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Gottmann P, Speckmann T, Stadion M, Zuljan E, Aga H, Sterr M, Büttner M, Santos PM, Jähnert M, Bornstein SR, Theis FJ, Lickert H, Schürmann A. Heterogeneous Development of β-Cell Populations in Diabetes-Resistant and -Susceptible Mice. Diabetes 2022; 71:1962-1978. [PMID: 35771990 PMCID: PMC9862397 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Progressive dysfunction and failure of insulin-releasing β-cells are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To study mechanisms of β-cell loss in T2D, we performed islet single-cell RNA sequencing of two obese mouse strains differing in their diabetes susceptibility. With mice on a control diet, we identified six β-cell clusters with similar abundance in both strains. However, after feeding of a diabetogenic diet for 2 days, β-cell cluster composition markedly differed between strains. Islets of diabetes-resistant mice developed into a protective β-cell cluster (Beta4), whereas those of diabetes-prone mice progressed toward stress-related clusters with a strikingly different expression pattern. Interestingly, the protective cluster showed indications of reduced β-cell identity, such as downregulation of GLUT2, GLP1R, and MafA, and in vitro knockdown of GLUT2 in β-cells-mimicking its phenotype-decreased stress response and apoptosis. This might explain enhanced β-cell survival of diabetes-resistant islets. In contrast, β-cells of diabetes-prone mice responded with expression changes indicating metabolic pressure and endoplasmic reticulum stress, presumably leading to later β-cell loss. In conclusion, failure of diabetes-prone mice to adapt gene expression toward a more dedifferentiated state in response to rising blood glucose levels leads to β-cell failure and diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erika Zuljan
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heja Aga
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maren Büttner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Patrícia Martínez Santos
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- Corresponding author: Annette Schürmann,
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2
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D'Addio F, Maestroni A, Assi E, Ben Nasr M, Amabile G, Usuelli V, Loretelli C, Bertuzzi F, Antonioli B, Cardarelli F, El Essawy B, Solini A, Gerling IC, Bianchi C, Becchi G, Mazzucchelli S, Corradi D, Fadini GP, Foschi D, Markmann JF, Orsi E, Škrha J, Camboni MG, Abdi R, James Shapiro AM, Folli F, Ludvigsson J, Del Prato S, Zuccotti G, Fiorina P. The IGFBP3/TMEM219 pathway regulates beta cell homeostasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:684. [PMID: 35115561 PMCID: PMC8813914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of pancreatic beta cells is a central feature of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes, but a therapeutic strategy to preserve beta cell mass remains to be established. Here we show that the death receptor TMEM219 is expressed on pancreatic beta cells and that signaling through its ligand insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) leads to beta cell loss and dysfunction. Increased peripheral IGFBP3 was observed in established and at-risk T1D/T2D patients and was confirmed in T1D/T2D preclinical models, suggesting that dysfunctional IGFBP3/TMEM219 signaling is associated with abnormalities in beta cells homeostasis. In vitro and in vivo short-term IGFBP3/TMEM219 inhibition and TMEM219 genetic ablation preserved beta cells and prevented/delayed diabetes onset, while long-term IGFBP3/TMEM219 blockade allowed for beta cell expansion. Interestingly, in several patients' cohorts restoration of appropriate IGFBP3 levels was associated with improved beta cell function. The IGFBP3/TMEM219 pathway is thus shown to be a physiological regulator of beta cell homeostasis and is also demonstrated to be disrupted in T1D/T2D. IGFBP3/TMEM219 targeting may therefore serve as a therapeutic option in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeostasis/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle Aged
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maestroni
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Bertuzzi
- Diabetology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Antonioli
- Diabetology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Basset El Essawy
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Becchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Diego Foschi
- General Surgery, DIBIC, L. Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - James F Markmann
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuela Orsi
- Diabetes Service, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS Cà Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Škrha
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Franco Folli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, Università di Milano, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Dept of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano and Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Sevillano J, Liang A, Strutt B, Hill TG, Szlapinski S, Ramos-Álvarez MP, Hill DJ. Pleiotrophin Expression and Actions in Pancreatic β-Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:777868. [PMID: 35250852 PMCID: PMC8894601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.777868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a heparin-binding cytokine that is widely expressed during early development and increases in maternal circulation during pregnancy.Aged PTN-deficient mice exhibit insulin resistance, suggesting a role in metabolic control. The objectives of this study were to determine if PTN is expressed in mouse pancreatic β-cells in young vs. adult animals, and its effects on DNA synthesis, β-cell gene expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The Ptn gene was expressed in isolated fractions of young mouse β-cells, especially within immature β-cells with low glucose transporter 2 expression. Expression was retained in the adult pancreas but did not significantly change during pregnancy. PTN and its receptor, phosphotyrosine phosphatase-β/ζ, were also expressed in the proliferative INS1E β-cell line. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that PTN peptide was present in islets of Langerhans in adult mice, associated predominantly with β-cells. The percentage of β-cells staining for PTN did not alter during mouse pregnancy, but intense staining was seen during β-cell regeneration in young mice following depletion of β-cells with streptozotocin. Incubation of INS1E cells with PTN resulted in an increased DNA synthesis as measured by Ki67 localization and increased expression of Pdx1 and insulin. However, both DNA synthesis and GSIS were not altered by PTN in isolated adult mouse islets. The findings show that Ptn is expressed in mouse β-cells in young and adult life and could potentially contribute to adaptive increases in β-cell mass during early life or pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aileen Liang
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda Strutt
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas G. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Szlapinski
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: David J. Hill,
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4
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Mitochondrial gene expression in single cells shape pancreatic beta cells' sub-populations and explain variation in insulin pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:466. [PMID: 33432158 PMCID: PMC7801437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene expression is pivotal to cell metabolism. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether it diverges within a given cell type. Here, we analysed single-cell RNA-seq experiments from human pancreatic alpha (N = 3471) and beta cells (N = 1989), as well as mouse beta cells (N = 1094). Cluster analysis revealed two distinct human beta cells populations, which diverged by mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene expression in healthy and diabetic individuals, and in newborn but not in adult mice. Insulin gene expression was elevated in beta cells with higher mtDNA gene expression in humans and in young mice. Such human beta cell populations also diverged in mitochondrial RNA mutational repertoire, and in their selective signature, thus implying the existence of two previously overlooked distinct and conserved beta cell populations. While applying our approach to human alpha cells, two sub-populations of cells were identified which diverged in mtDNA gene expression, yet these cellular populations did not consistently diverge in nDNA OXPHOS genes expression, nor did they correlate with the expression of glucagon, the hallmark of alpha cells. Thus, pancreatic beta cells within an individual are divided into distinct groups with unique metabolic-mitochondrial signature.
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5
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Fuchs S, Ernst AU, Wang LH, Shariati K, Wang X, Liu Q, Ma M. Hydrogels in Emerging Technologies for Type 1 Diabetes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:11458-11526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fuchs
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander U. Ernst
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Minglin Ma
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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6
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Tomas A, Jones B, Leech C. New Insights into Beta-Cell GLP-1 Receptor and cAMP Signaling. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1347-1366. [PMID: 31446075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the translational potential of the GLP-1/GLP-1R system in pancreatic beta cells has led to the development of established GLP-1R-based therapies for the long-term preservation of beta cell function. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the current research on the GLP-1/GLP-1R system in beta cells, including the regulation of signaling by endocytic trafficking as well as the application of concepts such as signal bias, allosteric modulation, dual agonism, polymorphic receptor variants, spatial compartmentalization of cAMP signaling and new downstream signaling targets involved in the control of beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colin Leech
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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7
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Ernst AU, Bowers DT, Wang LH, Shariati K, Plesser MD, Brown NK, Mehrabyan T, Ma M. Nanotechnology in cell replacement therapies for type 1 diabetes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:116-138. [PMID: 30716349 PMCID: PMC6677642 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising long-term, compliance-free, complication-preventing treatment for type 1 diabetes. However, islet transplantation is currently limited to a narrow set of patients due to the shortage of donor islets and side effects from immunosuppression. Encapsulating cells in an immunoisolating membrane can allow for their transplantation without the need for immunosuppression. Alternatively, "open" systems may improve islet health and function by allowing vascular ingrowth at clinically attractive sites. Many processes that enable graft success in both approaches occur at the nanoscale level-in this review we thus consider nanotechnology in cell replacement therapies for type 1 diabetes. A variety of biomaterial-based strategies at the nanometer range have emerged to promote immune-isolation or modulation, proangiogenic, or insulinotropic effects. Additionally, coating islets with nano-thin polymer films has burgeoned as an islet protection modality. Materials approaches that utilize nanoscale features manipulate biology at the molecular scale, offering unique solutions to the enduring challenges of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander U Ernst
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel T Bowers
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mitchell D Plesser
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Natalie K Brown
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tigran Mehrabyan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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8
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Beuzelin D, Kaeffer B. Exosomes and miRNA-Loaded Biomimetic Nanovehicles, a Focus on Their Potentials Preventing Type-2 Diabetes Linked to Metabolic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2711. [PMID: 30519245 PMCID: PMC6258775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of 30–150 nm, members of the extracellular vesicle family and secreted by various cell types. Different studies describe specific microRNA (miRNA) with altered expression in serum and/or plasma of patients suffering from diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Diabetic cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes loaded with miRNAs like miR-320-3p (or 320a) have been shown regulating angiogenesis on endothelial cell cultures. Insufficient myocardial angiogenesis is the major manifestation of diabetes-caused ischemic cardiovascular disease. Studies on transfer of functional microRNAs between mouse dendritic cells via exosomes have shown that some miRNAs (miR-320-3p, 29b-3p, 7a-5p) are distributed in immature and mature exosomes. Among these miRNAs, miR-320-3p is better known in epigenetics for silencing polr3d gene by binding to its promoter in Human Embryonic Kidney-293 cells. Moreover, quantitative and stoichiometric analysis of the microRNA content of exosomes highlights the lack of reliable natural source of such particles loaded with miRNA opening the need for tailoring exosomes or nanoparticles delivering efficiently miRNA intimately linked to immunity, metabolism and epigenetics in target cells. However, loading of extracellular mature miRNA into recipient cells comes with a cost by at least impeding dynamic localization of miRNAs in nucleoli or inefficient miRNA delivery due to rapid recycling by exonucleases. All these works are calling for the design of new biomimetic vehicles and in vivo assessment of miRNA functionality when delivered by natural or biomimetic nanoparticles in order to control metabolic diseases from infancy to adulthood.
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9
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Perugini V, Best M, Kumar S, Guildford AL, Bone AJ, Macfarlane WM, Santin M, Phillips GJ. Carboxybetaine-modified succinylated chitosan-based beads encourage pancreatic β-cells (Min-6) to form islet-like spheroids under in vitro conditions. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 29:15. [PMID: 29290028 PMCID: PMC5748029 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-6018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, pancreatic β-cells tend to reduce their ability to aggregate into islets and lose insulin-producing ability, likely due to insufficient cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that are essential for β-cell retention, viability and functionality. In response to these needs, surfaces of succinylated chitosan-based beads (NSC) were modified with zwitterionic carboxy-betaine (CB) moieties, a compatible osmolyte known to regulate cellular hydration state, and used to promote the formation of β-cell spheroids using a conventional 2D cell culture technique. The NSC were synthesised by ionic gelation and surface-functionalised with CB using carbodiimide chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic laser scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed as characterisation tools to confirm the successful modification of the succinylated chitosan material into spherical beads with rough surfaces and a diameter of 0.4 µm. NSC with and without CB were re-suspended at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/mL in saline medium and tested in vitro with MIN6 murine pancreatic β-cell line. Results showed that a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL, NSC-CB encouraged pancreatic MIN6 cells to proliferate and form spheroids via E-cadherin and Pdx-1 activation within 48 h in culture. These spheroids, with a size of approximately 80 µm, exhibited high cell viability and enhanced insulin protein expression and secretion when compared to cells organised by the non-modified beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Perugini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Mark Best
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Cellon S.A., ZAE Robert Steichen, 16 rue Hèierchen, L-4940, Bascharage, Luxembourg
| | - Anna L Guildford
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Adrian J Bone
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Wendy M Macfarlane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Matteo Santin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Gary J Phillips
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
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10
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Paul PK, Treetong A, Suedee R. Biomimetic insulin-imprinted polymer nanoparticles as a potential oral drug delivery system. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2017; 67:149-168. [PMID: 28590908 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which form a three-dimensional image of the region at and around the active binding sites of pharmaceutically active insulin or are analogous to b cells bound to insulin. This approach was employed to create a welldefined structure within the nanospace cavities that make up functional monomers by cross-linking. The obtained MIPs exhibited a high adsorption capacity for the target insulin, which showed a significantly higher release of insulin in solution at pH 7.4 than at pH 1.2. In vivo studies on diabetic Wistar rats showed that the fast onset within 2 h is similar to subcutaneous injection with a maximum at 4 h, giving an engaged function responsible for the duration of glucose reduction for up to 24 h. These MIPs, prepared as nanosized material, may open a new horizon for oral insulin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Kumar Paul
- Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery System Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Songkhla , 90112, Thailand
| | - Alongkot Treetong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road Pathum Thani 12120, Pathum Thani , Thailand
| | - Roongnapa Suedee
- Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery System Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Songkhla , 90112, Thailand
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11
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Chang HY, Chen SL, Shen MR, Kung ML, Chuang LM, Chen YW. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, impairs E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and alters calcium homeostasis in pancreatic beta cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3515. [PMID: 28615694 PMCID: PMC5471211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for mood disorders. Long term use of SSRIs is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and elevated [Ca2+]i are important for insulin release and pancreatic β cell functions. This study aims to investigate whether a SSRI, fluoxetine (Prozac), induces pancreatic β cell dysfunction through affecting E-cadherin and/or [Ca2+]i. Here we show that fluoxetine significantly reduces glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). MIN6 cells, an established murine immortalized β cell line, form smaller colonies of loosely packed cells with reduced cell-cell contact after fluoxetine treatment. Immunofluorescence staining reveals that fluoxetine increases cytoplasmic accumulation of E-cadherin and reduces the membrane-localized E-cadherin probably due to increase of its endocytosis. Fluoxetine inhibits spreading of β cells on E-cad/Fc coated slides and also disrupts E-cadherin-mediated actin filaments. Additionally, fluoxetine significantly suppresses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium release and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) activation, probably through reduction of ER calcium storage and inhibition of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) trafficking. These data suggest that exposure to fluoxetine results in impaired β cell functions, occurring in concert with reduction of E-cadherin-dependent cell adhesion and alterations of calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Yu Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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12
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Liu CW, Atkinson MA, Zhang Q. Type 1 diabetes cadaveric human pancreata exhibit a unique exocrine tissue proteomic profile. Proteomics 2016; 16:1432-46. [PMID: 26935967 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder resulting from a self-destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells. The complete proteome of the human pancreas, where both the dysfunctional beta cells and their proximal environment co-exist, remains unknown. Here, we used TMT10-based isobaric labeling and multidimensional LC-MS/MS to quantitatively profile the differences between pancreatic head region tissues from T1D (N = 5) and healthy subjects (N = 5). Among the 5357 (1% false discovery rate) confidently identified proteins, 145 showed statistically significant dysregulation between T1D and healthy subjects. The differentially expressed pancreatic proteome supports the growing notion of a potential role for exocrine pancreas involvement in T1D. This study also demonstrates the utility for this approach to analyze dysregulated proteins as a means to investigate islet biology, pancreatic pathology and T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Liu
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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13
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Ducret A, Kux van Geijtenbeek S, Röder D, Simon S, Chin D, Berrera M, Gruenbaum L, Ji C, Cutler P. Identification of six cell surface proteins for specific liver targeting. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 9:651-61. [PMID: 26097162 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell surface proteins are the primary means for a cell to sense and interact with its environment and their dysregulation has been linked to numerous diseases. In particular, the identification of proteins specific to a single tissue type or to a given disease phenotype may enable the characterization of novel therapeutic targets. We tested here the feasibility of a cell surface proteomics approach to identify pertinent markers directly in a clinically relevant tissue. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the cell surface proteome of freshly isolated primary heptatocytes using a glycocapture-specific approach combined with a robust bioinformatics filtering. RESULTS Using primary lung epithelial cell cultures as negative controls, we identified 32 hepatocyte-specific cell surface proteins candidates. We used mRNA expression to select six markers that may provide adequate specificity for targeting therapeutics to the liver. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We demonstrate the feasibility and the importance of conducting such studies directly in a clinically relevant tissue. In particular, the cell surface proteome of freshly isolated hepatocytes differed substantially from cultured cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Ducret
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Kux van Geijtenbeek
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Röder
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Simon
- Drug Disposition and Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Chin
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Berrera
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lore Gruenbaum
- Translational Medicine - Infectious Diseases, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhua Ji
- External Alliances and Portfolio Management, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Pudong, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Paul Cutler
- Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Yesildag B, Bock T, Herrmanns K, Wollscheid B, Stoffel M. Kin of IRRE-like Protein 2 Is a Phosphorylated Glycoprotein That Regulates Basal Insulin Secretion. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25891-906. [PMID: 26324709 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.684704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct interactions among pancreatic β-cells via cell surface proteins inhibit basal and enhance stimulated insulin secretion. Here, we functionally and biochemically characterized Kirrel2, an immunoglobulin superfamily protein with β-cell-specific expression in the pancreas. Our results show that Kirrel2 is a phosphorylated glycoprotein that co-localizes and interacts with the adherens junction proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin in MIN6 cells. We further demonstrate that the phosphosites Tyr(595-596) are functionally relevant for the regulation of Kirrel2 stability and localization. Analysis of the extracellular and intracellular domains of Kirrel2 revealed that it is cleaved and shed from MIN6 cells and that the remaining membrane spanning cytoplasmic domain is processed by γ-secretase complex. Kirrel2 knockdown with RNA interference in MIN6 cells and ablation of Kirrel2 from mice with genetic deletion resulted in increased basal insulin secretion from β-cells, with no immediate influence on stimulated insulin secretion, total insulin content, or whole body glucose metabolism. Our results show that in pancreatic β-cells Kirrel2 localizes to adherens junctions, is regulated by multiple post-translational events, including glycosylation, extracellular cleavage, and phosphorylation, and engages in the regulation of basal insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcak Yesildag
- From the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich
| | - Thomas Bock
- the Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, and
| | - Karolin Herrmanns
- From the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- the Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, and
| | - Markus Stoffel
- From the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, the Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Alcarraz‐Vizán G, Casini P, Cadavez L, Visa M, Montane J, Servitja J, Novials A. Inhibition of BACE2 counteracts hIAPP‐induced insulin secretory defects in pancreatic β‐cells. FASEB J 2014; 29:95-104. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-255489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gema Alcarraz‐Vizán
- Diabetes and Obesity Research LaboratoryInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Paola Casini
- Diabetes and Obesity Research LaboratoryInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Lisa Cadavez
- Diabetes and Obesity Research LaboratoryInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Montse Visa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research LaboratoryInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Joel Montane
- Diabetes and Obesity Research LaboratoryInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Joan‐Marc Servitja
- Diabetes and Obesity Research LaboratoryInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Novials
- Diabetes and Obesity Research LaboratoryInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)BarcelonaSpain
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16
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Kelly AC, Steyn LV, Kitzmann JP, Anderson MJ, Mueller KR, Hart NJ, Lynch RM, Papas KK, Limesand SW. Function and expression of sulfonylurea, adrenergic, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors in isolated porcine islets. Xenotransplantation 2014; 21:385-91. [PMID: 24801676 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of human cadaveric pancreata limits large-scale application of islet transplantation for patients with diabetes. Islets isolated from pathogen-free pigs provide an economical and abundant alternative source assuming immunologic barriers are appropriate. Membrane receptors involved in insulin secretion that also have potential as imaging targets were investigated in isolated porcine islets. Quantitative (q)PCR revealed that porcine islets express mRNA transcripts for sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1), inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir6.2, associated with Sur1), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), and adrenergic receptor alpha 2A (ADRα2A). Receptor function was assessed in static incubations with stimulatory glucose concentrations, and in the presence of receptor agonists. Glibenclamide, an anti-diabetic sulfonylurea, and exendin-4, a GLP-1 mimetic, potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion >2-fold. Conversely, epinephrine maximally reduced insulin secretion 72 ± 9% (P < 0.05) and had a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 60 nm in porcine islets (95% confidence interval of 45-830 nm). The epinephrine action was inhibited by the ADRα2A antagonist yohimbine. Our findings demonstrate that porcine islets express and are responsive to both stimulatory and inhibitory membrane localized receptors, which can be used as imaging targets after transplantation or to modify insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Kelly
- School of Comparative Animal and Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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17
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Zarrouki B, Benterki I, Fontés G, Peyot ML, Seda O, Prentki M, Poitout V. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation in response to nutrient excess in rats through mTOR and FOXM1. Diabetes 2014; 63:982-93. [PMID: 24194502 PMCID: PMC3931394 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the compensatory increase in β-cell mass in response to insulin resistance are essentially unknown. We previously reported that a 72-h coinfusion of glucose and Intralipid (GLU+IL) induces insulin resistance and a marked increase in β-cell proliferation in 6-month-old, but not in 2-month-old, Wistar rats. The aim of the current study was to identify the mechanisms underlying nutrient-induced β-cell proliferation in this model. A transcriptomic analysis identified a central role for the forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 and its targets, and for heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a ligand of the EGF receptor (EGFR), in nutrient-induced β-cell proliferation. Phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) target, was increased in islets from GLU+IL-infused 6-month-old rats. HB-EGF induced proliferation of insulin-secreting MIN6 cells and isolated rat islets, and this effect was blocked in MIN6 cells by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Coinfusion of either AG1478 or rapamycin blocked the increase in FOXM1 signaling, β-cell proliferation, and β-cell mass and size in response to GLU+IL infusion in 6-month-old rats. We conclude that chronic nutrient excess promotes β-cell mass expansion via a pathway that involves EGFR signaling, mTOR activation, and FOXM1-mediated cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Zarrouki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isma Benterki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ghislaine Fontés
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ondrej Seda
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Prentki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Corresponding author: Vincent Poitout,
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluates recent progress in several approaches aimed at developing human surrogate β cells, and identifies gaps that need to be filled for bringing them closer to clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS Cells expanded in vitro from human cadaver donor β cells under conditions causing dedifferentiation have been shown to undergo redifferentiation following inhibition of the Notch pathway. Efforts for differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human pluripotent stem cells have focused on isolation and expansion of intermediate-stage cells. The role of mesenchyme in expansion of pancreas progenitors has been emphasized by mouse cell ablation, and co-culture of human embryonic stem cell-derived definitive endoderm with mesenchyme. Incomplete removal of Polycomb-mediated repression of endocrine genes in embryonic stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells generated in vitro has been suggested to be responsible for their immature phenotype. Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from β cells have been shown to exhibit an enhanced differentiation capacity toward insulin-producing cells, compared with other pluripotent stem cells. A new approach for reprogramming non-β into β-like cells involving transcription factor gene ablation has been demonstrated in mouse enteroendocrine cells in vivo. SUMMARY New insights into the stumbling blocks in expansion of human donor islet cells, differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, and reprogramming of non-β cell types are shaping improved strategies, which are likely to bring us closer to the goal of generating abundant human surrogate β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Efrat
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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19
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Stützer I, Selevsek N, Esterházy D, Schmidt A, Aebersold R, Stoffel M. Systematic proteomic analysis identifies β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 2 and 1 (BACE2 and BACE1) substrates in pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10536-47. [PMID: 23430253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.444703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of functional islet β-cell mass is a physiological process to compensate for increased insulin demand. Deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of the plasma membrane protease BACE2 enhances pancreatic β-cell function and proliferation, and therefore BACE2 is a putative target for the therapeutic intervention under conditions of β-cell loss and dysfunction. To gain a molecular understanding of BACE2 function, we performed a systematic and quantitative proteomic analysis to map the natural substrate repertoire of BACE2 and its homologue BACE1 in β-cells. Loss- and gain-of-function studies of in vitro and in vivo models identified specific and functionally heterogeneous targets. Our analysis revealed non-redundant roles of BACE1/2 in ectodomain shedding with BACE1 regulating a broader and BACE2 a more distinct set of β-cell-enriched substrates including two proteins of the seizure 6 protein family (SEZ6L and SEZ6L2). Lastly, our study provides insights into the global β-cell sheddome and secretome, an important prerequisite to uncover novel mechanisms contributing to β-cell homeostasis and a resource for therapeutic target and biomarker discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Stützer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Wang Q, Liang X, Wang S. Intra-islet glucagon secretion and action in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Front Physiol 2013; 3:485. [PMID: 23316165 PMCID: PMC3539678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon, a key hormone in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, acts as a counter-regulatory hormone to insulin by promoting hepatic glucose output. Under normal conditions, insulin and glucagon operate in concert to maintain the glucose level within a narrow physiological range. In diabetes, however, while insulin secretion or action is insufficient, the production and secretion of glucagon are excessive, contributing to the development of diabetic hyperglycemia. Within an islet, intra-islet insulin, in cooperation with intra-islet GABA, suppresses glucagon secretion via direct modulation of α-cell intracellular signaling pathways involving Akt activation, GABA receptor phosphorylation and the receptor plasma membrane translocation, while intra-islet glucagon plays an important role in modulating β-cell function and insulin secretion. Defects in the insulin-glucagon fine-tuning machinery may result in β-cell glucose incompetence, leading to unsuppressed glucagon secretion and subsequent hyperglycemia, which often occur under extreme conditions of glucose influx or efflux. Therefore, deciphering the precise molecular mechanisms underlying glucagon secretion and action will facilitate our understanding of glucagon physiology, in particular, its role in regulating islet β-cell function, and hence the mechanisms behind glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Neutzsky-Wulff AV, Andreassen KV, Hjuler ST, Feigh M, Bay-Jensen AC, Zheng Q, Henriksen K, Karsdal MA. Future detection and monitoring of diabetes may entail analysis of both β-cell function and volume: how markers of β-cell loss may assist. J Transl Med 2012; 10:214. [PMID: 23110768 PMCID: PMC3499140 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease heterogeneity is as major issue in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and this patient inter-variability might not be sufficiently reflected by measurements of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).Β-cell dysfunction and β-cell death are initiating factors in development of T2DM. In fact, β-cells are known vanish prior to the development of T2DM, and autopsy of overt T2DM patients have shown a 60% reduction in β-cell mass.As the decline in β-cell function and mass have been proven to be pathological traits in T2DM, methods for evaluating β-cell loss is becoming of more interest. However, evaluation of β-cell death or loss is currently invasive and unattainable for the vast majority of diabetes patients. Serological markers, reflecting β-cell loss would be advantageous to detect and monitor progression of T2DM. Biomarkers with such capacities could be neo-epitopes of proteins with high β-cell specificity containing post translational modifications. Such tools may segregate T2DM patients into more appropriate treatment groups, based on their β-cell status, which is currently not possible. Presently individuals presenting with adequately elevated levels of both insulin and glucose are classified as T2DM patients, while an important subdivision of those is pending, namely those patients with sufficient β-cell capacity and those without. This may warrant two very different treatment options and patient care paths.Serological biomarkers reflecting β-cell health status may also assist development of new drugs for T2DM and aid physicians in better characterization of individual patients and tailor individual treatments and patient care protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim V Andreassen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sara T Hjuler
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael Feigh
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
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