isoline exhibiting improved FHB resistance, was evaluated for resistance. The distribution of FHB resistance in the population approximated a 1:3 moderately resistant : moderately susceptible + susceptible ratio. Separate disease evaluations established that A30 accumulated less deoxynivalenol and yielded a greater proportion of sound grain than Apogee. Molecular mapping revealed that the FHB resistance of A30 is associated with molecular markers on chromosome arm 3DL that exhibit a null phenotype in A30 but are present in both Apogee and Freedom, indicating a spontaneous deletion occurred during the development of A30. Aneuploid analysis revealed that the size of the deleted segment is approximately 19% of the arm's length. Our results suggest that the deleted interval of chromosome arm 3DL in Apogee may harbor FHB susceptibility genes that promote disease spread in infected spikes, and that their elimination increases FHB resistance in a novel manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Garvin
- a USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Hedera Porter
- b Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | | - Shiaoman Chao
- c USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ruth Dill-Macky
- b Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Stuart J. Insect effectors and gene-for-gene interactions with host plants. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 9:56-61. [PMID: 32846709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Within the context of the four-phase model of plant immunity, gene-for-gene interactions have gained new relevance. Genes conferring resistance to the Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) and the small brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) have been cloned in rice (Oryza sativa). Mutations in insect avirulence genes that defeat plant resistance have been identified and cloned. Results are consistent with both the gene-for-gene hypothesis and the new model of plant immunity. Insect resistance genes encode proteins with nucleotide binding sites and leucine-rich repeats. Insects use effectors that elicit effector-triggered immunity. At least seven-percent of Hessian fly genes are effector encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Stuart
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Ye X, Lu Y, Liu W, Chen G, Han H, Zhang J, Yang X, Li X, Gao A, Li L. The effects of chromosome 6P on fertile tiller number of wheat as revealed in wheat-Agropyron cristatum chromosome 5A/6P translocation lines. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:797-811. [PMID: 25656149 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the genetic constitutions of several wheat- A. cristatum translocation lines and determined the effects of A. cristatum 6P chromosome segments on fertile tiller number in wheat. Progress in wheat breeding is hampered by a relatively narrow range of genetic variation. To overcome this hurdle, wild relatives of common wheat with superior agronomic traits are often used as donors of desirable genes in wheat-breeding programs. One of the successfully utilized wheat wild relatives is Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn (2n = 4x = 28; genomes PPPP). We previously reported that WAT31-13 was a wheat-A. cristatum 5A-6P reciprocal translocation line with higher fertile tiller number and grain number per spike compared to common wheat. However, WAT31-13 was genetically unstable. In this study, we analyzed the 43 genetically stable progenies from WAT31-13 using genomic in situ hybridization, dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization, and molecular markers. We classified them into three translocation types (TrS, TrL and TrA) and seven subtypes, and also pinpointed the translocation breakpoint. The genotypic data, combined with the phenotypes of each translocation type, enabled us to physically map agronomic traits to specific A. cristatum 6P chromosome arms or segments. Our results indicated that A. cristatum chromosome 6P played an important role in regulating fertile tiller number, and that positive and negative regulators of fertile tiller number existed on the A. cristatum chromosome arm 6PS and 6PL, respectively. By exploring the relationship between fertile tiller number and A. cristatum chromosome segment, this study presented a number of feasible approaches for creation, analysis, and utilization of wheat-alien chromosome translocation lines in genetic improvement of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ye
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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10
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Yu G, Zhang Q, Friesen TL, Rouse MN, Jin Y, Zhong S, Rasmussen JB, Lagudah ES, Xu SS. Identification and mapping of Sr46 from Aegilops tauschii accession CIae 25 conferring resistance to race TTKSK (Ug99) of wheat stem rust pathogen. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:431-43. [PMID: 25523501 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mapping studies confirm that resistance to Ug99 race of stem rust pathogen in Aegilops tauschii accession Clae 25 is conditioned by Sr46 and markers linked to the gene were developed for marker-assisted selection. The race TTKSK (Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal pathogen for wheat stem rust, is considered as a major threat to global wheat production. To address this threat, researchers across the world have been devoted to identifying TTKSK-resistant genes. Here, we report the identification and mapping of a stem rust resistance gene in Aegilops tauschii accession CIae 25 that confers resistance to TTKSK and the development of molecular markers for the gene. An F2 population of 710 plants from an Ae. tauschii cross CIae 25 × AL8/78 were first evaluated against race TPMKC. A set of 14 resistant and 116 susceptible F2:3 families from the F2 plants were then evaluated for their reactions to TTKSK. Based on the tests, 179 homozygous susceptible F2 plants were selected as the mapping population to identify the simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence tagged site (STS) markers linked to the gene by bulk segregant analysis. A dominant stem rust resistance gene was identified and mapped with 16 SSR and five new STS markers to the deletion bin 2DS5-0.47-1.00 of chromosome arm 2DS in which Sr46 was located. Molecular marker and stem rust tests on CIae 25 and two Ae. tauschii accessions carrying Sr46 confirmed that the gene in CIae 25 is Sr46. This study also demonstrated that Sr46 is temperature-sensitive being less effective at low temperatures. The marker validation indicated that two closely linked markers Xgwm210 and Xwmc111 can be used for marker-assisted selection of Sr46 in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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11
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Niu Z, Klindworth DL, Yu G, L Friesen T, Chao S, Jin Y, Cai X, Ohm JB, Rasmussen JB, Xu SS. Development and characterization of wheat lines carrying stem rust resistance gene Sr43 derived from Thinopyrum ponticum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:969-80. [PMID: 24504553 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wheat lines carrying Ug99-effective stem rust resistance gene Sr43 on shortened alien chromosome segments were produced using chromosome engineering, and molecular markers linked to Sr43 were identified for marker-assisted selection. Stem rust resistance gene Sr43, transferred into common wheat (Triticum aestivum) from Thinopyrum ponticum, is an effective gene against stem rust Ug99 races. However, this gene has not been used in wheat breeding because it is located on a large Th. ponticum 7el(2) chromosome segment, which also harbors genes for undesirable traits. The objective of this study was to eliminate excessive Th. ponticum chromatin surrounding Sr43 to make it usable in wheat breeding. The two original translocation lines KS10-2 and KS24-1 carrying Sr43 were first analyzed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and florescent genomic in situ hybridization. Six SSR markers located on wheat chromosome arm 7DL were identified to be associated with the Th. ponticum chromatin in KS10-2 and KS24-1. The results confirmed that KS24-1 is a 7DS·7el(2)L Robertsonian translocation as previously reported. However, KS10-2, which was previously designated as a 7el(2)S·7el(2)L-7DL translocation, was identified as a 7DS-7el(2)S·7el(2)L translocation. To reduce the Th. ponticum chromatin carrying Sr43, a BC(2)F(1) population (Chinese Spring//Chinese Spring ph1bph1b*2/KS10-2) containing ph1b-induced homoeologous recombinants was developed, tested with stem rust, and genotyped with the six SSR markers identified above. Two new wheat lines (RWG33 and RWG34) carrying Sr43 on shortened alien chromosome segments (about 17.5 and 13.7 % of the translocation chromosomes, respectively) were obtained, and two molecular markers linked to Sr43 in these lines were identified. The new wheat lines with Sr43 and the closely linked markers provide new resources for improving resistance to Ug99 and other races of stem rust in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Niu
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
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12
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Li C, Chen M, Chao S, Yu J, Bai G. Identification of a novel gene, H34, in wheat using recombinant inbred lines and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:2065-71. [PMID: 23689741 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hessian fly (HF), Mayetiola destructor, is an important pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Because it has multiple biotypes that are virulent to different wheat HF resistance genes, pyramiding multiple resistance genes in a cultivar can improve resistance durability, and finding DNA markers tightly linked to these genes is essential to this process. This study identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Hessian fly resistance (HFR) in the wheat cultivar 'Clark' and tightly linked DNA markers for the QTLs. A linkage map was constructed with single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross 'Ning7840' × 'Clark' by single-seed descent. Two QTLs associated with resistance to fly biotype GP were identified on chromosomes 6B and 1A, with the resistance alleles contributed from 'Clark'. The QTL on 6B flanked by loci Xsnp921 and Xsnp2745 explained about 37.2 % of the phenotypic variation, and the QTL on 1A was flanked by Xgwm33 and Xsnp5150 and accounted for 13.3 % of phenotypic variation for HFR. The QTL on 6B has not been reported before and represents a novel wheat gene with resistance to HF, thus, it is designated H34. A significant positive epistasis was detected between the two QTLs that accounted for about 9.5 % of the mean phenotypic variation and increased HFR by 0.16. Our results indicated that different QTLs may contribute different degrees of resistance in a cultivar and that epistasis may play an important role in HFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Hao Y, Cambron SE, Chen Z, Wang Y, Bland DE, Buntin GD, Johnson JW. Characterization of new loci for Hessian fly resistance in common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:1067-76. [PMID: 23296492 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of several new loci for resistance to Hessian fly was reported here. QHf.uga-6AL, the late HR61 was recognized from wheat cultivar 26R61 on the distal end of 6AL with resistance to both biotypes E and vH13. It is the first gene or QTL found on this particular chromosome. QHf.uga-3DL and QHf.uga-1AL, physically assigned to the deletion bins 3DL2-0.27-0.81 and 1AL1-0.17-0.61, respectively, were detected for resistance to biotype vH13. Both QTL should represent new loci for Hessian fly resistance and the latter was detectable only in the late seedling stage when tolerance was evident. In addition, QHf.uga-6DS-C and QHf.uga-1AS had minor effect and were identified from the susceptible parent AGS 2000 for resistance to biotype E and vH13, respectively. QHf.uga-6DS-C is different from the known gene H13 on 6DS and QHf.uga-1AS is different from H9 gene cluster on 1AS. These loci also might be new components of Hessian fly resistance, although their LOD values were not highly significant. The QTL detections were all conducted on a RIL mapping population of 26R61/AGS 2000 with good genome coverage of molecular markers. The strategy used in the current study will serve as a good starting point for the discovery and mapping of resistance genes including tolerance to the pest and the closely linked markers will certainly be useful in selecting or pyramiding of these loci in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Hao
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
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14
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VanDoorn A, de Vos M. Resistance to sap-sucking insects in modern-day agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:222. [PMID: 23818892 PMCID: PMC3694213 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants and herbivores have co-evolved in their natural habitats for about 350 million years, but since the domestication of crops, plant resistance against insects has taken a different turn. With the onset of monoculture-driven modern agriculture, selective pressure on insects to overcome resistances has dramatically increased. Therefore plant breeders have resorted to high-tech tools to continuously create new insect-resistant crops. Efforts in the past 30 years have resulted in elucidation of mechanisms of many effective plant defenses against insect herbivores. Here, we critically appraise these efforts and - with a focus on sap-sucking insects - discuss how these findings have contributed to herbivore-resistant crops. Moreover, in this review we try to assess where future challenges and opportunities lay ahead. Of particular importance will be a mandatory reduction in systemic pesticide usage and thus a greater reliance on alternative methods, such as improved plant genetics for plant resistance to insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen VanDoorn
- Keygene NV, WageningenNetherlands
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin de Vos
- Keygene NV, WageningenNetherlands
- *Correspondence: Martin de Vos, Keygene NV, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, Netherlands e-mail:
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15
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Abstract
The recognition of phytophagous insects by plants induces a set of very specific responses aimed at deterring tissue consumption and reprogramming metabolism and development of the plant to tolerate the herbivore. The recognition of insects by plants requires the plant's ability to perceive chemical cues generated by the insects and to distinguish a particular pattern of tissue disruption. Relatively little is known about the molecular basis of insect perception by plants and the signalling mechanisms directly associated with this perception. Importantly, the insect feeding behaviour (piercing-sucking versus chewing) is a decisive determinant of the plant's defence response, and the mechanisms used to perceive insects from different feeding guilds may be distinct. During insect feeding, components of the saliva of chewing or piercing-sucking insects come into contact with plant cells, and elicitors or effectors present in this insect-derived fluid are perceived by plant cells to initiate the activation of specific signalling cascades. Although receptor-ligand interactions controlling insect perception have yet not been molecularly described, a significant number of regulatory components acting downstream of receptors and involved in the activation of defence responses against insects has been reported. Some of these regulators mediate changes in the phytohormone network, while others directly control gene expression or the redox state of the cell. These processes are central in the orchestration of plant defence responses against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bonaventure
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
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16
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Stuart JJ, Chen MS, Shukle R, Harris MO. Gall midges (Hessian flies) as plant pathogens. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2012; 50:339-57. [PMID: 22656645 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gall midges constitute an important group of plant-parasitic insects. The Hessian fly (HF; Mayetiola destructor), the most investigated gall midge, was the first insect hypothesized to have a gene-for-gene interaction with its host plant, wheat (Triticum spp.). Recent investigations support that hypothesis. The minute larval mandibles appear to act in a manner that is analogous to nematode stylets and the haustoria of filamentous plant pathogens. Putative effector proteins are encoded by hundreds of genes and expressed in the HF larval salivary gland. Cultivar-specific resistance (R) genes mediate a highly localized plant reaction that prevents the survival of avirulent HF larvae. Fine-scale mapping of HF avirulence (Avr) genes provides further evidence of effector-triggered immunity (ETI) against HF in wheat. Taken together, these discoveries suggest that the HF, and other gall midges, may be considered biotrophic, or hemibiotrophic, plant pathogens, and they demonstrate the potential that the wheat-HF interaction has in the study of insect-induced plant gall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Stuart
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2089, USA.
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17
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Broekgaarden C, Snoeren TAL, Dicke M, Vosman B. Exploiting natural variation to identify insect-resistance genes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:819-25. [PMID: 21679292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects are widespread and often serious constraints to crop production. The use of insect-resistant crops is a very effective way to control insect pests in agriculture, and the development of such crops can be greatly enhanced by knowledge on plant resistance mechanisms and the genes involved. Plants have evolved diverse ways to cope with insect attack that has resulted in natural variation for resistance towards herbivorous insects. Studying the molecular genetics and transcriptional background of this variation has facilitated the identification of resistance genes and processes that lead to resistance against insects. With the development of new technologies, molecular studies are not restricted to model plants anymore. This review addresses the need to exploit natural variation in resistance towards insects to increase our knowledge on resistance mechanisms and the genes involved. We will discuss how this knowledge can be exploited in breeding programmes to provide sustainable crop protection against insect pests. Additionally, we discuss the current status of genetic research on insect-resistance genes. We conclude that insect-resistance mechanisms are still unclear at the molecular level and that exploiting natural variation with novel technologies will contribute greatly to the development of insect-resistant crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Broekgaarden
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Anderson KM, Kang Q, Reber J, Harris MO. No fitness cost for wheat's H gene-mediated resistance to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1393-1405. [PMID: 21882709 DOI: 10.1603/ec11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Resistance (R) genes have a proven record for protecting plants against biotic stress. A problem is parasite adaptation via Avirulence (Avr) mutations, which allows the parasite to colonize the R gene plant. Scientists hope to make R genes more durable by stacking them in a single cultivar. However, stacking assumes that R gene-mediated resistance has no fitness cost for the plant. We tested this assumption for wheat's resistance to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Our study included ten plant fitness measures and four wheat genotypes, one susceptible, and three expressing either the H6, H9, or H13 resistance gene. Because R gene-mediated resistance has two components, we measured two types of costs: the cost of the constitutively-expressed H gene, which functions in plant surveillance, and the cost of the downstream induced responses, which were triggered by Hessian fly larvae rather than a chemical elicitor. For the constitutively expressed Hgene, some measures indicated costs, but a greater number of measures indicated benefits of simply expressing the H gene. For the induced resistance, instead of costs, resistant plants showed benefits of being attacked. Resistant plants were more likely to survive attack than susceptible plants, and surviving resistant plants produced higher yield and quality. We discuss why resistance to the Hessian fly has little or no cost and propose that tolerance is important, with compensatory growth occurring after H gene-mediated resistance kills the larva. We end with a caution: Given that plants were given good growing conditions, fitness costs may be found under conditions of greater biotic or abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk M Anderson
- Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo ND 58108, USA.
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19
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Mur LAJ, Allainguillaume J, Catalán P, Hasterok R, Jenkins G, Lesniewska K, Thomas I, Vogel J. Exploiting the Brachypodium Tool Box in cereal and grass research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:334-347. [PMID: 21623796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is now a decade since Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) was suggested as a model species for temperate grasses and cereals. Since then transformation protocols, large expressed sequence tag (EST) databases, tools for forward and reverse genetic screens, highly refined cytogenetic probes, germplasm collections and, recently, a complete genome sequence have been generated. In this review, we will describe the current status of the Brachypodium Tool Box and how it is beginning to be applied to study a range of biological traits. Further, as genomic analysis of larger cereals and forage grasses genomes are becoming easier, we will re-evaluate Brachypodium as a model species. We suggest that there remains an urgent need to employ reverse genetic and functional genomic approaches to identify the functionality of key genetic elements, which could be employed subsequently in plant breeding programmes; and a requirement for a Pooideae reference genome to aid assembling large pooid genomes. Brachypodium is an ideal system for functional genomic studies, because of its easy growth requirements, small physical stature, and rapid life cycle, coupled with the resources offered by the Brachypodium Tool Box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Joel Allainguillaume
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Department of Agriculture, University of Zaragoza, High Polytechnic School of Huesca, Ctra. Cuarte km 1, ES-22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - Robert Hasterok
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Glyn Jenkins
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Karolina Lesniewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, PL-40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ianto Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3DA, UK
| | - John Vogel
- USDA ARS Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710 USA
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20
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21
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Zhang H, Anderson KM, Reber J, Stuart JJ, Cambron S, Harris MO. A reproductive fitness cost associated with Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) virulence to wheat's H gene-mediated resistance. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:1055-64. [PMID: 21735929 DOI: 10.1603/ec10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied whether adaptation of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), to plant resistance incurs fitness costs. In this gene-for-gene interaction, adaptation to a single H resistance gene occurs via loss of a single effector encoded by an Avirulence gene. By losing the effector, the adapted larva now survives on the H gene plant, presumably because it evades the plant's H gene-mediated surveillance system. The problem is the Hessian fly larva needs its effectors for colonization. Thus, for adapted individuals, there may be a cost for losing the effector, with this then creating a trade-off between surviving on H-resistant plants and growing on plants that lack H genes. In two different tests, we used wheat lacking H genes to compare the survival and growth of a nonadapted strain to two H-adapted strains. The two adapted strains differed in that one had been selected for adaptation to H9, whereas the other strain had been selected for adaptation to H13. Tests showed that two H-adapted strains were similar to the nonadapted strain in egg-to-adult survival but that they differed in producing adults with smaller wings. By using known relationships between wing length and reproductive potential, we found that losses in wing length underestimate losses in reproductive potential. For example, H9- and H13-adapted females had 9 and 3% wing losses, respectively, but they were estimated to have 32 and 12% losses in egg production. Fitness costs of adaptation will be investigated further via selection experiments comparing Avirulence allele frequencies for Hessian fly populations exposed or not exposed to H genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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22
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Wiebe K, Harris NS, Faris JD, Clarke JM, Knox RE, Taylor GJ, Pozniak CJ. Targeted mapping of Cdu1, a major locus regulating grain cadmium concentration in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 121:1047-58. [PMID: 20559817 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Some durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars have the genetic propensity to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in the grain. A major gene controlling grain Cd concentration designated as Cdu1 has been reported on 5B, but the genetic factor(s) conferring the low Cd phenotype are currently unknown. The objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring Cdu1 with newly developed PCR-based markers and to investigate the colinearity of this wheat chromosomal region with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Brachypodium distachyon genomes. Genetic mapping of markers linked to Cdu1 in a population of recombinant inbred substitution lines revealed that the gene(s) associated with variation in Cd concentration resides in wheat bin 5BL9 between fraction breakpoints 0.76 and 0.79. Genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of grain Cd concentration was performed in 155 doubled haploid lines from the cross W9262-260D3 (low Cd) by Kofa (high Cd) revealed two expressed sequence tag markers (ESMs) and one sequence tagged site (STS) marker that co-segregated with Cdu1 and explained >80% of the phenotypic variation in grain Cd concentration. A second, minor QTL for grain Cd concentration was also identified on 5B, 67 cM proximal to Cdu1. The Cdu1 interval spans 286 kbp of rice chromosome 3 and 282 kbp of Brachypodium chromosome 1. The markers and rice and Brachypodium colinearity described here represent tools that will assist in the positional cloning of Cdu1 and can be used to select for low Cd accumulation in durum wheat breeding programs targeting this trait. The isolation of Cdu1 will further our knowledge of Cd accumulation in cereals as well as metal accumulation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wiebe
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
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23
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Xue S, Li G, Jia H, Xu F, Lin F, Tang M, Wang Y, An X, Xu H, Zhang L, Kong Z, Ma Z. Fine mapping Fhb4, a major QTL conditioning resistance to Fusarium infection in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 121:147-56. [PMID: 20198469 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Qfhi.nau-4B is a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) against Fusarium graminearum infection identified in the Fusarium head blight-resistant germplasm Wangshuibai. To fine map this QTL, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 530 lines derived from Nanda2419 x Wangshuibai and the BC(3)F(2) population derived from the cross of a Qfhi.nau-4B near isogenic line (NIL) with susceptible cultivar Mianyang 99-323 as the recurrent parent were screened for recombinants occurred between microsatellite markers Xbarc20 and Xwmc349 that flank Qfhi.nau-4B. A total of 95 recombinants were obtained, including 45 RIL recombinants obtained through reverse-selection of Qfhi.nau-5A and 50 NIL recombinants from the BC(3)F(2) population. Genotyping these recombinant lines with 22 markers mapping to the Xbarc20 and Xwmc349 interval revealed fourteen genotypes of the RIL recombinants as well as of the NIL recombinants. Two-year field evaluation of their resistance to Fusarium infection showed that these lines could be clearly classified into two groups according to percentage of infected spikes. The more resistant class had over 60% less infection than the susceptible class and were common to have Wangshuibai chromatin in the 1.7-cM interval flanked by Xhbg226 and Xgwm149. None of the susceptible recombinants had this Wangshuibai chromatin. Qfhi.nau-4B was thus confined between Xhbg226 and Xgwm149 and named Fhb4. The interval harboring Fhb4 was mapped to 4BL5-0.86-1.00 bin using Chinese Spring deletion lines, a region with about 5.7 times higher recombination rate than the genome average. This study established the basis for map-based cloning of Fhb4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Xue
- The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Harris MO, Freeman TP, Moore JA, Anderson KG, Payne SA, Anderson KM, Rohfritsch O. H-gene-mediated resistance to Hessian fly exhibits features of penetration resistance to fungi. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2010; 100:279-289. [PMID: 20128702 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-100-3-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Features shared by host-specific phytophagous insects and biotrophic plant pathogens include gene-for-gene interactions and the ability to induce susceptibility in plants. The Hessian fly shows both. To protect against Hessian fly, grasses have H genes. Avirulent larvae die on H-gene-containing resistant plants but the cause of death is not known. Imaging techniques were used to examine epidermal cells at larval attack sites, comparing four resistant wheat genotypes (H6, H9, H13, and H26) to a susceptible genotype. Present in both resistant and susceptible plants attacked by larvae were small holes in the tangential cell wall, with the size of the holes (0.1 microm in diameter) matching that of the larval mandible. Absent from attacked resistant plants were signs of induced susceptibility, including nutritive tissue and ruptured cell walls. Present in attacked resistant plants were signs of induced resistance, including cell death and fortification of the cell wall. Both presumably limit larval access to food, because the larva feeds on the leaf surface by sucking up liquids released from ruptured cells. Resistance was associated with several subcellular responses, including elaboration of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex and associated vesicles. Similar responses are observed in plant resistance to fungi, suggesting that "vesicle-associated penetration resistance" also functions against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Harris
- Department of Entomology, NDSU, Fargo, 58105, USA.
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