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Faraji A, Dehghani M, Khatibi A. Familial aspects of fear of cancer recurrence: current insights and knowledge gaps. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1279098. [PMID: 38034286 PMCID: PMC10684928 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1279098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear of cancer recurrence is fear or worry about cancer recurrence or progress. Fear of recurrence can impact patients' quality of life and wellbeing. Cancer survivors' families support them practically and emotionally, making them a vital supplement for official healthcare. Given the well-established important role of the family in dealing with cancer, we compiled the studies that examined the relationship between family-related factors and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) among cancer survivors (CSs). One of the foremost studies in this field is the FCR model presented by Mellon and colleagues, which included concurrent family stressors and family-caregiver FCR as factors linked to survivor FCR. Our goal was to prepare the ground for a family-based model of FCR that is more comprehensive than the one proposed by Mellon et al. sixteen years ago. The studies included those with samples of adult cancer survivors from different regions of the world. Most of the studies we reviewed are cross-sectional studies. We categorized family-related factors associated with survivor FCR into partner-related factors, including subgroups of disclosure to partner, cognitions of partner, and partner's sources of support; parenthood-related factors, including having children and parenting stress; family-related factors, including living situation, family history of cancer, family's perception of the illness, and family characteristics; and social interactions including social support, disclosure, social constraints, and attitudes of others. This review sheds light on how significant others of cancer survivors can affect and be affected by cancer-related concerns of survivors and emphasizes the necessity of further investigation of family-related factors associated with FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Faraji
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Dehghani
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khatibi
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute for Mental Health (IMH), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Yik M, Chen CZ. Unraveling Chinese talk about emotion. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1157863. [PMID: 37655199 PMCID: PMC10467276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in cross-cultural psychiatry has asserted that Chinese people have a higher tendency to report somatic symptoms of their psychological distress than people with a European ethnic background. However, recent studies have reached inconsistent conclusions and most have confounded language use with culture in their study designs. Focusing on the varying degrees of orientation to Chinese culture, the present study examined the words freely listed by two Chinese groups of university students (mainland Chinese and Hong Kong Chinese) when describing their illness experience. Words were categorized into somatic, emotion, and somatic-emotion clusters. Overall, the Chinese participants were more willing to talk about their emotions than their somatic symptoms in an anonymous survey. The enculturated mainland Chinese participants-who reported greater Chinese cultural identity-used significantly more emotion words but fewer somatic-emotion words than the Hong Kong Chinese participants. No group differences were found in somatic words. In contrast to previous findings, the current study failed to find support for the relationship between orientation to Chinese culture and somatic symptom reporting when controlling for language use.
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Wazir MNK, Kakakhel S, Gul AN, Awan Q, Khattak AF, Yousaf N, Wahid F. Psychiatric Illnesses, Somatic Complaints, and Treatments in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43151. [PMID: 37692647 PMCID: PMC10484353 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders differ in frequency and symptoms based on the cultural and ethnic background of patients. This can make diagnosing and treating patients challenging globally. In Pakistan, most psychiatric patients report multiple somatic complaints. Our goal was to investigate the causes of these complaints, identify common psychiatric conditions, and analyze their various manifestations in clinical practice. We also aimed to identify ways to improve the quality of care provided to our patients. METHODOLOGY We collected and organized data by utilizing predetermined tables from a sample of 231 patients who visited the outpatient clinics. Inpatients were not included in this study because of the absence of a psychiatric unit at our facility. Patients' past medical and psychiatric records were thoroughly examined, and pertinent information was extracted. The most common psychiatric disorders within the studied population were diagnosed based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic criteria. RESULTS In this study, a sample size of 231 was examined to determine the most common diseases (ICD-10) in males and females. In males, the most prevalent diseases were mixed anxiety and depression (MAD), depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Females, on the other hand, presented more with depression, GAD, mixed anxiety and depression, conversion or dissociative disorder, OCD, and panic attacks. Headaches were the most frequently reported symptom, experienced by 61.9% the of participants, followed by lethargy, extremity pains, palpitations, loss of appetite, heartburn or acidity, heaviness on the head, shoulder pains, bloating, dizziness, chest pains, hot flashes or shivering, and constipation. Meanwhile, a quarter of the males did not complain of any somatic symptoms, compared to 10% of the females. Additionally, 7.3% of females reported more than six somatic symptoms, compared to 5.7% of males. When it came to treatment preferences, 73.6% of the participants preferred medication over psychotherapy and over a combination of both. The Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Statistics version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to conduct a chi-square test of independence to analyze the obtained data. For post hoc analysis of quantitative data (i.e., the number of somatic symptoms reported by participants), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied, followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive study of its kind for this population and region. It emphasizes that clinicians should be aware of the variety of somatic symptoms and psychiatric presentations among this population. Such awareness can improve clinical practices and reduce the burden on health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aqsa N Gul
- Psychology, Islamia College, Peshawar, PAK
| | | | - Almas F Khattak
- Community Medicine and Research, Northwest School of Medicine, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Nowsher Yousaf
- Occupational Health Safety and Environment (OHS&E), Northwest General Hospital and Research Center, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Fakhria Wahid
- Occupational Health Safety and Environment (OHS&E), Northwest General Hospital and Research Center, Peshawar, PAK
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Cénat JM, Kouamou LN, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Darius WP, Dalexis RD, Charles M, Kogan CS. Perceived racial discrimination, psychosomatic symptoms, and resilience among Black individuals in Canada: A moderated mediation model. J Psychosom Res 2022; 163:111053. [PMID: 36244137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although no study has explored psychosomatic symptoms in Black communities in Canada, several studies in the United States showed that psychological distress is often express as physical pain among African Americans. Using a cross-sectional design, the present study documents the frequency of psychosomatic symptoms and its association to racial discrimination, and resilience among Black individuals aged 15 to 40 in Canada. METHOD A total of 860 participants (Mage = 25.0 years, SD = 6.3), predominantly born in Canada (79.1%) and women (75.6%), completed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (somatization subscale), the Everyday Discrimination Scale, and the Resilience Scale-14. RESULTS Findings revealed that 81.7% of participants experienced psychosomatic symptoms, with higher prevalence among women (84.2%) compared to men (70.7%;), ꭓ2 = 21.5, p < .001; participants aged 25 to 40 years old (93.7%) compared to those aged 15-24 years old (75.2%) (ꭓ2 = 45.0, p < .001). Participants reporting greater racial discrimination had more psychosomatic symptoms (89.4%) compared to others (72.9%), ꭓ2 = 39.2, p < .001). A moderated mediation model showed that everyday racial discrimination was positively associated with psychosomatic symptoms (B = 0.1, SE = 0.01, p < .001). The model showed that the association between racial discrimination and psychosomatic symptoms was partially mediated by resilience (B = -0.01, SE = 0.0, p < .01), and negatively moderated by gender (B = -0.04, SE = 0.01, p < .01). In other words, being a woman is associated with higher levels of psychosomatic symptoms among those who have experienced racial discrimination. CONCLUSION By highlighting the association between racial discrimination and psychosomatic symptoms and the role of resilience and gender in this relation, this article reveals important factors to integrate to improve healthcare services, prevention, and interventions among Black individuals with psychosomatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michée Charles
- Department of Sociology, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Cary S Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Barbati A, Geraci A, Niro F, Pezzi L, Sarchiapone M. Do Migration and Acculturation Impact Somatization? A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16011. [PMID: 36498084 PMCID: PMC9737361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Somatization is a phenomenon in which the individual experiences physical symptoms attributable to mental projections. It is a widely used term in common parlance to figuratively describe a stressful situation. Syndromes directly related to the mind have been described; pathologies are influenced by somatization. However, the extent of somatization is also related to social and cultural factors. In fact, each culture expresses varying levels of somatization characteristic of the country of origin. A disease can even manifest with different symptoms in different ethnic groups. The migration process arises from the need for change on the part of those who undertake it and culminates in the integration of the person in the host country. This process induces changes in the person of a psychological nature, which also affects somatization. In fact, the most integrated subjects show levels of somatization comparable to those of the host country. These considerations support the thesis that psychological changes are an integral part of health and can affect the development of organic and somatized pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Barbati
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Niro
- Department of Pathology, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Pezzi
- Rehabilitation Unit, ASST Cremona-Ospedale di Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Marco Sarchiapone
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Kim HJ, Han DH, Choi KT, Hwang HC, Min KJ, Kim SM. Efficacy of aripiprazole as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder with somatic symptoms: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with clinical and electroencephalography evidence. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:289-302. [PMID: 36239033 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221127294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic symptoms, which are common in major depressive disorder (MDD), are associated with a worse prognosis and increased health costs. AIMS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of aripiprazole augmentation in MDD patients with somatic symptoms. METHODS In all, 41 MDD patients with somatic symptoms completed the study. Participants who had been on a stable dose of antidepressants for at least 1 month were randomly assigned to receive an 8-week adjunctive treatment with either aripiprazole or placebo. The initiation dose of aripiprazole was 2 mg/day, which was later adjusted to 1-10 mg/day. The primary endpoint was the change in the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised-Somatization (SCL-90-R-SOM) score. We collected quantitative electroencephalogram data and performed spectral analyses to obtain the absolute power of frequency bands. RESULTS/OUTCOMES The aripiprazole group (n = 20; 2.98 ± 1.75 mg/day) showed a significant improvement in SCL-90-R-SOM scores compared to the placebo group (n = 21; F = 8.56, p = 0.006), without significant differences in changes in depression and anxiety symptoms. Compared to the control, the aripiprazole group showed a greater decrease in total alpha power (F = 7.03, p = 0.01). Changes in frontal alpha power were positively correlated with changes in SCL-90-R-SOM scores in the aripiprazole group (r = 0.53, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Aripiprazole adjunctive to antidepressants in patients with MDD and somatic symptoms improved somatic symptom severity without significant safety concerns, and this improvement correlated with a decrease in total and frontal alpha power.Trial Registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr; identifier: KCT0004607.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ta Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chan Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Joon Min
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Feussner O, Rehnisch C, Rabkow N, Watzke S. Somatization symptoms-prevalence and risk, stress and resilience factors among medical and dental students at a mid-sized German university. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13803. [PMID: 36003309 PMCID: PMC9394510 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have shown that an increased prevalence of mental illness can be found among medical and dental students. Among these, somatization symptoms are severely understudied. The present study examined the prevalence of somatization symptoms in a subpopulation of medical and dental students and aimed at finding associated risk and resilience factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-reporting questionnaire, including the SOMS-2, the Becks-Depression-Inventory-II (BDI-II), the NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory, and a questionnaire on socio-demographics for possible risk and resilience factors. A total of 271 medical and dental students of a mid-sized German university completed the questionnaire. Results The Somatization index yielded a mean of 9.12 symptoms for the total sample, which is 1.2 SD higher than the reported norm. A total of 50.7% of the medical students and 63.6% of the dental students transcend a critical somatization score. Significant positive associations for eight general risk factors, four university related stress factors, and a significant negative association for seven resilience factors were found. Conclusion Medical and even more dental students at the studied university showed a high burden of somatoform complaints. Also, factors were found that could be of etiological relevance and others that could be used to enhance resilience. Both could present an opportunity for the prevention of somatization disorders but prospective and multicenter studies with an aged-matched comparison group are needed to obtain a more accurate overview.
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Yoon H, Kim S, Naseh M, Huang YC, Jang Y. Chronic Conditions and Psychological Distress in Older Asian Americans: The Mediating Role of Subjective Health Perception. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2022; 65:604-617. [PMID: 34851797 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.2005213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of understanding the connection between physical and mental health in old age, the study examined the mediating role of subjective health perception in the relationship between chronic conditions and psychological distress among older Asian Americans. Using data from 533 Asian Americans aged 60 and over in the 2016 Asian American Quality of Life Study, the direct and indirect effect models were tested with multivariate linear regressions and the PROCESS macro. Results show that chronic conditions pose significant risks to psychological distress and that subjective health perception mediates their association. The observed role of subjective health perception as an intervening step between physical and mental health offers implications for gerontological social work research and practice by highlighting the importance of positive self-appraisals for the health and well-being in later years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Yoon
- Department of Social Welfare, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Seoyoun Kim
- Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Mitra Naseh
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ya-Ching Huang
- School of Nursing, Texas State University, Round Rock, Texas, USA
| | - Yuri Jang
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Kim SM, Min KJ, Han DH. Effects of Methylphenidate on Somatic Symptoms and Brain Functional Connectivity in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 20:259-270. [PMID: 35466097 PMCID: PMC9048013 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.2.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether somatic symptoms in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with a dissociative pattern of functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN) and whether methylphenidate administration can improve clinical and somatic symptoms. We also evaluated whether the improvement of somatic symptoms is associated with increased FC within the DMN in response to methylphenidate treatment. Methods Fifteen male adolescents with somatic symptoms of ADHD and 15 male adolescents with ADHD without somatic symptoms were included. At baseline and after 6 months of methylphenidate treatment, all adolescents were asked to complete questionnaires for the Korean version of the Dupaul’s ADHD rating scale, the symptom checklist-90- revised-somatization subscales, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Additionally, a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was conducted. Results Methylphenidate treatment improved clinical and somatic symptoms in adolescents with ADHD. In addition, it increased brain FC within the DMN from the posterior cingulate cortex (posterior DMN) to the middle prefrontal cortex (anterior DMN). The improvement of somatic symptoms was associated with FC within the DMN from the posterior cingulate cortex to the middle prefrontal cortex in ADHD adolescents with somatic symptoms. Conclusion Methylphenidate increased brain FC between the anterior and posterior DMN. The improvement of somatic symptoms in adolescents with ADHD was associated with FC within the DMN. The DMN in adolescents with ADHD seems to be associated with the severity of the clinical and somatic symptoms of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Joon Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lin C, Glynn NW, Gmelin T, Wei YC, Chen YL, Huang CM, Shyu YC, Chen CK. Validation of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale for Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:606-618. [PMID: 33934690 PMCID: PMC10155380 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1914258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) is a self-administered 10-item tool to measure physical and mental fatigability in older adults. The aim of the current study was to validate the psychometric properties of the traditional Chinese version of PFS (TC-PFS). METHODS We recruited 114 community-dwellingolder adults, where 35 were diagnosed with late-life depression (LLD), 26 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 53 were cognitively normal (CN) from a larger community study of older adults. Statistical analyses were done separately for TC-PFS Physical and Mental subscales. Factor analysis was used for reliability, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, Pearson's correlation for construct validity, and group comparison for discriminative validity. RESULTS Factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure for both the TC-PFS Physical and Mental subscales with high reliability (α = 0.89 and 0.89, respectively). Patients with LLD had the highest PFS scores, with 80.0% and 82.9% classified as having greater physical and mental fatigability. For concurrent validity, we found moderate associations with the vitality and physical functioning subscales of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. For convergent validity, TC-PFS showed moderate association with emotional-related psychometrics, particularly for the Physical subscale in those with LLD. In contrast, TC-PFS Mental subscale showed correlations with cognitive function, particularly in the MCI group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the TC-PFS is a valid instrument to measure perceived physical and mental fatigability in older Taiwanese adults.Clinical implications: Perceived fatigability reflects the underlying physical, mental or cognitive function in older adults with or without depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chemin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theresa Gmelin
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi-Chia Wei
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ken Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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Chang SJ, Kim HJ, Juon HS, Park H, Choi SW, Lee KE, Ryu H. A comparison of the influencing factors of chronic pain and quality of life between older Koreans and Korean-Americans with chronic pain: a correlational study. Qual Life Res 2021; 31:1179-1189. [PMID: 34462905 PMCID: PMC8960560 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is one of the most common health problems for older adults worldwide and is likely to result in lower quality of life. Living in a different culture may also influence chronic pain and quality of life in older adults. The purpose of this study was to explore how multifaceted elements affect chronic pain and quality of life in older Koreans living in Korea and in older Korean-Americans (KAs) living in the USA. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of data from 270 adults aged 65 years or over (138 Koreans and 132 KAs). We compared the effects of multifaceted elements on pain and quality of life by testing structural equation models (SEMs) for each group, using a maximum likelihood estimation and bootstrapping. RESULTS SEMs for both Korean and KAs showed that age and depressive symptoms directly affected quality of life. The number of comorbidities and depressive symptoms had mediating effects on quality of life through chronic pain in both groups. In older Koreans only, perceived financial status directly affected quality of life. In older KAs only, sleep quality indirectly affected quality of life through chronic pain. CONCLUSION The data showed that multimorbidity and depressive symptoms play critical roles for explaining chronic pain in older Koreans and KAs and ultimately negatively influence quality of life. Future intervention program to improve quality of life in older adults with chronic pain should consider the different cultural aspects affecting quality of life for Koreans and KAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Chang
- College of Nursing and The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 103, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Kim
- College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Benjamin Franklin House, 834 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hyunjeong Park
- Department of Nursing, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Seung Woo Choi
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro Bldg 5S-322, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 103, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ryu
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 103, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 406-799, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yeung NCY, Lu Q. Social constraints and fear of recurrence among Chinese American breast cancer survivors: An exploration of psychosocial mediators. Psychooncology 2021; 31:98-106. [PMID: 34374165 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is commonly experienced among Caucasian and Chinese American breast cancer survivors (BCS). Emerging studies have suggested that Caucasian BCS' communication with family members contributes to their FCR. However, whether such findings apply to Chinese American BCS has yet to be explored. This study examined the association between social constraints (i.e., perceived barriers from significant others inhibiting cancer-related disclosure) and FCR among 136 Chinese American BCS, plus proposed that self-stigma (i.e., internalized feelings of shame about having cancer), bodily pain, and ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE; conflict between the desire to express emotions and the fear of its consequences) would mediate the association. METHODS Participants recruited through cancer associations in the USA were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey measuring their socio-demographic/cancer-related variables and the above-mentioned psychological variables. RESULTS Higher levels of social constraints, AEE, self-stigma, and bodily pain were associated with higher FCR (rs ranged from 0.27 to 0.40, ps < 0.01). After controlling for covariates, path analysis results supported the proposed mediation model with satisfactory fit indices (χ2 (7) = 2.08, Comparative Fit index = 1.00, Tucker Lewis Index = 1.08, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.00). Specifically, social constraints were associated with higher FCR through increased self-stigma (β = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.17), AEE (β = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.27), and bodily pain (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.17), indicating significant mediation effects. After considering the mediators, the direct effect from social constraints to FCR was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS The association between social constraints and higher FCR could be mediated by increased self-stigma, AEE, and bodily pain among Chinese American BCS. Interventions targeting to address those variables may reduce FCR among those BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Y Yeung
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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The "Let's Talk!" Conference: A Culture-Specific Community Intervention for Asian and Asian American Student Mental Health. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:1001-1009. [PMID: 33006701 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Asian and Asian American students face culture-specific mental health risk factors, and the current study aims to examine whether a culture-specific community intervention in the form of a conference is an effective modality for psychoeducation in the Asian American community. Participants were assessed for reported changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior intentions related to mental health after attending the conference. A total of 118 conference participants filled out the survey. Participants reported changes in knowledge regarding mental health issues, generational differences, and the effects of culture. Participants also reported having a more open attitude towards mental health, having greater acceptance of mental health issues in themselves and others, and realizing that mental health issues are a community issue. Lastly, participants reported changes in behavior intentions such as communicating more with friends and family, engaging in perspective-taking, participating in advocacy and activism on mental health issues, and taking care of themselves and others.
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14
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García-Sierra R, Fernández-Cano MI, Manresa-Domínguez JM, Feijoo-Cid M, Moreno Gabriel E, Arreciado Marañón A, Ramos-Roure F, Segura-Bernal J, Torán-Monserrat P. Psychological Distress and Somatization in Immigrants in Primary Health Care Practices. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040557. [PMID: 33322209 PMCID: PMC7763568 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of international migration causes a situation of vulnerability in people’s health and greater difficulty in coping with disease. Furthermore, the adversities suffered during migration can trigger reactive signs of stress and cause anxious, depressive, confusional and somatic symptoms. This article studies the relationships between psychosocial risk, psychological distress and somatization in immigrants from four communities: Maghrebis, Sub-Saharans, South Americans and South Asian. A cross-sectional study was carried out with questionnaires on 602 immigrants who were surveyed in the primary care centers of an urban area of Catalonia. The instruments used were the Demographic Psychosocial Inventory (DPSI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI). The average psychosocial risk obtained was 0.35, with the highest values in the Sub-Saharan community. Psychological distress showed a mean value of 0.66, with the Sub-Saharan community scoring the lowest in all dimensions except depression. The average somatization values were 1.65, with the Sub-Saharan community scoring the least. The female gender is a risk factor for somatization and psychological distress. Perceived psychosocial risk is a predictor of psychological distress, but not somatization, suggesting that the use of more adaptive coping strategies could minimize the effect of the migration process on somatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa García-Sierra
- Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, Primary Care Research Institut Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (E.M.G.); (F.R.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.A.M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society GREMSAS (2017 SGR 917), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Fernández-Cano
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.A.M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society GREMSAS (2017 SGR 917), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Josep María Manresa-Domínguez
- Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, Primary Care Research Institut Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (E.M.G.); (F.R.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.A.M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society GREMSAS (2017 SGR 917), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Feijoo-Cid
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.A.M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society GREMSAS (2017 SGR 917), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Moreno Gabriel
- Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, Primary Care Research Institut Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (E.M.G.); (F.R.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society GREMSAS (2017 SGR 917), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Arreciado Marañón
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Francesc Ramos-Roure
- Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, Primary Care Research Institut Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (E.M.G.); (F.R.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society GREMSAS (2017 SGR 917), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Segura-Bernal
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, Primary Care Research Institut Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Barcelona, Spain; (R.G.-S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (E.M.G.); (F.R.-R.); (P.T.-M.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Group in Health and Society GREMSAS (2017 SGR 917), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
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Huang YC, Zuñiga J, Hua Y, García A. Emotional Distress and Self-Rated Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:487-493. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Chan CHY, Lau BHP, Chan THY, Leung HT, So GYK, Chan CLW. Examining the Moderating Role of Patient Enablement on the Relationship Between Health Anxiety and Psychosomatic Distress: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Traditional Chinese Medicine Outpatient Clinic in Hong Kong. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1081. [PMID: 32655430 PMCID: PMC7325961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little research effort has been devoted to examining the role of patient enablement in alleviating health anxiety in primary care. In this study, we examined the role of patient enablement as a moderator in the relationship between health anxiety, psychological distress, and treatment seeking in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods The participants were 634 patients of a government-subsidized Chinese medicine outpatient clinic in Hong Kong. They were asked to complete a series of questionnaires on patient enablement, health anxiety, anxiety, depression, physical distress, annual clinic visits, and service satisfaction and provided various demographic details. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and general linear models were used to analyze the data. Results We found that patient enablement correlated positively with service satisfaction. Patient enablement also interacted significantly with health anxiety in affecting indices of psychological distress (depression, anxiety) and treatment seeking (annual visits). Among highly enabled patients, the positive association between health anxiety and indices of psychological distress was weakened, and they also showed more health anxiety-driven treatment seeking as measured by annual clinic visits. Conclusion These findings suggest a moderating mechanism by which patient enablement weakens the relationship between health anxiety on psychological well-being and increases treatment-seeking behavior in TCM. Practitioners are encouraged to provide sufficient information to patients to foster self-care and disease self-management using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia H Y Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bobo H P Lau
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy H Y Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H T Leung
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Georgina Y K So
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cecilia L W Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Shon EJ. Measurement equivalence of the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale for Chinese and Korean immigrants: Comparison between younger and older adults. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2020; 29:e1823. [PMID: 32172536 PMCID: PMC7301282 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Kessler 6 (K6) Psychological Distress Scale is a well-known instrument to screen for psychological distress of general populations. It is critical to perform the equivalence test of the K6 for Asian immigrant subgroups. METHODS The 2012 California Health Interview Survey data were used (N = 1,210; Chinese = 640, Koreans = 570). Among 1,210, 734 were younger (18-64 years) and 476 were older (65+) adults. It was examined whether parameters in the measurement model is equivalent across the two groups, using multiple-group analysis. The equivalence tests for Chinese and Koreans were separately performed based on different age groups (younger [18-64] vs. older [65+]). RESULTS The younger group had good model fit (X2 = 41.27 [df = 16, p = .001], X2 /df = 2.58, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.99, Goodness of Fit Index [GFI] = 0.98, root mean square error or approximation [RMSEA] = 0.05, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] = 0.03), and the older group also showed good model fit (X2 = 41.70 [df = 16, p < .001], X2 /df = 2.61, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.04). The model for older group indicated measurement noninvariance between Chinese and Korean immigrants (ΔX2 = 17.86, Δdf = 5, p = .003, CFI = 0.972, ΔCFI = 0.009). The items "hopeless," "restless," and "depress," were significantly nonequivalent between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians/researchers should be aware of the potential risk for misclassification when they screen psychological distress of Chinese or Korean older immigrants. Professionals should pay attention to cross-cultural comparability when interpreting results from the K6.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Jung Shon
- Department of Family Science and Social Work, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University in Ohio, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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18
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Chan CY, Lee AM, Koh YW, Lam SK, Lee CP, Leung KY, Tang CSK. Associations of body dissatisfaction with anxiety and depression in the pregnancy and postpartum periods: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:582-592. [PMID: 31744745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a time of increasing vulnerability to the development of body dissatisfaction, anxiety, and depression. The present study aims to examine associations of body dissatisfaction with anxiety and depression at the following points: 6 months before pregnancy (retrospective report); in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy; and up to 6 weeks postpartum. METHODS A prospective longitudinal design with a quantitative approach was adopted. A consecutive sample of 1,371 Chinese pregnant women in Hong Kong was assessed using standardized instruments at four time points. RESULTS A mixed-effects model with repeated measures revealed that body dissatisfaction and depression symptoms changed across different stages of pregnancy. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that, after adjusting for the identified risk factors, body dissatisfaction before and during pregnancy were positively associated with antenatal anxiety and depression symptoms. Concurrent body dissatisfaction was positively associated with postpartum depression symptoms. LIMITATIONS There was a high attrition rate in the follow-up assessments. Antenatal anxiety symptoms were assessed using the scale for general anxiety, which may not adequately capture the experience of anxiety among pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Primary healthcare practitioners should be made aware of body dissatisfaction among pregnant women in order to facilitate early intervention for anxiety and depression, because untreated psychological disturbance during pregnancy may persist into the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Yi Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Felizberta Lo Padilla Tong School of Social Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - Antoinette Marie Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yee Woen Koh
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre of Family and Population Research, The National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Siu Keung Lam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chin Peng Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Yin Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Catherine So Kum Tang
- Department of Psychology, The National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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Jiang L, Sun F, Zhang W, Wu B, Dong X. Health Service Use Among Chinese American Older Adults: Is There a Somatization Effect? J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:S584-S589. [PMID: 31403189 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Somatization of depressive symptoms among Chinese American older adults remains understudied. This study aimed to identify whether the relationship between depressive symptoms and use of health services (ie, doctor visits, hospital, and emergency department) could be due to pain and whether acculturation played a role in the relations among depressive symptoms, pain, and health service use. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Secondary data came from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago that surveyed 3159 Chinese community-dwelling older adults in the greater Chicago area. The average age was 76.3 years (standard deviation = 8.4); 57.95% were female). Negative binominal models were used to identify the effects of depression and pain on each type of health service use, controlling for sociodemographics and health-related factors (eg, chronic illness). MEASUREMENTS Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; pain was assessed by self-reported pain severity. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high acculturation groups based on acculturation scores. RESULTS Depressive symptoms and pain were positively related to health service use on the bivariate level. For groups with both low and high acculturation levels, depression and pain each independently predicted more health service use, whereas for the group with a moderate acculturation level, the effect of somatization was substantialized. CONCLUSION Depression largely influenced health service use independently and partially through pain for older Chinese Americans. The somatization tended to be only salient for the moderate acculturation group, calling for more research attention to the complicated effect of acculturation. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S584-S589, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Kim SM, Hong JS, Min KJ, Han DH. Brain Functional Connectivity in Patients With Somatic Symptom Disorder. Psychosom Med 2019; 81:313-318. [PMID: 30932990 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate whether individuals with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) display increased resting-state functional connectivity (FC) within and between the sensorimotor network (SMN), default mode network (DMN), salience network, and dorsal attention network (DAN). METHODS Eighteen patients with SSD and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used a seed-based correlation approach for the four brain networks. RESULTS Patients with SSD had higher scores on the Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale (z = 5.22, p < .001) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised-Somatization (z = 4.94, p < .001) and greater FC within the SMN, DMN, and salience network than healthy control participants. Patients with SSD also had increased FC between the SMN and DMN, SMN and salience network, SMN and DAN, and salience network and DAN (t = 5.10-7.47, all false discovery rate q < .05). The Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale scores correlated with FC between the SMN and salience network and between the SMN and DAN (r = .61-.82, all p < .003). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the FC analysis between the SMN and salience network, we suggest that SSD may be associated with alterations of sensory-discriminative processing of pain and other somatic symptoms, which is influenced by affective processing. Based on the results of the FC analysis of the SMN and DAN, we suggest that patients with SSD have a deficit in attention, leading to misperception of external stimuli and failure to regulate bodily functions aimed at interactions with external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lin X, Liu J, Zeng X, Zhang S, Pan Y, Wu J. Effects of the neuropeptide S receptor gene on the mediating effect of somatization on the association between life-event scores and psychological distress. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:738-744. [PMID: 30616163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the relationship between life events and psychological distress are unclear. However, evidence of genetic involvement, including the neuropeptide S receptor gene (NPSR1), exists. METHODS A total of 600 Chinese adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study using random cluster sampling. Demographic information, measures of life events and psychiatric symptoms, and fasting blood samples were collected. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed among life-event scores, somatization, and psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms). Regression revealed life-event scores and somatization predicted anxiety, depressive symptoms, and psychological distress, while controlling for sex, age, income, education, and marital status. Structural equation modeling indicated that somatization mediated the association between life-event scores and psychological distress. Moreover, the mediating effect was influenced by the NPSR1 gene, suggesting that the NPSR1 polymorphisms rs324981, rs6947841, and rs6972158 influenced the association between life-event scores and somatization (ps < 0.05). The NPSR1 polymorphisms rs12673132 significantly affected the relationship of somatization with psychological distress (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, somatization mediated the association between life-event scores and psychological distress. The current study is the first to demonstrate this relationship with a Chinese sample, whereby the NPSR1 gene affects the mediating effect of somatization on the association between life-event scores and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujin Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen University, Mental Health School, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuli Pan
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junduan Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China.
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Lanzara R, Scipioni M, Conti C. A Clinical-Psychological Perspective on Somatization Among Immigrants: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2792. [PMID: 30705662 PMCID: PMC6344401 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Somatic and psychopathological conditions (e.g., anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatization) are frequent among immigrants belonging to various ethnic groups. Worldwide findings on the epidemiology regarding specific mental conditions still vary with respect to different migration samples and migration contexts. This inconsistency also holds true in the incidence of somatization among migrants. We carried out a systematic review analyzing the relationship between migration and somatization by providing a qualitative data synthesis of original research articles on the topic. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the literature on PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The articles were selected using multiple combinations of relevant search terms (e.g., defined somatization and related disorders, and migration status). Each database was searched systematically from January 2000 to December 2017. Results: The initial search identified 338 records, of which 42 research reports met the predefined inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Most studies (n = 38; 90%) were cross-sectional. The main findings of this study are that migrants with somatization exhibited more psychological distress, had an increased perceived need for healthcare service utilization, and reported more post-migration living difficulties and/or post-traumatic stress disorder than those without somatization. It was also found that specific individual features mediate the association between somatization and migration. The prevalence and correlates of somatization were found to vary across the immigrant groups, depending on cultural variation in reasons for migration, stress exposure, explanatory models of illness, coping, and other individual variables. Conclusion: Somatization is a challenge for health professionals due to its vague nature. In this regard, clinical management of immigrant patients should include further efforts to address emotional distress, with special attention to social, cultural, and linguistic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lanzara
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mattia Scipioni
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara Conti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Kalibatseva Z, Leong FTL. Cultural Factors, Depressive and Somatic Symptoms Among Chinese American and European American College Students. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022118803181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study seeks to fill a gap in the existing empirical literature about the relationship between somatic and depressive symptoms and their associations with cultural factors among Chinese American and European American college students. In particular, the study examined how three culturally relevant psychological constructs, self-construal, loss of face, and emotion regulation, associate with depressive and somatic symptoms among Chinese American and European American college students and if they can explain possible group differences in depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 204 Chinese American and 315 European American college students who completed an online survey. Based on multiple regression analyses, European American students reported higher levels of somatic symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire–15 (PHQ-15) than Chinese Americans. There was no initial group difference in depressive symptoms based on Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D) scores. Correlations between depressive and somatic symptoms, independent and interdependent self-construal, and cognitive reappraisal and independent self-construal were stronger for European Americans than Chinese Americans. Somatic symptoms, loss of face, and expressive suppression were positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas independent self-construal and cognitive reappraisal were negatively associated with depressive symptoms for both groups. When controlling for gender and somatic symptoms, being Chinese American and male was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms measured with the CES-D. These ethnic and gender differences in depressive symptoms were explained by independent self-construal, loss of face, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression. Clinical implications include the incorporation of specific culturally relevant constructs and avoidance of race-, ethnicity-, and gender-based stereotypes to reduce health disparities in depression treatment.
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Kwan Z, Bong YB, Tan LL, Lim SX, Yong ASW, Ch'ng CC, Tan MP, Ismail R. Determinants of quality of life and psychological status in adults with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:443-451. [PMID: 29687328 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether disease severity and clinical manifestations were associated with depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life in adults with psoriasis. Participants were recruited from a dermatology outpatient clinic at a teaching hospital. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, disease severity, presence of arthropathy and head involvement was specifically recorded. Disease severity was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Quality of life and psychological symptoms were measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), respectively. One hundred individuals were recruited. Unadjusted analysis revealed that head involvement was associated with depression [odds ratio (OR) 8.509; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.077-67.231] and anxiety (OR 6.46; 95% CI 1.401-29.858). Severe disease was associated with a poorer quality of life compared to mild disease (OR 3.750; 95% CI 1.330-10.577). Younger age was associated with an increased risk of depression [mean difference (MD) - 8.640; 95% CI - 16.390 to - 0.890], anxiety (MD - 11.553; 95% CI - 18.478 to- 4.628), stress (MD - 11.440; 95% CI - 19.252 to - 3.628) and severely impaired quality of life (MD - 12.338; 95% CI - 19.548 to - 5.127). Following adjustments for age and disease severity, anxiety, stress and depression remained associated with severely impaired quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Kwan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yii Bonn Bong
- Institute of Research Management and Services, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Leng Leng Tan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu Xian Lim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Sze Wai Yong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Chwen Ch'ng
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rokiah Ismail
- School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fox M, Thayer Z, Wadhwa PD. Acculturation and health: the moderating role of socio-cultural context. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2017; 119:405-421. [PMID: 28966344 PMCID: PMC5617140 DOI: 10.1111/aman.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation represents an important construct for elucidating the determinants and consequences of health disparities in minority populations. However, the processes and mechanisms underlying acculturation's effects on health are largely undetermined and warrant further study. We integrate concepts from anthropology and statistics to describe the role of sociocultural context as a putative modifier of the relationship between acculturation and health. Sociocultural context may influence the extent to which exposure to host culture leads to internalization of host cultural orientation, and may influence the extent to which acculturation leads to stress and adoption of unhealthy behaviors. We focus on specific aspects of sociocultural context: (1) neighborhood ethno-cultural composition; (2) discrimination; (3) discrepancy between origin and host environments; (4) discrepancy between heritage and host cultures; (5) origin group, host group, and individual attitudes towards assimilation; (6) variation in targets of assimilation within host community; (7) public policy and resources; (8) migration selection bias. We review and synthesize evidence for these moderation effects among first- and later-generation immigrants, refugees, and indigenous populations. Furthermore, we propose best-practices data-collection and statistical-analysis methods for this purpose, in order to improve our understanding of the complex, multilevel aspects of the relationship between acculturation and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Fox
- Department of Anthropology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zaneta Thayer
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Pathik D. Wadhwa
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Health and Disease Research Program, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Health and Disease Research Program, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Health and Disease Research Program, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Development, Health and Disease Research Program, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Dehoust MC, Schulz H, Härter M, Volkert J, Sehner S, Drabik A, Wegscheider K, Canuto A, Weber K, Crawford M, Quirk A, Grassi L, DaRonch C, Munoz M, Ausin B, Santos‐Olmo A, Shalev A, Rotenstein O, Hershkowitz Y, Strehle J, Wittchen H, Andreas S. Prevalence and correlates of somatoform disorders in the elderly: Results of a European study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2017; 26:e1550. [PMID: 28150357 PMCID: PMC6877225 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatoform disorders have rarely been addressed in epidemiological and health care services studies of the elderly. The few existing studies vary considerably in their methodologies limiting comparability of findings. Data come from the MentDis_ICF65+ study, in which a total of 3142 community-dwelling respondents aged 65-84 years from six different countries were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview adapted to the needs of the elderly (CIDI65+). The 12-month prevalence rate for any somatoform disorders was found to be 3.8, whereby the prevalence for somatization disorder according to DSM-IV was 0%, the prevalence for abridged somatization was 1.7% and the rate for 12-months somatoform pain disorder was 2.6%. We found a significant variation by study centre (p < 0.005). There was a significant gender difference for pain disorder, but not for abridged somatization. Significant age-related effects revealed for both disorder groups. Somatoform disorders were found to be associated with other mental disorders [odds ratio (OR) anxiety =4.8, OR affective disorders 3.6], as well as with several impairments and disabilities. Somatoform disorders are prevalent, highly impairing conditions in older adults, which are often associated with other mental disorders and should receive more research and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Schulz
- Department of Medical PsychologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Martin Härter
- Department of Medical PsychologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jana Volkert
- Department of Medical PsychologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Susanne Sehner
- Department of Medical Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Anna Drabik
- Department of Medical Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Alessandra Canuto
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis InterventionUniversity Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Kerstin Weber
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis InterventionUniversity Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Mike Crawford
- Royal College of PsychiatristsCollege Centre for Quality ImprovementLondonUK
| | - Alan Quirk
- Royal College of PsychiatristsCollege Centre for Quality ImprovementLondonUK
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Chiara DaRonch
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Manuel Munoz
- School of PsychologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Berta Ausin
- School of PsychologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | | | - Arieh Shalev
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah University Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ora Rotenstein
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah University Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yael Hershkowitz
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah University Medical CentreJerusalemIsrael
| | - Jens Strehle
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyTechnical University of DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyTechnical University of DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Sylke Andreas
- Department of Medical PsychologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Institute for PsychologyAlpen‐Adria Universität KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am WörtherseeAustria
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Kim G, DeCoster J, Bryant AN, Ford KL. Measurement Equivalence of the K6 Scale: The Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Language. Assessment 2016; 23:758-768. [PMID: 26282779 PMCID: PMC5468522 DOI: 10.1177/1073191115599639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the measurement equivalence of the K6 across diverse racial/ethnic and linguistic groups in the U.S. differential item functioning analyses using item response theory were conducted among 44,846 U.S. adults drawn from the California Health Interview Survey. Results show that four items ("nervous," "restless," "depressed," and "everything an effort") varied significantly across races/ethnicities and four items ("nervous," "hopeless," "restless," and "depressed") varied significantly across languages. In additional effect size analyses designed to separate effects of race/ethnicity from language, the structure of the White English group was substantially different from both the Hispanic/Latino English group and Hispanic/Latino Spanish group, whereas the Hispanic/Latino Spanish group was not different from the Hispanic/Latino English group. The findings suggest that there was evident measurement nonequivalence in the K6 among racially/ethnically and linguistically diverse adults and that the observed nonequivalence in the K6 appears to be driven by language rather than race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyeon Kim
- The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Katy L Ford
- The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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28
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Chang MXL, Jetten J, Cruwys T, Haslam C. Cultural Identity and the Expression of Depression: A Social Identity Perspective. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanda Jetten
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Lee S, Leung CM, Kwok KP, Lam Ng K. A community-based study of the relationship between somatic and psychological distress in Hong Kong. Transcult Psychiatry 2015; 52:594-615. [PMID: 25665587 DOI: 10.1177/1363461515569756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the predominantly somatic presentation of distress has been used to explain low rates of emotional illnesses and health service use in Chinese communities, this concept of somatization has not been examined by concurrently studying the profile of somatically and psychologically distressed Chinese individuals. A random population-based sample of 3014 adults underwent a structured telephone interview that examined their sociodemographic characteristics, somatic distress (Patient Health Questionnaire-15, PHQ-15), non-specific psychological distress (Kessler Scale-6, K6), health service use, and functional impairment. Four groups of individuals identified by PHQ-15 and K6 cut-off scores were compared. Results showed that PHQ-15 and K6 scores were positively correlated. The large majority of respondents (85.9%) reported both somatic and psychological distress. The proportions of Low Distress Group, Somatically Distressed Group, Psychologically Distressed Group, and Mixed Distress Group were 69.2%, 5.0%, 15.8%, and 10.0%, respectively. Specific age range, male gender, greater family income, higher education level, and retirement were associated with decreased odds of somatic and/or psychological distress. Although psychological distress best predicted impairment, somatic distress best predicted health service use. Mixed distress predicted most impairment and health service use. Thus, psychological distress and somatic distress commonly coexist across Chinese sociodemographic groups. This speaks against the conventional notion of somatization and is consistent with recent findings of a higher prevalence of emotional illnesses in Chinese people. That psychologically distressed individuals are more impaired but less inclined to seek help than somatically distressed individuals may partly explain low levels of help-seeking for mental disorders found in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Lee
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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30
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Tak LM, Kingma EM, van Ockenburg SL, Ormel J, Rosmalen JGM. Age- and sex-specific associations between adverse life events and functional bodily symptoms in the general population. J Psychosom Res 2015; 79:112-6. [PMID: 26052060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test age- and sex-specific associations between adverse life events and functional bodily symptoms (FBS) in the general population. METHODS In a population-based cohort, 964 participants (mean age 55 years SD 11, 48% male) completed two measurements waves of the present study. Lifetime exposure to 12 adverse life events was assessed through a modified version of the List of Threatening Experiences. Stress-sensitive personality was assessed with the 12-item neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Socio-economic status was retrieved from questionnaires. Participants completed the somatization section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to survey the presence of 42 FBS in the previous year. RESULTS Regression analyses, adjusted for age, revealed that lifetime scores of adverse life events were significantly associated with FBS in the previous year, an association that was nearly identical for females (beta=0.18, t=4.07, p<0.01) and males (beta=0.19, t=4.24, p<0.01). This association remained statistically significant when stress-sensitive personality and socio-economic status were added to the model. Associations between adverse life events during childhood and FBS were statistically significant in females (beta=0.13, t=2.90, p=0.04) but not in males (beta=0.06, t=1.24, p=0.22), whereas there was a stronger association with adverse life events during adulthood in males (beta=0.20, t=4.37, p<0.01) compared to females (beta=0.15, t=3.38, p=0.01). Life events in the previous year were not associated with FBS in the previous year. CONCLUSION Adverse life events during lifetime were associated with FBS in the previous year. This association was dependent on age and sex but largely independent of having a stress-sensitive personality or low socio-economic status. Future studies could adopt a life course perspective to study the role of adverse life events in FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lineke M Tak
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands; Dimence, Institute for Mental Health Care, Deventer, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva M Kingma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja L van Ockenburg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan Ormel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith G M Rosmalen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Lee SH, Choi JA, Park JH. Helping Peers Seek Professional Treatment for Depression Among Young South Koreans: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2015.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hae Lee
- Department of Social Welfare; Chung-Ang University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jung Ah Choi
- Department of Social Welfare; Kyung-Il University; Gyeongsan-si South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Department of Social Welfare; Chung-Ang University; Seoul South Korea
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32
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Bragazzi NL, Puente GD, Natta WM. Somatic perception, cultural differences and immigration: results from administration of the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) to a sample of immigrants. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2014; 7:161-6. [PMID: 24966706 PMCID: PMC4062560 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s55393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of immigrants in Italy has doubled every 10 years from 1972 and Genoa hosts two large communities of immigrants from South America and Africa. We investigated differences in the somatic perception between immigrants and Italians and between South Americans and Africans living in the city of Genoa. During a 7 month period, an anonymous questionnaire asking for sociodemographic information and the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) were administered to all immigrants accessing an outpatient clinic or the general practitioners offices. MSPQ mean scores were significantly higher in immigrant patients than in Italian patients, after adjusting for sex and age differences. We found no differences between South Americans and Africans in MSPQ score. The tendency to express discomfort through physical symptoms appears to be related to being a foreigner who arrived in Italy through a migratory trip and also to being a person who comes from a cultural context that is very different from the one of developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Puente
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Werner Maria Natta
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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33
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Lee MC, Friedmann E, Kverno K, Newhouse R, Zhang D, Thomas S. Psychological distress among Chinese immigrants to the USA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2014.913643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Lee SY, Xue QL, Spira AP, Lee HB. Racial and ethnic differences in depressive subtypes and access to mental health care in the United States. J Affect Disord 2014; 155:130-7. [PMID: 24269002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. underutilize mental health service for mood disorders. This study sought to identify depressive subtypes associated with low use of mental health services across racial and ethnic groups based on a large, nationally representative sample of adults in the U.S. METHODS Based on latent class analysis, we identified the latent profile of depressive symptoms among those who endorsed lifetime depressed mood or anhedonia in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Condition (302 Asian Americans; 8602 Whites; 2266 Blacks; 2254 Hispanics). Proportions and types of lifetime mental health service use across depressive symptom subtypes were assessed and compared across the racial and ethnic categories. RESULTS A four class model of depressive subtypes was examined across race and ethnicity ("mild," "cognitive," "psychosomatic," and "severe"). Asian Americans, blacks, and Hispanics with "severe" subtype of depression had significantly lower odds of mental health service use compared to whites with "severe" subtype of depression. While Asian Americans did not have higher proportion of "psychosomatic" subtype than other race and ethnic groups, Asian Americans with "cognitive" subtype of depression significantly underused mental health services compared to Asian Americans with "psychosomatic" subtype of depression (Odds ratio:0.34, 95% Confidence interval:0.13,0.91). LIMITATION We were unable to account for heterogeneity of the subethnic group compositions based on country of origin and other socio-demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS A targeted outreach intervention to raise awareness among Asian Americans, blacks, and Hispanics with "severe" subtype and Asian Americans with "cognitive" subtype of depression may reduce disparity in mental health service utilization across racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Qian-li Xue
- Department of Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Hochang B Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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35
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Chen ACC, Szalacha LA, Menon U. Perceived discrimination and its associations with mental health and substance use among Asian American and Pacific Islander undergraduate and graduate students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2014; 62:390-398. [PMID: 24779453 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2014.917648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Racial discrimination experiences can negatively affect health. This study examined perceived discrimination and its relationship with mental health and substance use among Asian American and Pacific Islander (API) undergraduate and graduate students. PARTICIPANTS A total of 113 API students aged 18-35 completed the study during February-June, 2011. METHODS The authors conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous survey online. Dependent variables included mental health (depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms) and substance use (alcohol problems, use of tobacco, marijuana or hashish, and other illegal drugs). RESULTS Students' perceived discrimination were significantly, positively associated with depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms, but not with substance use. Ethnic identity moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and somatic symptoms, but not depressive or anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested the negative effect of racial discrimination on API students' mental health. The buffering effect of ethnic identity may increase resilience in these students when they face racial discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chia-Chen Chen
- a College of Nursing and Health Innovation , Arizona State University , Phoenix Arizona
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36
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An exploration of the psychologic impact of contact isolation on patients in Singapore. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41:e111-3. [PMID: 23663862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychologic impact of contact isolation on patients in Singapore who were infected or colonized with multidrug-resistant organisms. Twenty cases were compared with 20 controls for their anxiety and depressive symptoms. Cases reported significantly higher levels of depression (t = 3.731, P < .01) and anxiety (t = 4.841, P < .001) compared with the controls. Hospitals need to develop policies and interventions to address the psychologic impact of contact isolation.
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Gupta A, Leong F, Valentine JC, Canada DD. A meta-analytic study: the relationship between acculturation and depression among Asian Americans. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2013; 83:372-385. [PMID: 23889028 DOI: 10.1111/ajop.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acculturation is an important and popular cultural research variable among specific ethnic populations that is used to explain the process of assimilating into the host culture. Acculturation has often been used to account for psychosocial changes and health outcomes and has been used to explain health disparities among ethnic groups. Using Asian Americans as an illustrative ethnic group, the authors see that researchers have highlighted the influence of acculturation on health outcomes. Some researchers suggest that this relationship is positive, whereas others postulate that the opposite is true. Because of the highly complex and divergent findings in the literature, this meta-analysis addresses the question of how acculturation (as measured by acculturation scales) is related to depression (a specific mental health outcome) among the Asian American population living in North America. Analyses were based on 38 studies. The meta-analyses reveal that when acculturation is measured as assimilation to the American culture, there is a small but statistically significant negative relationship between acculturation and depression scores. When acculturation is measured as orientation to the Asian culture, the relationship between acculturation and depression scores is also negative, but not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Gupta
- Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Psychiatry and Bio-Behavioral Sciences, 760 Westwood Plaza, #28-261, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation disparities among Chinese Americans and how immigration-related factors affected the outcomes. We tried to explain the differences as a function of the Chinese culture. Data were derived from the National Latino and Asian American Study, the first national epidemiological survey of these populations in the United States. We used only the Chinese sample (N = 600) and focused on depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation. The United States-born Chinese and those Chinese who immigrated to the United States at 18 years or younger were at higher risk for lifetime depressive or anxiety disorders or suicidal ideation than were their China-born counterparts who arrived in the country at or after 18 years of age. For Chinese Americans, immigration-related factors were associated with depression and anxiety disorders and suicidal ideation. The higher prevalence of these disorders might be attributed to the psychological strains experienced by those who are at higher risk of cultural conflicts.
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39
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Lee BO. Ambivalence over emotional expression and symptom attribution are associated with self-reported somatic symptoms in Singaporean school adolescents. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Sheikh S, Furnham A. The relationship between somatic expression, psychological distress and GP consultation in two cultural groups. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2012.735860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Sheikh
- a Research Department of Clinical , Educational and Health Psychology, University College London , London , UK
| | - Adrian Furnham
- a Research Department of Clinical , Educational and Health Psychology, University College London , London , UK
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Siu YF, Chan S, Wong KM, Wong WS. The Comorbidity of Chronic Pain and Sleep Disturbances in a Community Adolescent Sample: Prevalence and Association with Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Factors. PAIN MEDICINE 2012; 13:1292-303. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wong WS, McCracken LM, Fielding R. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the 20-item Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (ChPASS-20). J Pain Symptom Manage 2012; 43:1131-40. [PMID: 22651953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) was designed to assess pain-related anxiety and fear. Although the scale is a reliable measure with good psychometric properties, its validity among ethnic Chinese has yet to be evaluated. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to translate the English-language version of the 20-item PASS into Chinese (ChPASS-20) and evaluate its factor structure, reliability, and validity. METHODS A total of 223 Chinese patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain attending orthopedic specialist clinics completed the ChPASS-20, the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire, the Chinese version of the 11-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and questions assessing sociodemographic and pain characteristics. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses showed that all the five-factor solutions tested met the minimum acceptable fit criterion. The four ChPASS-20 subscales and the entire scale demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's αs: 0.72-0.92). All ChPASS-20 scales showed significant positive correlations with depression, pain intensity, and disability. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the ChPASS-20 total score predicted concurrent depression [F(4,159)=11.97, P<0.001], pain intensity [F(4,161)=2.47, P<0.05], and pain disability [F(4,191)=5.47, P<0.001] scores, and the ChPASS-20 Avoidance subscale (standardized beta coefficient=0.21, P<0.05) emerged as a significant independent predictor of concurrent pain disability. CONCLUSION Our data support the factorial validity, reliability, and construct validity of the ChPASS-20 in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing S Wong
- Department of Psychological Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
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Leung P, Cheung M, Tsui V. Help-seeking behaviors among Chinese Americans with depressive symptoms. SOCIAL WORK 2012; 57:61-71. [PMID: 22768629 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swr009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An exploratory survey indicated that the depression prevalence among Chinese Americans is 17.4 percent. Of 516 respondents, 34.9 percent preferred seeking advice from friends or relatives, followed by 30.2 percent not showing any preference when facing a mental health problem. Logistic regression results pointed to three contributing factors: anxiety problems, acculturation concerns, and domestic violence. Learning from these factors, the authors conducted additional analyses to connect depressive symptoms with demographics to explain the underutilization of mental health services. Significant results showed that male Chinese Americans were more likely than female Chinese Americans to seek help from physicians but less likely to seek help from friends. Those who were not employed were more likely than those who were employed to think that a family problem would take care of itself or to seek help from herbalists, from physicians, or from friends. Implications for social work practice are discussed and address risk factors and multicultural considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Leung
- Office for International Social Work Education, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, USA.
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Chueh KH, Yen CF, Lu L, Yang MS. Association between psychosomatic symptoms and work stress among Taiwan police officers. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:144-9. [PMID: 21463837 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the association between the severity of psychosomatic symptoms and perceived work stress among male police officers in southern Taiwan. By stratified random sampling, a total of 698 male police officers were recruited into this study (the response rate was 73.4%; 512 of 698). A structured self-administered questionnaire on demographic and working characteristics, the severity of psychosomatic symptoms, perceived work stress, and social support was used to collect data anonymously. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that (1) the police officers who perceived high-work stress reported more severe psychosomatic symptoms than those who perceived low-work stress; and (2) perceived social support had a moderating effect on the association between severity of psychosomatic symptoms and perceived work stress. Perceived work stress is an indicator of psychosomatic symptoms in police officers. Strategies for reducing psychosomatic symptoms of police officers include police administrators taking into account the level of work stress as well as more attention being paid to the resources of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hsin Chueh
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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WONG WINGS, FIELDING RICHARD. Prevalence of insomnia among Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a population-based study. J Sleep Res 2011; 20:117-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Similarity in depressive symptom profile in a population-based study of migrants in the Netherlands. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010; 45:941-51. [PMID: 19763363 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-009-0135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is a clinical syndrome developed in Western Europe and North-America. The expression of symptoms and the impact of symptoms on functioning may therefore be expected to vary across cultures and languages. Our first aim was to study differences in depressive symptom profile between indigenous and non-Western immigrant populations in the Netherlands. We hypothesized that differences in expression of depressive symptoms would be more likely in the domains of mood and cognitions, and less likely in the domains of psychomotor and vegetative symptoms. Our second aim was to study ethnic differences in the association of depressive symptoms and general functioning. METHOD In a random community sample stratified for ethnicity in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, depressive symptoms were assessed by bilingual interviewers using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Impairments in functioning were measured by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II). Results were obtained from 812 subjects: N = 321 native Dutch, N = 213 Turkish-Dutch, N = 191 Moroccan-Dutch, N = 87 Surinamese-Dutch. Differences in depressive symptom expression were tested by differential item functioning. RESULTS The prevalence of DSM-IV depressive disorder and the overall level of depressive symptoms were higher in the Turkish and Moroccan immigrant groups compared to native Dutch subjects. Ethnic differences in item functioning of depressive symptoms were rare, and equally unlikely in all four symptom domains. Depression was equally associated with functional impairment across ethnic groups. CONCLUSION Although depressive symptoms were more common among migrants than in the indigenous population, both the depressive symptom profile and the associated functional impairments were comparable. These findings may help diminishing concerns about the validity of using existing diagnostic procedures among ethnic minority groups.
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Beirens K, Fontaine JRJ. Somatic and Emotional Well-Being Among Turkish Immigrants in Belgium: Acculturation or Culture? JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022110361773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present studies investigate differences in well-being between Turkish immigrants, Belgian majority members, and Turkish majority members. Furthermore, the relationships between two acculturation dimensions (adaptation and maintenance) and well-being is investigated within the immigrant group. In a first study, somatic well-being is studied in a sample of 519 Belgian majority members, 229 Turkish immigrants, and 232 Turkish majority members. Turkish immigrants reported the most somatic complaints, followed by Turkish majorities and Belgian majorities. No relationships with acculturation were found. In a second study, emotional well-being (sadness/anxiety, anger, and positive emotions) was investigated in 519 Belgians, 151 Turkish immigrants, and 200 Turkish majority members. No differences were found for sadness/anxiety. Turkish majority members report less anger than the other two groups. For positive emotions, Turkish majority members score the lowest, followed by the Turkish immigrant group and the Belgian majority members. In the immigrant group only adaptation was associated with more positive emotions. Both studies demonstrate that indices of well-being behave differently in cross-cultural comparative research.
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Fenta H, Hyman I, Rourke SB, Moon M, Noh S. Somatic symptoms in a community sample of Ethiopian immigrants in Toronto, Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/17542860903351530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wong WS, Chan STM, Fung VBK, Fielding R. The differential mediating effects of pain and depression on the physical and mental dimension of quality of life in Hong Kong Chinese adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2010; 8:1. [PMID: 20053296 PMCID: PMC2821366 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The impact of pain and depression on health-related quality of life (QoL) is widely investigated, yet the pain-depression interactions on QoL remain unclear. This study aims to examine the pain-depression-QoL mediation link. Methods Pain severity were assessed in a sample of Chinese professional teachers (n = 385). The subjects were also assessed on depressive symptoms and QoL. Regression models were fitted to evaluate the pain-depression-QoL relationships. Results About 44% of the sample had 3-5 painful areas in the past 3 months. Shoulder pain (60%) and headache (53%) were common painful areas. The results of regression analyses showed that pain mediated the effects of depression on the mental aspect of QoL (standardized β = -0.111; Sobel test: z = -3.124, p < 0.005) whereas depression mediated the effects of pain on the physical aspect of QoL (standardized β = -0.026; Sobel test: z = -4.045, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study offered tentative evidence that pain and depression impacted differently on the mental and physical aspect of QoL. As these findings were based on a Chinese teacher sample, future studies should employ more representative samples across cultures to verify the present data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing S Wong
- Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Sing CY, Wong WS. Prevalence of insomnia and its psychosocial correlates among college students in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2010; 59:174-82. [PMID: 21186447 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2010.497829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE this study examined the prevalence of insomnia and its psychosocial correlates among college students in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS a total of 529 Hong Kong college students participated in the study. METHODS participants completed a self-reported questionnaire that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Revised Life Orientation Test, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory, and questions about sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. A PSQI global score equal to or greater than 5 indicated insomnia. RESULTS results indicated that 68.6% of the participants were insomniacs. Adjusted regression analyses revealed that optimism, stress, and depression significantly predicted insomnia (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS these results suggest that insomnia is very common among Hong Kong college students and associated with other psychosocial factors. This study provides preliminary data on sleep quality and risk factors for insomnia, which may be used to guide sleep hygiene promotion and intervention among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Sing
- Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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