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Trică A, Golu F, Sava NI, Licu M, Zanfirescu ȘA, Adam R, David I. Resilience and successful aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104357. [PMID: 38897094 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the relationship between successful aging (SA) and resilience in older adults, focusing on individuals aged 60 and above, to address a significant gap in understanding how resilience contributes to SA. METHODS Following the Cochrane review guidelines, we conducted searches in databases such as Web of Science, PsycNet, and PubMed up to December 2021 and used PRISMA as a tool for reporting the results. Our inclusion criteria were studies on psychological resilience and SA in older adults aged 60 and above. Exclusion criteria included studies on physical resilience, medical outcomes of SA, other indicators not used in screened studies (e.g., prevalence, means), populations with suicidal ideation or chronic/palliative illnesses, studies considering resilience as an indicator of SA, and qualitative studies on the association between resilience and SA. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included and assessed for risk of bias using funnel plot and trim-and-fill methods. The meta-analysis revealed a medium effect size indicating a positive relationship between resilience and SA. However, high heterogeneity warrants a cautious interpretation of these results. No significant differences were found between older adults in the general population and those in retirement communities, nor were geographical variations (Asia, Europe, America) found to moderate this relationship. DISCUSSION The findings highlight the intrinsic link between older adults' attitudes towards aging, their subjective evaluations, and their level of psychological resilience. Resilience acts as a protective factor against psychological and physical adversities, underscoring the importance of resilience-enhancing strategies in interventions aimed at promoting SA. The conclusions drawn from this analysis should be approached with caution due to the heterogeneity of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Trică
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florinda Golu
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Nicu Ionel Sava
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Licu
- Department of Ethics and Academic Integrity, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
| | - Șerban A Zanfirescu
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Raluca Adam
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana David
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Bucharest, Romania.
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2
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Bhattarai A, King N, Dimitropoulos G, Cunningham S, Rivera D, Tough S, Bulloch AGM, Patten SB, Duffy A. Did childhood adversity increase the vulnerability of university students to the negative mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic? JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38830179 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2360424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine a potential synergistic effect of history of childhood adversity and COVID-19 pandemic exposure on the association with mental health concerns in undergraduate students. Participants: We used U-Flourish Survey data from 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (during-pandemic) first-year cohorts (n = 3,149) identified at entry to a major Canadian University. METHODS Interactions between childhood adversity (physical and sexual abuse, and peer bullying) and COVID-19 pandemic exposure regarding mental health concern (depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidality, and non-suicidal self-harm) were examined on an additive scale. RESULTS We found a positive additive interaction between physical abuse and pandemic exposure in relation to suicidality (combined effect was greater than additive effect (risk difference 0.54 vs. 0.36)). Conversely, less than additive interactions between peer bullying and pandemic regarding depression and anxiety were observed. CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversities have diverse reactions to adult stressor depending on the nature of the childhood adversity and the mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Bhattarai
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nathan King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gina Dimitropoulos
- Mathison Centre for Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Simone Cunningham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew G M Bulloch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anne Duffy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Nelson CL. Coping with Discrimination: A Longitudinal Study of Health Outcomes in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual and Heterosexual Midlife and Older Adults. J Aging Health 2023:8982643231218474. [PMID: 38006399 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231218474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored how coping moderates the association between discrimination and health outcomes in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual midlife and older adults. METHODS This study analyzed longitudinal data from 163 LGB and 326 propensity-matched heterosexual midlife and older adults over approximately 20 years, using the Midlife in the United States study. RESULTS Discrimination was associated with slower chronic condition accumulation over time for LGB individuals. Problem-focused and avoidance coping moderated discrimination's impact on mental health in LGB participants over time, and in heterosexual participants, they moderated the association between discrimination and chronic conditions. DISCUSSION The results suggest a potential "steeling" effect in LGB midlife and older adults facing higher discrimination levels. Furthermore, the findings suggest that effective coping strategies for mitigating the adverse impacts of discrimination on physical and mental health may vary by sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi L Nelson
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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4
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Takatsuru Y, Miyagawa K. Editorial: Chronic effects on brain development induced by early-life stress. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1293325. [PMID: 37920301 PMCID: PMC10619718 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1293325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takatsuru
- Division of Multidimensional Clinical Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Japan
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Bakouni H, Ouimet MC, Desjardins S, Forget H, Vasiliadis HM. Childhood abuse/neglect and temporal patterns in late-life anxiety. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:973-982. [PMID: 35612883 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2076204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety has been associated with childhood abuse/neglect, but this relationship and its mechanisms are poorly documented in older adults. This study examined the association between childhood abuse/neglect and late-life anxiety temporal patterns (i.e. absence, remission, incidence, persistence), testing for mediators. METHODS Data were derived for 724 French-speaking community-living older adults participating in the Étude sur la santé des ainés - Services study with available information at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Past-month anxiety was based on a cutoff score ≥5 on a French translation of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder at interviews. Questions on childhood abuse/neglect (e.g. psycho-emotional, physical, sexual) were administered. Adjusted multinomial regression analyses and mediation bootstrapping models were used. Tested mediators included traumatic events (excluding childhood abuse/neglect), daily hassles, psychological resilience, and cortisol activity. RESULTS The absence, remission, incidence and persistence of anxiety was found in 45.3%, 25.3%, 8.7% and 20.7% of the sample, respectively. Participants with incident and persistent late-life anxiety experienced more childhood abuse/neglect. Participants with persistent anxiety also reported lower psychological resilience. The association between childhood abuse/neglect with anxiety incidence was mediated by daily hassles, while its association with anxiety persistence was mediated by daily hassles and psychological resilience. CONCLUSION Past childhood abuse/neglect was associated with late-life anxiety incidence and persistence, with psychological resilience and daily hassles potentially explaining this relationship. Further research should focus on ascertaining the clinical applications of psychosocial and biological profiles in informing the prevention and personalized treatment of anxiety in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Bakouni
- Faculté de Médecine et Des Sciences De La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Claude Ouimet
- Faculté de Médecine et Des Sciences De La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Helen Forget
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada
| | - Helen-Maria Vasiliadis
- Faculté de Médecine et Des Sciences De La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
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Predictable maternal separation confers adult stress resilience via the medial prefrontal cortex oxytocin signaling pathway in rats. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7296-7307. [PMID: 34561611 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress is normally thought of as a major risk for psychiatric disorders, but many researchers have revealed that adversity early in life may enhance stress resilience later in life. Few studies have been performed in rodents to address the possibility that exposure to early-life stress may enhance stress resilience, and the underlying neural mechanisms are far from being understood. Here, we established a "two-hit" stress model in rats by applying two different early-life stress paradigms: predictable and unpredictable maternal separation (MS). Predictable MS during the postnatal period promotes resilience to adult restraint stress, while unpredictable MS increases stress susceptibility. We demonstrate that structural and functional impairments occur in glutamatergic synapses in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats with unpredictable MS but not in rats with predictable MS. Then, we used differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis of RNA sequencing data from the adult male PFC to identify a hub gene that is responsible for stress resilience. Oxytocin, a peptide hormone, was the highest ranked differentially expressed gene of these altered genes. Predictable MS increases the expression of oxytocin in the mPFC compared to normal raised and unpredictable MS rats. Conditional knockout of the oxytocin receptor in the mPFC was sufficient to generate excitatory synaptic dysfunction and anxiety behavior in rats with predictable MS, whereas restoration of oxytocin receptor expression in the mPFC modified excitatory synaptic function and anxiety behavior in rats subjected to unpredictable MS. These findings were further supported by the demonstration that blocking oxytocinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) to the mPFC was sufficient to exacerbate anxiety behavior in rats exposed to predictable MS. Our findings provide direct evidence for the notion that predictable MS promotes stress resilience, while unpredictable MS increases stress susceptibility via mPFC oxytocin signaling in rats.
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White ML, Henderson DF, Smith SG, Bell MP. A new look at an old problem: A positive psychology lens on discrimination – identity builders and work-related outcomes. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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da Silva-Sauer L, de la Torre-Luque A, Smith BW, C M C Lins M, Andrade S, Fernández-Calvo B. Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Portuguese Version: validity and metrics for the older adult population. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1554-1563. [PMID: 32299220 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1753015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the new Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Brief Resilience Scale (B-BRS) in older adults. METHOD A sample of 1251 participants (54.20% women; M = 68.02 years, SD = 6.52) completed the B-BRS and seven scales on successful aging and mental health. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to study the B-BRS dimensionality. Convergent and divergent validity was analyzed by means of examining the relationships of B-BRS with scales on successful aging and mental health. RESULTS The results supported the unidimensionality of the B-BRS after controlling for wording method, as well as satisfactory reliability (ω = .79). B-BRS structure remained invariant across education level and income groups. B-BRS scores positively correlated with successful aging factors and negatively with psychopathology symptoms. CONCLUSION To conclude, our findings provide some evidence on the reliability and validity of the B-BRS, as well as its validation for use in the senior population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro da Silva-Sauer
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegeneration, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM). Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruce W Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mônica C M C Lins
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegeneration, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Suellen Andrade
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegeneration, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bernardino Fernández-Calvo
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegeneration, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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9
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Lux V, Non AL, Pexman PM, Stadler W, Weber LAE, Krüger M. A Developmental Framework for Embodiment Research: The Next Step Toward Integrating Concepts and Methods. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:672740. [PMID: 34393730 PMCID: PMC8360894 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.672740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embodiment research is at a turning point. There is an increasing amount of data and studies investigating embodiment phenomena and their role in mental processing and functions from across a wide range of disciplines and theoretical schools within the life sciences. However, the integration of behavioral data with data from different biological levels is challenging for the involved research fields such as movement psychology, social and developmental neuroscience, computational psychosomatics, social and behavioral epigenetics, human-centered robotics, and many more. This highlights the need for an interdisciplinary framework of embodiment research. In addition, there is a growing need for a cross-disciplinary consensus on level-specific criteria of embodiment. We propose that a developmental perspective on embodiment is able to provide a framework for overcoming such pressing issues, providing analytical tools to link timescales and levels of embodiment specific to the function under study, uncovering the underlying developmental processes, clarifying level-specific embodiment criteria, and providing a matrix and platform to bridge disciplinary boundaries among the involved research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lux
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Amy L Non
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Penny M Pexman
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Waltraud Stadler
- Chair of Human Movement Science, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian A E Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Krüger
- Institute of Sports Science, Faculty of Humanities, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Betz LT, Penzel N, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Rosen M, Chisholm K, Stainton A, Haidl TK, Wenzel J, Bertolino A, Borgwardt S, Brambilla P, Lencer R, Meisenzahl E, Ruhrmann S, Salokangas RKR, Schultze-Lutter F, Wood SJ, Upthegrove R, Koutsouleris N, Kambeitz J. General psychopathology links burden of recent life events and psychotic symptoms in a network approach. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:40. [PMID: 33319805 PMCID: PMC7738498 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-00129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent life events have been implicated in the onset and progression of psychosis. However, psychological processes that account for the association are yet to be fully understood. Using a network approach, we aimed to identify pathways linking recent life events and symptoms observed in psychosis. Based on previous literature, we hypothesized that general symptoms would mediate between recent life events and psychotic symptoms. We analyzed baseline data of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis and with recent-onset psychosis (n = 547) from the Personalised Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) study. In a network analysis, we modeled links between the burden of recent life events and all individual symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale before and after controlling for childhood trauma. To investigate the longitudinal associations between burden of recent life events and symptoms, we analyzed multiwave panel data from seven timepoints up to month 18. Corroborating our hypothesis, burden of recent life events was connected to positive and negative symptoms through general psychopathology, specifically depression, guilt feelings, anxiety and tension, even after controlling for childhood trauma. Longitudinal modeling indicated that on average, burden of recent life events preceded general psychopathology in the individual. In line with the theory of an affective pathway to psychosis, recent life events may lead to psychotic symptoms via heightened emotional distress. Life events may be one driving force of unspecific, general psychopathology described as characteristic of early phases of the psychosis spectrum, offering promising avenues for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda T Betz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharine Chisholm
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra Stainton
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Theresa K Haidl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Taylor AM, Ritchie SJ, Madden C, Deary IJ. Associations between Brief Resilience Scale scores and ageing-related domains in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Psychol Aging 2020; 35:329-344. [PMID: 31682139 PMCID: PMC7161361 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychology and Aging on Mar 5 2020 (see record 2020-16850-001). This article should have been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0). Therefore, the article was amended to list the authors as copyright holders, and information about the terms of the CC BY 3.0 was added to the author note. In addition, the article is now open access. All versions of this article have been corrected.] It is unclear how scores on self-report resilience scales relate to key ageing-related domains in older age and if they truly measure resilience. We examined antecedents and outcomes of age-76 Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) scores in participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 655). We found bivariate associations between age-76 BRS scores and ageing-relevant antecedent variables measured at least 3 years earlier, from domains of cognitive ability, physical fitness, and wellbeing and, additionally, sociodemographics and personality (absolute r's from .082 to .49). Biological health variables were not associated with BRS scores. Age-73 cognitive ability (largest β = 0.14), physical fitness (largest β = 0.084), and wellbeing variables (largest β = 0.26) made positive independent contributions to age-76 BRS scores in multivariate models. In a conservative model including all variables as covariates, corrected for multiple comparisons, only emotional stability (neuroticism) significantly independently contributed to BRS score (β = 0.33). An exploratory backward elimination model indicated more wellbeing and personality associates of BRS scores (βs from .087 to .32). We used latent difference score modeling to assess outcomes of BRS scores; we examined associations between age-76 BRS and change in latent factors of age-related domains between age 76 and 79. Whereas BRS scores were related cross-sectionally to levels of latent cognitive ability (r = .19), physical fitness (r = .20), and wellbeing (r = .60) factors, they were not related to declines in these domains. The independence of the BRS construct from established wellbeing and personality factors is unclear. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology
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12
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Dent RB, Hagiwara N, Stepanova EV, Green TL. The role of feature-based discrimination in driving health disparities among Black Americans. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2020; 25:161-176. [PMID: 29105509 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1398314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A growing body of research finds that darker skin tone is often associated with poorer physical and mental health in Blacks. However, the psychosocial mechanisms underlying the skin tone-health link remain elusive. The present study seeks to address this knowledge gap by investigating the direct and indirect (through perceived discrimination, socioeconomic status, and self-esteem) effects of skin tone on self-reported physical and mental health.Design: An urban sample of 130 Blacks aged 35 and above completed a self-administered computerized survey as a part of larger cross-sectional study.Results: Self-esteem played a particularly important role in mediating the associations between skin tone and self-reported physical and mental health. This suggests that self-esteem could be a point of intervention to help Blacks with darker skin tone achieve better health.Conclusion: The present study highlights the important role feature-based discrimination plays in determining mental and physical health outcomes among Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randl B Dent
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nao Hagiwara
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Department of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Tiffany L Green
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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13
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Sisto A, Vicinanza F, Campanozzi LL, Ricci G, Tartaglini D, Tambone V. Towards a Transversal Definition of Psychological Resilience: A Literature Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55110745. [PMID: 31744109 PMCID: PMC6915594 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: This paper addresses psychological resilience, a multidisciplinary theoretical construct with important practical implications for health sciences. Although many definitions have been proposed in several contexts, an essential understanding of the concept is still lacking up to now. This negatively affects comparisons among research results and makes objective measurement difficult. The aim of this review is to identify shared elements in defining the construct of resilience across the literature examined in order to move toward a conceptual unification of the term. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed using the electronic databases ‘PubMed’ and ‘PsycINFO’. Scientific studies written in English between 2002 and May 2019 were included according to the following key terms: ‘Psychological’, ‘resilience’, and ‘definition’. Results: The review identifies five macro-categories that summarize what has been reported in the recent literature concerning the resilience phenomenon. They serve as a preliminary and necessary step toward a conceptual clarification of the construct. Conclusions: We propose a definition of psychological resilience as the ability to maintain the persistence of one’s orientation towards existential purposes. It constitutes a transversal attitude that can be understood as the ability to overcome the difficulties experienced in the different areas of one’s life with perseverance, as well as good awareness of oneself and one’s own internal coherence by activating a personal growth project. The conceptual clarification proposed will contribute to improving the accuracy of research on this topic by suggesting future paths of investigation aimed at deeply exploring the issues surrounding the promotion of resilience resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sisto
- Clinical Psychological Service, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Flavia Vicinanza
- Clinical Psychological Service, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Laura Leondina Campanozzi
- Institute of Philosophy of Scientific and Technological Practice, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06225-49072
| | - Giovanna Ricci
- School of Law, Medico-Legal Section, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy;
| | - Daniela Tartaglini
- Department of Professional Health Care Services, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittoradolfo Tambone
- Institute of Philosophy of Scientific and Technological Practice, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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14
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Baranyi G, Sieber S, Pearce J, Cheval B, Dibben C, Kliegel M, Cullati S. A longitudinal study of neighbourhood conditions and depression in ageing European adults: Do the associations vary by exposure to childhood stressors? Prev Med 2019; 126:105764. [PMID: 31269417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging literature emphasises the association between neighbourhood conditions and late life depression. Childhood experiences, crucial for life course development of mental health, may modify how neighbourhood affects subsequent depression. This study assessed the longitudinal associations of access to services and neighbourhood nuisance with depression among older adults, and tested whether these associations varied by exposure to childhood stressors. Data were drawn from the cross-national Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, a prospective cohort study between 2004/2005 and 2015, representative for European adults over the age of 50. Individual perceptions of neighbourhood were measured at baseline; childhood stressors, defined as socioeconomic conditions, adverse experiences and health problems, were collected retrospectively. Multilevel logistic regression estimated the risk of depression (n = 10,328). Access to services were negatively (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.68-0.90) and neighbourhood nuisance positively (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.18-1.56) associated with the probability of depression during follow-up. We found interactions between neighbourhood and childhood socioeconomic conditions, but not with adverse experiences and health problems. While older adults who grew up in better childhood socioeconomic conditions benefited more from living in a residential area with good access to services, they were at higher risk of developing depression when residing in areas with more neighbourhood nuisances. Older adults' mental health can benefit from better access to public transportation and neighbourhood amenities, while physical and social problems in the local area increase the risk of depression. Importantly, socioeconomic circumstances in early life may influence vulnerability to neighbourhood effects in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jamie Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chris Dibben
- Centre for Research on Environment Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Stainton A, Chisholm K, Kaiser N, Rosen M, Upthegrove R, Ruhrmann S, Wood SJ. Resilience as a multimodal dynamic process. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:725-732. [PMID: 30126047 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Resilience is rapidly gaining momentum in mental health literature. It provides a new understanding of the highly variable trajectories of mental illness, and has consistently been linked with improved mental health outcomes. The present review aims to clarify the definition of resilience and to discuss new directions for the field. METHODS After discussing the definition of resilience, this narrative review synthesizes evidence that identifies the specific protective factors involved in this process. This review also addresses the mechanisms that underlie resilience. RESULTS Recent literature has clarified the three core components of resilience, which are the presence of an adversity or specific risk for mental illness; the influence of protective factors that supersede this risk; and finally, a subsequently more positive outcome than expected. Now that these are largely agreed upon, the field should move on to addressing other topics. Resilience is a dynamic process by which individuals utilize protective factors and resources to their benefit. It can vary within one individual across time and circumstance. It can also refer to good functional outcomes in the context of diagnosable illness. While previous research has focused on psychological resilience, it is essential that resilience is conceptualized across modalities. CONCLUSIONS The field should move towards the development of a multimodal model of resilience. Researchers should now focus on producing empirical research which clarifies the specific protective factors and mechanisms of the process, aligning with the core concepts of resilience. This growing, more homogeneous evidence base, can then inform new intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stainton
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katharine Chisholm
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nathalie Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Lee J, Blackmon BJ, Lee JY, Cochran DM, Rehner TA. An exploration of posttraumatic growth, loneliness, depression, resilience, and social capital among survivors of Hurricane Katrina and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:356-370. [PMID: 30207592 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among posttraumatic growth (PTG), loneliness, depression, psychological resilience, and social capital among survivors of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. The survey was administered to a spatially stratified, random sample of households in the three coastal counties of Mississippi. A total of 216 participants were included in this study who lived in close proximity to the Gulf of Mexico coastline during both disasters. Results from structural equation modeling analyses indicated that there was a significant and inverse relationship between PTG and loneliness. Conversely, a direct relationship was not found between PTG and depressive symptoms; instead, the results revealed an indirect relationship between PTG and depressive symptoms through loneliness. Social capital was related to loneliness only indirectly through PTG, while psychological resilience was related to loneliness both directly and indirectly through PTG. Understanding the relationships among these factors, particularly the importance of PTG, can provide insight into the long-term adaptation among those who have survived multiple disasters. Further, these findings may lead to nuanced methods for behavioral health practitioners in assessing and treating individuals with symptoms of depression in disaster-prone communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Lee
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Social Work
| | - Bret J Blackmon
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Social Work
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Social Science, Policy & Evaluation
| | - David M Cochran
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences
| | - Tim A Rehner
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Social Work
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17
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Karlsson L, Tolvanen M, Scheinin NM, Uusitupa HM, Korja R, Ekholm E, Tuulari JJ, Pajulo M, Huotilainen M, Paunio T, Karlsson H. Cohort Profile: The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study (FinnBrain). Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:15-16j. [PMID: 29025073 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Karlsson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.,Department of Child Psychiatry
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.,Department of Community Dentistry
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.,Department of Psychiatry
| | - Henna-Maria Uusitupa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
| | - Riikka Korja
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku
| | - Eeva Ekholm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
| | - Marjukka Pajulo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.,Department of Child Psychiatry
| | - Minna Huotilainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.,University of Helsinki, Cognitive Brain Research Unit and CICERO Learning Network, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, the Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.,Department of Psychiatry
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18
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Lau SYZ, Guerra RO, Barbosa JFDS, Phillips SP. Impact of resilience on health in older adults: a cross-sectional analysis from the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023779. [PMID: 30498045 PMCID: PMC6278794 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-rated health (SRH) is a predictor of objective health measures, including mortality and morbidity. The link between resilience and SRH among the elderly is unclear. We aim to examine whether resilience aligns with SRH and, secondarily, whether resilience can override the negative health consequences of adverse childhood experiences (ACE). DESIGN AND SETTING We use 2012, 2014 and 2016 data from the International Mobility in Aging Study, a longitudinal cohort study that collects survey and biophysical data from Albania, Brazil, Colombia and Canada. The main independent variables were resilience and ACE (social and economic). PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling 65-74 year olds (in 2012) were recruited through primary care registers. The sample size of the study was 1506. PRIMARY OUTCOME The outcome measure was SRH. RESULTS We found that sex, site, economic ACE, current income sufficiency, current depressive symptoms, current physical function and current resilience were associated with current SRH. In regression analyses, we showed that the association between ACE and SRH disappeared once factors such as sex, site, income, depression, physical health and resilience were considered. CONCLUSIONS The association between resilience and health poses a compelling argument for building resilience throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Yu Zoe Lau
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Susan P Phillips
- Centre for Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Škodová Z, Bánovčinová L. Type D Personality as a Predictor of Resilience Among Nursing Students. J Nurs Educ 2018; 57:296-299. [PMID: 29718520 DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20180420-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the factors that influence resilience is especially important in the context of emotionally demanding work environments in health care. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between Type D personality and resilience among nursing students. METHOD A correlational study design was used, and 150 baccalaureate nursing students participated. The Type D personality subscale, sense of coherence questionnaire, and Baruth protective factors inventory were used. Linear regression analysis and Student's t tests were used. RESULTS The negative affectivity subscale of the Type D scale was a significant predictor for resilience and sense of coherence. Students with high levels of Type D characteristics had significantly lower levels of resilience and sense of coherence. CONCLUSION It would be beneficial to include specific interventions for decreasing negative affectivity and promoting stress coping skills training in the training programs in nursing school curricula. [J Nurs Educ. 2018;57(5):296-299.].
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20
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Yajima H, Haijima A, Khairinisa MA, Shimokawa N, Amano I, Takatsuru Y. Early-life stress induces cognitive disorder in middle-aged mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 64:139-146. [PMID: 29458841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress can induce several neuropsychological disorders in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms inducing such disorders are still not fully understood. Furthermore, the effects of early-life stress on the changes in cognitive function with age are still not clarified. In this study, we used maternal deprivation (MD) to examine the cognitive function in middle-aged mice using a touchscreen-equipped operant chamber. In the visual-discrimination task, the aged (∼1.4 years old) control mice could accurately learn to discriminate between different visual stimuli. In contrast, the correct response rate of aged MD mice increased to ∼60% by day 10; it was still significantly lower than that of the control mice (85%). In the hippocampus of aged MD mice, the expression level of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit GluN1 decreased significantly as compared to that in control mice. On the other hand, no significant difference in GluN1 expression level was detected in young (2.5 months old) mice. These findings indicate that early-life stress accelerates cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yajima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Asahi Haijima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shimokawa
- Department of Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takatsuru
- Department of Medicine, Johmoh Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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