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Zhang D, Zhang X, Li F, La Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhao Y, Song Q, Wang W. The association of polymorphisms in the ovine PPARGC1B and ZEB2 genes with body weight in Hu sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:90-97. [PMID: 32496943 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1775626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of PPARGC1B and ZEB2 polymorphisms on the body weight of Hu sheep. DNA sequencing and KASPar technologies were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PPARGC1B and ZEB2 genes of Hu sheep (n = 207). Two synonymous mutations, g.300 G > A and g.645 C > T, were detected in PPARGC1B and ZEB2, respectively. The body weights of sheep were recorded at 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180-days, and associations between these polymorphisms and body weight changes were analyzed. Association analysis demonstrated that the polymorphisms in PPARGC1B and ZEB2 significantly associated with body weight (p < 0.05). At the g.300 G > A locus, individuals with the GG genotype had significantly higher body weight than those with the AA genotype, and at the g.645 C > T locus, individuals with the TT genotype had significantly higher body weight than those with the TC genotype. Individuals with both polymorphisms exhibited significantly different growth (p < 0.05). These data suggest that polymorphisms in the PPARGC1B and ZEB2 genes can be used as candidate molecular markers for the breeding of desirable growth traits in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongfu La
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoze Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qizhi Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Chang HS, Lee SH, Lee JU, Park JS, Chung IY, Park CS. Functional Characterization of Exonic Variants of the PPARGC1B Gene in Coregulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:314-21. [PMID: 27027322 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) is a coactivator of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. We previously demonstrated a significant association between a variant of exon 5 of the PPARGC1B gene (+102525 G>A, R265Q) and airway hyperreactivity (AHR). The aims of the study were to evaluate the genetic effects of variants of the PPARGC1B gene on the function of ERs. PPARGC1B +102525G and A gene constructs were generated using PCR and cloned into a pCMV4 promoter vector. A luciferase reporter assay was undertaken in 293T cells cotransfected with one of the PPARGC1B +102525G>A constructs, ERα, and an estrogen response element (ERE) containing a luciferase construct after treatment with 17β-estradiol. According to the luciferase reporter assay, the +102525A allele showed higher ERα activity than the +102525G allele in response to stimulation with 17β-estradiol. In addition, the interaction between ERα and PPARGC1B was evaluated by coprecipitation assay. Human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged PPARGC1B coprecipitated more intensely with ERα in the +102525A than the +102525G construct after 17β estradiol treatment. The variant +102525A allele enhances the activity of ERα to a greater degree than the +102525G allele of PPARGC1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Soo Chang
- 1 Department of Medical Bioscience, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hwa Lee
- 1 Department of Medical Bioscience, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Lee
- 1 Department of Medical Bioscience, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- 2 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital , Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yup Chung
- 3 Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- 1 Department of Medical Bioscience, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, Republic of Korea.,2 Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital , Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of athletic performance is an important step in the development of methods for talent identification in sport. Research concerned with molecular predictors has highlighted a number of potentially important DNA polymorphisms contributing to predisposition to success in certain types of sport. This review summarizes the evidence and mechanistic insights on the associations between DNA polymorphisms and athletic performance. A literature search (period: 1997-2014) revealed that at least 120 genetic markers are linked to elite athlete status (77 endurance-related genetic markers and 43 power/strength-related genetic markers). Notably, 11 (9%) of these genetic markers (endurance markers: ACE I, ACTN3 577X, PPARA rs4253778 G, PPARGC1A Gly482; power/strength markers: ACE D, ACTN3 Arg577, AMPD1 Gln12, HIF1A 582Ser, MTHFR rs1801131 C, NOS3 rs2070744 T, PPARG 12Ala) have shown positive associations with athlete status in three or more studies, and six markers (CREM rs1531550 A, DMD rs939787 T, GALNT13 rs10196189 G, NFIA-AS1 rs1572312 C, RBFOX1 rs7191721 G, TSHR rs7144481 C) were identified after performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of African-American, Jamaican, Japanese, and Russian athletes. On the other hand, the significance of 29 (24%) markers was not replicated in at least one study. Future research including multicenter GWAS, whole-genome sequencing, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling and performing meta-analyses in large cohorts of athletes is needed before these findings can be extended to practice in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildus I Ahmetov
- Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Olga N Fedotovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Functional crosstalk of PGC-1 coactivators and inflammation in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 36:27-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gurung IS, Medina-Gomez G, Kis A, Baker M, Velagapudi V, Neogi SG, Campbell M, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Lelliott C, McFarlane I, Oresic M, Grace AA, Vidal-Puig A, Huang CLH. Deletion of the metabolic transcriptional coactivator PGC1β induces cardiac arrhythmia. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:29-38. [PMID: 21632884 PMCID: PMC3172981 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivators PGC1α and PGC1β modulate mitochondrial biogenesis and energy homeostasis. The function of these transcriptional coactivators is impaired in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We searched for transcriptomic, lipidomic, and electrophysiological alterations in PGC1β(-/-) hearts potentially associated with increased arrhythmic risk in metabolic diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Microarray analysis in mouse PGC1β(-/-) hearts confirmed down-regulation of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain and up-regulation of hypertrophy- and hypoxia-related genes. Lipidomic analysis showed increased levels of the pro-arrhythmic and pro-inflammatory lipid, lysophosphatidylcholine. PGC1β(-/-) mouse electrocardiograms showed irregular heartbeats and an increased incidence of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia following isoprenaline infusion. Langendorff-perfused PGC1β(-/-) hearts showed action potential alternans, early after-depolarizations, and ventricular tachycardia. PGC1β(-/-) ventricular myocytes showed oscillatory resting potentials, action potentials with early and delayed after-depolarizations, and burst firing during sustained current injection. They showed abnormal diastolic Ca(2+) transients, whose amplitude and frequency were increased by isoprenaline, and Ca(2+) currents with negatively shifted inactivation characteristics, with increased window currents despite unaltered levels of CACNA1C RNA transcripts. Inwardly and outward rectifying K(+) currents were all increased. Quantitiative RT-PCR demonstrated increased SCN5A, KCNA5, RYR2, and Ca(2+)-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II expression. CONCLUSION PGC1β(-/-) hearts showed a lysophospholipid-induced cardiac lipotoxicity and impaired bioenergetics accompanied by an ion channel remodelling and altered Ca(2+) homeostasis, converging to produce a ventricular arrhythmic phenotype particularly during adrenergic stress. This could contribute to the increased cardiac mortality associated with both metabolic and cardiac disease attributable to lysophospholipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman S. Gurung
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gema Medina-Gomez
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Adrienn Kis
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000, Espo,Finland
| | - Sudeshna Guha Neogi
- Genomics CoreLab, NIHR-Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Campbell
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher Lelliott
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ian McFarlane
- Genomics CoreLab, NIHR-Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matej Oresic
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000, Espo,Finland
| | - Andrew A. Grace
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher L.-H. Huang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
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Olsson AH, Rönn T, Elgzyri T, Hansson O, Eriksson KF, Groop L, Vaag A, Poulsen P, Ling C. The expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) genes in human skeletal muscle is related to metabolic characteristics involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 103:275-81. [PMID: 21470888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes patients exhibit a reduction in oxidative muscle fibres and an increase in glycolytic muscle fibres. In this study, we investigated whether both genetic and non-genetic factors influence the mRNA expression levels of three myosin heavy chain (MHC) genes represented in different fibre types. Specifically, we examined the MHC7 (slow-twitch oxidative fibre), MHCIIa (fast-twitch oxidative fibre) and MHCIIx/d (fast-twitch glycolytic fibre) genes in human skeletal muscle. We further investigated the use of MHC mRNA expression as a proxy to determine fibre-type composition, as measured by traditional ATP staining. Two cohorts of age-matched Swedish men were studied to determine the relationship of muscle mRNA expression of MHC7, MHCIIa, and MHCIIx/d with muscle fibre composition. A classical twin approach, including young and elderly Danish twin pairs, was utilised to examine if differences in expression levels were due to genetic or environmental factors. Although MHCIIx/d mRNA expression correlated positively with the level of type IIx/d muscle fibres in the two cohorts (P<0.05), a relatively low magnitude of correlation suggests that mRNA does not fully correlate with fibre-type composition. Heritability estimates and genetic analysis suggest that the levels of MHC7, MHCIIa and MHCIIx/d expression are primarily under non-genetic influence, and MHCIIa indicated an age-related decline. PGC-1α exhibited a positive relationship with the expression of all three MHC genes (P<0.05); meanwhile, PGC-1β related positively with MHCIIa expression and negatively with MHCIIx/d expression (P<0.05). While MHCIIa expression related positively with insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (P<0.01), MHCIIx/d expression related negatively with insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that the expression levels of the MHC genes are associated with age and both PGC-1α and PGC-1β and indicate that the MHC genes may to some extent be used to determine fibre-type composition in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders H Olsson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Koeck T, Olsson AH, Nitert MD, Sharoyko VV, Ladenvall C, Kotova O, Reiling E, Rönn T, Parikh H, Taneera J, Eriksson JG, Metodiev MD, Larsson NG, Balhuizen A, Luthman H, Stančáková A, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Poulsen P, Vaag A, Groop L, Lyssenko V, Mulder H, Ling C. A common variant in TFB1M is associated with reduced insulin secretion and increased future risk of type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2011; 13:80-91. [PMID: 21195351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) evolves when insulin secretion fails. Insulin release from the pancreatic β cell is controlled by mitochondrial metabolism, which translates fluctuations in blood glucose into metabolic coupling signals. We identified a common variant (rs950994) in the human transcription factor B1 mitochondrial (TFB1M) gene associated with reduced insulin secretion, elevated postprandial glucose levels, and future risk of T2D. Because islet TFB1M mRNA levels were lower in carriers of the risk allele and correlated with insulin secretion, we examined mice heterozygous for Tfb1m deficiency. These mice displayed lower expression of TFB1M in islets and impaired mitochondrial function and released less insulin in response to glucose in vivo and in vitro. Reducing TFB1M mRNA and protein in clonal β cells by RNA interference impaired complexes of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Consequently, nutrient-stimulated ATP generation was reduced, leading to perturbed insulin secretion. We conclude that a deficiency in TFB1M and impaired mitochondrial function contribute to the pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Scania University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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8
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Estep M, Armistead D, Hossain N, Elarainy H, Goodman Z, Baranova A, Chandhoke V, Younossi ZM. Differential expression of miRNAs in the visceral adipose tissue of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:487-97. [PMID: 20497147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be facilitated by soluble molecules secreted by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are likely to regulate some of these molecular pathways involved in pathogenesis of NAFLD. AIM To profile miRNA expression in the visceral adipose tissue of patients with NAFLD. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue samples were collected from NAFLD patients and frozen. Patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were divided into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 12) and non-NASH (n = 12) cohorts controlled for clinical and demographic characteristics. Extracted total RNA was profiled using TaqMan Human MicroRNA arrays. Univariate Mann-Whitney comparisons and multivariate regression analysis were performed to compare miRNA profiles. RESULTS A total of 113 miRNA differentially expressed between NASH patients and non-NASH patients (P < 0.05). Of these, seven remained significant after multiple test correction (hsa-miR-132, hsa-miR-150, hsa-miR-433, hsa-miR-28-3p, hsa-miR-511, hsa-miR-517a, hsa-miR-671). Predicted target genes for these miRNAs include insulin receptor pathway components (IGF1, IGFR13), cytokines (CCL3, IL6), ghrelin/obestatin gene, and inflammation-related genes (NFKB1, RELB, FAS). In addition, two miRNA species, hsa-miR-197 and hsa-miR-99, were significantly associated with pericellular fibrosis in NASH patients (P < 0.05). Levels of IL-6 in the serum negatively correlated with the expression levels of all seven miRNAs capable of down regulating IL-6 encoding gene. CONCLUSIONS miRNA expression from VAT may contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD - a finding which may distinguish relatively simple steatosis from NASH. This could help identify potential targets for pharmacological treatment regimens and candidate biomarkers for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estep
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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10
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Ahmetov II, Williams AG, Popov DV, Lyubaeva EV, Hakimullina AM, Fedotovskaya ON, Mozhayskaya IA, Vinogradova OL, Astratenkova IV, Montgomery HE, Rogozkin VA. The combined impact of metabolic gene polymorphisms on elite endurance athlete status and related phenotypes. Hum Genet 2009; 126:751-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kelly TJ, Lerin C, Haas W, Gygi SP, Puigserver P. GCN5-mediated transcriptional control of the metabolic coactivator PGC-1beta through lysine acetylation. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:19945-52. [PMID: 19491097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.015164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in expression levels of genes encoding for proteins that control metabolic pathways are essential to maintain nutrient and energy homeostasis in individual cells as well as in organisms. An important regulated step in this process is accomplished through covalent chemical modifications of proteins that form complexes with the chromatin of gene promoters. The peroxisome proliferators gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional co-activators comprises important components of a number of these complexes and participates in a large array of glucose and lipid metabolic adaptations. Here, we show that PGC-1beta is acetylated on at least 10 lysine residues distributed along the length of the protein by the acetyl transferase general control of amino-acid synthesis (GCN5) and that this acetylation reaction is reversed by the deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). GCN5 strongly interacts with PGC-1beta and represses its transcriptional activity associated with transcription factors such as ERRalpha, NRF-1, and HNF4alpha, however acetylation and transcriptional repression do not occur when a catalytically inactive GCN5 is co-expressed. Transcriptional repression coincides with PGC-1beta redistribution to nuclear foci where it co-localizes with GCN5. Furthermore, knockdown of GCN5 ablates PGC-1beta acetylation and increases transcriptional activity. In primary skeletal muscle cells, PGC-1beta induction of endogenous target genes, including MCAD and GLUT4, is largely repressed by GCN5. Functionally, this translates to a blunted response to PGC-1beta-induced insulin-mediated glucose transport. These results suggest that PGC-1beta acetylation by GCN5 might be an important step in the control of glucose and lipid pathways and its dysregulation could contribute to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Kelly
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvad Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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12
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Kacerovsky-Bielesz G, Chmelik M, Ling C, Pokan R, Szendroedi J, Farukuoye M, Kacerovsky M, Schmid AI, Gruber S, Wolzt M, Moser E, Pacini G, Smekal G, Groop L, Roden M. Short-term exercise training does not stimulate skeletal muscle ATP synthesis in relatives of humans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2009; 58:1333-41. [PMID: 19265027 PMCID: PMC2682667 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that short-term exercise training improves hereditary insulin resistance by stimulating ATP synthesis and investigated associations with gene polymorphisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 24 nonobese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients and 12 control subjects at rest and 48 h after three bouts of exercise. In addition to measurements of oxygen uptake and insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test), ectopic lipids and mitochondrial ATP synthesis were assessed using(1)H and(31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. They were genotyped for polymorphisms in genes regulating mitochondrial function, PPARGC1A (rs8192678) and NDUFB6 (rs540467). RESULTS Relatives had slightly lower (P = 0.012) insulin sensitivity than control subjects. In control subjects, ATP synthase flux rose by 18% (P = 0.0001), being 23% higher (P = 0.002) than that in relatives after exercise training. Relatives responding to exercise training with increased ATP synthesis (+19%, P = 0.009) showed improved insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) compared with those whose insulin sensitivity did not improve. A polymorphism in the NDUFB6 gene from respiratory chain complex I related to ATP synthesis (P = 0.02) and insulin sensitivity response to exercise training (P = 0.05). ATP synthase flux correlated with O(2)uptake and insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The ability of short-term exercise to stimulate ATP production distinguished individuals with improved insulin sensitivity from those whose insulin sensitivity did not improve. In addition, the NDUFB6 gene polymorphism appeared to modulate this adaptation. This finding suggests that genes involved in mitochondrial function contribute to the response of ATP synthesis to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Kacerovsky-Bielesz
- Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Chmelik
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rochus Pokan
- Department of Sports and Exercise Physiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Farukuoye
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Kacerovsky
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht I. Schmid
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Gruber
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewald Moser
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padua, Italy
| | - Gerhard Smekal
- Department of Sports and Exercise Physiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael Roden
- Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center-Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine/Metabolic Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Corresponding author: Michael Roden,
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Oberkofler H, Hafner M, Felder T, Krempler F, Patsch W. Transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma co-activator-1beta is involved in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 87:299-306. [PMID: 19082571 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1 (PGC-1) alpha and -beta play pivotal roles in the regulation of intermediary metabolism. We have previously shown that PGC-1alpha-mediated upregulation of beta-cell sterol element binding protein (SREBP) gene expression impairs insulin secretion via increased transcription of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). PGC-1beta, in contrast to PGC-1alpha, directly binds to and acts as a co-activator of SREBPs and the forkhead transcription factor 2A (FOXA2) involved in pancreas development and function. To address a possible role of PGC-1beta in beta-cell function, we determined islet gene expression levels of PGC-1alpha, PGC-1beta, SREBPs, FOXA2, FOXO1, UCP2 as well as granuphilin, a critical component of the insulin secretory machinery, in Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF). In comparison to controls, mRNA levels of all genes studied except for FOXA2 and FOXO1 were increased in islets of obese, fa/fa ZDF rats. The transcriptional activities of the UCP2 and granuphilin promoters were assessed in INS-1E cells in response to PGC-1beta overexpression and small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing. PGC-1beta as well as SREBP-1c and -2 increased transcription from the UCP2 promoter in INS-1E cells. Transient transfection of PGC-1beta-specific siRNAs significantly decreased SREBP-2-mediated transcriptional activation of the UCP2 gene. Furthermore PGC-1beta, SREBP-1c, and FOXA2 overexpression augmented granuphilin promoter activity, whereas siRNA-mediated gene knockdown of PGC-1beta reduced the effects of SREBP-1c and FOXA2 on granuphilin gene transcription and significantly increased glucose-stimulated insulin release from INS-1E cells. Our results support a role of PGC-1beta in the regulation of insulin secretion via upregulation of UCP2 and granuphilin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Oberkofler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Landeskliniken and Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstr., Austria.
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Rönn T, Poulsen P, Hansson O, Holmkvist J, Almgren P, Nilsson P, Tuomi T, Isomaa B, Groop L, Vaag A, Ling C. Age influences DNA methylation and gene expression of COX7A1 in human skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1159-68. [PMID: 18488190 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Reduced oxidative capacity of the mitochondria in skeletal muscle has been suggested to contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, a set of genes influencing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is downregulated in diabetic muscle. Here we studied whether genetic, epigenetic and non-genetic factors influence a component of the respiratory chain, COX7A1, previously shown to be downregulated in skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes. The specific aims were to: (1) evaluate the impact of genetic (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]), epigenetic (DNA methylation) and non-genetic (age) factors on the expression of COX7A1 in human skeletal muscle; and (2) investigate whether common variants in the COX7A1 gene are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS COX7A1 mRNA expression was analysed in muscle biopsies from young (n = 110) and elderly (n = 86) non-diabetic twins and related to measures of in vivo metabolism. Genetic variants (three SNPs) from the COX7A1 locus were genotyped in the twins and in two independent type 2 diabetes case-control cohorts (n = 1466 and 6380, respectively). DNA methylation of the COX7A1 promoter was analysed in a subset of twins (ten young, ten elderly) using bisulphite sequencing. RESULTS While DNA methylation of the COX7A1 promoter was increased in muscle from elderly compared with young twins (19.9 +/- 8.3% vs 1.8 +/- 2.7%; p = 0.035), the opposite was found for COX7A1 mRNA expression (elderly 1.00 +/- 0.05 vs young 1.68 +/- 0.06; p = 0.0005). The heritability of COX7A1 expression was estimated to be 50% in young and 72% in elderly twins. One of the polymorphisms investigated, rs753420, influenced basal COX7A1 expression in muscle of young (p = 0.0001) but not of elderly twins. The transcript level of COX7A1 was associated with increased in vivo glucose uptake and VO(2max) (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively). We did not observe any genetic association between COX7A1 polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes after correcting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results provide further evidence for age as a factor influencing DNA methylation and expression of OXPHOS genes, and thereby in vivo metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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15
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Nilsson E, Poulsen P, Sjögren M, Ling C, Ridderstråle M, Groop L, Vaag A. Regulation of skeletal muscle PPAR delta mRNA expression in twins. J Physiol 2007; 584:1011-7. [PMID: 17855759 PMCID: PMC2276995 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.140673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism in a complex and to some extent unknown manner. Our aim was to study the impact of different factors on PPARdelta mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle on one side, and the impact of PPARdelta mRNA expression on these factors, including glucose and lipid metabolism, aerobic capacity, fibre type composition and lipid profile, on the other side. PPARdelta mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR in muscle biopsies from 176 young and elderly monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Young twins had significantly increased PPARdelta mRNA levels compared with elderly twins. A 2 h hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp had no significant effect on PPARdelta mRNA levels. Biometric models were calculated for basal PPARdelta mRNA expression to estimate the degree of genetic versus environmental influence. In both young and elderly twins there was a substantial genetic component influencing basal PPARdelta mRNA levels. In a regression model, the muscle PPARdelta mRNA expression was correlated to birth weight, central adiposity and age. The level of PPARdelta mRNA was also positively correlated with markers for oxidative muscle fibres. However, in this apparently healthy study population, we found no correlations between PPARdelta mRNA expression and aerobic capacity, lipid profile or glucose and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, we provide evidence that mRNA expression of PPARdelta in human skeletal muscle is under genetic control but also influenced by factors such as age, birth weight and central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nilsson
- Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 1, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
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