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Ten Have M, Tuithof M, van Dorsselaer S, Schouten F, Luik AI, de Graaf R. Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders from 2007-2009 to 2019-2022: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS), including comparison of prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:275-285. [PMID: 37159351 PMCID: PMC10168151 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date information on the prevalence and trends of common mental disorders is relevant to health care policy and planning, owing to the high burden associated with these disorders. In the first wave of the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-3), a nationally representative sample was interviewed face-to-face from November 2019 to March 2022 (6,194 subjects; 1,576 interviewed before and 4,618 during the COVID-19 pandemic; age range: 18-75 years). A slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was used to assess DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnoses. Trends in 12-month prevalence rates of DSM-IV mental disorders were examined by comparing these rates between NEMESIS-3 and NEMESIS-2 (6,646 subjects; age range: 18-64 years; interviewed from November 2007 to July 2009). Lifetime DSM-5 prevalence estimates in NEMESIS-3 were 28.6% for anxiety disorders, 27.6% for mood disorders, 16.7% for substance use disorders, and 3.6% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Over the last 12 months, prevalence rates were 15.2%, 9.8%, 7.1%, and 3.2%, respectively. No differences in 12-month prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic were found (26.7% pre-pandemic vs. 25.7% during the pandemic), even after controlling for differences in socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents interviewed in these two periods. This was the case for all four disorder categories. From 2007-2009 to 2019-2022, the 12-month prevalence rate of any DSM-IV disorder significantly increased from 17.4% to 26.1%. A stronger increase in prevalence was found for students, younger adults (18-34 years) and city dwellers. These data suggest that the prevalence of mental disorders has increased in the past decade, but this is not explained by the COVID-19 pandemic. The already high mental disorder risk of young adults has particularly further increased in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlous Tuithof
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van Dorsselaer
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederiek Schouten
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Almegbas NR, Almutairi GR, Alosaimi RM, Alqahtani MA, Batook SG, Alfageh IA, Alhowimel AS, Alqahtani BA, Alshehri MM, Alenazi AM. Fatigue and Cognitive Decline Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Adults. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231153524. [PMID: 36748105 PMCID: PMC9909082 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231153524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling Saudi adults aged ≥50 years and the associated risk factors. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was dichotomized as depressive symptoms when the participants scored ≥10. Risk factors included age, sex, body mass index, education, employment, marital status, number of chronic diseases and medications, fatigue severity scale (FSS), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Among the 206 participants, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.48%. The number of chronic diseases, medications, and fatigue symptoms were significantly higher in those with depressive symptoms, whereas cognitive functions were significantly lower. Fatigue symptoms and cognitive functions were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The cut-off scores for risk factors were ≥42 (FSS) and ≤23 (MoCA scale). Fatigue and cognitive impairments were the only risk factors that distinguished participants with and without depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maha A. Alqahtani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh G. Batook
- East Jeddah General Hospital, Western Region, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Aqeel M. Alenazi
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia,Aqeel M. Alenazi, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia. Emails: ;
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Byeon G, Park JE, Jeon HJ, Seong SJ, Lee DW, Cho SJ, Chang SM, Kim BS, Hahm BJ, Hong JP, Park JI. Associations between game use and mental health in early adulthood: A nationwide study in Korea. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:579-585. [PMID: 34737016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of digital game users is increasing, and so is attention to digital gaming's effects on mental health. We aimed to reveal if risky (game addiction) and usual game use (non-risky) are associated with mental health in early adulthood. METHODS Using data from the nationwide cross-sectional Korean Epidemic Catchment Area study for psychiatric disorders, 415 participants aged 18-30 years were divided into "non-game," "usual game," and "risky game" user groups based on the previous month's game use and cut-off value of game overuse screening questionnaire. Multiple linear and logistic regressions revealed the association between game use groups, perceived mental health, and lifetime prevalence of clinical mental disorders including suicidal ideation. RESULTS Among the 415 participants, 167 were non-game users, 175, usual game users, and 73, risky game users. Risky game users self-reported decreased satisfaction and happiness, and a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and suicidal ideation. Usual game users were significantly associated with higher lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence and suicidal ideation. Self-reported happiness partially mediated between game use and lifetime suicidal ideation in risky, but not usual game users. LIMITATIONS This study is a cross-sectional observational study which was not possible to define the temporal relationship. CONCLUSIONS Both risky and usual game use are associated with mental health problems in early adulthood, indicating the need for careful mental health screening on not only risky game users but also usual game users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihwan Byeon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, 156 Baengnyeong-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24289, South Korea
| | - Jee Eun Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Kore
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Jorea; Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jeong Seong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon Medical School, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Man Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Kore
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Jorea; Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, 156 Baengnyeong-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24289, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Guerra O, Eboreime E. The Impact of Economic Recessions on Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma-Related Disorders and Illness Outcomes-A Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:119. [PMID: 34562956 PMCID: PMC8464685 DOI: 10.3390/bs11090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of a global economic recession secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, this scoping review seeks to summarize the current quantitative research on the impact of economic recessions on depression, anxiety, traumatic disorders, self-harm, and suicide. Seven research databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science: Core Collection, National Library of Medicine PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar) were searched for keywords returning 3412 preliminary results published since 2008 in Organisation for Economic Coordination and Development (OECD)nations. These were screened by both authors for inclusion/exclusion criteria resulting in 127 included articles. Articles included were quantitative studies in OECD countries assessing select mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and trauma-/stress-related disorders) and illness outcomes (self-harm and suicide) during periods of economic recession. Articles were limited to publication from 2008 to 2020, available online in English, and utilizing outcome measures specific to the disorders and outcomes specified above. A significant relationship was found between periods of economic recession and increased depressive symptoms, self-harming behaviour, and suicide during and following periods of recession. Results suggest that existing models for mental health support and strategies for suicide prevention may be less effective than they are in non-recession times. It may be prudent to focus public education and medical treatments on raising awareness and access to supports for populations at higher risk, including those vulnerable to the impacts of job or income loss due to low socioeconomic status preceding the recession or high levels of financial strain, those supporting others financially, approaching retirement, and those in countries with limited social safety nets. Policy makers should be aware of the potential protective nature of unemployment safeguards and labour program investment in mitigating these negative impacts. Limited or inconclusive data were found on the relationship with traumatic disorders and symptoms of anxiety. In addition, research has focused primarily on the working-age adult population with limited data available on children, adolescents, and older adults, leaving room for further research in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Guerra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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Amiri S. Unemployment associated with major depression disorder and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2080-2092. [PMID: 34259616 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1954793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study investigated the association between unemployment and depressive symptoms and major depression disorder worldwide using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. Search time was limited to all articles published in English until December 2020. In the association between unemployment and depression, first, the results of qualified studies were extracted and, then, the results of each study were pooled with each other using the random effects method. Results. The prevalence of depression in the unemployed is 21%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [18, 24%]. This prevalence for depression symptoms is 24%, 95% CI [20, 28%] and for major depressive disorder is 16%, 95% CI [9-24%]. The association between unemployment and depressive symptoms was odds ratio (OR) 2.06, 95% CI [1.85, 2.30] and the association for major depressive disorder was OR 1.88, 95% CI [1.57, 2.25]. The association between unemployment and depression in men was OR 2.27, 95% CI [1.76, 2.93] and in women was OR 1.62, 95% CI [1.40, 1.87]. Conclusions. What is clear from the present study is that unemployment can lead to a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder, thereby undermining the mental health of the unemployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moreno-Agostino D, Wu YT, Daskalopoulou C, Hasan MT, Huisman M, Prina M. Global trends in the prevalence and incidence of depression:a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:235-243. [PMID: 33338841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mixed evidence regarding the change in the prevalence of depression in the general population over time. This study aimed to synthesise the evidence on studies that use equivalent approaches in equivalent populations across different time points. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify studies focused on the change over time in depression incidence and prevalence in the general population. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to obtain a pooled effect for the change in the prevalence estimates between the first and last time points considered. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to ascertain differences in the effect sizes by gender, age group, prevalence type, elapsed time between cross-sections, and depression operationalisation. RESULTS 19 studies provided information on the change in depression prevalence over time, whereas none provided such information regarding incidence. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were estimated by using 17 studies: OR=1.35 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.61). Similar pooled effects were obtained for females and males, separately. The high heterogeneity across studies was not explained by any of the design variables considered. No evidence for publication bias was found. LIMITATIONS The review included published articles up to August 2018, and the information of studies with more than two time points was summarised in a single estimate of change. CONCLUSIONS There is a predominant increasing trend in the likelihood of experiencing depression over time that seems not to be explainable by study design differences or publication bias alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Moreno-Agostino
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Yu-Tzu Wu
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Christina Daskalopoulou
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - M Tasdik Hasan
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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Park JE, Lee YJ, Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Jeon SY, Hwang JY, Yoon H, Choe YM, Kim YK, Shin SA, Suk HW, Lee DY. Differential associations of age and Alzheimer's disease with sleep and rest-activity rhythms across the adult lifespan. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:141-149. [PMID: 33618266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify differences between physiological age-related and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related alterations in sleep and rest-activity rhythm. All participants (n = 280; 20-90 years) underwent clinical assessments, [11C] Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography, and actigraphic monitoring. In cognitively normal adults without cerebral amyloid-β, older age was associated with earlier timing of circadian phase and robust rest-activity rhythm, but sleep quantity and quality were mostly unaffected by age. While preclinical AD was associated with earlier circadian timing, clinical AD exhibited later timing of daily rhythm and increased sleep duration. In conclusion, our findings suggest that older age itself leads to a more regular daily activity rhythm, but does not affect sleep duration. While preclinical AD made the effects of age-related phase advance more prominent, clinical AD was related to later circadian timing and increased sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Hwang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heenam Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Choe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Medical Research Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisiplinary Program in Cognitive science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Park JE, Hong JP, Jeon HJ, Seong SJ, Sohn JH, Ha TH, Lee DW, Park JI, Cho SJ, Chang SM, Kim BS, Suk HW, Cho MJ, Hahm BJ. Age-related differences in the associations among at-risk drinking, alcohol use disorder, and psychological distress across the adult lifespan: a nationwide representative study in South Korea. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1335-1344. [PMID: 32052102 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate age-related differences in the relationships among at-risk alcohol consumption, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and psychological distress with a special focus on older adults. METHODS We used a nationwide cross-sectional study of a representative sample of community-dwelling adults from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study for psychiatric disorders conducted by door-to-door interviews. The Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was applied. Subjects were categorized into four age groups: young-to-middle-aged (20-54 years), near-old (55-64 years), early-old (65-74 years), and late-old (≥ 75 years). The associations among at-risk drinking, alcohol use disorder, and psychological distress were examined according to age groups. RESULTS Among a total of 5102 individuals, half of them drank alcohol in the previous year, of whom 20.5% were at-risk drinkers (≥ 100 g/week). Older people were less often diagnosed with AUD than young-to-middle-aged adults with a similar degree of at-risk drinking. They were less likely to meet the DSM-5 AUD criteria in terms of social and vocational role disruption or creation of a physically hazardous situation. However, at-risk drinking showed a stronger association with subjective psychological distress in older adults, particularly in the near-old group (adjusted odds ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.09-3.03; p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the importance of screening for mental health problems in older adults, especially near-old adults, who drink more than 100 g of alcohol per week even when they do not satisfy the criteria for a diagnosis of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jeong Seong
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon Medical School, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Man Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maeng Je Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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Oh IM, Cho MJ, Hahm BJ, Kim BS, Sohn JH, Suk HW, Jung BY, Kim HJ, Kim HA, Choi KB, You DH, Lim AR, Park IO, Ahn JH, Lee H, Kim YH, Kim MR, Park JE. Effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression in community-dwelling older adults: a randomised feasibility study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:89. [PMID: 32131745 PMCID: PMC7057500 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although a focus on late-life depression may help preventing suicide in older adults, many older people, especially those living in rural areas, have relatively low accessibility to treatment. This study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression targeting older adults living in rural areas. Methods A community-based randomised pilot trial was performed in two small rural villages in South Korea. Two villages were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention or active control group; all older adults living in the two villages (n = 451) were included in the intervention program or received standard Community Mental Health Service (CMHS) care, and the effectiveness of the program was examined using representative samples from both groups (n = 160). The 12-week intervention included case management according to individual risk level and group-based activities. Healthy residents living in the intervention village who played major roles in monitoring at-risk older individuals were supervised by CMHS staff. The score on the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K) was the primary outcome, while social network, functional status, and global cognitive function were secondary outcomes. Linear mixed models including the factors of intervention group, time, and their interaction were used to examine group differences in changes in primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to follow up. Results Overall, there was no significant group × time interaction with respect to the SGDS-K score, but older individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline (SGDS-K ≥ 6) tended to have a lower likelihood of progressing to severe depression at post-intervention. The social network was strengthened in the intervention group, and there was a significant group × time interaction (F[df1, df2], 5.29 [1, 153], p = 0.023). Conclusion This study examined a 12-week village-based intervention for late-life depression in which the CMHS helped village-dwellers deal with late-life depression in their communities. Although the intervention improved social interactions among older adults, it did not reduce depressive symptoms. Further studies including more rural villages and long-term follow up are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this prevention program. Trial registration NCT04013165 (date: 9 July 2019, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- In Mok Oh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Maeng Je Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu Young Jung
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon A Kim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bok Choi
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye You
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Lim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ok Park
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Hyuck Ahn
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Lee
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Kim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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Richter D, Wall A, Bruen A, Whittington R. Is the global prevalence rate of adult mental illness increasing? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140:393-407. [PMID: 31393996 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The question whether mental illness prevalence rates are increasing is a controversially debated topic. Epidemiological articles and review publications that look into this research issue are often compromised by methodological problems. The present study aimed at using a meta-analysis technique that is usually applied for the analysis of intervention studies to achieve more transparency and statistical precision. METHODS We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar and reference lists for repeated cross-sectional population studies on prevalence rates of adult mental illness based on ICD- or DSM-based diagnoses, symptom scales and distress scales that used the same methodological approach at least twice in the same geographical region. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018090959). RESULTS We included 44 samples from 42 publications, representing 1 035 697 primary observations for the first time point and 783 897 primary observations for the second and last time point. Studies were conducted between 1978 and 2015. Controlling for a hierarchical data structure, we found an overall global prevalence increase in odds ratio of 1.179 (95%-CI: 1.065-1.305). A multivariate meta-regression suggested relevant associations with methodological characteristics of included studies. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the prevalence increase in adult mental illness is small, and we assume that this increase is mainly related to demographic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richter
- Bern University Hospital for Mental Health, Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Wall
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Bruen
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Whittington
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Brøset Centre for Research & Education in Forensic Psychiatry, St. Olav's Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A single-item depression measure may not be adequate in capturing the complex entity of mental health, despite wide use of this indicator in community studies. This study evaluated the accuracy of a single-question depression measure in comparison to two composite indices-the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 800 elderly participants ranging from 60 to 89 years of age and residing in Seoul were recruited using a multistage sampling scheme in 2015. The survey was conducted by trained interviewers with a constructed questionnaire. Reliability and validity measures such as the Kappa index, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC were used to evaluate the accuracy of the single question measure. Socio-demographic group differences in accuracy were compared by age, sex, marital status, education, employment, and financial status. RESULTS The prevalence of depression by a single-question measure was much lower than those of CESD and GDS (5.5%, 12.3%, and 12.1%, respectively). The sensitivity of the single-item measure, based on CESD and GDS, was extremely low at 30.6% and 36.1%. In the subgroup analysis, however, there was a marked educational discrepancy in all accuracy measures; in sensitivity, people with a university degree or higher showed about 2.4 times higher sensitivity than those having only a primary school education. CONCLUSIONS The results show that a single-question depression measure should be used with caution. In addition, the single-question measure could substantially underestimate depression among the risk group of older adults.
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