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Feng X, Rahman MM, Hu Q, Wang B, Karim H, Guzmán C, Harwood W, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Tang H, Jiang Y, Qi P, Deng M, Ma J, Lan J, Wang J, Chen G, Lan X, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Jiang Q. HvGBSSI mutation at the splicing receptor site affected RNA splicing and decreased amylose content in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003333. [PMID: 36212333 PMCID: PMC9538149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Granule-bound starch synthase I (HvGBSSI) is encoded by the barley waxy (Wx-1) gene and is the sole enzyme in the synthesis of amylose. Here, a Wx-1 mutant was identified from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized barley population. There were two single-base mutations G1086A and A2424G in Wx-1 in the mutant (M2-1105). The G1086A mutation is located at the 3' splicing receptor (AG) site of the fourth intron, resulting in an abnormal RNA splicing. The A2424G mutation was a synonymous mutation in the ninth intron. The pre-mRNA of Wx-1 was incorrectly spliced and transcribed into two abnormal transcripts. The type I transcript had a 6 bp deletion in the 5' of fifth exon, leading to a translated HvGBSSI protein lacking two amino acids with a decreased starch-binding capacity. In the type II transcript, the fourth intron was incorrectly cleaved and retained, resulting in the premature termination of the barley Wx-1 gene. The mutations in the Wx-1 decreased the enzymatic activity of the HvGBSSI enzyme and resulted in a decreased level in amylose content. This work sheds light on a new Wx-1 gene inaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Md. Mostafijur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hassan Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Carlos Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, SichuanChina
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li Y, Karim H, Wang B, Guzmán C, Harwood W, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Tang H, Jiang Y, Qi P, Deng M, Ma J, Lan J, Wang J, Chen G, Lan X, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Jiang Q. Regulation of Amylose Content by Single Mutations at an Active Site in the Wx-B1 Gene in a Tetraploid Wheat Mutant. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158432. [PMID: 35955567 PMCID: PMC9368913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) encoded by the waxy gene is responsible for amylose synthesis in the endosperm of wheat grains. In the present study, a novel Wx-B1 null mutant line, M3-415, was identified from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized population of Chinese tetraploid wheat landrace Jianyangailanmai (LM47). The gene sequence indicated that the mutated Wx-B1 encoded a complete protein; this protein was incompatible with the protein profile obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which showed the lack of Wx-B1 protein in the mutant line. The prediction of the protein structure showed an amino acid substitution (G470D) at the edge of the ADPG binding pocket, which might affect the binding of Wx-B1 to starch granules. Site-directed mutagenesis was further performed to artificially change the amino acid at the sequence position 469 from alanine (A) to threonine (T) (A469T) downstream of the mutated site in M3-415. Our results indicated that a single amino acid mutation in Wx-B1 reduces its activity by impairing its starch-binding capacity. The present study is the first to report the novel mechanism underlying Wx-1 deletion in wheat; moreover, it provided new insights into the inactivation of the waxy gene and revealed that fine regulation of wheat amylose content is possible by modifying the GBSSI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hassan Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Carlos Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK;
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingyu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (H.K.); (B.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.J.); (P.Q.); (M.D.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (G.C.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-8629-0958; Fax: +86-28-8265-0350
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Zhang X, Karim H, Feng X, Lan J, Tang H, Guzmán C, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Qi P, Deng M, Ma J, Wang J, Chen G, Lan X, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Jiang Q. A single base change at exon of Wx-A1 caused gene inactivation and starch properties modified in a wheat EMS mutant line. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2012-2022. [PMID: 34558070 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is an essential source of starch. The GBSS or waxy genes are responsible for synthesizing amylose in cereals. The present study identified a novel Wx-A1 null mutant line from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population of common wheat cv. SM126 using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel analyses. RESULTS The alignment of the Wx-A1 gene sequences from the mutant and parental SM126 lines showed only one single nucleotide polymorphism causing the appearance of a premature stop codon and Wx-A1 inactivation. The lack of Wx-A1 protein resulted in decreased amylose, total starch and resistant starch. The starch morphology assessment revealed that starch from mutant seeds was more wrinkled, increasing its susceptibility to digestion. Regarding the starch thermodynamic properties, the gelatinization temperature was remarkably reduced in the mutant compared to parental line SM126. The digestibility of native, gelatinized, and retrograded starches was analyzed for mutant M4-627 and the parental SM126 line. In the M4-627 line, rapidly digestible starch contents were increased, whereas resistant starch was decreased in the three types of starch. CONCLUSION Waxy protein is essential for starch synthesis. The thermodynamic characteristics were decreased in the Wx-A1 mutant line. The digestibility properties of starch were also affected. Therefore, the partial waxy mutant M3-627 might play a significant role in food improvement. Furthermore, it might also be used to produce high-quality noodles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuteng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hassan Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuqin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Carlos Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Alvarez JB, Castellano L, Huertas-García AB, Guzmán C. Molecular characterization of five novel Wx-A1 alleles in common wheat including one silent allele by transposon insertion. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110843. [PMID: 33691970 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wheat starch is composed of two glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin. Although several starch synthases are responsible for its synthesis, only the waxy protein is associated with the amylose synthesis. The waxy protein composition of 45 Spanish common wheat landraces from Andalusia (southern Spain) was evaluated. Within these materials, five novel alleles for the Wx-A1 gene were detected. Four of them showed functional proteins (Wx-A1p, Wx-A1q, Wx-A1r and Wx-A1s), although some amino acid changes were found in the mature protein sequence. However, one of them (Wx-A1t) exhibited loss of the Wx-A1 protein, and its base sequence contained one large insert (1,073 bp) in the tenth exon, that interrupted the ORF of the Wx-A1 gene. This insert exhibited the characteristics of a Class II transposon of the Mutator superfamily, which had not been described previously, and has been named Baetica. The conservation of such inserts could be related to their low effect on vital properties of the plants, as occurs with most of the genes associated with technological quality. In conclusion, the evaluation of old wheat landraces showed that, in addition to their use as alternative crops, these materials could be a useful source of interesting genes in wheat quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Alvarez
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Laura Castellano
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Ana B Huertas-García
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Carlos Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Identification and molecular characterization of mutant line deficiency in three waxy proteins of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:3510. [PMID: 33568721 PMCID: PMC7876011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is the main component of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain and a key factor in determining wheat processing quality. The Wx gene is the gene responsible for amylose synthesis. An ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized population was generated using common wheat cv. Gao 8901, a popular and high-quality cultivar in China. A waxy mutant (Wx-null) was isolated by screening M3 seeds with KI-I2 staining of endosperm starch. No obvious waxy proteins in Wx-null line were detected using Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). DNA sequencing revealed three SNPs and a 3-bp InDel in the first exon, and a 16-bp InDel at the junction region of the first Wx-A1 intron from the Wx-null line. Six SNPs were identified in Wx-B1 gene of Wx-null line compared to the wild-type Gao 8901, including four missense mutations. One nonsense mutation was found at position 857 in the fourth exon, which resulted in a premature stop codon. Expression levels of Wx genes were dramatically reduced in the Wx-null line. There were no detectable differences in granule size and morphology between Wx-null and wild-type, but the Wx-null line contained more B-type starch granules. The amylose content of the Wx-null line (0.22%) was remarkably lower compared to the wild-type Gao 8901 (24.71%). Total starch is also lower in the Wx-null line. The Wx-null line may provide a potential waxy material with high agronomic performance in wheat breeding programs.
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Xiang L, Huang L, Gong F, Liu J, Wang Y, Jin Y, He Y, He J, Jiang Q, Zheng Y, Liu D, Wu B. Enriching LMW-GS alleles and strengthening gluten properties of common wheat through wide hybridization with wild emmer. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:355. [PMID: 31501756 PMCID: PMC6728113 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Two advanced lines (BAd7-209 and BAd7-213) with identical high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition were obtained via wide hybridization between low-gluten cultivar chuannong16 (CN16) and wild emmer D97 (D97). BAd7-209 was better than BAd7-213, and both of them were much better than CN16 in a dough quality test. We found that BAd7-209 had more abundant and higher expression levels of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) proteins than those of BAd7-213. Twenty-nine novel LMW-GS genes at Glu-A3 locus were isolated from BAd7-209, BAd7-213 and their parents. We found that all 29 LMW-GS genes possessed the same primary structure shared by other known LMW-GSs. Twenty-seven genes encode LMW-m-type subunits, and two encode LMW-i-type subunits. BAd7-209 had a higher number of LMW-GS genes than BAd7-213, CN16, and D97. Two wild emmer genes MG574329 and MG574330 were present in the two advanced lines. Most of the LMW-m-type genes showed minor nucleotide variations between wide hybrids and their parents that could be induced through the wide hybridization process. Our results demonstrated that the wild emmer LMW-GS alleles could be feasibly transferred and integrated into common wheat background via wide hybridization and the potential value of the wild emmer LMW-GS alleles in breeding programs designed to improve wheat flour quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Fangyi Gong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yarong Jin
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Jingshu He
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
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Luo M, Ding J, Li Y, Tang H, Qi P, Ma J, Wang J, Chen G, Pu Z, Li W, Li Z, Harwood W, Lan X, Deng M, Lu Z, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Jiang Q. A single-base change at a splice site in Wx-A1 caused incorrect RNA splicing and gene inactivation in a wheat EMS mutant line. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2097-2109. [PMID: 30993362 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An EMS-induced single-base mutation at a splice site caused abnormal RNA splicing and resulted in the gene inactivation and the lack of Wx-A1 protein in a wheat EMS mutant line. An EMS-mutagenized population was generated using common wheat cv. SM126 consisting of 10,600 M2 plants. One Wx-A1 null mutant was identified through analyses of 390 grains produced from 130 M2 plants using electrophoresis analyses. The Wx-A1 sequences of parental line SM126 and M2-31 mutant were determined as 2781 bp, and there was only one SNP mutation between them. The SNP was a mutation from G to A at nucleotide sequence position 2168 bp (G2168A) downstream of the start codon which was located at the splicing site within the eighth intron. All 52 cDNA transcripts were found to be incorrectly spliced and can be summarized as five types of variations. The deletion of the exon and the exclusion of intron were structural features in abnormal splicing RNA. Together with the prediction of potential splice regulatory motifs, the mutation G2168A happened within the 5' splice site of the eighth intron and destroyed the splice donor site from GU to AU, which may have brought about a barrier against correct RNA splice, and generated abnormal mRNA, which was the mechanism of the inactivation of Wx-A1 in M2-31. The lack of Wx-A1 has resulted in changes in starch properties in the M2-31 mutant, with the reduction in amylose and starch contents. The increased grains hardness was observed in M2-31, which may be related to the lower expression level of Pinb-D1 gene. As the waxy wheat foods have a lot of advantages, the null waxy genes will be widely applied in breeding waxy wheat for varied amylose contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Luo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinjin Ding
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xiujin Lan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Lu
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Kuo SM, Chen YR, Yin SY, Ba QX, Tsai YC, Kuo WHJ, Lin YR. Waxy allele diversification in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) landraces of Taiwan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0210025. [PMID: 30596758 PMCID: PMC6312202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.), the second most cultivated millet species, is well adapted to diverse environments and remains an important cereal food and forage crop in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. A symbolic crop for indigenous Austronesian peoples, foxtail millet has been cultivated in Taiwan for more than 5,000 years, and landraces reflect diversifying selection for various food applications. A total of 124 accessions collected within Taiwan were assessed for Wx genotypes. Four identified Wx alleles, I, III, IV, and IX were caused by insertion of various transposable elements (TEs) and resulted in endosperm with non-waxy, low amylose content (AC), and waxy, respectively. A total of 16.9%, 4.0%, 49.2%, and 29.8% of accessions were classified as type I, III, IV, and IX, respectively; approximately half of the accessions belonged to the waxy type, indicating that glutinous grains were favored for making traditional food and wine. The TE insertion affected splicing efficiency rather than accuracy, leading to significantly reduced expression of wx in types III, IV, and IX, although their transcripts were the same as wild-type, type I. Consequently, the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) contents of the three mutated genotypes were relatively low, leading to waxy or low AC endosperm, and the Wx genotypes could explain 78% of variance in AC. The geographic distribution of Wx genotypes are associated with culinary preferences and migration routes of Taiwanese indigenous peoples-in particular, the genotype of landraces collected from Orchid Island was distinct from those from Taiwan Island. This information on the major gene regulating starch biosynthesis in foxtail millet endosperm can be applied to breeding programs for grain quality, and contributes to knowledge of Austronesian cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-meng Kuo
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-ru Chen
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Song-yu Yin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qing-xiong Ba
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-ching Tsai
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Warren H. J. Kuo
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-rong Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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vonHoldt BM, Ji SS, Aardema ML, Stahler DR, Udell MAR, Sinsheimer JS. Activity of Genes with Functions in Human Williams-Beuren Syndrome Is Impacted by Mobile Element Insertions in the Gray Wolf Genome. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:1546-1553. [PMID: 29860323 PMCID: PMC6007319 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In canines, transposon dynamics have been associated with a hyper-social behavioral syndrome, although the functional mechanism has yet to be described. We investigate the epigenetic and transcriptional consequences of these behavior-associated mobile element insertions (MEIs) in dogs and Yellowstone gray wolves. We posit that the transposons themselves may not be the causative feature; rather, their transcriptional regulation may exert the functional impact. We survey four outlier transposons associated with hyper-sociability, with the expectation that they are targeted for epigenetic silencing. We predict hyper-methylation of MEIs, suggestive that the epigenetic silencing of and not the MEIs themselves may be driving dysregulation of nearby genes. We found that transposon-derived sequences are significantly hyper-methylated, regardless of their copy number or species. Further, we have assessed transcriptome sequence data and found evidence that MEIs impact the expression levels of six genes (WBSCR17, LIMK1, GTF2I, WBSCR27, BAZ1B, and BCL7B), all of which have known roles in human Williams-Beuren syndrome due to changes in copy number, typically hemizygosity. Although further evidence is needed, our results suggest that a few insertions alter local expression at multiple genes, likely through a cis-regulatory mechanism that excludes proximal methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgett M vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey
| | - Sarah S Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew L Aardema
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, New Jersey
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Daniel R Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
| | - Monique A R Udell
- Department of Animal & Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Zhou YJ, Yang Q, Zhong XJ, Tang HP, Deng M, Ma J, Qi PF, Wang JR, Chen GY, Liu YX, Lu ZX, Li W, Lan XJ, Wei YM, Zheng YL, Jiang QT. Alternative splicing results in a lack of starch synthase IIa-D in Chinese wheat landrace. Genome 2018; 61:201-208. [PMID: 29401409 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the SGP-1 protein composition of 368 Chinese wheat landraces using SDS-PAGE. The SGP-D1 null type was identified in three accessions (Xiaoqingmang, Pushanbamai, and P119). An 18-bp deletion and 9-bp variation were found at the junction region of the 7th intron and 8th exon, leading to deletion of the intron-exon junction recognition site AG when aligned the 8261-bp DNA sequence of TaSSIIa-D in Pushanbamai with that of Chinese Spring. Four cDNA types with mis-spliced isoforms were subsequently detected through amplification of TaSSIIa-D cDNAs. Among these, nine type II cDNAs with a 16-bp deletion in the 8th exon were detected, indicating that the major transcriptional pattern of TaSSIIa in Pushanbamai is type II. In the type IV cDNA, a 97-bp sequence remains undeleted in the end of the 5th exon. The amylose content in Pushanbamai was significantly higher than that in all control lines under field conditions, which suggested that deletion of SGP-D1 has an efficient impact on amylose content. As the TaSSIIa gene plays an important role in regulating the content of amylose, it is anticipated that these natural variants of TaSSIIa-D will provide useful resources for quality improvement in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Zhou
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhong
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hua-Ping Tang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Peng-Fei Qi
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ji-Rui Wang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guo-Yue Chen
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ya-Xi Liu
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhen-Xiang Lu
- b Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- c College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiu-Jin Lan
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wei
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qian-Tao Jiang
- a Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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