1
|
Farhan M, Pan J, Hussain H, Zhao J, Yang H, Ahmad I, Zhang S. Aphid-Resistant Plant Secondary Metabolites: Types, Insecticidal Mechanisms, and Prospects for Utilization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2332. [PMID: 39204768 PMCID: PMC11360209 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aphids pose a significant threat to global agricultural crop production, leading to widespread pesticide use and resistance. This necessitates the use of alternative substances, like plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). Plants have developed protective compounds known as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing metabolites. These compounds exhibit promising characteristics against aphids, such as antifeedant, aphicidal, and disrupting survival fitness. This review highlights the importance and application of secondary metabolites in combating aphid populations. Different insect-resistant substances have different mechanisms for managing aphids and other pests, including defensive signaling, inhibiting growth, and attracting natural predators by releasing herbivore-induced volatiles (HIPV). The application of plant secondary metabolites as biopesticides has proven to be an effective, economical, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticide chemicals. Furthermore, this review comprehensively discusses the principle role of plant secondary metabolites, encouraging sustainable agricultural practices and emphasizing the integrated management of the aphid population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jilong Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hammad Hussain
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hanjing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.F.); (J.P.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bellec L, Hervé MR, Mercier AS, Lenal PA, Faure S, Cortesero AM. A protocol for increased throughput phenotyping of plant resistance to the pollen beetle. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2235-2240. [PMID: 36309935 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving crop resistance to insect herbivores is a major research objective in breeding programs. Although genomic technologies have increased the speed at which large populations can be genotyped, breeding programs still suffer from phenotyping constraints. The pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) is a major pest of oilseed rape for which no resistant cultivar is available to date, but previous studies have highlighted the potential of white mustard as a source of resistance and introgression of this resistance appears to be a promising strategy. Here we present a phenotyping protocol allowing mid-throughput (i.e., increased throughput compared to current methods) acquisition of resistance data, which could then be used for genetic mapping of QTLs. RESULTS Contrasted white mustard genotypes were selected from an initial field screening and then evaluated for their resistance under controlled conditions using a standard phenotyping method on entire plants. We then upgraded this protocol for mid-throughput phenotyping, by testing two alternative methods. We found that phenotyping on detached buds did not provide the same resistance contrasts as observed with the standard protocol, in contrast to the phenotyping protocol with miniaturized plants. This protocol was then tested on a large panel composed of hundreds of plants. A significant variation in resistance among genotypes was observed, which validates the large-scale application of this new phenotyping protocol. CONCLUSION The combination of this mid-throughput phenotyping protocol and white mustard as a source of resistance against the pollen beetle offers a promising avenue for breeding programs aiming to improve oilseed rape resistance. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bellec
- IGEPP-UMR 1349, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Innolea, 6 Chemin de Panedautes, Mondonville, France
| | - Maxime R Hervé
- IGEPP-UMR 1349, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen YY, Lu HQ, Jiang KX, Wang YR, Wang YP, Jiang JJ. The Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Brassica napus: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010357. [PMID: 36613800 PMCID: PMC9820570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus is an important crop for edible oil, vegetables, biofuel, and animal food. It is also an ornamental crop for its various petal colors. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activities and medicinal values, and are important to plant pigmentation, disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. The yellow seed coat, purple leaf and inflorescence, and colorful petals of B. napus have been bred for improved nutritional value, tourism and city ornamentation. The putative loci and genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in B. napus have been identified using germplasms with various seed, petal, leaf, and stem colors, or different flavonoid contents under stress conditions. This review introduces the advances of flavonoid profiling, biosynthesis, and regulation during development and stress responses of B. napus, and hopes to help with the breeding of B. napus with better quality, ornamental value, and stress resistances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai-Qin Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - You-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jin-Jin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh KP, Kumari P, Raipuria RK, Rai PK. Development of genome-specific SSR markers for the identification of introgressed segments of Sinapis alba in the Brassica juncea background. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:332. [PMID: 36325472 PMCID: PMC9618473 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinapis alba L. (white mustard) is recognized for carrying host resistance against several biotic stresses including, Alternaria brassicae, which is responsible for blight disease in cultivated Brassica. However, another cultivated Brassica has a dearth for genetic resistance for these stresses due to its narrow genetic base. Therefore, we performed introgression of the genomic regions of S. alba into backcross progenies of B. juncea + S. alba somatic hybrids. These advanced generations with S. alba chromosomal segments are named B. juncea-S. alba introgression lines (ILs). In the present study, we developed the S. alba genome-specific microsatellites from the draft genome to track the S. alba genome introgressions and responsible regions for resistance to A. brassicae. For developing these SSR markers, the unique contigs of S. alba draft genome were identified through BLASTN with B. juncea, B. rapa, B. nigra, and B. oleracea reference genome assemblies, including mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes, and further used for marker development. Out of 403,423 contigs, we have identified 65,343 non-hit contigs of S. alba that yielded a total of 1231 genome-specific microsatellites, out of which 1107 were expected to produce a single allele upon amplification. Out of the total SSRs, 234 primer pairs were randomly picked from whole-genome and validated between B. juncea and S. alba genomes for their specificity. In the validation experiment, these markers gave a single amplicon into S. alba, while they did not amplify in B. juncea genome. Of these, 59 microsatellites were used to track S. alba introgressions in 80 BC2F3 lines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these two genetic resources are developed in the form of B. juncea-S. alba ILs and S. alba-specific markers. Therefore, both the resources unlock a new avenue of Brassica breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses along with quality traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03402-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Pratap Singh
- ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 21303 India
| | - Preetesh Kumari
- ICAR- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Ritesh Kumar Raipuria
- ICAR- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Pramod Kumar Rai
- ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 21303 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Obermeier C, Mason AS, Meiners T, Petschenka G, Rostás M, Will T, Wittkop B, Austel N. Perspectives for integrated insect pest protection in oilseed rape breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3917-3946. [PMID: 35294574 PMCID: PMC9729155 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past, breeding for incorporation of insect pest resistance or tolerance into cultivars for use in integrated pest management schemes in oilseed rape/canola (Brassica napus) production has hardly ever been approached. This has been largely due to the broad availability of insecticides and the complexity of dealing with high-throughput phenotyping of insect performance and plant damage parameters. However, recent changes in the political framework in many countries demand future sustainable crop protection which makes breeding approaches for crop protection as a measure for pest insect control attractive again. At the same time, new camera-based tracking technologies, new knowledge-based genomic technologies and new scientific insights into the ecology of insect-Brassica interactions are becoming available. Here we discuss and prioritise promising breeding strategies and direct and indirect breeding targets, and their time-perspective for future realisation in integrated insect pest protection of oilseed rape. In conclusion, researchers and oilseed rape breeders can nowadays benefit from an array of new technologies which in combination will accelerate the development of improved oilseed rape cultivars with multiple insect pest resistances/tolerances in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Obermeier
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Meiners
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Department of Applied Entomology, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Straße 5, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Rostás
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Insitute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn Insitute, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wittkop
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nadine Austel
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Root Colonization by Fungal Entomopathogen Systemically Primes Belowground Plant Defense against Cabbage Root Fly. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090969. [PMID: 36135694 PMCID: PMC9505207 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi infect insects via spores but also live inside plant tissues as endophytes. Frequently, colonization by entomopathogens provides plants with increased resistance against insects, but the mechanisms are little understood. This study investigated direct, local, and systemic root-mediated interactions between isolates of the fungus Metarhizium brunneum and larvae of the cabbage root fly (CRF) Delia radicum attacking Brassica napus plants. All fungal isolates infected CRF when conidia were present in the soil, leading to 43–93% mortality. Locally, root-associated M. brunneum isolates reduced herbivore damage by 10–20% and in three out of five isolates caused significant insect mortality due to plant-mediated and/or direct effects. A split-root experiment with isolate Gd12 also demonstrated systemic plant resistance with significantly reduced root collar damage by CRF. LC-MS analyses showed that fungal root colonization did not induce changes in phytohormones, while herbivory increased jasmonic acid (JA) and glucosinolate concentrations. Proteinase inhibitor gene expression was also increased. Fungal colonization, however, primed herbivore-induced JA and the expression of the JA-responsive plant defensin 1.2 (PDF1.2) gene. We conclude that root-associated M. brunneum benefits plant health through multiple mechanisms, such as the direct infection of insects, as well as the local and systemic priming of the JA pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
Benchikha N, Chelalba I, Debbeche H, Messaoudi M, Begaa S, Larkem I, Amara DG, Rebiai A, Simal-Gandara J, Sawicka B, Atanassova M, Youssef FS. Lobularia libyca: Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity Using In Vitro and In Silico Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123744. [PMID: 35744880 PMCID: PMC9231123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lobularia libyca (L. libyca) is a traditional plant that is popular for its richness in phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the phytochemical profile by liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), the mineral contents and the biological properties of L. libyca methanol extract. L. libyca contains significant amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Thirteen compounds classified as flavonoids were identified. L. libyca is rich in nutrients such as Na, Fe and Ca. Moreover, the methanol extract of L. libyca showed significant antioxidant activity without cytotoxic activity on HCT116 cells (human colon cancer cell line) and HepG2 cells (human hepatoma), showing an inhibition zone of 13 mm in diameter. In silico studies showed that decanoic acid ethyl ester exhibited the best fit in β-lactamase and DNA gyrase active sites; meanwhile, oleic acid showed the best fit in reductase binding sites. Thus, it can be concluded that L. libyca can serve as a beneficial nutraceutical agent, owing to its significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential and due to its richness in iron, calcium and potassium, which are essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naima Benchikha
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, P.O. Box 789, El-Oued 39000, Algeria; (N.B.); (I.C.); (H.D.); (M.M.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Imane Chelalba
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, P.O. Box 789, El-Oued 39000, Algeria; (N.B.); (I.C.); (H.D.); (M.M.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Hanane Debbeche
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, P.O. Box 789, El-Oued 39000, Algeria; (N.B.); (I.C.); (H.D.); (M.M.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Mohammed Messaoudi
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, P.O. Box 789, El-Oued 39000, Algeria; (N.B.); (I.C.); (H.D.); (M.M.); (D.G.A.)
- Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, P.O. Box 180, Ain Oussera 17200, Algeria;
| | - Samir Begaa
- Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, P.O. Box 180, Ain Oussera 17200, Algeria;
| | - Imane Larkem
- Agronomy Department, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, P.O. Box 700, Biskra 07000, Algeria;
| | - Djilani Ghamem Amara
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, P.O. Box 789, El-Oued 39000, Algeria; (N.B.); (I.C.); (H.D.); (M.M.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Abdelkrim Rebiai
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, P.O. Box 789, El-Oued 39000, Algeria; (N.B.); (I.C.); (H.D.); (M.M.); (D.G.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maria Atanassova
- Nutritional Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1734 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Missinou AA, Ferreira de Carvalho J, Marnet N, Delhaye T, Hamzaoui O, Abdel Sayed D, Guitton Y, Lebreton L, Langrume C, Laperche A, Delourme R, Manzanares-Dauleux MJ, Bouchereau A, Gravot A. Identification and Quantification of Glucosinolates and Phenolics in a Large Panel of Brassica napus Highlight Valuable Genetic Resources for Chemical Ecology and Breeding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5245-5261. [PMID: 35420430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolate (GLS) and phenolic contents in Brassicaceae contribute to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Breeding crop accessions harboring agroecologically relevant metabolic profiles require a characterization of the chemical diversity in Brassica germplasm. This work investigates the diversity of specialized metabolites in 281 accessions of B. napus. First, an LC-HRMS2-based approach allowed the annotation of 32 phenolics and 36 GLSs, revealing 13 branched and linear alkyl-GLSs and 4 isomers of hydroxyphenylalkyl-GLSs, many of which have been rarely reported in Brassica. Then, quantitative UPLC-UV-MS-based profiling was performed in leaves and roots for the whole panel. This revealed striking variations in the content of 1-methylpropyl-GLS (glucocochlearin) and a large variation of tetra- and penta-glucosyl kaempferol derivatives among accessions. It also highlighted two main chemotypes related to sinapoyl-O-hexoside and kaempferol-O-trihexoside contents. By offering an unprecedented overview of the phytochemical diversity in B. napus, this work provides a useful resource for chemical ecology and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel Lebreton
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Anne Laperche
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Régine Delourme
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Gravot
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quezada-Martinez D, Addo Nyarko CP, Schiessl SV, Mason AS. Using wild relatives and related species to build climate resilience in Brassica crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1711-1728. [PMID: 33730183 PMCID: PMC8205867 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will have major impacts on crop production: not just increasing drought and heat stress, but also increasing insect and disease loads and the chance of extreme weather events and further adverse conditions. Often, wild relatives show increased tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses, due to reduced stringency of selection for yield and yield-related traits under optimum conditions. One possible strategy to improve resilience in our modern-day crop cultivars is to utilize wild relative germplasm in breeding, and attempt to introgress genetic factors contributing to greater environmental tolerances from these wild relatives into elite crop types. However, this approach can be difficult, as it relies on factors such as ease of hybridization and genetic distance between the source and target, crossover frequencies and distributions in the hybrid, and ability to select for desirable introgressions while minimizing linkage drag. In this review, we outline the possible effects that climate change may have on crop production, introduce the Brassica crop species and their wild relatives, and provide an index of useful traits that are known to be present in each of these species that may be exploitable through interspecific hybridization-based approaches. Subsequently, we outline how introgression breeding works, what factors affect the success of this approach, and how this approach can be optimized so as to increase the chance of recovering the desired introgression lines. Our review provides a working guide to the use of wild relatives and related crop germplasm to improve biotic and abiotic resistances in Brassica crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quezada-Martinez
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles P Addo Nyarko
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah V Schiessl
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quezada-Martinez D, Addo Nyarko CP, Schiessl SV, Mason AS. Using wild relatives and related species to build climate resilience in Brassica crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1711-1728. [PMID: 33730183 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03793-3.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will have major impacts on crop production: not just increasing drought and heat stress, but also increasing insect and disease loads and the chance of extreme weather events and further adverse conditions. Often, wild relatives show increased tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses, due to reduced stringency of selection for yield and yield-related traits under optimum conditions. One possible strategy to improve resilience in our modern-day crop cultivars is to utilize wild relative germplasm in breeding, and attempt to introgress genetic factors contributing to greater environmental tolerances from these wild relatives into elite crop types. However, this approach can be difficult, as it relies on factors such as ease of hybridization and genetic distance between the source and target, crossover frequencies and distributions in the hybrid, and ability to select for desirable introgressions while minimizing linkage drag. In this review, we outline the possible effects that climate change may have on crop production, introduce the Brassica crop species and their wild relatives, and provide an index of useful traits that are known to be present in each of these species that may be exploitable through interspecific hybridization-based approaches. Subsequently, we outline how introgression breeding works, what factors affect the success of this approach, and how this approach can be optimized so as to increase the chance of recovering the desired introgression lines. Our review provides a working guide to the use of wild relatives and related crop germplasm to improve biotic and abiotic resistances in Brassica crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quezada-Martinez
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles P Addo Nyarko
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah V Schiessl
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Austel N, Böttcher C, Meiners T. Chemical defence in Brassicaceae against pollen beetles revealed by metabolomics and flower bud manipulation approaches. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:519-534. [PMID: 33190271 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Divergence of chemical plant defence mechanisms within the Brassicaceae can be utilized to identify means against specialized pest insects. Using a bioassay-driven approach, we (a) screened 24 different Brassica napus cultivars, B. napus resyntheses and related brassicaceous species for natural plant resistance against feeding adults of the pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus), (b) tested for gender-specific feeding resistance, (c) analysed the flower bud metabolomes by a non-targeted approach and (d) tested single candidate compounds for their antifeedant activity. (a) In no-choice assays, beetles were allowed to feed on intact plants. Reduced feeding activity was mainly observed on Sinapis alba and Barbarea vulgaris but not on B. napus cultivars. (b) Males fed less and discriminated more in feeding than females. (c) Correlation of the metabolite abundances with the beetles' feeding activity revealed several glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and saponins as potential antifeedants. (d) These were tested in dual-bud-choice assays developed for medium-throughput compound screening. Application of standard compounds on single oilseed rape flower buds revealed highly deterrent effects of glucobarbarin, oleanolic acid and hederagenin. These results help to understand chemical plant defence in the Brassicaceae and are of key importance for further breeding strategies for insect-resistant oilseed rape cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Austel
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Meiners
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Draft genome of multiple resistance donor plant Sinapis alba: An insight into SSRs, annotations and phylogenetics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231002. [PMID: 32271806 PMCID: PMC7145005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinapis alba is a wild member of the Brassicaceae family reported to possess genetic resistance against major biotic and abiotic stresses of oilseed brassicas. However, the resistance nature of S. alba was not exploited generously due to the unavailability of usable genome sequences in public databases. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assemble the first draft genome from raw whole genome shotgun sequences with annotation and develop simple sequence repeat markers for molecular genetics and marker-assisted breeding. RESULTS The raw genome sequences had 96x coverage on the Illumina platform with 170 Gbp data. The developed assembly by SOAPdenovo2 has ~459 Mbp genome size covered in 403,423 contigs with an average size of 1138.04 bp. The assembly was BLASTX with Arabidopsis thaliana which showed 32.9% positive hits between both plants. The top hit species distribution analysis showed the highest similarity with A. thaliana. A total of 809,597 GO level annotations were recorded after BLASTX results, and 34,012 sequences were annotated with different enzyme codes grouped under seven classes. The gene prediction tool AUGUSTUS identified 113,107 probable genes with an average size of 684 bp. The biochemical pathway annotation assigned 16,119 potential genes to 152 KEGG maps and 1751 enzyme codes. The development of potential SSRs from the de-novo assembly yielded 70731 unique primer pairs. Out of 159 randomly selected SSR markers for validation, 149 successfully amplified in S. alba. However, 10 SSR markers did not amplify during the validation experiment. CONCLUSION The annotated genome assembly with a large number of SSRs was developed in the present study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. alba genome assembly development, annotation, and SSRs mining to date. The data presented here will be a very important resource for future crop improvement programs, especially for resistant breeding.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yan HY, Guo HG, Sun YC, Ge F. Plant phenolics mediated bottom-up effects of elevated CO 2 on Acyrthosiphon pisum and its parasitoid Aphidius avenae. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:170-184. [PMID: 29938899 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can alter plant secondary metabolites, which play important roles in the interactions among plants, herbivorous insects and natural enemies. However, few studies have examined the cascading effects of host plant secondary metabolites on tri-trophic interactions under elevated CO2 (eCO2 ). In this study, we determined the effects of eCO2 on the growth and foliar phenolics of Medicago truncatula and the cascading effects on two color genotypes of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pink vs. green) and their parasitoid Aphidius avenae in the field open-top chambers. Our results showed that eCO2 increased photosynthetic rate, nodule number, yield and the total phenolic content of M. truncatula. eCO2 had contrasting effects on two genotypes of A. pisum; the green genotype demonstrated increased population abundance, fecundity, growth and feeding efficiency, while the pink genotype showed decreased fitness and these were closely associated with the foliar genstein content. Furthermore, eCO2 decreased the parasitic rate of A. avenae independent of aphid genotypes. eCO2 prolonged the emergence time and reduced the emergence rate and percentage of females when associated with the green genotype, but little difference, except for increased percentage of females, was observed in A. avenae under eCO2 when associated with the pink genotype, indicating that parasitoids can perceive and discriminate the qualities of aphid hosts. We concluded that eCO2 altered plant phenolics and thus the performance of aphids and parasitoids. Our results indicate that plant phenolics vary by different abiotic and biotic stimuli and could potentially deliver the cascading effects of eCO2 to the higher trophic levels. Our results also suggest that the green genotype is expected to perform better in future eCO2 because of decreased plant resistance after its infestation and decreased parasitic rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schaefer HL, Brandes H, Ulber B, Becker HC, Vidal S. Evaluation of nine genotypes of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) for larval infestation and performance of rape stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180807. [PMID: 28686731 PMCID: PMC5501604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rape stem weevil, Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll., is a serious pest of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crops in Europe causing severe yield loss. In currently used oilseed rape cultivars no resistance to C. napi has been identified. Resynthesized lines of B. napus have potential to broaden the genetic variability and may improve resistance to insect pests. In this study, the susceptibility to C. napi of three cultivars, one breeding line and five resynthesized lines of oilseed rape was compared in a semi-field plot experiment under multi-choice conditions. Plant acceptance for oviposition was estimated by counting the number of C. napi larvae in stems. The larval instar index and the dry body mass were assessed as indicators of larval performance. The extent of larval feeding within stems was determined by the stem injury coefficient. Morphological stem traits and stem contents of glucosinolates were assessed as potential mediators of resistance. The resynthesized line S30 had significantly fewer larvae than the cultivars Express617 and Visby and the resynthesized lines L122 and L16. The low level of larval infestation in S30 was associated with a low larval instar and stem injury index. Low numbers of larvae were not correlated with the length or diameter of stems, and the level of stem glucosinolates. As indicated by the low larval infestation and slow larval development the resistance of S30 to C. napi is based on both antixenotic and antibiotic properties of the genotypes. The resynthesized line S30 should therefore be introduced into B. napus breeding programs to enhance resistance against C. napi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike L. Schaefer
- Department for Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Section of Agricultural Entomology, Goettingen, Georg-August University, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Haiko Brandes
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Plant Breeding, Goettingen, Georg-August University, Germany
| | - Bernd Ulber
- Department for Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Section of Agricultural Entomology, Goettingen, Georg-August University, Germany
| | - Heiko C. Becker
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Plant Breeding, Goettingen, Georg-August University, Germany
| | - Stefan Vidal
- Department for Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Section of Agricultural Entomology, Goettingen, Georg-August University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Liu T, Duan M, Song J, Li X. De novo Transcriptome Analysis of Sinapis alba in Revealing the Glucosinolate and Phytochelatin Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:259. [PMID: 26973695 PMCID: PMC4777875 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sinapis alba is an important condiment crop and can also be used as a phytoremediation plant. Though it has important economic and agronomic values, sequence data, and the genetic tools are still rare in this plant. In the present study, a de novo transcriptome based on the transcriptions of leaves, stems, and roots was assembled for S. alba for the first time. The transcriptome contains 47,972 unigenes with a mean length of 1185 nt and an N50 of 1672 nt. Among these unigenes, 46,535 (97%) unigenes were annotated by at least one of the following databases: NCBI non-redundant (Nr), Swiss-Prot, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, Gene Ontology (GO), and Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs). The tissue expression pattern profiles revealed that 3489, 1361, and 8482 unigenes were predominantly expressed in the leaves, stems, and roots of S. alba, respectively. Genes predominantly expressed in the leaf were enriched in photosynthesis- and carbon fixation-related pathways. Genes predominantly expressed in the stem were enriched in not only pathways related to sugar, ether lipid, and amino acid metabolisms but also plant hormone signal transduction and circadian rhythm pathways, while the root-dominant genes were enriched in pathways related to lignin and cellulose syntheses, involved in plant-pathogen interactions, and potentially responsible for heavy metal chelating, and detoxification. Based on this transcriptome, 14,727 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, and 12,830 pairs of primers were developed for 2522 SSR-containing unigenes. Additionally, the glucosinolate (GSL) and phytochelatin metabolic pathways, which give the characteristic flavor and the heavy metal tolerance of this plant, were intensively analyzed. The genes of aliphatic GSLs pathway were predominantly expressed in roots. The absence of aliphatic GSLs in leaf tissues was due to the shutdown of BCAT4, MAM1, and CYP79F1 expressions. Glutathione was extensively converted into phytochelatin in roots, but it was actively converted to the oxidized form in leaves, indicating the different mechanisms in the two tissues. This transcriptome will not only benefit basic research and molecular breeding of S. alba but also be useful for the molecular-assisted transfer of beneficial traits to other crops.
Collapse
|
16
|
Francisco M, Ali M, Ferreres F, Moreno DA, Velasco P, Soengas P. Organ-Specific Quantitative Genetics and Candidate Genes of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Brassica oleracea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1240. [PMID: 26858727 PMCID: PMC4729930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are proving to be increasingly important for human health and in crop development, defense and adaptation. In spite of the economical importance of Brassica crops in agriculture, the mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds presents in these species remain unknown. The genetic and metabolic basis of phenolics accumulation was dissected through analysis of total phenolics concentration and its individual components in leaves, flower buds, and seeds of a double haploid (DH) mapping population of Brassica oleracea. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) that had an effect on phenolics concentration in each organ were integrated, resulting in 33 consensus QTLs controlling phenolics traits. Most of the studied compounds had organ-specific genomic regulation. Moreover, this information allowed us to propose candidate genes and to predict the function of genes underlying the QTL. A number of previously unknown potential regulatory regions involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism were identified and this study illustrates how plant ontogeny can affect a biochemical pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Francisco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC)Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mahmoud Ali
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC)Pontevedra, Spain
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC)Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC)Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC)Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pilar Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC)Pontevedra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pilar Soengas
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shao Y, Jiang J, Ran L, Lu C, Wei C, Wang Y. Analysis of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in rapeseeds (Brassica napus L. var. napus) by HPLC-PDA--ESI(--)-MS(n)/HRMS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2935-45. [PMID: 24620834 DOI: 10.1021/jf404826u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive description of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in Brassica napus L. var. napus seeds is important to improve rapeseed quality. HPLC-PDA-ESI(-)-MS(n)/HRMS has been broadly applied to study phenolic compounds in plants. In the present study, crude phenolic compounds extracted from rapeseed were subjected to column chromatography, alkaline hydrolysis, and HPLC-PDA-ESI(-)-MS(n)/HRMS analysis. A total of 91 flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected, including 39 kaempferol derivatives, 11 isorhamnetin derivatives, 5 quercetin derivatives, 6 flavanols and their oligomers, and 30 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. A total of 78 of these compounds were tentatively identified; of these, 55 were reported for the first time in B. napus L. var. napus and 24 were detected for the first time in the genus Brassica. This research enriches our knowledge of the phenolic composition of rapeseed and provides a reliable guide for the selection of rapeseed with valuable breeding potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology and ‡Test Center, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|