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Bayer PE, Edwards D. Investigating Pangenome Graphs Using Wheat Panache. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2703:23-29. [PMID: 37646934 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3389-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pangenome graphs quickly become the central data structure representing the diversity of variation we see across related genomes. Pangenome graphs have been published for some species, including plants of agronomic interest. However, visualizing these graphs is not easy as the graphs are large, and variants within these graphs are complex. Tools are needed to visualize graph data structures. Here, we present a workflow to search and visualize a wheat pangenome graph using Wheat Panache. The approach presented assists researchers interested in wheat genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E Bayer
- Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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2
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Cápal P, Said M, Molnár I, Doležel J. Flow Cytometric Analysis and Sorting of Plant Chromosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2672:177-200. [PMID: 37335476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3226-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry offers a unique way of analyzing and manipulating plant chromosomes. During a rapid movement in a liquid stream, large populations can be classified in a short time according to their fluorescence and light scatter properties. Chromosomes whose optical properties differ from other chromosomes in a karyotype can be purified by flow sorting and used in a range of applications in cytogenetics, molecular biology, genomics, and proteomics. As the samples for flow cytometry must be liquid suspensions of single particles, intact chromosomes must be released from mitotic cells. This protocol describes a procedure for preparation of suspensions of mitotic metaphase chromosomes from meristem root tips and their flow cytometric analysis and sorting for various downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Cápal
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - István Molnár
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Isolation and Sequencing of Chromosome Arm 7RS of Rye, Secale cereale. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911106. [PMID: 36232406 PMCID: PMC9569962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale) is a climate-resilient cereal grown extensively as grain or forage crop in Northern and Eastern Europe. In addition to being an important crop, it has been used to improve wheat through introgression of genomic regions for improved yield and disease resistance. Understanding the genomic diversity of rye will assist both the improvement of this crop and facilitate the introgression of more valuable traits into wheat. Here, we isolated and sequenced the short arm of rye chromosome 7 (7RS) from Triticale 380SD using flow cytometry and compared it to the public Lo7 rye whole genome reference assembly. We identify 2747 Lo7 genes present on the isolated chromosome arm and two clusters containing seven and sixty-five genes that are present on Triticale 380SD 7RS, but absent from Lo7 7RS. We identified 29 genes that are not assigned to chromosomal locations in the Lo7 assembly but are present on Triticale 380SD 7RS, suggesting a chromosome arm location for these genes. Our study supports the Lo7 reference assembly and provides a repertoire of genes on Triticale 7RS.
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Hussain B, Akpınar BA, Alaux M, Algharib AM, Sehgal D, Ali Z, Aradottir GI, Batley J, Bellec A, Bentley AR, Cagirici HB, Cattivelli L, Choulet F, Cockram J, Desiderio F, Devaux P, Dogramaci M, Dorado G, Dreisigacker S, Edwards D, El-Hassouni K, Eversole K, Fahima T, Figueroa M, Gálvez S, Gill KS, Govta L, Gul A, Hensel G, Hernandez P, Crespo-Herrera LA, Ibrahim A, Kilian B, Korzun V, Krugman T, Li Y, Liu S, Mahmoud AF, Morgounov A, Muslu T, Naseer F, Ordon F, Paux E, Perovic D, Reddy GVP, Reif JC, Reynolds M, Roychowdhury R, Rudd J, Sen TZ, Sukumaran S, Ozdemir BS, Tiwari VK, Ullah N, Unver T, Yazar S, Appels R, Budak H. Capturing Wheat Phenotypes at the Genome Level. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:851079. [PMID: 35860541 PMCID: PMC9289626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.851079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have dramatically reduced the cost of DNA sequencing, allowing species with large and complex genomes to be sequenced. Although bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important food crops, efficient exploitation of molecular marker-assisted breeding approaches has lagged behind that achieved in other crop species, due to its large polyploid genome. However, an international public-private effort spanning 9 years reported over 65% draft genome of bread wheat in 2014, and finally, after more than a decade culminated in the release of a gold-standard, fully annotated reference wheat-genome assembly in 2018. Shortly thereafter, in 2020, the genome of assemblies of additional 15 global wheat accessions was released. As a result, wheat has now entered into the pan-genomic era, where basic resources can be efficiently exploited. Wheat genotyping with a few hundred markers has been replaced by genotyping arrays, capable of characterizing hundreds of wheat lines, using thousands of markers, providing fast, relatively inexpensive, and reliable data for exploitation in wheat breeding. These advances have opened up new opportunities for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in wheat. Herein, we review the advances and perspectives in wheat genetics and genomics, with a focus on key traits, including grain yield, yield-related traits, end-use quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We also focus on reported candidate genes cloned and linked to traits of interest. Furthermore, we report on the improvement in the aforementioned quantitative traits, through the use of (i) clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated gene-editing and (ii) positional cloning methods, and of genomic selection. Finally, we examine the utilization of genomics for the next-generation wheat breeding, providing a practical example of using in silico bioinformatics tools that are based on the wheat reference-genome sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Michael Alaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, URGI, Versailles, France
| | - Ahmed M. Algharib
- Department of Environment and Bio-Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Gudbjorg I. Aradottir
- Department of Pathology, The National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Arnaud Bellec
- French Plant Genomic Resource Center, INRAE-CNRGV, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Alison R. Bentley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Halise B. Cagirici
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Fred Choulet
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - James Cockram
- The John Bingham Laboratory, The National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Desiderio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Pierre Devaux
- Research & Innovation, Florimond Desprez Group, Cappelle-en-Pévèle, France
| | - Munevver Dogramaci
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Department of Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - David Edwards
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Khaoula El-Hassouni
- State Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kellye Eversole
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sergio Gálvez
- Department of Languages and Computer Science, ETSI Informática, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kulvinder S. Gill
- Department of Crop Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Liubov Govta
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Center of Plant Genome Engineering, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Molecular Biology, Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agriculture Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pilar Hernandez
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Amir Ibrahim
- Crop and Soil Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yinghui Li
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Crop and Soil Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Amer F. Mahmoud
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alexey Morgounov
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tugdem Muslu
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faiza Naseer
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Frank Ordon
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Etienne Paux
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, INRAE, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dragan Perovic
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, United States
| | - Jochen Christoph Reif
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Rajib Roychowdhury
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jackie Rudd
- Crop and Soil Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Taner Z. Sen
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Naimat Ullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences (IBS), Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Turgay Unver
- Ficus Biotechnology, Ostim Teknopark, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selami Yazar
- General Directorate of Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hikmet Budak
- Montana BioAgriculture, Inc., Missoula, MT, United States
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5
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Sharma H, Batra R, Kumar S, Kumar M, Kumar S, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. Identification and characterization of 20S proteasome genes and their relevance to heat/drought tolerance in bread wheat. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Keilwagen J, Lehnert H, Berner T, Badaeva E, Himmelbach A, Börner A, Kilian B. Detecting major introgressions in wheat and their putative origins using coverage analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1908. [PMID: 35115645 PMCID: PMC8813953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introgressions from crop wild relatives (CWRs) have been used to introduce beneficial traits into cultivated plants. Introgressions have traditionally been detected using cytological methods. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based methods have been proposed to detect introgressions in crosses for which both parents are known. However, for unknown material, no method was available to detect introgressions and predict the putative donor species. Here, we present a method to detect introgressions and the putative donor species. We demonstrate the utility of this method using 10 publicly available wheat genome sequences and identify nine major introgressions. We show that the method can distinguish different introgressions at the same locus. We trace introgressions to early wheat cultivars and show that natural introgressions were utilised in early breeding history and still influence elite lines today. Finally, we provide evidence that these introgressions harbour resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Badaeva
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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7
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Keilwagen J, Lehnert H, Berner T, Badaeva E, Himmelbach A, Börner A, Kilian B. Detecting major introgressions in wheat and their putative origins using coverage analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1908. [PMID: 35115645 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-910879/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introgressions from crop wild relatives (CWRs) have been used to introduce beneficial traits into cultivated plants. Introgressions have traditionally been detected using cytological methods. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based methods have been proposed to detect introgressions in crosses for which both parents are known. However, for unknown material, no method was available to detect introgressions and predict the putative donor species. Here, we present a method to detect introgressions and the putative donor species. We demonstrate the utility of this method using 10 publicly available wheat genome sequences and identify nine major introgressions. We show that the method can distinguish different introgressions at the same locus. We trace introgressions to early wheat cultivars and show that natural introgressions were utilised in early breeding history and still influence elite lines today. Finally, we provide evidence that these introgressions harbour resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Badaeva
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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8
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Zwyrtková J, Šimková H, Doležel J. Chromosome genomics uncovers plant genome organization and function. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107659. [PMID: 33259907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of causal genomic loci and their interactions underlying various traits in plants has been greatly aided by progress in understanding the organization of the nuclear genome. This provides clues to the responses of plants to environmental stimuli at the molecular level. Apart from other uses, these insights are needed to fully explore the potential of new breeding techniques that rely on genome editing. However, genome analysis and sequencing is not straightforward in the many agricultural crops and their wild relatives that possess large and complex genomes. Chromosome genomics streamlines this task by dissecting the genome to single chromosomes whose DNA is then used instead of nuclear DNA. This results in a massive and lossless reduction in DNA sample complexity, reduces the time and cost of the experiment, and simplifies data interpretation. Flow cytometric sorting of condensed mitotic chromosomes makes it possible to purify single chromosomes in large quantities, and as the DNA remains intact this process can be coupled successfully with many techniques in molecular biology and genomics. Since the first experiments with flow cytometric sorting in the late 1980s, numerous applications have been developed, and chromosome genomics has been having a significant impact in many areas of research, including the sequencing of complex genomes of important crops and gene cloning. This review discusses these applications, describes their contribution to advancements in plant genome analysis and gene cloning, and outlines future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zwyrtková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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9
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Feng K, Cui L, Wang L, Shan D, Tong W, Deng P, Yan Z, Wang M, Zhan H, Wu X, He W, Zhou X, Ji J, Zhang G, Mao L, Karafiátová M, Šimková H, Doležel J, Du X, Zhao S, Luo M, Han D, Zhang C, Kang Z, Appels R, Edwards D, Nie X, Weining S. The improved assembly of 7DL chromosome provides insight into the structure and evolution of bread wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:732-742. [PMID: 31471988 PMCID: PMC7004910 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide and also an excellent model species for crop evolution and polyploidization studies. The breakthrough of sequencing the bread wheat genome and progenitor genomes lays the foundation to decipher the complexity of wheat origin and evolutionary process as well as the genetic consequences of polyploidization. In this study, we sequenced 3286 BACs from chromosome 7DL of bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring and integrated the unmapped contigs from IWGSC v1 and available PacBio sequences to close gaps present in the 7DL assembly. In total, 8043 out of 12 825 gaps, representing 3 491 264 bp, were closed. We then used the improved assembly of 7DL to perform comparative genomic analysis of bread wheat (Ta7DL) and its D donor, Aegilops tauschii (At7DL), to identify domestication signatures. Results showed a strong syntenic relationship between Ta7DL and At7DL, although some small rearrangements were detected at the distal regions. A total of 53 genes appear to be lost genes during wheat polyploidization, with 23% (12 genes) as RGA (disease resistance gene analogue). Furthermore, 86 positively selected genes (PSGs) were identified, considered to be domestication-related candidates. Finally, overlapping of QTLs obtained from GWAS analysis and PSGs indicated that TraesCS7D02G321000 may be one of the domestication genes involved in grain morphology. This study provides comparative information on the sequence, structure and organization between bread wheat and Ae. tauschii from the perspective of the 7DL chromosome, which contribute to better understanding of the evolution of wheat, and supports wheat crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Licao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- College of Bioscience and EngineeringJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Dai Shan
- BGI GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Pingchuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Zhaogui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry InformationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Mengxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Haoshuang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | | | | | | | | | - Long Mao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm EnhancementMinistry of AgricultureThe National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Miroslava Karafiátová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental BotanyOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Hana Šimková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental BotanyOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental BotanyOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Xianghong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Shancen Zhao
- BGI Institute of Applied AgricultureBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Ming‐Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Chi Zhang
- BGI GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Rudi Appels
- State Agriculture Biotechnology CentreSchool of Veterinary and Life SciencesAustralia Export Grains Innovation CentreMurdoch UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Song Weining
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasCollege of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement CenterNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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10
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Yang J, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Hu W, Wu Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Guo G, Liu Z, Cao T, Zhao H. Cloning, characterization of TaGS3 and identification of allelic variation associated with kernel traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genet 2019; 20:98. [PMID: 31852431 PMCID: PMC6921503 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grain weight is an important yield component. Selection of advanced lines with heavy grains show high grain sink potentials and strong sink activity, which is an increasingly important objective in wheat breeding programs. Rice OsGS3 has been identified as a major quantitative trait locus for both grain weight and grain size. However, allelic variation of GS3 has not been characterized previously in hexaploid wheat. Results We cloned 2445, 2393, and 2409 bp sequences of the homologs TaGS3-4A, TaGS3-7A, and TaGS3-7D in wheat ‘Changzhi 6406’, a cultivar that shows high grain weight. The TaGS3 genes each contained five exons and four introns, and encoded a deduced protein of 170, 169, and 169 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of plant GS3 protein sequences revealed GS3 to be a monocotyledon-specific gene and the GS3 proteins were resolved into three classes. The length of the atypical Gγ domain and the cysteine-rich region was conserved within each class and not conserved between classes. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the fifth exon (at position 1907) of TaGS3-7A leads to an amino acid change (ALA/THR) and showed different frequencies in two pools of Chinese wheat accessions representing extremes in grain weight. Association analysis indicated that the TaGS3-7A-A allele was associated with higher grain weight in the natural population. The TaGS3-7A-A allele was favoured in global modern wheat cultivars but the allelic frequency varied among different wheat-production regions of China, which indicated that this allele is of potential utility to improve wheat grain weight in certain wheat-production areas of China. Conclusions The novel molecular information on wheat GS3 homologs and the KASP functional marker designed in this study may be useful in marker-assisted breeding for genetic improvement of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Wheat, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Wheat, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yu'e Zhang
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Wheat, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Wheat, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Wheat, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Guanghao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tingjie Cao
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Wheat, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Wheat, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
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11
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Zhao Y, Ma R, Xu D, Bi H, Xia Z, Peng H. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the AP2 Transcription Factor Gene Family in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1286. [PMID: 31681381 PMCID: PMC6797823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The AP2 transcription factors play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, limited data are available on the contributions of AP2 transcription factors in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the present study, a total of 62 AP2 genes were identified in wheat from a genome-wide search against the latest wheat genome data. Phylogenetic and sequence alignment analyses divided the wheat AP2 genes into 3 clusters, euAP2, euANT, and basalANT. Chromosomal distribution, gene structure and duplication, and motif composition were subsequently investigated. The 62 TaAP2 genes were unevenly distributed on 21 chromosomes. Twenty-four homologous gene sets among A, B, and D sub-genomes were detected, which contributed to the expansion of the wheat AP2 gene family. The expression levels of TaAP2 genes were examined using the WheatExp database; most detected genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. The transcript levels of 9 randomly selected TaAP2 genes were validated through qPCR analyses. Overexpression of TaAP2-10-5D, the most likely homolog of Arabidopsis ANT gene, increased organ sizes in Arabidopsis. Our results extend our knowledge of the AP2 gene family in wheat, and contribute to further functional characterization of AP2s during wheat development with the ultimate goal of improving crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Renyi Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Bi
- College of Agronomy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Akpinar BA, Biyiklioglu S, Alptekin B, Havránková M, Vrána J, Doležel J, Distelfeld A, Hernandez P, Budak H. Chromosome-based survey sequencing reveals the genome organization of wild wheat progenitor Triticum dicoccoides. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:2077-2087. [PMID: 29729062 PMCID: PMC6230948 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is the progenitor of wheat. We performed chromosome-based survey sequencing of the 14 chromosomes, examining repetitive sequences, protein-coding genes, miRNA/target pairs and tRNA genes, as well as syntenic relationships with related grasses. We found considerable differences in the content and distribution of repetitive sequences between the A and B subgenomes. The gene contents of individual chromosomes varied widely, not necessarily correlating with chromosome size. We catalogued candidate agronomically important loci, along with new alleles and flanking sequences that can be used to design exome sequencing. Syntenic relationships and virtual gene orders revealed several small-scale evolutionary rearrangements, in addition to providing evidence for the 4AL-5AL-7BS translocation in wild emmer wheat. Chromosome-based sequence assemblies contained five novel miRNA families, among 59 families putatively encoded in the entire genome which provide insight into the domestication of wheat and an overview of the genome content and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Ani Akpinar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyCereal Genomics LabMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Sezgi Biyiklioglu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyCereal Genomics LabMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Burcu Alptekin
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyCereal Genomics LabMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Miroslava Havránková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental BotanyOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Jan Vrána
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental BotanyOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental BotanyOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Assaf Distelfeld
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of PlantsFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Pilar Hernandez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)CordobaSpain
| | - The IWGSC
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing ConsortiumBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyCereal Genomics LabMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
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13
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Zhao J, Zhai Z, Li Y, Geng S, Song G, Guan J, Jia M, Wang F, Sun G, Feng N, Kong X, Chen L, Mao L, Li A. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the TCP Family Genes in Spike and Grain Development of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1282. [PMID: 30298074 PMCID: PMC6160802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The TCP family genes are plant-specific transcription factors and play important roles in plant development. TCPs have been evolutionarily and functionally studied in several plants. Although common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop worldwide, no systematic analysis of TCPs in this important crop has been conducted. Here, we performed a genome-wide survey in wheat and found 66 TCP genes that belonged to 22 homoeologous groups. We then mapped these genes on wheat chromosomes and found that several TCP genes were duplicated in wheat including the ortholog of the maize TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1. Expression study using both RT-PCR and in situ hybridization assay showed that most wheat TCP genes were expressed throughout development of young spike and immature seed. Cis-acting element survey along promoter regions suggests that subfunctionalization may have occurred for homoeologous genes. Moreover, protein-protein interaction experiments of three TCP proteins showed that they can form either homodimers or heterodimers. Finally, we characterized two TaTCP9 mutants from tetraploid wheat. Each of these two mutant lines contained a premature stop codon in the A subgenome homoeolog that was dominantly expressed over the B subgenome homoeolog. We observed that mutation caused increased spike and grain lengths. Together, our analysis of the wheat TCP gene family provides a start point for further functional study of these important transcription factors in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Mao
- *Correspondence: Long Mao, Aili Li,
| | - Aili Li
- *Correspondence: Long Mao, Aili Li,
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14
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Luo W, Qin N, Mu Y, Tang H, Deng M, Liu Y, Chen G, Jiang Q, Chen G, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Lan X, Ma J. Variation and diversity of the breakpoint sequences on 4AL for the 4AL/5AL translocation in Triticum. Genome 2018; 61:635-641. [PMID: 29962237 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The translocation of 4AL/5AL in Triticum, which occurred before the differentiation of T. urartu and einkorn, is an important chromosomal rearrangement. Recently, the first identification of breakpoint sequence on 4AL for this translocation provides the opportunity to analyze the variation and diversity of breakpoints in Triticum. In this study, the breakpoint regions of 52 accessions from 21 species were isolated and further characterized. The sequences were divided into 12 types based on their lengths, which ranged from 2009 to 2552 bp. Cluster analysis showed that they were further divided into three groups. Interesting evolutionary relationships among a few of the species were observed and discussed. Multiple sequence alignment of the 52 sequences made it possible to detect 13 insertion and deletion length polymorphisms (InDels) and 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Furthermore, several species- or accession-specific SNPs or InDels were also identified. Based on BLAST analysis of the conserved sequences, the breakpoint was narrowed down to a 125 bp fragment. Taken together, the results obtained in this study enrich our understanding of chromosomal breakpoints and will be useful for the identification of other breakpoints in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Nana Qin
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yang Mu
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- b Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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15
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Abstract
The genomics revolution brought on by advances in high-throughput sequencing has led to the production of vast amounts of data. Databases play an essential role in storing and managing this information to make it available to researchers and crop breeders. This chapter provides an outline of how to use databases and tools for wheat genome research.
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16
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Loginova DB, Silkova OG. The Genome of Bread Wheat Triticum aestivum L.: Unique Structural and Functional Properties. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Jia M, Guan J, Zhai Z, Geng S, Zhang X, Mao L, Li A. Wheat functional genomics in the era of next generation sequencing: An update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Spoelhof JP, Chester M, Rodriguez R, Geraci B, Heo K, Mavrodiev E, Soltis PS, Soltis DE. Karyotypic variation and pollen stainability in resynthesized allopolyploids Tragopogon miscellus and T. mirus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2017; 104:1484-1492. [PMID: 29885228 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Polyploidy has extensively shaped the evolution of plants, but the early stages of polyploidy are still poorly understood. The neoallopolyploid species Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus are both characterized by widespread karyotypic variation, including frequent aneuploidy and intergenomic translocations. Our study illuminates the origins and early impacts of this variation by addressing two questions: How quickly does karyotypic variation accumulate in Tragopogon allopolyploids following whole-genome duplication (WGD), and how does the fertility of resynthesized Tragopogon allopolyploids evolve shortly after WGD? METHODS We used genomic in situ hybridization and lactophenol-cotton blue staining to estimate the karyotypic variation and pollen stainability, respectively, of resynthesized T. mirus and T. miscellus during the first five generations after WGD. KEY RESULTS Widespread karyotypic variation developed quickly in synthetics and resembled that of naturally occurring T. mirus and T. miscellus by generation S4 . Pollen stainability in resynthesized allopolyploids was consistently lower than that of natural T. mirus and T. miscellus, as well as their respective diploid progenitor species. Logistic regression showed that mean pollen stainability increased slightly over four generations in resynthesized T. mirus but remained at equivalent levels in T. miscellus. CONCLUSIONS Our results clarify some of the changes that occur in T. mirus and T. miscellus immediately following their origin, most notably the rapid onset of karyotypic variation within these species immediately following WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Spoelhof
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Michael Chester
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Roseana Rodriguez
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Blake Geraci
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Kweon Heo
- Kangwon National University, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Evgeny Mavrodiev
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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19
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Montenegro JD, Golicz AA, Bayer PE, Hurgobin B, Lee H, Chan CKK, Visendi P, Lai K, Doležel J, Batley J, Edwards D. The pangenome of hexaploid bread wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1007-1013. [PMID: 28231383 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding that variation in gene presence-absence plays an important role in the heritability of agronomic traits; however, there have been relatively few studies on variation in gene presence-absence in crop species. Hexaploid wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world and intensive breeding has reduced the genetic diversity of elite cultivars. Major efforts have produced draft genome assemblies for the cultivar Chinese Spring, but it is unknown how well this represents the genome diversity found in current modern elite cultivars. In this study we build an improved reference for Chinese Spring and explore gene diversity across 18 wheat cultivars. We predict a pangenome size of 140 500 ± 102 genes, a core genome of 81 070 ± 1631 genes and an average of 128 656 genes in each cultivar. Functional annotation of the variable gene set suggests that it is enriched for genes that may be associated with important agronomic traits. In addition to variation in gene presence, more than 36 million intervarietal single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified across the pangenome. This study of the wheat pangenome provides insight into genome diversity in elite wheat as a basis for genomics-based improvement of this important crop. A wheat pangenome, GBrowse, is available at http://appliedbioinformatics.com.au/cgi-bin/gb2/gbrowse/WheatPan/, and data are available to download from http://wheatgenome.info/wheat_genome_databases.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Montenegro
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Agnieszka A Golicz
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Philipp E Bayer
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Bhavna Hurgobin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - HueyTyng Lee
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chon-Kit Kenneth Chan
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Paul Visendi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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20
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Vrána J, Cápal P, Šimková H, Karafiátová M, Čížková J, Doležel J. Flow Analysis and Sorting of Plant Chromosomes. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CYTOMETRY 2016; 78:5.3.1-5.3.43. [PMID: 27723090 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Analysis and sorting of plant chromosomes (plant flow cytogenetics) is a special application of flow cytometry in plant genomics and its success depends critically on sample quality. This unit describes the methodology in a stepwise manner, starting with the induction of cell cycle synchrony and accumulation of dividing cells in mitotic metaphase, and continues with the preparation of suspensions of intact mitotic chromosomes, flow analysis and sorting of chromosomes, and finally processing of the sorted chromosomes. Each step of the protocol is described in detail as some procedures have not been used widely. Supporting histograms are presented as well as hints on dealing with plant material; the utility of sorted chromosomes for plant genomics is also discussed. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cápal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Karafiátová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čížková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Abstract
An integrated database with a variety of Web-based systems named WheatGenome.info hosting wheat genome and genomic data has been developed to support wheat research and crop improvement. The resource includes multiple Web-based applications, which are implemented as a variety of Web-based systems. These include a GBrowse2-based wheat genome viewer with BLAST search portal, TAGdb for searching wheat second generation genome sequence data, wheat autoSNPdb, links to wheat genetic maps using CMap and CMap3D, and a wheat genome Wiki to allow interaction between diverse wheat genome sequencing activities. This portal provides links to a variety of wheat genome resources hosted at other research organizations. This integrated database aims to accelerate wheat genome research and is freely accessible via the web interface at http://www.wheatgenome.info/ .
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22
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Spannagl M, Bader K, Pfeifer M, Nussbaumer T, Mayer KFX. PGSB/MIPS Plant Genome Information Resources and Concepts for the Analysis of Complex Grass Genomes. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1374:165-86. [PMID: 26519405 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3167-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
PGSB (Plant Genome and Systems Biology; formerly MIPS-Munich Institute for Protein Sequences) has been involved in developing, implementing and maintaining plant genome databases for more than a decade. Genome databases and analysis resources have focused on individual genomes and aim to provide flexible and maintainable datasets for model plant genomes as a backbone against which experimental data, e.g., from high-throughput functional genomics, can be organized and analyzed. In addition, genomes from both model and crop plants form a scaffold for comparative genomics, assisted by specialized tools such as the CrowsNest viewer to explore conserved gene order (synteny) between related species on macro- and micro-levels.The genomes of many economically important Triticeae plants such as wheat, barley, and rye present a great challenge for sequence assembly and bioinformatic analysis due to their enormous complexity and large genome size. Novel concepts and strategies have been developed to deal with these difficulties and have been applied to the genomes of wheat, barley, rye, and other cereals. This includes the GenomeZipper concept, reference-guided exome assembly, and "chromosome genomics" based on flow cytometry sorted chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Spannagl
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kai Bader
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Pfeifer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. .,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
Nuclear genomes of many important plant species are tremendously complicated to map and sequence. The ability to isolate single chromosomes, which represent small units of nuclear genome, is priceless in many areas of plant research including cytogenetics, genomics, and proteomics. Flow cytometry is the only technique which can provide large quantities of pure chromosome fractions suitable for downstream applications including physical mapping, preparation of chromosome-specific BAC libraries, sequencing, and optical mapping. Here, we describe step-by-step procedure of preparation of liquid suspensions of intact mitotic metaphase chromosomes and their flow cytometric analysis and sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vrána
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 31, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Cápal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 31, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Číhalíková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 31, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kubaláková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 31, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 31, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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24
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Akpinar BA, Lucas SJ, Vrána J, Doležel J, Budak H. Sequencing chromosome 5D of Aegilops tauschii and comparison with its allopolyploid descendant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:740-52. [PMID: 25516153 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometric sorting of individual chromosomes and chromosome-based sequencing reduces the complexity of large, repetitive Triticeae genomes. We flow-sorted chromosome 5D of Aegilops tauschii, the D genome donor of bread wheat and sequenced it by Roche 454 GS FLX platform to approximately 2.2x coverage. Repetitive sequences represent 81.09% of the survey sequences of this chromosome, and Class I retroelements are the prominent type, with a particular abundance of LTR/Gypsy superfamily. Nonrepetitive sequences were assembled to cover 17.76% of the total chromosome regions. Up to 6188 nonrepetitive gene loci were predicted to be encoded by the 5D chromosome. The numbers and chromosomal distribution patterns of tRNA genes suggest abundance in tRNA(L) (ys) and tRNA(M) (et) species, while the nonrepetitive assembly reveals tRNA(A) (la) species as the most abundant type. A comparative analysis of the genomic sequences of bread wheat and Aegilops chromosome 5D indicates conservation of gene content. Orthologous unique genes, matching Aegilops 5D sequences, numbered 3730 in barley, 5063 in Brachypodium, 4872 in sorghum and 4209 in rice. In this study, we provide a chromosome-specific view into the structure and organization of the 5D chromosome of Ae. tauschii, the D genome ancestor of bread wheat. This study contributes to our understanding of the chromosome-level evolution of the wheat genome and presents a valuable resource in wheat genomics due to the recent hybridization of Ae. tauschii genome with its tetraploid ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala A Akpinar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stuart J Lucas
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
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Akpinar BA, Magni F, Yuce M, Lucas SJ, Šimková H, Šafář J, Vautrin S, Bergès H, Cattonaro F, Doležel J, Budak H. The physical map of wheat chromosome 5DS revealed gene duplications and small rearrangements. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:453. [PMID: 26070810 PMCID: PMC4465308 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substantially large bread wheat genome, organized into highly similar three sub-genomes, renders genomic research challenging. The construction of BAC-based physical maps of individual chromosomes reduces the complexity of this allohexaploid genome, enables elucidation of gene space and evolutionary relationships, provides tools for map-based cloning, and serves as a framework for reference sequencing efforts. In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive physical map of wheat chromosome arm 5DS, thereby exploring its gene space organization and evolution. RESULTS The physical map of 5DS was comprised of 164 contigs, of which 45 were organized into 21 supercontigs, covering 176 Mb with an N50 value of 2,173 kb. Fifty-eight of the contigs were larger than 1 Mb, with the largest contig spanning 6,649 kb. A total of 1,864 molecular markers were assigned to the map at a density of 10.5 markers/Mb, anchoring 100 of the 120 contigs (>5 clones) that constitute ~95 % of the cumulative length of the map. Ordering of 80 contigs along the deletion bins of chromosome arm 5DS revealed small-scale breaks in syntenic blocks. Analysis of the gene space of 5DS suggested an increasing gradient of genes organized in islands towards the telomere, with the highest gene density of 5.17 genes/Mb in the 0.67-0.78 deletion bin, 1.4 to 1.6 times that of all other bins. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide a chromosome-specific view into the organization and evolution of the D genome of bread wheat, in comparison to one of its ancestors, revealing recent genome rearrangements. The high-quality physical map constructed in this study paves the way for the assembly of a reference sequence, from which breeding efforts will greatly benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Ani Akpinar
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Universite Cad. Orta Mah. No: 27, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Federica Magni
- Instituto di Genomica Applicata, Via J.Linussio 51, Udine, 33100, Italy.
| | - Meral Yuce
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Universite Cad. Orta Mah. No: 27, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Stuart J Lucas
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Universite Cad. Orta Mah. No: 27, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hana Šimková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Šafář
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Sonia Vautrin
- Centre Nationales Ressources Génomiques Végétales, INRA UPR 1258, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Hélène Bergès
- Centre Nationales Ressources Génomiques Végétales, INRA UPR 1258, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Federica Cattonaro
- Instituto di Genomica Applicata, Via J.Linussio 51, Udine, 33100, Italy.
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Universite Cad. Orta Mah. No: 27, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Budak H, Kantar M. Harnessing NGS and Big Data Optimally: Comparison of miRNA Prediction from Assembled versus Non-assembled Sequencing Data--The Case of the Grass Aegilops tauschii Complex Genome. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:407-15. [PMID: 26061358 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. As high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) and Big Data rapidly accumulate for various species, efforts for in silico identification of miRNAs intensify. Surprisingly, the effect of the input genomics sequence on the robustness of miRNA prediction was not evaluated in detail to date. In the present study, we performed a homology-based miRNA and isomiRNA prediction of the 5D chromosome of bread wheat progenitor, Aegilops tauschii, using two distinct sequence data sets as input: (1) raw sequence reads obtained from 454-GS FLX Titanium sequencing platform and (2) an assembly constructed from these reads. We also compared this method with a number of available plant sequence datasets. We report here the identification of 62 and 22 miRNAs from raw reads and the assembly, respectively, of which 16 were predicted with high confidence from both datasets. While raw reads promoted sensitivity with the high number of miRNAs predicted, 55% (12 out of 22) of the assembly-based predictions were supported by previous observations, bringing specificity forward compared to the read-based predictions, of which only 37% were supported. Importantly, raw reads could identify several repeat-related miRNAs that could not be detected with the assembly. However, raw reads could not capture 6 miRNAs, for which the stem-loops could only be covered by the relatively longer sequences from the assembly. In summary, the comparison of miRNA datasets obtained by these two strategies revealed that utilization of raw reads, as well as assemblies for in silico prediction, have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Consideration of these important nuances can benefit future miRNA identification efforts in the current age of NGS and Big Data driven life sciences innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Budak
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melda Kantar
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Helguera M, Rivarola M, Clavijo B, Martis MM, Vanzetti LS, González S, Garbus I, Leroy P, Šimková H, Valárik M, Caccamo M, Doležel J, Mayer KFX, Feuillet C, Tranquilli G, Paniego N, Echenique V. New insights into the wheat chromosome 4D structure and virtual gene order, revealed by survey pyrosequencing. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 233:200-212. [PMID: 25711827 PMCID: PMC4352925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Survey sequencing of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome (AABBDD) has been approached through different strategies delivering important information. However, the current wheat sequence knowledge is not complete. The aim of our study is to provide different and complementary set of data for chromosome 4D. A survey sequence was obtained by pyrosequencing of flow-sorted 4DS (7.2×) and 4DL (4.1×) arms. Single ends (SE) and long mate pairs (LMP) reads were assembled into contigs (223Mb) and scaffolds (65Mb) that were aligned to Aegilops tauschii draft genome (DD), anchoring 34Mb to chromosome 4. Scaffolds annotation rendered 822 gene models. A virtual gene order comprising 1973 wheat orthologous gene loci and 381 wheat gene models was built. This order was largely consistent with the scaffold order determined based on a published high density map from the Ae. tauschii chromosome 4, using bin-mapped 4D ESTs as a common reference. The virtual order showed a higher collinearity with homeologous 4B compared to 4A. Additionally, a virtual map was constructed and ∼5700 genes (∼2200 on 4DS and ∼3500 on 4DL) predicted. The sequence and virtual order obtained here using the 454 platform were compared with the Illumina one used by the IWGSC, giving complementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Helguera
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA) INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Bernardo Clavijo
- The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC), Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Mihaela M Martis
- MIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Leonardo S Vanzetti
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Sergio González
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA) INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Ingrid Garbus
- CERZOS (Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida), (CCT-CONICET-Bahía Blanca) and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Phillippe Leroy
- INRA-UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Hana Šimková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Sokolovska 6, CZ-77200 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Valárik
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Sokolovska 6, CZ-77200 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Mario Caccamo
- The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC), Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Sokolovska 6, CZ-77200 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- MIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | - Gabriela Tranquilli
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Norma Paniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA) INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Viviana Echenique
- CERZOS (Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida), (CCT-CONICET-Bahía Blanca) and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is a relatively new method used to determine the differences in the genetic makeup of individuals. Its novelty stems from a combination of two already available methods: genotyping and next-generation sequencing. Depending on the individual study design GBS protocols can take multiple forms, however most share a sequence of core steps that have to be undertaken. These include: sequencing of the DNA from the individuals of interest (usually two parents of a mapping population and their progeny), mapping of the sequencing reads to the reference sequence, SNP calling and filtering, SNP genotyping and imputation, followed by haplotype identification and downstream analysis. GBS has a range of applications from general marker discovery, haplotype identification, and recombination characterization to quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS). It has already been applied to a range of plant species including: rice, maize, artichoke, and Arabidopsis thaliana. It is a promising approach which is likely to provide new and important insights into plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Golicz
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hashmi U, Shafqat S, Khan F, Majid M, Hussain H, Kazi AG, John R, Ahmad P. Plant exomics: concepts, applications and methodologies in crop improvement. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e976152. [PMID: 25482786 PMCID: PMC4622497 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.976152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular breeding has a crucial role in improvement of crops. Conventional breeding techniques have failed to ameliorate food production. Next generation sequencing has established new concepts of molecular breeding. Exome sequencing has proven to be a significant tool for assessing natural evolution in plants, studying host pathogen interactions and betterment of crop production as exons assist in interpretation of allelic variation with respect to their phenotype. This review covers the platforms for exome sequencing, next generation sequencing technologies that have revolutionized exome sequencing and led toward development of third generation sequencing. Also discussed in this review are the uses of these sequencing technologies to improve wheat, rice and cotton yield and how these technologies are used in exploring the biodiversity of crops, providing better understanding of plant-host pathogen interaction and assessing the process of natural evolution in crops and it also covers how exome sequencing identifies the gene pool involved in symbiotic and other co-existential systems. Furthermore, we conclude how integration of other methodologies including whole genome sequencing, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics with plant exomics covers the areas which are left untouched with exomics alone and in the end how these integration will transform the future of crops.
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Key Words
- BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome
- BGR, bacterial grain rot
- CBOL, consortium for 860 the barcode of life
- ETI, effector-triggered immunity
- HPRT, hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase
- MMs, molecular markers
- NGS, next generation sequencing
- NITSR, nuclear internal transcribed spacer region
- OPC, open promoter complex
- QTL, quantitative trait locus
- SMRT, single molecule real time
- SNPs, single nucleotide poly-morphisms
- SOLiD, sequencing by oligonucleotide ligation and detection
- WES, whole exome sequencing
- WGS, whole genome sequencing
- WGS, whole genome shotgun
- biodiversity
- crop improvement
- dNMPs, deoxyribosenucleoside monophosphates
- exome sequencing
- plant biotechnology
- plant-host pathogen interactions
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Hashmi
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samia Shafqat
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faria Khan
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Majid
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Harris Hussain
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul Kazi
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat John
- Department of Botany; University of Kashmir; Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany; S.P. College Srinagar; Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Correspondence to: Parvaiz Ahmad;
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Ruperao P, Edwards D. Bioinformatics: identification of markers from next-generation sequence data. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1245:29-47. [PMID: 25373747 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of sequencing technology, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has dramatically revolutionized plant genomics. NGS technology combined with new software tools enables the discovery, validation, and assessment of genetic markers on a large scale. Among different markers systems, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the markers of choice for genetics and plant breeding. SSR markers have been a choice for large-scale characterization of germplasm collections, construction of genetic maps, and QTL identification. Similarly, SNPs are the most abundant genetic variations with higher frequencies throughout the genome of plant species. This chapter discusses various tools available for genome assembly and widely focuses on SSR and SNP marker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ruperao
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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31
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Hayward AC, Tollenaere R, Dalton-Morgan J, Batley J. Molecular marker applications in plants. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1245:13-27. [PMID: 25373746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals within a population of a sexually reproducing species will have some degree of heritable genomic variation caused by mutations, insertion/deletions (INDELS), inversions, duplications, and translocations. Such variation can be detected and screened using molecular, or genetic, markers. By definition, molecular markers are genetic loci that can be easily tracked and quantified in a population and may be associated with a particular gene or trait of interest. This chapter will review the current major applications of molecular markers in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Hayward
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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32
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Abstract
The detection and analysis of genetic variation plays an important role in plant breeding and this role is increasing with the continued development of genome sequencing technologies. Molecular genetic markers are important tools to characterize genetic variation and assist with genomic breeding. Processing and storing the growing abundance of molecular marker data being produced requires the development of specific bioinformatics tools and advanced databases. Molecular marker databases range from species specific through to organism wide and often host a variety of additional related genetic, genomic, or phenotypic information. In this chapter, we will present some of the features of plant molecular genetic marker databases, highlight the various types of marker resources, and predict the potential future direction of crop marker databases.
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Lai K, Lorenc MT, Lee HC, Berkman PJ, Bayer PE, Visendi P, Ruperao P, Fitzgerald TL, Zander M, Chan CKK, Manoli S, Stiller J, Batley J, Edwards D. Identification and characterization of more than 4 million intervarietal SNPs across the group 7 chromosomes of bread wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:97-104. [PMID: 25147022 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a major international crop, our understanding of the wheat genome is relatively poor due to its large size and complexity. To gain a greater understanding of wheat genome diversity, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms between 16 Australian bread wheat varieties. Whole-genome shotgun Illumina paired read sequence data were mapped to the draft assemblies of chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D to identify more than 4 million intervarietal SNPs. SNP density varied between the three genomes, with much greater density observed on the A and B genomes than the D genome. This variation may be a result of substantial gene flow from the tetraploid Triticum turgidum, which possesses A and B genomes, during early co-cultivation of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. In addition, we examined SNP density variation along the chromosome syntenic builds and identified genes in low-density regions which may have been selected during domestication and breeding. This study highlights the impact of evolution and breeding on the bread wheat genome and provides a substantial resource for trait association and crop improvement. All SNP data are publically available on a generic genome browser GBrowse at www.wheatgenome.info.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitao Lai
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Lucas SJ, Akpınar BA, Šimková H, Kubaláková M, Doležel J, Budak H. Next-generation sequencing of flow-sorted wheat chromosome 5D reveals lineage-specific translocations and widespread gene duplications. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1080. [PMID: 25487001 PMCID: PMC4298962 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ~17 Gb hexaploid bread wheat genome is a high priority and a major technical challenge for genomic studies. In particular, the D sub-genome is relatively lacking in genetic diversity, making it both difficult to map genetically, and a target for introgression of agriculturally useful traits. Elucidating its sequence and structure will therefore facilitate wheat breeding and crop improvement. Results We generated shotgun sequences from each arm of flow-sorted Triticum aestivum chromosome 5D using 454 FLX Titanium technology, giving 1.34× and 1.61× coverage of the short (5DS) and long (5DL) arms of the chromosome respectively. By a combination of sequence similarity and assembly-based methods, ~74% of the sequence reads were classified as repetitive elements, and coding sequence models of 1314 (5DS) and 2975 (5DL) genes were generated. The order of conserved genes in syntenic regions of previously sequenced grass genomes were integrated with physical and genetic map positions of 518 wheat markers to establish a virtual gene order for chromosome 5D. Conclusions The virtual gene order revealed a large-scale chromosomal rearrangement in the peri-centromeric region of 5DL, and a concentration of non-syntenic genes in the telomeric region of 5DS. Although our data support the large-scale conservation of Triticeae chromosome structure, they also suggest that some regions are evolving rapidly through frequent gene duplications and translocations. Sequence accessions EBI European Nucleotide Archive, Study no. ERP002330 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1080) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hikmet Budak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanlı, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Bonham-Carter O, Steele J, Bastola D. Alignment-free genetic sequence comparisons: a review of recent approaches by word analysis. Brief Bioinform 2014; 15:890-905. [PMID: 23904502 PMCID: PMC4296134 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbt052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern sequencing and genome assembly technologies have provided a wealth of data, which will soon require an analysis by comparison for discovery. Sequence alignment, a fundamental task in bioinformatics research, may be used but with some caveats. Seminal techniques and methods from dynamic programming are proving ineffective for this work owing to their inherent computational expense when processing large amounts of sequence data. These methods are prone to giving misleading information because of genetic recombination, genetic shuffling and other inherent biological events. New approaches from information theory, frequency analysis and data compression are available and provide powerful alternatives to dynamic programming. These new methods are often preferred, as their algorithms are simpler and are not affected by synteny-related problems. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of computational tools, which stem from alignment-free methods based on statistical analysis from word frequencies. We provide several clear examples to demonstrate applications and the interpretations over several different areas of alignment-free analysis such as base-base correlations, feature frequency profiles, compositional vectors, an improved string composition and the D2 statistic metric. Additionally, we provide detailed discussion and an example of analysis by Lempel-Ziv techniques from data compression.
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Ma J, Stiller J, Wei Y, Zheng YL, Devos KM, Doležel J, Liu C. Extensive pericentric rearrangements in the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype "Chinese Spring" revealed from chromosome shotgun sequence data. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:3039-48. [PMID: 25349265 PMCID: PMC4255769 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype "Chinese Spring" ("CS") is the reference base in wheat genetics and genomics. Pericentric rearrangements in this genotype were systematically assessed by analyzing homoeoloci for a set of nonredundant genes from Brachypodium distachyon, Triticum urartu, and Aegilops tauschii in the CS chromosome shotgun sequence obtained from individual chromosome arms flow-sorted from CS aneuploid lines. Based on patterns of their homoeologous arm locations, 551 genes indicated the presence of pericentric inversions in at least 10 of the 21 chromosomes. Available data from deletion bin-mapped expressed sequence tags and genetic mapping in wheat indicated that all inversions had breakpoints in the low-recombinant gene-poor pericentromeric regions. The large number of putative intrachromosomal rearrangements suggests the presence of extensive structural differences among the three subgenomes, at least some of which likely occurred during the production of the aneuploid lines of this hexaploid wheat genotype. These differences could have significant implications in wheat genome research where comparative approaches are used such as in ordering and orientating sequence contigs and in gene cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiri Stiller
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Katrien M Devos
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chunji Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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New types of wheat chromosomal structural variations in derivatives of wheat-rye hybrids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110282. [PMID: 25302962 PMCID: PMC4193885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal rearrangements induced by wheat-rye hybridization is a very well investigated research topic. However, the structural alterations of wheat chromosomes in wheat-rye hybrids are seldom reported. Methodology/Principal Findings Octoploid triticale lines were derived from common wheat Triticum. aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’×rye Secale cereale L. ‘Kustro’. Some progeny were obtained by the controlled backcrossing of triticale with ‘Mianyang11’ and common wheat T. aestivum L. ‘Chuannong27’ followed by self-fertilization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using Oligo-pSc119.2-1, Oligo-pTa535-1 and rye genomic DNA as probes were used to analyze the mitotic chromosomes of these progeny. Alterations of wheat chromosomes including 5A, 6A, 1B, 2B, 6B, 7B, 1D, 3D and 7D were observed. 5AL arm carrying intercalary Oligo-pSc119.2-1, Oligo-pTa535-1 or both Oligo-pSc119.2-1 and Oligo-pTa535-1 signals, 6AS, 1BS and 1DL arms containing terminal Oligo-pSc119.2-1 signal, 6BS and 3DS arms without terminal Oligo-pSc119.2-1 signal, 7BS without subtelomeric Oligo-pSc119.2-1 signal and 7DL with intercalary Oligo-pSc119.2-1 signal have been observed. However, these changed wheat chromosomes have not been detected in ‘Mianyang11’ and Chuannong 27. The altered 5A, 6A, 7B and 7D chromosomes in this study have not been reported and represent several new karyotype structures of common wheat chromosomes. Conclusions/Significance These rearranged wheat chromosomes in the present study afford some new genetic variations for wheat breeding program and are valuable materials for studying the biological function of tandem repetitive DNA sequences.
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Abstract
An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.
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Ruperao P, Chan CKK, Azam S, Karafiátová M, Hayashi S, Cížková J, Saxena RK, Simková H, Song C, Vrána J, Chitikineni A, Visendi P, Gaur PM, Millán T, Singh KB, Taran B, Wang J, Batley J, Doležel J, Varshney RK, Edwards D. A chromosomal genomics approach to assess and validate the desi and kabuli draft chickpea genome assemblies. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:778-86. [PMID: 24702794 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the expansion of next-generation sequencing technology and advanced bioinformatics, there has been a rapid growth of genome sequencing projects. However, while this technology enables the rapid and cost-effective assembly of draft genomes, the quality of these assemblies usually falls short of gold standard genome assemblies produced using the more traditional BAC by BAC and Sanger sequencing approaches. Assembly validation is often performed by the physical anchoring of genetically mapped markers, but this is prone to errors and the resolution is usually low, especially towards centromeric regions where recombination is limited. New approaches are required to validate reference genome assemblies. The ability to isolate individual chromosomes combined with next-generation sequencing permits the validation of genome assemblies at the chromosome level. We demonstrate this approach by the assessment of the recently published chickpea kabuli and desi genomes. While previous genetic analysis suggests that these genomes should be very similar, a comparison of their chromosome sizes and published assemblies highlights significant differences. Our chromosomal genomics analysis highlights short defined regions that appear to have been misassembled in the kabuli genome and identifies large-scale misassembly in the draft desi genome. The integration of chromosomal genomics tools within genome sequencing projects has the potential to significantly improve the construction and validation of genome assemblies. The approach could be applied both for new genome assemblies as well as published assemblies, and complements currently applied genome assembly strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ruperao
- University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Herrera-Foessel SA, Huerta-Espino J, Calvo-Salazar V, Lan CX, Singh RP. Lr72 Confers Resistance to Leaf Rust in Durum Wheat Cultivar Atil C2000. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:631-635. [PMID: 30708548 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-13-0741-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), has become a globally important disease for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) since the detection of race group BBG/BN, which renders ineffective a widely deployed seedling resistance gene present in several popular cultivars including Mexican cultivars Altar C84 and Atil C2000. The resistance gene continues to play a key role in protecting durum wheat against bread wheat-predominant races since virulence among this race group has not been found. We developed F3 and F5 mapping populations from a cross between Atil C2000 and the susceptible line Atred #1. Resistance was characterized by greenhouse seedling tests using three Pt races. Segregation tests indicated the presence of a single gene, which was mapped to the distal end of 7BS by bulk segregant analysis. The closest marker, wmc606, was located 5.5 cM proximal to the gene. No known leaf rust resistance genes are reported in this region; this gene was therefore designated as Lr72. The presence of Lr72 was further investigated in greenhouse tests in a collection of durum wheat using 13 Pt races. It was concluded that at least one additional gene protects durum wheat from bread wheat-predominant Pt races.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Herrera-Foessel
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - J Huerta-Espino
- Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de Mexico, Mexico
| | - V Calvo-Salazar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - C X Lan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - R P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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Aitken KS, McNeil MD, Hermann S, Bundock PC, Kilian A, Heller-Uszynska K, Henry RJ, Li J. A comprehensive genetic map of sugarcane that provides enhanced map coverage and integrates high-throughput Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:152. [PMID: 24564784 PMCID: PMC4007999 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane genetic mapping has lagged behind other crops due to its complex autopolyploid genome structure. Modern sugarcane cultivars have from 110-120 chromosomes and are in general interspecific hybrids between two species with different basic chromosome numbers: Saccharum officinarum (2n = 80) with a basic chromosome number of 10 and S. spontaneum (2n = 40-128) with a basic chromosome number of 8. The first maps that were constructed utilised the single dose (SD) markers generated using RFLP, more recent maps generated using AFLP and SSRs provided at most 60% genome coverage. Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers are high throughput allowing greater numbers of markers to be generated. RESULTS Progeny from a cross between a sugarcane variety Q165 and a S. officinarum accession IJ76-514 were used to generate 2467 SD markers. A genetic map of Q165 was generated containing 2267 markers, These markers formed 160 linkage groups (LGs) of which 147 could be placed using allelic information into the eight basic homology groups (HGs) of sugarcane. The HGs contained from 13 to 23 LGs and from 204 to 475 markers with a total map length of 9774.4 cM and an average density of one marker every 4.3 cM. Each homology group contained on average 280 markers of which 43% were DArT markers 31% AFLP, 16% SSRs and 6% SNP markers. The multi-allelic SSR and SNP markers were used to place the LGs into HGs. CONCLUSIONS The DArT array has allowed us to generate and map a larger number of markers than ever before and consequently to map a larger portion of the sugarcane genome. This larger number of markers has enabled 92% of the LGs to be placed into the 8 HGs that represent the basic chromosome number of the ancestral species, S. spontaneum. There were two HGs (HG2 and 8) that contained larger numbers of LGs verifying the alignment of two sets of S. officinarum chromosomes with one set of S. spontaneum chromosomes and explaining the difference in basic chromosome number between the two ancestral species. There was also evidence of more complex structural differences between the two ancestral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Aitken
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
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Randhawa M, Bansal U, Valárik M, Klocová B, Doležel J, Bariana H. Molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene Yr51 in chromosome 4AL of wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:317-24. [PMID: 24185819 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the chromosomal location of a new source of stripe rust resistance in wheat. DNA markers closely linked with the resistance locus were identified and validated. A wheat landrace, AUS27858, from the Watkins collection showed high levels of resistance against Australian pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. It was reported to carry two genes for stripe rust resistance, tentatively named YrAW1 and YrAW2. One hundred seeds of an F3 line (HSB#5515; YrAW1yrAW1) that showed monogenic segregation for stripe rust response were sown and harvested individually to generate monogenically segregating population (MSP) #5515. Stripe rust response variation in MSP#5515 conformed to segregation at a single locus. Bulked segregant analysis using high-throughput DArT markers placed YrAW1 in chromosome 4AL. MSP#5515 was advanced to F6 and phenotyped for detailed mapping. Novel wheat genomic resources including chromosome-specific sequence and genome zipper were employed to develop markers specific for the long arm of chromosome 4A. These markers were used for further saturation of the YrAW1 carrying region. YrAW1 was delimited by 3.7 cM between markers owm45F3R3 and sun104. Since there was no other stripe rust resistance gene located in chromosome 4AL, YrAW1 was formally named Yr51. Reference stock for Yr51 was lodged at the Australian Winter Cereal Collection, Tamworth, Australia and it was accessioned as AUS91456. Marker sun104 was genotyped on a set of Australian and Indian wheat cultivars and was shown to lack the resistance-linked sun104-225 bp allele. Marker sun104 is currently being used for marker-assisted backcrossing of Yr51 in Australian and Indian wheat backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Randhawa
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney PBI-Cobbitty, PMB 4011, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia
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Abstract
Molecular genetic markers represent one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of variation between plant genomes. Molecular marker technology has developed rapidly over the last decade, with the introduction of new DNA sequencing methods and the development of high-throughput genotyping methods. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) now dominate applications in modern plant genetic analysis. The reducing cost of DNA sequencing and increasing availability of large sequence data sets permit the mining of this data for large numbers of SNPs. These may then be used in applications such as genetic linkage analysis and trait mapping, diversity analysis, association studies, and marker-assisted selection. Here we describe automated methods for the discovery of SNP molecular markers and new technologies for high-throughput, low-cost molecular marker genotyping. Examples include SNP discovery using autoSNPdb and wheatgenome.info as well as SNP genotyping using Illumina's GoldenGate™ and Infinium™ methods.
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Doležel J, Vrána J, Cápal P, Kubaláková M, Burešová V, Šimková H. Advances in plant chromosome genomics. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:122-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Next generation characterisation of cereal genomes for marker discovery. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:1357-77. [PMID: 24833229 PMCID: PMC4009793 DOI: 10.3390/biology2041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cereal crops form the bulk of the world’s food sources, and thus their importance cannot be understated. Crop breeding programs increasingly rely on high-resolution molecular genetic markers to accelerate the breeding process. The development of these markers is hampered by the complexity of some of the major cereal crop genomes, as well as the time and cost required. In this review, we address current and future methods available for the characterisation of cereal genomes, with an emphasis on faster and more cost effective approaches for genome sequencing and the development of markers for trait association and marker assisted selection (MAS) in crop breeding programs.
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Ma J, Stiller J, Berkman PJ, Wei Y, Rogers J, Feuillet C, Dolezel J, Mayer KF, Eversole K, Zheng YL, Liu C. Sequence-based analysis of translocations and inversions in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS One 2013; 8:e79329. [PMID: 24260197 PMCID: PMC3829836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural changes of chromosomes are a primary mechanism of genome rearrangement over the course of evolution and detailed knowledge of such changes in a given species and its close relatives should increase the efficiency and precision of chromosome engineering in crop improvement. We have identified sequences bordering each of the main translocation and inversion breakpoints on chromosomes 4A, 5A and 7B of the modern bread wheat genome. The locations of these breakpoints allow, for the first time, a detailed description of the evolutionary origins of these chromosomes at the gene level. Results from this study also demonstrate that, although the strategy of exploiting sorted chromosome arms has dramatically simplified the efforts of wheat genome sequencing, simultaneous analysis of sequences from homoeologous and non-homoeologous chromosomes is essential in understanding the origins of DNA sequences in polyploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiri Stiller
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul J. Berkman
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jan Rogers
- The Genome Analysis Centre and International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Feuillet
- Institute National de Researche Agronomieque (INRA) - University Blaise Pascal, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Domaine de Crouelle, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Jaroslav Dolezel
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus F. Mayer
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kellye Eversole
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunji Liu
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Tanaka T, Kobayashi F, Joshi GP, Onuki R, Sakai H, Kanamori H, Wu J, Simkova H, Nasuda S, Endo TR, Hayakawa K, Doležel J, Ogihara Y, Itoh T, Matsumoto T, Handa H. Next-generation survey sequencing and the molecular organization of wheat chromosome 6B. DNA Res 2013; 21:103-14. [PMID: 24086083 PMCID: PMC3989483 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereals in the world. To improve wheat quality and productivity, the genomic sequence of wheat must be determined. The large genome size (∼17 Gb/1 C) and the hexaploid status of wheat have hampered the genome sequencing of wheat. However, flow sorting of individual chromosomes has allowed us to purify and separately shotgun-sequence a pair of telocentric chromosomes. Here, we describe a result from the survey sequencing of wheat chromosome 6B (914 Mb/1 C) using massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing. From the 4.94 and 5.51 Gb shotgun sequence data from the two chromosome arms of 6BS and 6BL, 235 and 273 Mb sequences were assembled to cover ∼55.6 and 54.9% of the total genomic regions, respectively. Repetitive sequences composed 77 and 86% of the assembled sequences on 6BS and 6BL, respectively. Within the assembled sequences, we predicted a total of 4798 non-repetitive gene loci with the evidence of expression from the wheat transcriptome data. The numbers and chromosomal distribution patterns of the genes for tRNAs and microRNAs in wheat 6B were investigated, and the results suggested a significant involvement of DNA transposon diffusion in the evolution of these non-protein-coding RNA genes. A comparative analysis of the genomic sequences of wheat 6B and monocot plants clearly indicated the evolutionary conservation of gene contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- 1Bioinformatics Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
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Berkman PJ, Visendi P, Lee HC, Stiller J, Manoli S, Lorenc MT, Lai K, Batley J, Fleury D, Simková H, Kubaláková M, Weining S, Doležel J, Edwards D. Dispersion and domestication shaped the genome of bread wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:564-71. [PMID: 23346876 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the international significance of wheat, its large and complex genome hinders genome sequencing efforts. To assess the impact of selection on this genome, we have assembled genomic regions representing genes for chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D. We demonstrate that the dispersion of wheat to new environments has shaped the modern wheat genome. Most genes are conserved between the three homoeologous chromosomes. We found differential gene loss that supports current theories on the evolution of wheat, with greater loss observed in the A and B genomes compared with the D. Analysis of intervarietal polymorphisms identified fewer polymorphisms in the D genome, supporting the hypothesis of early gene flow between the tetraploid and hexaploid. The enrichment for genes on the D genome that confer environmental adaptation may be associated with dispersion following wheat domestication. Our results demonstrate the value of applying next-generation sequencing technologies to assemble gene-rich regions of complex genomes and investigate polyploid genome evolution. We anticipate the genome-wide application of this reduced-complexity syntenic assembly approach will accelerate crop improvement efforts not only in wheat, but also in other polyploid crops of significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Berkman
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hao M, Luo J, Zhang L, Yuan Z, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Liu D. In situ hybridization analysis indicates that 4AL–5AL–7BS translocation preceded subspecies differentiation of Triticum turgidum. Genome 2013; 56:303-5. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The important cyclic translocation 4AL–5AL–7BS is an evolutionary signature of polyploidy in wheat. This study aimed to determine its distribution within the subspecies of Triticum turgidum L., using genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. As it exists in all eight subspecies, this translocation appeared before the differentiation of the subspecies of T. turgidum. This translocation probably first appeared in T. turgidum subsp. dicoccoides and was then transmitted into the other subspecies. Its existence in all of the analyzed subspecies suggests that this translocation may confer an adaptive advantage during the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Luo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, P.R. China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, P.R. China
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50
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Teer JK, Johnston JJ, Anzick SL, Pineda M, Stone G, Meltzer PS, Mullikin JC, Biesecker LG. Massively-parallel sequencing of genes on a single chromosome: a comparison of solution hybrid selection and flow sorting. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:253. [PMID: 23586822 PMCID: PMC3637801 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted capture, combined with massively-parallel sequencing, is a powerful technique that allows investigation of specific portions of the genome for less cost than whole genome sequencing. Several methods have been developed, and improvements have resulted in commercial products targeting the human or mouse exonic regions (the exome). In some cases it is desirable to custom-target other regions of the genome, either to reduce the amount of sequence that is targeted or to capture regions that are not targeted by commercial kits. It is important to understand the advantages, limitations, and complexity of a given capture method before embarking on a targeted sequencing experiment. Results We compared two custom targeted capture methods suitable for single chromosome analysis: Solution Hybrid Selection (SHS) and Flow Sorting (FS) of single chromosomes. Both methods can capture targeted material and result in high percentages of genotype identifications across these regions: 59-92% for SHS and 70-79% for FS. FS is amenable to current structural variation detection methods, and variants were detected. Structural variation was also assessed for SHS samples with paired end sequencing, resulting in variant identification. Conclusions While both methods can effectively target genomic regions for genotype determination, several considerations make each method appropriate in different circumstances. SHS is well suited for experiments targeting smaller regions in a larger number of samples. FS is well suited when regions of interest cover large regions of a single chromosome. Although whole genome sequencing is becoming less expensive, the sequencing, data storage, and analysis costs make targeted sequencing using SHS or FS a compelling option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K Teer
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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