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Eskandari E, Jansari AS, Bagheri M. Validation of a Persian version of an English language ecologically-valid assessment of executive functions through childhood and adolescence. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2024; 34:742-760. [PMID: 37523445 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2023.2236351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are pivotal periods for cognitive development. Executive functions are crucial for efficient cognitive functioning, so accurate assessment is important. One ecologically-valid virtual reality test is the Jansari assessment of Executive Functions for Children (JEF-C©). In a cross-sectional study, we aimed at translating, adapting and validating JEF-C into Persian, and at investigating whether this Persian version (JEF-C (P)) can identify stages of development of executive functions in children aged from 8 to 16. Children and adolescents (N = 146) falling into three age groups participated: 8-10, 11-13 and 14-16 years old. They completed JEF-C (P) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). There were acceptable Cronbach's alpha coefficients for JEF-C(P) total score (α = .72) and all constructs, except action-based prospective memory, had a positive impact on total internal consistency. There was an effect of age group on overall JEF-C (P) performance and of age on four constructs. There was also a correlation between the number of categories on WCST and the prioritization construct of JEF-C (P). It seems that JEF-C (P) is an ecologically valid executive function assessment sensitive to age and could be useful for both researchers and clinicians working with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Eskandari
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashok S Jansari
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdi Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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2
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Tsai J. Use and Interest in Virtual Reality for Mental and Physical Health in a U.S. Population-Based Sample of Low-Income Veterans. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:282-286. [PMID: 38359391 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) represents a new way to deliver health interventions, but research is needed on experience and interest in using VR for health among important subgroups in the United States. This descriptive study examined these issues among low-income veterans in the United States. Data were analyzed from a nationally representative sample of 1,028 low-income veterans surveyed in late 2022-early 2023. The results showed that while only 10 percent of the sample had ever used a VR headset, 35 percent of veterans reported they would be "somewhat/very willing" to use VR for mental health or substance use problems. Veterans with higher levels of education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-1.47), lower mental health functioning (aOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98), and previous VR experience (aOR = 5.30, 95% CI = 2.96-9.48) were significantly more willing to use VR to treat their mental health or substance use problems. These findings suggest many veterans are willing to use VR to improve their mental health, and they could benefit from greater exposure and education about VR-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tsai
- National Center on Homelessness among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Casarez RL, Johnson CM, Soares JC, Meyer TD. Use of a virtual environment to promote self-management and lifestyle changes in persons with bipolar disorder. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 49:73-82. [PMID: 38734458 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Self-management and lifestyle interventions are a key factor in treatment outcomes for persons with bipolar disorder (BD). A virtual environment (VE), due to it's ability to provide flexibility of involvement in its platform, may be an alternative to face-to-face treatment to provide support for self-management. The purpose of this study is to explore how a VE, developed for chronic illness self-management, may be modified to promote self-management and lifestyle changes in those with BD. METHOD This study used a qualitative description design with focus groups. Data were collected via minimally structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. A total of seven focus groups were conducted, and the sample consisted of 30 adults with BD. Age range was 21-77 years with 21 females, seven males, and two non-binary individuals. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the findings: Self-management and lifestyle interventions with regards to (1) mental health; (2) holistic health; (3) role of peers; (4) involvement of the family; (5) technological aspects of the VE. CONCLUSIONS Focus group participants suggested that the VE may be an efficacious way to enhance self-management and promote lifestyle interventions in those with BD. Research is needed to adapt such platforms to the need of the patients and examine its' effect on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Casarez
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, Cizik School of Nursing, USA; Department of Graduate Studies, 6901 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Constance M Johnson
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, Cizik School of Nursing, USA; Department of Research, 6901 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jair C Soares
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Thomas D Meyer
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Jia YY, Song JP, Yang L. Can virtual reality have effects on cardiac rehabilitation? An overview of systematic reviews. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102231. [PMID: 38052348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aims to provide a review of the use of virtual reality in cardiac rehabilitation. BACKGROUND Can virtual reality technology improve outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease? The question is still open. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analyses. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the Embase, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biological Medicine Database. Databases were searched to July 2023. The inclusion criteria were as follows: the nature of the studies was set as a systematic review; the research participants were patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing cardiac rehabilitation; the research content was a comparison of virtual reality effects between other care approaches. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews was employed to evaluate the quality of included studies and judge the overall certainty of evidence by using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. When there were differences between the outcomes, we used the RevMan 5.3 to recalculate. RESULTS A total of 7 reviews were included in our synthesis, including 3 low-quality articles and 4 very low-quality articles. Virtual reality was effective in improving patients' depression symptoms, anxiety, stress, and improving athletic ability, but it remains unknown whether virtual reality is effective for other outcomes or not. CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality can effectively improve the mental health of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, its role in improving other health indicators such as adherence, satisfaction, and quality of life has not been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Jia
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Nursing Department, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Ping Song
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li Yang
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Sommer JL, Reynolds K, Hebbard P, Smith MSD, Mota N, Mutch WAC, Maples-Keller J, Roos L, El-Gabalawy R. Preoperative Virtual Reality to Expose Patients With Breast Cancer to the Operating Room Environment: Feasibility and Pilot Case Series Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e46367. [PMID: 38231570 PMCID: PMC10831694 DOI: 10.2196/46367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically elevated preoperative distress and anxiety are common among patients undergoing cancer surgery. Preoperative interventions have been developed to mitigate this distress and anxiety but are inconsistent in efficacy and feasibility for broad implementation. OBJECTIVE This preliminary pilot study aims to assess the feasibility and utility of a newly developed virtual reality (VR) intervention to expose patients awaiting breast cancer surgery to the operating room environment and a simulation of anesthetic induction. METHODS Patients undergoing breast cancer surgery (N=7) were assigned to the VR intervention or control (treatment as usual) group and completed self-report measures of distress and anxiety before surgery, on the day of surgery, and after surgery (5 and 30 d postoperatively). Those in the intervention group trialed the VR simulation 1 to 2 weeks preoperatively and provided qualitative and quantitative feedback. We assessed the feasibility of recruitment capability and study design and evaluated participants' impressions of the intervention using self-report rating scales and open-ended questions. We also descriptively examined distress and anxiety levels throughout the duration of the study. RESULTS Recruitment occurred between December 2021 and December 2022 and progressed slowly (rate: 1 participant/7 wk on average; some hesitancy because of stress and being overwhelmed). All participants who consented to participate completed the entire study. All participants were female and aged 56 (SD 10.56) years on average. In total, 57% (4/7) of the participants were assigned to the intervention group. On average, intervention participants spent 12 minutes engaged in the VR simulation. In general, the intervention was rated favorably (eg, clear information, enjoyable, and attractive presentation; mean% agreement 95.00-96.25, SD 4.79-10.00) and as helpful (mean% agreement 87.50, SD 25.00). Participants described the intervention as realistic (eg, "It was realistic to my past surgical experiences"), impacting their degree of preparedness and expectations for surgery (eg, "The sounds and sights and procedures give you a test run; they prepare you for the actual day"), and having a calming or relaxing effect (eg, "You feel more relaxed for the surgery"). CONCLUSIONS This preoperative VR intervention demonstrated preliminary feasibility among a sample of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Results and participant feedback will inform modifications to the VR intervention and the study design of a large-scale randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of this intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04544618; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04544618.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana L Sommer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kristin Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pamela Hebbard
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Natalie Mota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - W Alan C Mutch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jessica Maples-Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Leslie Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Renée El-Gabalawy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Andersen NJ, Schwartzman D, Martinez C, Cormier G, Drapeau M. Virtual reality interventions for the treatment of anxiety disorders: A scoping review. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101851. [PMID: 36947972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & Objectives: Virtual Reality (VR) refers to an artificial, immersive three-dimensional environment with interactive sensory stimuli. VR is typically incorporated into the psychotherapeutic process as a means of providing exposure therapy. The objectives of this scoping review were to synthesize the most up-to-date evidence on the outcomes, acceptability, and side effects of VR interventions for treating anxiety disorders in adults. METHODS This scoping review is grounded in the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). The databases searched were PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. RESULTS The search process identified 112 unique citations. 52 (46%) of the eligible articles examined participants with specific phobias, 25 (22%) with PTSD, 21 (19%) with social anxiety disorder, 12 (10%) with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and 3 (3%) with generalized anxiety disorder. VR interventions often led to statistically significant and meaningful reductions in symptoms for people with anxiety disorders. Additionally, they were acceptable to clients and associated with minimal side effects for all types of anxiety disorders, except for Combat-Related PTSD in Vietnam veterans. LIMITATIONS Limitations included the fact that the studies in this review were of varying quality, and that articles in languages other than English and French were excluded. CONCLUSION VR interventions appeared to be a viable alternative to conventional exposure therapy. Future research should include more male participants and have a stronger emphasis on acceptability and side effects. Increased traction for VR interventions for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Andersen
- Department of Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deborah Schwartzman
- Department of Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carolina Martinez
- Department of Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gina Cormier
- Department of Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Drapeau
- Department of Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Kim S, Jung T, Sohn DK, Chae Y, Kim YA, Kang SH, Park Y, Chang YJ. The Multidomain Metaverse Cancer Care Digital Platform: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Serious Games 2023; 11:e46242. [PMID: 38032697 PMCID: PMC10722376 DOI: 10.2196/46242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As cancer treatment methods have diversified and the importance of self-management, which lowers the dependence rate on direct hospital visits, has increased, effective cancer care education and management for health professionals and patients have become necessary. The metaverse is in the spotlight as a means of digital health that allows users to engage in cancer care education and management beyond physical constraints. However, it is difficult to find a multipurpose medical metaverse that can not only be used in the field but also complements current cancer care. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop an integrated metaverse cancer care platform, Dr. Meta, and examine its usability. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey between November and December 2021. A descriptive analysis was performed to examine users' experiences with Dr. Meta. In addition, a supplementary open-ended question was used to ask users for their suggestions and improvements regarding the platform. RESULTS Responses from 70 Korean participants (male: n=19, 27% and female: n=51, 73%) were analyzed. More than half (n=37, 54%) of the participants were satisfied with Dr. Meta; they responded that it was an interesting and immersive platform (n=50, 72%). Less than half perceived no discomfort when using Dr. Meta (n=34, 49%) and no difficulty in wearing and operating the device (n=30, 43%). Furthermore, more than half (n=50, 72%) of the participants reported that Dr. Meta would help provide non-face-to-face and noncontact services. More than half also wanted to continue using this platform in the future (n=41, 59%) and recommended it to others (n=42, 60%). CONCLUSIONS We developed a multidomain metaverse cancer care platform that can support both health professionals and patients in non-face-to-face cancer care. The platform was uniquely disseminated and implemented in multiple regional hospitals and showed the potential to perform successful cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghak Kim
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy Jung
- Faculty of Business and Law, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Chae
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ae Kim
- National Cancer Survivorship Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kang
- Planning Division, Korea Smart Healthcare Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Chang
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Wu YC, Fu H, Guo WY, Wang X. Digital intervention in improving the outcomes of mental health among LGBTQ+ youth: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1242928. [PMID: 37809309 PMCID: PMC10556462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1242928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
LGBTQ+ youth experience mental health disparities and higher rates of mental disorders due to barriers to accessing care, including insufficient services and the anticipated stigma of revealing their identities. This systematic review incorporated 15 empirical studies on digital interventions' impact on LGBTQ+ youth mental health, examining their potential to address these inequities. This study innovatively categorized existing digital interventions into four streams: Structured Formal (telehealth, online programs), Structured Informal (serious games), Unstructured Formal (mobile applications), and Unstructured Informal (social media). We found that S&F and U&F effectively reduced symptoms. U&F showed potential but required enhancement, while U&I fostered resilience but posed risks. Further integration of emerging technologies like virtual reality may strengthen these interventions. This review identifies the characteristics of effective digital health interventions and evaluates the overall potential of digital technologies in improving LGBTQ+ youth mental health, uniquely contributing insights on digital solutions advancing LGBTQ+ youth mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Liu
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Ying Cheng Wu
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hongpeng Fu
- School of Law, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wu Yuan Guo
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Anderson A, Stankovic A, Cowan D, Fellows A, Buckey J. Natural Scene Virtual Reality as a Behavioral Health Countermeasure in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments: Three Isolated, Confined, Extreme Analog Case Studies. HUMAN FACTORS 2023; 65:1266-1278. [PMID: 35604867 DOI: 10.1177/00187208221100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isolated, confined, extreme (ICE) environments are accompanied by a host of stress-inducing circumstances: operational pressure, interpersonal dynamics, limited communication with friends and family, and environmental hazards. We evaluated the effectiveness of attention-restoration-therapy-based immersive Virtual Reality (VR) in three ICE environments: the Canadian Forces Station-Alert (CFS Alert), the 12-month HI-SEAS IV expedition, and the 8-month HI-SEAS V expedition. METHODS Thirty-one individuals (29 male, 2 female) at CFS Alert, and 12 total crewmembers (7 male, 5 female, six crewmembers per sessions) at HI-SEAS participated. All participants viewed immersive VR scenes, but scene content varied by deployment. Data collection included pre- and post-intervention surveys and semi-structured post-mission interviews. Survey data were analyzed by scene content within each analog using nonparametric approaches. RESULTS Acceptability and desirability of the VR content varied significantly by ICE analog, as well as by participants within a given analog. The two initial exploratory protocols enabled a more directed study in HI-SEAS V to identify the importance of differences in scene content. DISCUSSION Use and perceived utility of the VR varied considerably across participants, indicating that psychological support needs to be individualized. Overall, natural scene VR was broadly considered restorative, but after long periods of isolation, dynamic and familiar scenes including those with people were also appealing. Immersive, nature-based VR was highly valued by some, but not all participants, suggesting that this intervention tool holds promise for use in ICE settings but needs to be tailored to the setting and individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Devin Cowan
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Jay Buckey
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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Ung TX, El-Den S, Moles RJ, O'Reilly CL. The Use of Mental Health Simulation in Pharmacy Practice and Education: A Systematic Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100058. [PMID: 37316135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore how mental health simulation has been used in the context of pharmacy practice and education, specifically what types of simulation techniques have been used, and which mental health-related content has been simulated. FINDINGS A literature search retrieved 449 reports, from which 26 articles pertaining to 23 studies were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were conducted in Australia. The most common type of simulation utilized was live simulated/standardized patient, followed by pre-recorded scenarios, role-play, and auditory simulation. While many study interventions included content relating to multiple mental illnesses and included activities other than simulation, the most simulated mental health content was enacting a person living with depression (with or without suicidal thoughts), mental health communication, followed by stress-induced insomnia, then hallucinations. Key outcomes from included studies were significantly improved student outcomes such as mental health knowledge, attitudes, social distance, and empathy scores, as well as highlighting the potential to further improve the mental healthcare skills of community pharmacists. SUMMARY This review demonstrates a varied use of techniques to simulate mental health in pharmacy practice and education. Future research is suggested to consider other simulation methods such as virtual reality and computer simulation, and to investigate how lesser-simulated mental health content such as psychosis could be incorporated. It is also recommended that future research provides greater detail on the development of the simulated content, such as involving people with lived experience of mental illness and mental health stakeholders in the development process to improve the authenticity of simulation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina X Ung
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sarira El-Den
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebekah J Moles
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire L O'Reilly
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Luck-Sikorski C, Hochrein R, Döllinger N, Wienrich C, Gemesi K, Holzmann S, Holzapfel C, Weinberger NA. Digital communication and virtual reality for extending the behavioural treatment of obesity - the patients' perspective: results of an online survey in Germany. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:100. [PMID: 37226164 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CBT has been found effective for the treatment of EDs and obesity. However not all patients achieve clinically significant weight loss and weight regain is common. In this context, technology-based interventions can be used to enhance traditional CBT but are not yet widespread. This survey therefore explores the status quo of pathways of communication between patients and therapists, the use of digital applications for therapy as well as attitudes towards VR from the perspective of patients with obesity in Germany. METHODS This cross-sectional online survey was conducted in October 2020. Participants were recruited digitally through social media, obesity associations and self-help groups. The standardized questionnaire included items concerning current treatment, paths of communication with their therapists, and attitudes toward VR. The descriptive analyses were performed with Stata. RESULTS The 152 participants were mostly female (90%), had a mean age of 46.5 years (SD = 9.2) and an average BMI of 43.0 kg/m² (SD = 8.4). Face-to-face communication with their therapist was considered of high importance in current treatment (M = 4.30; SD = 0.86) and messenger apps were the most frequently used digital application for communication. Participants were mostly neutral regarding the inclusion of VR methods in obesity treatment (M = 3.27; SD = 1.19). Only one participant had already used VR glasses as part of treatment. Participants considered VR suitable for exercises promoting body image change (M = 3.40; SD = 1.02). DISCUSSION Technological approaches in obesity therapy are not widespread. Face-to-face communication remains the most important setting for treatment. Participants had low familiarity with VR but a neutral to positive attitude toward the technology. Further studies are needed to provide a clearer picture of potential treatment barriers or educational needs and to facilitate the transfer of developed VR systems into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Luck-Sikorski
- Research Group "Chronic Diseases and Psychological Health" (COPE), SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, Neue Str. 28-30, 07548, Gera, Germany.
| | - Regine Hochrein
- Research Group "Chronic Diseases and Psychological Health" (COPE), SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, Neue Str. 28-30, 07548, Gera, Germany
| | - Nina Döllinger
- Human-Technology-Systems, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Wienrich
- Human-Technology-Systems, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gemesi
- School of Medicine, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Holzmann
- School of Medicine, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- School of Medicine, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natascha-Alexandra Weinberger
- Research Group "Chronic Diseases and Psychological Health" (COPE), SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, Neue Str. 28-30, 07548, Gera, Germany
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12
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Lohaus T, Rogalla S, Thoma P. Use of Technologies in the Therapy of Social Cognition Deficits in Neurological and Mental Diseases: A Systematic Review. Telemed J E Health 2023; 29:331-351. [PMID: 35532968 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This article systematically reviews the effects of technology-based (TB) treatments on impaired social cognition (SC) in neurological and mental disorders. Methods: Strictly adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was carried out in PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science (last search: April 22, 2021) to identify studies that, implementing a control group design, evaluated TB treatments targeting deficits in emotion recognition, Theory of Mind (ToM) and social behavior in adult patients with nondevelopmental and nonprogressive neurological or mental disorders. Risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro Scale, certainty assessment followed the GRADE approach. Results: Sixteen studies involving 857 patients, all focusing on psychotic disorders, were retrieved. The most pronounced effects were observed concerning emotion recognition with all studies revealing overall improvements. Regarding ToM and social behavior, results were mixed. However, the number of studies including outcome measures for these domains, is significantly lower compared to the domain of emotion recognition, limiting the validity of the results. Risk of bias and certainty assessment revealed further limitations of evidence. Conclusion: TB treatment achieves positive effects especially with regard to emotion recognition impairments, at least for patients with schizophrenia. Future research should expand the evaluation of TB training of other SC domains, ought to be carried out in more diverse patient populations, rely on different devices, and include follow-up measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lohaus
- Neuropsychological Therapy Centre (NTC), Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sally Rogalla
- Neuropsychological Therapy Centre (NTC), Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrizia Thoma
- Neuropsychological Therapy Centre (NTC), Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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13
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Baytar AD, Bollucuo Lu K. Effect of virtual reality on preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ELSEVIER) 2023; 73:159-164. [PMID: 34562488 PMCID: PMC10068547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a virtual reality video on preoperative anxiety, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. METHODS This was a prospective, observational cohort trial. Forty patients between the ages of 18...65 who were scheduled for elective septorhinoplasty, with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I...II were included in the study. Patients experienced a 15-minute virtual reality (VR) video via a phone using a VR device. A three-dimensional, 360.. video depicted the beauty of nature and was accompanied by meditation music. PATIENTS .. oxygen saturation values, heart rate, and blood pressure were monitored and recorded. Using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale, anxiety scores and hemodynamic parameters were compared before and after VR application. RESULTS Median anxiety scores decreased significantly from 40.5 to 34 (p.ß<.ß0.001). VR also had positive effects on hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS VR reduces preoperative anxiety and has positive effects on hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. We anticipate that VR will be increasingly used as a non-pharmacological preoperative approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A da Baytar
- Zonguldak B..lent Ecevit University Medicine Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Keziban Bollucuo Lu
- Zonguldak B..lent Ecevit University Medicine Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Zonguldak, Turkey
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14
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Manchanda N, Aggarwal A, Setya S, Talegaonkar S. Digital Intervention For The Management Of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:CAR-EPUB-129308. [PMID: 36744687 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230206124155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, multifactorial, chronic, neurodegenerative disease with high prevalence and limited therapeutic options, making it a global health crisis. Being the most common cause of dementia, AD erodes the cognitive, functional, and social abilities of the individual and causes escalating medical and psychosocial needs. As yet, this disorder has no cure and current treatment options are palliative in nature. There is an urgent need for novel therapy to address this pressing challenge. Digital therapeutics (Dtx) is one such novel therapy that is gaining popularity globally. Dtx provides evidence based therapeutic interventions driven by internet and software, employing tools such as mobile devices, computers, videogames, apps, sensors, virtual reality aiding in the prevention, management, and treatment of ailments like neurological abnormalities and chronic diseases. Dtx acts as a supportive tool for the optimization of patient care, individualized treatment and improved health outcomes. Dtx uses visual, sound and other non-invasive approaches for instance-consistent therapy, reminiscence therapy, computerised cognitive training, semantic and phonological assistance devices, wearables and computer-assisted rehabilitation environment to find applications in Alzheimer's disease for improving memory, cognition, functional abilities and managing motor symptom. A few of the Dtx-based tools employed in AD include "Memory Matters", "AlzSense", "Alzheimer Assistant", "smart robotic dog", "Immersive virtual reality (iVR)" and the most current gamma stimulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current trends in digital health in AD and explore the benefits, challenges, and impediments of using Dtx as an adjunctive therapy for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namish Manchanda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Sonal Setya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505, India
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi-110017, India
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Gendia A, Rehman M, Cota A, Gilbert J, Clark J. Can virtual reality technology be considered as a part of the surgical care pathway? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:2-6. [PMID: 36374265 PMCID: PMC9773243 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a new technology in the healthcare sector. It has been shown to enhance the patient's experience and satisfaction in various settings. This review aims to give a brief description of the use of VR and establish validity of its applications to improve the patient's pathway through surgery. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Embase™ databases to identify fields in which VR technology has been trialled in relation to surgery. The search terms 'virtual reality' and 'surgery' were employed. RESULTS Although benefits relating to VR use have been identified in mental health, obesity management, and physical and cognitive rehabilitation, those in surgery have been less well documented. There are, however, some important but limited benefits reported in managing surgery related stress and improving preoperative patient education as well as VR being an adjunct to some level of postoperative analgesia. CONCLUSIONS The current applications of VR in relation to surgical care fall into four main categories: preoperative education, supporting mental health, postoperative pain management, and pre and postoperative patient optimisation. Future studies and validation of VR applications should be carried out so the technology can be utilised throughout the entire patient pathway as VR surgical care bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gendia
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - M Rehman
- Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - A Cota
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - J Gilbert
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - J Clark
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Popa CO, Sava FA, Muresan S, Schenk A, Cojocaru CM, Muntean LM, Olah P. Standard CBT versus integrative and multimodal CBT assisted by virtual-reality for generalized anxiety disorder. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1008981. [PMID: 36248526 PMCID: PMC9554655 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent emotional disorder associated with increased dysfunctionality, which has a lasting impact on the individual’s quality of life. Besides medication, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) represents the golden standard psychotherapeutic approach for GAD, integrating multilevel techniques and various delivery formats that enable the development of tailored treatment protocols. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of a standard CBT protocol targeting worries, dysfunctional beliefs, and intolerance of uncertainty with an integrative and multimodal CBT intervention augmented with Virtual Reality (VR). Materials and methods This study included 66 participants (Mage = 22.53 years; SD = 2.21) with moderate GAD symptoms that were randomized to the standard CBT group (CBTs; N = 32) and the Integrative and Multimodal CBT augmented with VR (IM-VRCBT; N = 34) group. The interventions comprised 10 weekly sessions conducted by trained CBT therapists, including cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, behavioral exposure, and relaxation techniques. Baseline and post-assessments were conducted with both groups. Primary outcome measures included the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Penn-State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) to evaluate the severity of GAD symptoms and worries, respectively. Secondary outcomes involved the administration of Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) and Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ). Results Both interventions determined statistically significant effects on both primary and secondary outcomes (ps < 0.001) in the expected direction. However, CBTs was associated with higher effect sizes for anxiety (Cohen’s d = 2.76) and worries (Cohen’s d = 1.85), in contrast to IM-VRCBT. Also, secondary analyses revealed positive correlations between changes in anxiety and worries level and the reduction of dysfunctional cognitive processes. Conclusion This research emphasized the effectiveness of CBT interventions for treating adults with moderate GAD symptomatology. Specifically, both interventions were efficient for reducing anxiety symptomatology present at individuals with GAD. However, regarding cognitive dysfunctions like worries, the standard CBT protocol performed better, as compared to the IM-VRCBT. In addition, we conclude that VR could be integrated within CBT interventions in a single protocol for GAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Octavian Popa
- Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Florin Alin Sava
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Simona Muresan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
- *Correspondence: Simona Muresan,
| | - Alina Schenk
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Cristiana Manuela Cojocaru
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
- Cristiana Manuela Cojocaru,
| | - Lorena Mihaela Muntean
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Peter Olah
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
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Sora-Domenjó C. Disrupting the "empathy machine": The power and perils of virtual reality in addressing social issues. Front Psychol 2022; 13:814565. [PMID: 36225675 PMCID: PMC9549362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article looks through a critical media lens at mediated effects and ethical concerns of virtual reality (VR) applications that explore personal and social issues through embodiment and storytelling. In recent years, the press, immersive media practitioners and researchers have promoted the potential of virtual reality storytelling to foster empathy. This research offers an interdisciplinary narrative review, with an evidence-based approach to challenge the assumptions that VR films elicit empathy in the participant-what I refer to as the VR-empathy model. A review of literature from the fields of psychology, computer science, embodiment, medicine, and virtual reality was carried out to question and counter these claims through case studies of both fiction and non-fiction VR experiences. The results reveal that there is little empirical evidence of a correlation between VR exposure and an increase in empathy that motivates pro-social behavior, and a lack of research covering VR films exposure eliciting empathy. Furthermore, the results show an alarming lack of research into the long-term effects of VR films and other VR immersive experiences. This contribution aims to understand and demystify the current "empathy machine" rhetoric and calls for more rigorous, scientific research that can authenticate future claims and systemize ethical best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Sora-Domenjó
- Image Processing and Multimedia Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech, Terrassa, Spain
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18
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Yang YH, Situmeang RFV, Ong PA, Liscic RM. Application of virtual reality for dementia management. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is recognized as the major factors of dementia, especially in for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given to the aged population, the increased number of demented population has been receiving a great impact in our society. Unfortunately, so far, no cured medicines have been demonstrated to provide effective treatment in AD. The combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions has been proposed to manage dementia with potential benefits especially in decreasing caregiver’s burden and behavior, as well as psychological problems of demented patients. Recently, giving to the glorious development in digital technologies, the virtual reality, one of the non-pharmacological interventions has been used extensively in dementia managements for its strengths which can be adapted in accordance with the heterogeneous needs from demented patients and their caregivers. However, various study designs and other reasons made these results difficult to be interpreted. In this review our goal is to provide a better understanding for these points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Rocksy FV Situmeang
- Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Pelita Harapan University, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Paulus Anam Ong
- Department of Neurology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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Alexanian S, Foxman M, Pimentel D. Virtual reality and music's impact on psychological well-being. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:864990. [PMID: 36188907 PMCID: PMC9397989 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.864990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is bound to psychological well-being, which in turn is affected by the frequency and magnitude of negative mood states. To regulate mood states, humans often consume media such as music and movies, with varied degrees of effectiveness. The current investigation examined the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) vs. two-dimensional (2D) online interventions with various stimuli (audiovisual vs. visual only vs. audio only) to assess which interventions were most effective for improved well-being. Additionally, this study examined which groups displayed the highest amount of perceived presence to understand what components are essential when maximizing a person's subjective feeling of being “in” a new place and if this translated toward therapeutic results. Our data suggests that even though VR participants generally experienced more presence and had similar benefits as 2D groups for increasing positive mood, only participants in the 2D groups had a reduction in negative mood overall with 2D audiovisual participants experiencing the best results. These results contradict past studies which indicate that there could be other psychological and theoretical considerations that may play a role in determining what online experiences are more effective than just examining presence and immersive stimuli. Further research and development into using VR as a tool for improved well-being is needed to understand its efficacy in remote and in-person setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Alexanian
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, ORUnited States
- Correspondence: Stephen Alexanian
| | - Maxwell Foxman
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, ORUnited States
| | - Danny Pimentel
- University of Oregon, Oregon Reality Labs, School of Journalism and Communication, Portland, OR, United States
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Ma J, Zhao D, Xu N, Yang J. The Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) Based Mindfulness Training on Improvement Mental-Health in Adults: A Narrative Systematic Review. Explore (NY) 2022; 19:310-318. [PMID: 36002363 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, digital techniques, such as virtual reality (VR) has been employed in tandem with more traditional psychological interventions. The aim of this study is to investigate whether VR-based mindfulness training can improve mental health outcomes, and notably mindfulness levels amongst adults. In addition, this review seeks to summarise the various designed VR scenarios, as well as those elements around VR that may assist people in practising mindfulness and meditation. METHODS The search for eligible studies for inclusion was conducted via the following databases: the Applied Social Science Index & Abstract (ASSIA), PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, and the Web-of-Science Core Collection. Only experimental studies were eligible for inclusion, and specifically, those that compared the effectiveness of mindfulness training using immersive VR (on the one hand) with a control condition. RESULTS This search generated 2523 articles published between 2016 and 2022, and of these, 106 were assessed for eligibility. This review included seven studies, with a collective total of 798 participants. VR-based mindfulness training has been shown to be more effective than conventional mindfulness - it improves levels of mindfulness and meditation experience; but also shown to reduce anxiety, depression, improve sleep quality, emotion regulation, and generate mood improvement. VR-based mindfulness training frequently contains natural 'environmentally relevant' elements, such as forest, grassland, caves, sea, etc. CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that using VR to assist mindfulness training is an effective and innovative way to improve mental health conditions within the adult population. Further directions and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Ma
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Dongrong Zhao
- Lanzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 130, Jianlan New Village, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Naihong Xu
- Lanzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 130, Jianlan New Village, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Lanzhou Third People's Hospital, Administration Building, No. 130, Jianlan New Village, Qilihe, Lanzhou, China.
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Visual P300 as a neurophysiological correlate of symptomatic improvement by a virtual reality-based computer AT system in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: A Pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:261-271. [PMID: 35512620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous comparative trials showed that virtual reality (VR) therapies achieved larger effects than gold-standard cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on overall auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). However, no trial has examined the corresponding underlying electrophysiological mechanisms. We performed a pilot randomized comparative trial evaluating the efficacy of a virtual reality-based computer AT system (CATS) over CBT for schizophrenia (SCZ) patients with treatment-resistant AVHs and explored these potential electrophysiological changes via the visual P300 component. Patients (CATS, n = 32; CBT, n = 33) completed the clinical assessments pre- and post-interventions and at 12-week follow-up. The visual P300 were measured before and after both therapies. The analysis of changes in psychiatric symptoms used linear mixed-effects models, and the P300 response in temporal and time-frequency domains was analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. There was no interaction effect between change in clinical symptoms and treatment group. However, several statistically significant within-group improvements were found for CATS and CBT over time. AVH improved significantly after both treatments, as measured with the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales-Auditory Hallucinations (PSYRATS-AH) sub-scores. Especially for the CATS group, omnipotence beliefs, anxiety symptoms, self-esteem, and quality of life also remained improved at the 12-week follow-up. Moreover, P300 amplitude had a significant interaction effect and correlation with AVH response. Overall, our analysis did not demonstrate general clinical superiority of CATS over CBT, but CATS improved refractory AVH in SCZ patients, likely by increasing P300 amplitude. These findings support the continued development of CATS for persistent AVH and suggest further trials to clarify the neurological effects of CATS.
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Schuster L, Friedrich AS, Kothgassner OD, Zemp M. Virtual Reality als Trainingstool in der Klinischen und Gesundheitspsychologie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Virtual Reality (VR) wird zunehmend als Hilfsmittel für psychologische Interventionen eingesetzt. Auch für sozial-emotionale Fähigkeiten kann VR realitätsnahe Übungsszenarien kreieren. Fragestellung: Dieses systematische Review gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu VR-Trainings sozial-emotionaler Fähigkeiten. Methode: Die systematische Literaturrecherche erfolgte in PSYNDEX, PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed und Web of Science und orientierte sich an den PRISMA-Richtlinien. Eingeschlossen wurden deutsch- und englischsprachige empirische Studien zu VR-basierten Trainings sozial-emotionaler Fähigkeiten für gesunde oder psychisch beeinträchtigte Personen aller Altersstufen. Ergebnisse: Elf Studien wurden eingeschlossen. Die Mehrheit untersuchte klinische Stichproben. Die methodische Qualität wurde bei zehn Studien positiv beurteilt. Schlussfolgerungen: Insgesamt spricht das Review für die Nützlichkeit VR-basierter Trainings sozial-emotionaler Fähigkeiten, aber der aktuelle Forschungsstand erlaubt noch keine eindeutigen Schlussfolgerungen bezüglich ihrer Wirksamkeit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schuster
- Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Oswald D. Kothgassner
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Österreich
| | - Martina Zemp
- Institut für Klinische und Gesundheitspsychologie, Universität Wien, Österreich
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Magrini M, Curzio O, Tampucci M, Donzelli G, Cori L, Imiotti MC, Maestro S, Moroni D. Anorexia Nervosa, Body Image Perception and Virtual Reality Therapeutic Applications: State of the Art and Operational Proposal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052533. [PMID: 35270226 PMCID: PMC8909096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) patients exhibit distorted body representation. The purpose of this study was to explore studies that analyze virtual reality (VR) applications, related to body image issues, to propose a new tool in this field. We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were explored; the review included 25 studies. Research has increased over the last five years. The selected studies, clinical observational studies (n = 16), mostly concerning patients' population with AN (n = 14) or eating disorders (EDs) diagnosis, presented multiple designs, populations involved, and procedures. Some of these studies included healthy control groups (n = 7). Studies on community sample populations were also selected if oriented toward clinical applications (n = 9). The VR technologies in the examined period (about 20 years) have evolved significantly, going from very complex and bulky systems, requiring very powerful computers, to agile systems. The advent of low-cost VR devices has given a big boost to research works. Moreover, the operational proposal that emerges from this work supports the use of biofeedback techniques aimed at evaluating the results of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of adolescent patients diagnosed with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Magrini
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies “Alessandro Faedo”, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Olivia Curzio
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (M.C.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Tampucci
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies “Alessandro Faedo”, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Gabriele Donzelli
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Liliana Cori
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (M.C.I.)
| | - Maria Cristina Imiotti
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (M.C.I.)
| | - Sandra Maestro
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Calambrone, Italy;
| | - Davide Moroni
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies “Alessandro Faedo”, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
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Oteri V, Martinelli A, Crivellaro E, Gigli F. The impact of preoperative anxiety on patients undergoing brain surgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 44:3047-3057. [PMID: 33608828 PMCID: PMC8593022 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preoperative anxiety is a common reaction exhibited by up to 80% of patients who are scheduled for surgical procedures and characterized by psychological and physical changes which may affect their perioperative period. Our aim is to report the most up-to-date evidence on preoperative anxiety in brain surgery patients through a systematic analysis of the studies produced in the last decades. We performed a systematic review of literature by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Data were extracted using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome framework and critically analyzed. PRISMA guidelines were applied, and the risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Risk of bias (RoB) 2 and ROBINS tools, as was the methodological quality, following GRADE criteria. We included 27 articles, accounting for 2558 patients in twelve different countries. The prevalence of preoperative anxiety ranged from 17 up to 89%, higher in female patients. Preoperative anxiety was associated with lower quality of life and cognitive performance, higher need for information, poorer memory and attention, longer hospitalization, depressive symptoms, and increase of physical disability; no correlation with survival rate was found. Seven randomized controlled trials attested the efficacy of acupuncture, music therapy, virtual reality, and pharmacological support in lowering anxiety levels. Preoperative anxiety is a common phenomenon that could negatively affect the perioperative period of brain surgery patients: this is something that should not be neglected to achieve better care through early prevention and optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Oteri
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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26
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Virtual Reality Rehabilitation's Impact on Negative Symptoms and Psychosocial Rehabilitation in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111429. [PMID: 34828476 PMCID: PMC8621037 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with symptoms that can severely affect patients’ quality of life. While drug administration inhibits most of the positive symptoms, it fails to effectively treat the negative symptoms and in turn relies on rehabilitation therapies. With technological progress, virtual reality (VR) has been the target of recent studies in terms of mental health rehabilitation and has been shown to be a tool with ecological validity in order to introduce the individual to situations similar to their daily life. Methods: From July to August 2021, we conducted a systematic review with the purpose of understanding the impact of virtual reality rehabilitation on negative symptoms and psychosocial rehabilitation in the schizophrenia spectrum. The searches were performed in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results: In our search, we identified 201 results, where 108 duplicates were excluded, resulting in a final balance of 93. After reading and assessing the titles and abstracts, 66 studies were excluded. Of the remaining 27 reports, 23 were excluded for not meeting the previously defined eligibility criteria, resulting in the inclusion of four studies in this systematic review. Conclusions: The available data on the specific topic was limited and could have been more complete. However, in our review, we were able to identify statistically relevant results demonstrating the effectiveness of intervention. We could find medium to large effects, allowing VR to be an ally for rehabilitation of symptoms related to schizophrenia.
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27
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Skeva R, Gregg L, Jay C, Pettifer S. Views of Practitioners and Researchers on the Use of Virtual Reality in Treatments for Substance Use Disorders. Front Psychol 2021; 12:606761. [PMID: 34093303 PMCID: PMC8175665 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.606761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) has been shown to be effective in treating anxiety disorders and phobias, but has not yet been widely tested for Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and it is not known whether health care practitioners working with SUDs would use VRT if it were available. We report the results of an interview study exploring practitioners’ and researchers’ views on the utility of VRT for SUD treatment. Practitioners and researchers with at least two years’ experience delivering or researching and designing SUD treatments were recruited (n = 14). Interviews were thematically analyzed, resulting in themes relating to the safety and realism of VRT, and the opportunity for the additional insight it could offer to during SUD treatment. Participants were positive about employing VRT as an additional treatment for SUD. VRT was thought suitable for treating adults and people with mental health issues or trauma, provided that risks were appropriately managed. Subsequent relapse, trauma and over-confidence in the success of treatment were identified as risks. The opportunity VRT offered to include other actors in therapy (via avatar use), and observe reactions, were benefits that could not currently be achieved with other forms of therapy. Overall, VRT was thought to offer the potential for safe, realistic, personalized and insightful exposure to diverse triggering scenarios, and to be acceptable for integration into a wide range of SUD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigina Skeva
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Advanced Interfaces-Visual Computing, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Gregg
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Jay
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Information Management, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Pettifer
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Advanced Interfaces-Visual Computing, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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28
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Zhang S, Chen M, Yang N, Lu S, Ni S. Effectiveness of VR based mindfulness on psychological and physiological health: A systematic review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Havola S, Haavisto E, Mäkinen H, Engblom J, Koivisto JM. The Effects of Computer-Based Simulation Game and Virtual Reality Simulation in Nursing Students' Self-evaluated Clinical Reasoning Skills. Comput Inform Nurs 2021; 39:725-735. [PMID: 33941719 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that nursing students can learn clinical reasoning skills by engaging in simulation games. However, there has been no research regarding the effects of simulation games on clinical reasoning skills when nursing students also engage in virtual reality simulations. Furthermore, by engaging in simulation games, neither game metrics nor their impact on students' self-evaluated clinical reasoning skills has been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of these two kinds of simulation games using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Forty nursing students self-evaluated their clinical reasoning skills in three phases using the Clinical Reasoning Skills scale. Furthermore, the game metrics of the simulation games were analyzed, and the results clearly showed that students' self-evaluated clinical reasoning skills were systematically improved. There was a systematic association between better playing scores and better self-evaluated clinical reasoning skills in playing both kinds of simulation games. Moreover, students engaged more time in the virtual reality simulation than the computer-based simulation game. Overall, the results suggest that the use of a combination of both kinds of simulation games is an effective way for nursing students to learn clinical reasoning skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Havola
- Author Affiliations: Department of Nursing Science (Ms Havola, Dr Haavisto, Mrs Mäkinen, and Dr Koivisto) and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Economics (Dr Engblom), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Hospital District of Satakunta, Pori, Finland (Dr Haavisto); and Smart Services Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences, Hämeenlinna, Finland (Dr Koivisto)
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30
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Riches S, Pisani S, Bird L, Rus-Calafell M, Garety P, Valmaggia L. Virtual reality-based assessment and treatment of social functioning impairments in psychosis: a systematic review. Int Rev Psychiatry 2021; 33:337-362. [PMID: 34121587 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2021.1918648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
People with psychosis can experience social functioning impairments. Virtual reality (VR) has been used to assess and treat these difficulties. This systematic review (Prospero CRD42015026288) provides an evaluation of these VR applications. PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched until May 2020. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess studies. Database searching identified 3810 titles. Fifty-eight studies (published 2005-2020; N = 2,853), comprising twenty-six head-mounted display studies (20 assessment, 6 treatment) and thirty-two immersive 2D screen studies (23 assessment, 9 treatment), were included. There were forty-eight observational studies and ten randomised controlled trials, with 1570 participants (of which, 185 were at ultra-high risk of psychosis) in VR test groups. Nearly half the studies were published since 2016. Assessments targeted cognitive and behavioural indicators of social functioning, e.g. paranoia, eye gaze, or interpersonal distance. Treatments promoted cognitive-behavioural social skills or job interview training. Studies indicate feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of VR for social functioning impairments in psychosis. Limitations of studies include the narrow scope of social functioning, small sample sizes, and limited randomised controlled trials and standardised interventions. Findings suggest VR has potential to be integrated with existing psychological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Riches
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
| | - Sara Pisani
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leanne Bird
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mar Rus-Calafell
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philippa Garety
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
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31
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Asiain J, Braun M, Roussos AJ. Virtual reality as a psychotherapeutic tool: current uses and limitations. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2021.1885008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Asiain
- Laboratorio para la investigación en Psicología y tecnología de la información y comunicación, LIPSTIC, Universidad de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena Braun
- Laboratorio para la investigación en Psicología y tecnología de la información y comunicación, LIPSTIC, Universidad de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés J. Roussos
- Laboratorio para la investigación en Psicología y tecnología de la información y comunicación, LIPSTIC, Universidad de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, LIPSTIC, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Modrego-Alarcón M, López-Del-Hoyo Y, García-Campayo J, Pérez-Aranda A, Navarro-Gil M, Beltrán-Ruiz M, Morillo H, Delgado-Suarez I, Oliván-Arévalo R, Montero-Marin J. Efficacy of a mindfulness-based programme with and without virtual reality support to reduce stress in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2021; 142:103866. [PMID: 33957506 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of a mindfulness-based programme (MBP) for reducing stress in university students and its action mechanisms and to explore the capacity of virtual reality (VR) exposure to enhance adherence to the intervention. METHODS This randomized controlled trial (RCT) involved assessment time points of baseline, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up. A total of 280 students from two Spanish universities were randomly assigned to 'MBP', 'MBP + VR', or 'Relaxation' (active controls). Perceived stress posttreatment was the primary outcome; wellbeing and academic functional outcomes were assessed as well. Multilevel mixed-effects models were performed to estimate the efficacy of the programme. RESULTS Both 'MBP' (B = -2.77, d = -0.72, p = .006) and 'MBP + VR' (B = -2.44, d = -0.59, p = .014) were superior to 'Relaxation' in improving stress, as well as most of the secondary outcomes, with medium-to-large effects posttreatment and at follow-up. The long-term effects of MBPs on stress were mediated by mindfulness and self-compassion in parallel. Treatment adherence was improved in the 'MBP + VR' group, with higher retention rates and session attendance (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This RCT supports the efficacy of an MBP compared to relaxation for reducing stress in university students through mindfulness and self-compassion as mechanisms of change. VR exposure may enhance treatment adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03771300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Modrego-Alarcón
- Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo
- Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain; Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Aranda
- Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; AGORA Research Group; Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Mayte Navarro-Gil
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Beltrán-Ruiz
- Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Morillo
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Delgado-Suarez
- Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rebeca Oliván-Arévalo
- AGORA Research Group; Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Bozdogan Yesilot S, Ciftci H, Ozcelik Z. The effect of virtual reality on mothers' anxiety during children's circumcision: A randomized controlled study. Int J Nurs Pract 2021; 27:e12906. [PMID: 33398905 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of use of virtual reality headsets on mothers' anxiety, by distracting their attention, during their child's circumcision procedure. DESIGN This was a randomized controlled intervention study. METHODS The study used a pretest and posttest design and was carried out between April 15, 2019, and June 30, 2019, with 60 participants (n = 30 intervention and n = 30 control group). The data were collected using a personal information form, the State Anxiety Inventory and Faces Anxiety Scales. In the study, the participants in the intervention group watched videos through a virtual reality headset. RESULTS The socio-demographic characteristics of the intervention group and control group were similar in the pretest, except for the educational level. After the intervention, the intervention group's mean scores on the Faces Anxiety Scale, heart rate and respiration rates were significantly lower than those of the control group, but the difference between the mean State Anxiety Inventory scores was insignificant. CONCLUSION Distraction using videos produced by virtual reality headsets is effective in reducing mothers' moderate level anxiety. It is recommended that further studies should be conducted in different ambulatory surgery procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatice Ciftci
- General Surgery Operating Room, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Ozcelik
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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34
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Szczepańska-Gieracha J, Cieślik B, Rutkowski S, Kiper P, Turolla A. What can virtual reality offer to stroke patients? A narrative review of the literature. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 47:109-120. [PMID: 32741792 DOI: 10.3233/nre-203209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies demonstrated the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) as a method supporting the post-stroke neuro-rehabilitation process by activating motor learning processes. Nevertheless, stroke is frequently accompanied by serious psychological problems including depression, which is associated with an increased risk of mortality, lower post-stroke physical activity, and higher disability in stroke patients. OBJECTIVES To explore the current use of VR as a method supporting the neuro-rehabilitation process, both in physical and psychological dimensions. METHODS An exploratory review was conducted with a narrative synthesis. PubMed was used for literature search. Search includes the use of VR in physical rehabilitation, and as support therapy in psychiatric disorders. Both primary research and systematic reviews were included. RESULTS In neurological disorders rehabilitation, out of 22 studies, 16 concerned stroke survivors. In psychiatric disorders, 44 literature reviews were included. CONCLUSION The studies confirmed the effectiveness of various forms of VR treatment in the alleviation of psychological and behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders. There is a shortage of VR-based technological solutions that would, besides physical rehabilitation, offer stroke patients therapeutic tools to alleviate psychological disturbance and improve the patient's mood and motivation. Such solutions will most likely become a field of intensive research in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Błażej Cieślik
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kiper
- Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation Technologies, San Camillo IRCCS S.r.l., Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation Technologies, San Camillo IRCCS S.r.l., Venice, Italy
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Hinze J, Röder A, Menzie N, Müller U, Domschke K, Riemenschneider M, Noll-Hussong M. Spider Phobia: Neural Networks Informing Diagnosis and (Virtual/Augmented Reality-Based) Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy-A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:704174. [PMID: 34504447 PMCID: PMC8421596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.704174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent fMRI studies on specific animal phobias, particularly spider phobia (arachnophobia), have identified a large variety of specific brain regions involved in normal and disturbed fear processing. Both functional and structural brain abnormalities have been identified among phobic patients. Current research suggests that both conscious and subconscious fear processing play a crucial role in phobic disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been identified as an effective treatment for specific phobias and has been associated with neuroplastic effects which can be evaluated using current neuroimaging techniques. Recent research suggests that new approaches using virtual (VR) or augmented reality (AR) tend to be similarly effective as traditional "in vivo" therapy methods and could expand treatment options for different medical or individual scenarios. This narrative review elaborates on neural structures and particularities of arachnophobia. Current treatment options are discussed and future research questions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hinze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anne Röder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Menzie
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Riemenschneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Noll-Hussong
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Recommendations for Integrating a P300-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Virtual Reality Environments for Gaming: An Update. COMPUTERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/computers9040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The integration of a P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) into virtual reality (VR) environments is promising for the video games industry. However, it faces several limitations, mainly due to hardware constraints and limitations engendered by the stimulation needed by the BCI. The main restriction is still the low transfer rate that can be achieved by current BCI technology, preventing movement while using VR. The goal of this paper is to review current limitations and to provide application creators with design recommendations to overcome them, thus significantly reducing the development time and making the domain of BCI more accessible to developers. We review the design of video games from the perspective of BCI and VR with the objective of enhancing the user experience. An essential recommendation is to use the BCI only for non-complex and non-critical tasks in the game. Also, the BCI should be used to control actions that are naturally integrated into the virtual world. Finally, adventure and simulation games, especially if cooperative (multi-user), appear to be the best candidates for designing an effective VR game enriched by BCI technology.
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Cassani R, Novak GS, Falk TH, Oliveira AA. Virtual reality and non-invasive brain stimulation for rehabilitation applications: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:147. [PMID: 33129331 PMCID: PMC7603766 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article reports the results of a systematic review on the potential benefits of the combined use of virtual reality (VR) and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a novel approach for rehabilitation. VR and NIBS are two rehabilitation techniques that have been consistently explored by health professionals, and in recent years there is strong evidence of the therapeutic benefits of their combined use. In this work, we reviewed research articles that report the combined use of VR and two common NIBS techniques, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Relevant queries to six major bibliographic databases were performed to retrieve original research articles that reported the use of the combination VR-NIBS for rehabilitation applications. A total of 16 articles were identified and reviewed. The reviewed studies have significant differences in the goals, materials, methods, and outcomes. These differences are likely caused by the lack of guidelines and best practices on how to combine VR and NIBS techniques. Five therapeutic applications were identified: stroke, neuropathic pain, cerebral palsy, phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder, and multiple sclerosis rehabilitation. The majority of the reviewed studies reported positive effects of the use of VR-NIBS. However, further research is still needed to validate existing results on larger sample sizes and across different clinical conditions. For these reasons, in this review recommendations for future studies exploring the combined use of VR and NIBS are presented to facilitate the comparison among works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Cassani
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientique (INRS-EMT), University of Quebec, 800 rue de la Gauchetière O, Montreal, QC H5A-1K6 Canada
| | - Guilherme S. Novak
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, CEP 90.050-170 Brazil
| | - Tiago H. Falk
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientique (INRS-EMT), University of Quebec, 800 rue de la Gauchetière O, Montreal, QC H5A-1K6 Canada
| | - Alcyr A. Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, CEP 90.050-170 Brazil
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Bisso E, Signorelli MS, Milazzo M, Maglia M, Polosa R, Aguglia E, Caponnetto P. Immersive Virtual Reality Applications in Schizophrenia Spectrum Therapy: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6111. [PMID: 32842579 PMCID: PMC7504018 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Virtual Reality (VR) is a fully immersive computer simulated experience consisting of a three-dimensional interactive virtual environment, through a head-mounted display (HMD) and controller. The use of virtual reality has recently been proposed for the treatment of various psychiatric conditions, including the spectrum of schizophrenia. Our review aims to investigate the current available evidence regarding the use of immersive virtual reality in the treatment of psychotic symptoms. (2) Methods: From April 2019 to June 2020, we conducted a systematic review aimed at identifying therapeutic applications in immersive virtual reality for the spectrum of schizophrenia, searching for relevant studies on Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL. (3) Results: We identified a total of 2601 unique records. Of these, 64 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and six out of these met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final systematic review. (4) Conclusions: The available data on immersive virtual reality are currently limited due to the few studies carried out on the topic; however, it has demonstrated its effectiveness and versatility in successfully treating various psychotic symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, or cognitive and social skills. Existing literature agrees on safe, tolerable, and long-term persistence of the therapeutic effects obtained by immersive VR. No serious side effects have been reported. In some specific cases, VR therapy was found to be very effective compared to usual treatment, allowing effective drug free interventions, and therefore without side effects for patients, even in those resistant to normal drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bisso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico G.Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico G.Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Michele Milazzo
- Center for Tobacco Prevention and Treatment, University Hospital “Policlinico G.Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Center for Tobacco Prevention and Treatment, University Hospital “Policlinico G.Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.); (R.P.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for the acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center for Tobacco Prevention and Treatment, University Hospital “Policlinico G.Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.); (R.P.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for the acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital “Policlinico G.Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center for Tobacco Prevention and Treatment, University Hospital “Policlinico G.Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.); (R.P.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for the acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Cieślik B, Mazurek J, Rutkowski S, Kiper P, Turolla A, Szczepańska-Gieracha J. Virtual reality in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of reviews. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102480. [PMID: 32951730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) is being used more and more often as a therapeutic tool in psychology or psychiatry. In recent years, VR interventions appear more extensively also in disorders such as depression, anxiety and phobia. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive synthesis and critical review of the literature to identify future directions to advance the field in this area. OBJECTIVES To broadly characterize the literature to date on the application of VR in psychiatric disorders by conducting a systematic review of reviews, describe the limitations of existing research, suggest avenues for future research to address gaps in the current literature and provide practical recommendations for incorporating VR into various treatments for psychiatric disorders. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for reviews on VR use in psychiatric disorders (e.g. various pain perceptions, post-traumatic stress disorder, phobias, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosis, depression). The methodological quality of each literature review was assessed using AMSTAR. RESULTS The original search identified 848 reviews, of which 70 were included in the systematic review of reviews. Broadly, the literature indicates that various VR interventions could be useful in different psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence supporting the positive impact of VR therapy in psychiatric disorders. However, the impact is defined differently according to the studied area. Nevertheless, due to the continuous development of VR hardware and software, it is essential to conduct further research in the area of psychiatric disorders, especially as no review has concluded that VR does not work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Cieślik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland.
| | - Justyna Mazurek
- Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Rutkowski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kiper
- Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation Technologies, San Camillo IRCCS S.r.l., Venice, Italy.
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation Technologies, San Camillo IRCCS S.r.l., Venice, Italy.
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Holmberg TT, Eriksen TL, Petersen R, Frederiksen NN, Damgaard-Sørensen U, Lichtenstein MB. Social Anxiety Can Be Triggered by 360-Degree Videos in Virtual Reality: A Pilot Study Exploring Fear of Shopping. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2020; 23:495-499. [PMID: 32551867 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) involves intense fear of being scrutinized, judged, or embarrassed in public. Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an exposure tool for SAD. Previous studies have developed computer-generated avatars and virtual environments, but this method is time-consuming and expensive. Preliminary evidence shows that 360-degree virtual reality (VR) videos with real-life situations may be an easy, relatively cheap, and effective alternative. This study aimed to develop VR videos with real-life content from a shopping situation and to evaluate participants' anxiety responses and feelings of presence. Three 360-degree VR videos were filmed in a shopping center. Nine patients with SAD and nine controls matched on gender and age participated in the study. The participants' levels of anxiety during the VR videos were assessed using the Subjective Unit of Discomfort Scale and through semistructured interviews. The SAD patients reported higher levels of presence and significantly increased anxiety levels before, during, and after the videos, whereas controls reported no symptom of anxiety. The patients found the videos authentic and recommended VRET to be integrated into the early stages of treatment before in vivo exposure. Anxiety responses can be triggered in patients with SAD by 360-degree shopping videos. Further studied are needed to investigate the potential of using 360-degree videos for VRET in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Theresa Holmberg
- Research Unit for Telepsychiatry and e-Mental Health, Centre for Telepsychiatry, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanja Lilly Eriksen
- Research Unit for Telepsychiatry and e-Mental Health, Centre for Telepsychiatry, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Petersen
- The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mia Beck Lichtenstein
- Research Unit for Telepsychiatry and e-Mental Health, Centre for Telepsychiatry, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Brown T, Nauman Vogel E, Adler S, Bohon C, Bullock K, Nameth K, Riva G, Safer DL, Runfola CD. Bringing Virtual Reality From Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Eating Disorders: An Example Using Virtual Reality Cue Exposure Therapy. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16386. [PMID: 32324145 PMCID: PMC7206518 DOI: 10.2196/16386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment options for eating disorders (EDs) are critically needed to enhance treatment outcomes and reduce the rates of treatment dropouts. On average, only 50% of individuals receiving evidence-based care remit, whereas 24% drop out before treatment completion. One particularly promising direction involves integrating virtual reality (VR) with existing evidence-based treatments (EBTs) such as cue exposure therapy (CET). Across psychiatric disorders, VR-based interventions are demonstrating at least preliminary efficacy and noninferiority to traditional treatments. Furthermore, VR technology has become increasingly portable, resulting in improved acceptance, increased access, and reductions in cost. However, more efficient research processes may be needed to uncover the potential benefits of these rapid technological advances. This viewpoint paper reviews existing empirical support for integrating VR with EBTs (with a focus on its use with EDs) and proposes key next steps to more rapidly bring this innovative technology-based intervention into real-world clinic settings, as warranted. VR-CET for EDs is used to illustrate a suggested process for developing such treatment enhancements. We recommend following a deployment-focused model of intervention development and testing to enable rapid implementation of robust, practice-ready treatments. In addition, our review highlights the need for a comprehensive clinical protocol that supports clinicians and researchers in the implementation and testing of VR-CET and identifies key missing protocol components with rationale for their inclusion. Ultimately, this work may lead to a more complete understanding of the full potential of the applications and integrations of VR into mental health care globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Brown
- PGSP-Stanford PsyD Consortium, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Sarah Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cara Bohon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kim Bullock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Nameth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Centro Studi e Ricerche di Psicologia della Comunicazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Debra L Safer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cristin D Runfola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Hinojo-Lucena FJ, Aznar-Díaz I, Cáceres-Reche MP, Trujillo-Torres JM, Romero-Rodríguez JM. Virtual Reality Treatment for Public Speaking Anxiety in Students. Advancements and Results in Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E14. [PMID: 32121589 PMCID: PMC7151627 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Public speaking anxiety (PSA) is a common phobia in the student population. Traditionally, exposure therapy has been used as a treatment. However, the use of virtual reality (VR) is increasingly common to treat PSA. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the published scientific literature on VR as a treatment for PSA in students. The articles indexed in two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) were analyzed, with a time period from the beginning of the first publications until 2019 included. The systematic literature review was based on fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 13 studies were identified which included 481 students. The results collected indicate that the duration of treatments to have positive effects was at least one week, where the number of sessions was between one and twelve. Furthermore, most VR treatments reported positive effects. Finally, this study showed evidence that VR treatment for PSA is effective while being less invasive than in vivo exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José-María Romero-Rodríguez
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.-J.H.-L.); (I.A.-D.); (M.-P.C.-R.); (J.-M.T.-T.)
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Clemmensen L, Bouchard S, Rasmussen J, Holmberg TT, Nielsen JH, Jepsen JRM, Lichtenstein MB. STUDY PROTOCOL: EXPOSURE IN VIRTUAL REALITY FOR SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER - a randomized controlled superiority trial comparing cognitive behavioral therapy with virtual reality based exposure to cognitive behavioral therapy with in vivo exposure. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32000725 PMCID: PMC6990574 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is characterized by an intense fear of negative judgement by others. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is recommended for treatment, but a substantial part of individuals with SAD either do not seek treatment or drop-out. CBT with Virtual Reality (VR)-based exposure has several advantages compared to traditional exposure methods, mainly due to increased control of situational elements. The aim of the current study is to develop a CBT program containing VR-based exposure. The intervention is targeted to adult patients suffering from SAD and treatment effect will be assessed by changes in SAD symptoms. METHODS This article describes the study protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial with three arms: 1) CBT with VR exposure based on 360° videos 2) CBT with in vivo exposure and 3) VR relaxation therapy. There will be 30 participants in each arm with a crossover at the end of the treatment period during which the participants in the third group will be randomly re-allocated to one of the two former groups. The treatment program consists of 10 weekly individual sessions with a psychologist, and a six month follow-up consisting of a questionnaire. The primary outcome measure is reduction in SAD symptoms which will be assessed with the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). DISCUSSION There are currently no published studies on CBT with VR exposure based on 360° videos for SAD treatment. Furthermore, the current study will be the first Danish SAD treatment program that includes VR technology. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03973541) June 3rd 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Clemmensen
- Center for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- 0000 0001 2112 1125grid.265705.3Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada
| | - Johan Rasmussen
- Center for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Theresa Holmberg
- Center for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hyldig Nielsen
- Center for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- 0000 0001 0674 042Xgrid.5254.6Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mia Beck Lichtenstein
- Center for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Namdarpour F, Zare F. The effectiveness of choice theory training on the mental health of adolescent girls. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rus-Calafell M, Schneider S. Are we there yet?!-a literature review of recent digital technology advances for the treatment of early psychosis. Mhealth 2020; 6:3. [PMID: 32190614 PMCID: PMC7063271 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2019.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to psychological interventions during early stages of psychosis is essential for ameliorating outcomes and improving prognosis. However, reaching and engaging individuals at these stages of the illness can be very challenging for early intervention teams. Recent digital technological advances have emerged to overcome some of these challenges and to improve access to psychological interventions. The aim of the present literature review is to summarise main findings of relevant studies published during the last 10 years on the utilization of digital technologies (i.e., virtual reality, smartphone technology and web-based interventions) to enhance psychological treatment outcomes in early psychosis. A literature search from January 2009 to June 2019 was performed to identify relevant papers. Of 1,502 studies identified, nine met inclusion criteria for the review and only five presented results from finalised trials. Overall, these studies showed positive feasibility and acceptability results, along with preliminary evidence of improved therapy outcomes. The present review offers a state-of-the-art summary of the main features of these user-centered digital interventions for early stages of psychosis and a critical discussion about their future implementation in mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Rus-Calafell
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Fischer C, Heider J, Schröder A, Taylor JE. “Help! I’m Afraid of Driving!” Review of Driving Fear and its Treatment. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
AIM Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent and significant cause of disability which is often resistant to pharmacological management. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology with the potential to influence CLBP, and has been suggested as an alternative to opioids for pain management. VR is a goalfocused, computer-simulated reality allowing modification of the user's experience of their perceived world. MATERIALS/METHODS A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature using a systematic search strategy, and sole reviewer for data extraction. CONCLUSIONS VR has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing acute, experimental and chronic pain. This review describes the theoretical basis of the therapeutic effects of VR on CLBP via three distinct mechanisms: distraction, neuromodulation and graded exposure therapy. Furthermore, clinical application will be considered, including discussion of ethical issues associated with the technology.Implications for rehabilitationVirtual reality (VR) is suggested as an alternative for opioids in the management of acute and chronic pain.The therapeutic mechanisms of VR in chronic low back pain (CLBP) are equivocal but include distraction, neuromodulation of body perception and graded exposure therapy.VR may show greater efficacy in patients with CLBP with associated kinesiophobia.VR may show greater effect with increased immersion.
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Chicchi Giglioli IA, Bermejo Vidal C, Alcañiz Raya M. A Virtual Versus an Augmented Reality Cooking Task Based-Tools: A Behavioral and Physiological Study on the Assessment of Executive Functions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2529. [PMID: 31798497 PMCID: PMC6868091 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are two novel graphics immersive techniques (GIT) that, in the last decade, have been attracting the attention of many researchers, especially in psychological research. VR can provide 3D real-life synthetic environments in which controllers allow human interaction. AR overlays synthetic elements to the real world and the human gaze to target allow hand gesture to act with synthetic elements. Both techniques are providing more ecologically environments than traditional methods, and most of the previous researches, on one side, have more focused on the use of VR for treatment and assessment showing positive effectiveness results. On the other, AR has been proving for the treatment of specific disorders but there are no studies that investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of AR in the neuropsychological assessment. Starting from these premises, the present study aimed to compare the performance and sense of presence using both techniques during an ecological task, such as cooking. The study included 50 cognitively healthy subjects. The cooking task consisted of four levels that increased in difficulty. As the level increased, additional activities appeared. The order of presentation of each exposure condition (AR and VR) was counterbalanced for each participant. The VR-cooking task has been performed through "HTC/VIVE" and AR through "Microsoft HoloLens." Furthermore, the study recorded and compared the psychophysiological changes [heart rate and skin conductance response (SCR)] during the cooking task in both conditions. To measure the sense of presence occurring during the two exposure conditions, subjects completed the Slater-Usoh-Steed Questionnaire (SUSQ) and the ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory (ITC-SOPI) immediately after each condition. The behavioral results showed that times are always lower in VR than in AR, increasing constantly in accordance with the difficulty of the tasks. Regarding physiological responses, the findings showed that AR condition produced more individual excitement and activation than VR. Finally, VR was able to produce higher levels of sense of presence than AR condition. The overall results support that VR currently represents the GIT with greater usability and feasibility compared to AR, probably due to the differences in the human-computer interaction between the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alice Chicchi Giglioli
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (I3B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Lanier M, Waddell TF, Elson M, Tamul DJ, Ivory JD, Przybylski A. Virtual reality check: Statistical power, reported results, and the validity of research on the psychology of virtual reality and immersive environments. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality applications to assist older adult with cognitive and functional decline are fast growing. However, such technological developments face limitations such as due to limited constructs and ecological validity. This study was aimed at investigating age-related changes in functional abilities and their associated cognitive underpinnings during task performance in virtual and real environments. METHOD Twenty-two younger adults (university students) and 22 older adults (aged 58-74) performed a multiple errands task twice, once in the "Discoveries" section of the National Museum of Scotland and once in the same room as a virtual environment. Accuracy and distance traveled were measured in both groups. Cognitive and daily living abilities were recorded in older adults using standard and novel questionnaires. RESULTS The testing environment had a significant effect on how efficient individuals performed the task. Older and younger adults' performance was alike but older adults relied on more cognitive resources. Older adults struggled in the virtual but not in the real environment. Younger but not older adults could transfer knowledge between environments. CONCLUSION The use of technology to assist frail older adults and those affected by dementia is growing rapidly. For these novel tools to be theoretically valid, they need to incorporate knowledge of the challenges they pose to these vulnerable groups. Here we present evidence of such challenges and their cognitive underpinnings. This theory may be considered by future applications aimed at enhancing functional abilities in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Parra
- a School of Social Sciences, Psychology , University Heriot-Watt , Edinburgh , UK.,b Human Cognitive Neuroscience , Edinburgh University , Edinburgh , UK.,c Alzheimer's Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.,d Neuroprogressive and Dementia Network , NHS Scotland , UK.,e Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Programa de Psicología, Barranquilla , Colombia
| | - Rini I Kaplan
- b Human Cognitive Neuroscience , Edinburgh University , Edinburgh , UK
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