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Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Courvoisier DS, Marcora S, Boisgontier MP. Development and validation of the physical effort scale (PES). Psychol Sport Exerc 2024; 72:102607. [PMID: 38364989 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous literature has primarily viewed physical effort as an aversive experience. However, recent research suggests that effort can also be valued positively. These differences in approach and avoidance tendencies toward physical effort may play a key role in the self-regulation of physical activity behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop a scale that measures these tendencies and contributes to a better understanding of physical effort and how it affects behavior. METHODS The Physical Effort Scale (PES) was developed in Study 1 based on expert evaluations (n = 9) and cognitive interviews (n = 10). In Study 2 (n = 680, 69% female), content validity and dimensional structure were examined using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Item reduction was conducted using item response theory. Preliminary construct validity was explored using regression. Study 3 (n = 297, 71% female) was used to validate dimensional structure, internal consistency, and construct validity, and to assess test-retest reliability. RESULTS In Study 1, 44 items were rated for content validity, of which 18 were selected and refined based on cognitive interviews. Analyses from Study 2 allowed reducing the scale to 8 items with a two-dimension structure: tendency to approach (n = 4) and to avoid physical effort (n = 4). The two subscales showed high internal consistency (α = 0.897 for the approach dimension and 0.913 for the avoidance dimension) and explained usual levels of physical activity, providing preliminary evidence of construct validity. Study 3 confirmed the two-dimension structure with high internal consistency (α = 0.907 and 0.916 for the approach and avoidance dimension, respectively) and revealed acceptable test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation >0.66). Patterns of associations with other constructs showed expected relationships, confirming the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the scale. CONCLUSIONS The PES is a valid and reliable measure of individual differences in the valuation of physical effort. This scale can assess the propensity to engage in physically demanding tasks in non-clinical populations. The PES and its manual are available in the Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École Normale Supérieure de Rennes, Bruz, France; VIPS(2) Laboratory, University of Rennes, France.
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- SENS Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA, USA.
| | - Delphine S Courvoisier
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Rheumatology, Beau Séjour Hospital, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Marcora
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; Perley Health Centre of Excellence in Frailty-Informed Care, Ottawa, Canada.
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Zou L, Herold F, Cheval B, Wheeler MJ, Pindus DM, Erickson KI, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Müller NG, Dunstan DW, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, Hallgren M, Ekelund U, Maltagliati S, Owen N. Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:369-382. [PMID: 38431428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Higher levels of physical activity are known to benefit aspects of brain health across the lifespan. However, the role of sedentary behavior (SB) is less well understood. In this review we summarize and discuss evidence on the role of SB on brain health (including cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and dementia risk) for different age groups, critically compare assessment approaches to capture SB, and offer insights into emerging opportunities to assess SB via digital technologies. Across the lifespan, specific characteristics of SB (particularly whether they are cognitively active or cognitively passive) potentially act as moderators influencing the associations between SB and specific brain health outcomes. We outline challenges and opportunities for future research aiming to provide more robust empirical evidence on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France; Laboratory VIPS2, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michael J Wheeler
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Dominika M Pindus
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721, USA
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, The Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Neville Owen
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Gao Y, Yu Q, Schuch FB, Herold F, Hossain MM, Ludyga S, Gerber M, Mullen SP, Yeung AS, Kramer AF, Taylor A, Schinke R, Cheval B, Delli Paoli AG, Ng JL, Van Damme T, Block M, Cunha PM, Olds T, Haegele JA, Zou L. Meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines is linked to academic engagement, psychological functioning, and cognitive difficulties in youth with internalizing problems. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:176-186. [PMID: 38190861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate associations of meeting 24-h movement behavior (24-HMB: physical activity [PA], screen time [ST] in the school-aged youth, and sleep) guidelines with indicators of academic engagement, psychological functioning, and cognitive function in a national representative sample of U.S. youth. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1794 participants aged 6 to 17 years old were included for multivariable logistic regression to determine the above-mentioned associations, while adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates. RESULTS The proportion of participants who met 24-HMB guideline(s) varied greatly (PA+ ST+ sleep = 34 [weighted 1.17 %], PA + ST = 23 [weighted 1.72 %], PA + sleep = 52 [weighted 2.15 %], PA = 34 [weighted 2.88 %], ST = 142 [weighted 7.5 %], ST+ sleep = 209 [weighted 11.86 %], sleep = 725 [weighted 35.5 %], none = 575 [weighted 37.22 %]). Participants who met ST guideline alone and integrated (ST + Sleep and ST + sleep + PA) guidelines demonstrated the consistently beneficial associations with learning interest/curiosity, caring for school performance, completing required homework, resilience, cognitive difficulties, self-regulation (ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION Meeting 24-HMB guidelines in an isolated or integrative manner was associated with improved academic engagement, psychological functioning, and reduced cognitive difficulties. These findings highlight the importance of the promotion of 24-HMB guidelines in youth with internalizing problems. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether changes or modifications of meeting specific 24-HMB guidelines (especially ST) is beneficial for youth with internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Gao
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Faculty of Education, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Mahbub Hossain
- Department of Decision and Information Sciences, C.T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sean P Mullen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Albert S Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Alyx Taylor
- School of Rehabilitation, Sport and Psychology, AECC University College, Bournemouth BH5 2DF, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Robert Schinke
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences an d Physical Education, Ecol e Normal e Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France; Laboratory VIPS2, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Jonathan Leo Ng
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Sport, School of Education, College of Design and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tine Van Damme
- Research Group for Adapted Physical Activity and Psychomotor Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N IV Herestraat49, Mailbox 1510, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; UPC KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Block
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4407, USA
| | - Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA5001, Australia
| | - Justin A Haegele
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, USA
| | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Hou M, Herold F, Werneck AO, Teychenne M, Paoli AGD, Taylor A, Van Damme T, Kramer AF, Hossain MM, Yeung AS, Owen N, Gerber M, Ludyga S, Cheval B, Zou L. Associations of 24-hour movement behaviors with externalizing and internalizing problems among children and adolescents prescribed with eyeglasses/contact lenses. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100435. [PMID: 38287942 PMCID: PMC10823091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence points towards the psychological benefits of meeting 24-hour movement behavior (24-HMB) guidelines, but such associations have not yet been investigated among children and adolescents of prescribed eyeglasses/contact lenses. To this end, we examined associations of meeting 24-HMB guidelines with internalizing and externalizing challenges in this population. Methods We used data from the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health, a cross-sectional survey including a representative sample of US children and adolescents. Data on movement behaviors (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior operationalized via screen time [ST], and sleep duration [SL]) and internalizing and externalizing problems were collected through caregiver proxy reports. Caregivers completed questionnaires for 6030 (2799 girls) US children and adolescents of prescribed eyeglasses/contact lenses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the above-presented associations. Results Only 7.1 % of those prescribed eyeglasses/contact lenses met all three 24-HMB guidelines, while they were more likely to meet SL guideline alone (32.1 %) in relation to other independent guidelines including PA (2.5 %) and ST (10.9 %). Compared to not meeting any of the three 24-HMB guidelines, meeting at least two guidelines (25.22 %) was significantly linked to lower odds of internalizing problems and externalizing problems. Conclusion Meeting at least two components of the 24-HMB guidelines was beneficially linked to internalizing and externalizing problems. Thus, strategies or intervention programs that focus on meeting 24-HMB guidelines should be implemented among children and adolescents of those prescribed eyeglasses/contact lenses to foster coping with psychological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Hou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - André O. Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Megan Teychenne
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Alyx Taylor
- AECC University College, School of Rehabilitation, Sport and Psychology, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Tine Van Damme
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, US
| | - Mahbub M Hossain
- Department of Decision and Information Sciences, C.T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France
- Laboratory VIPS2, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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Maltagliati S, Sarrazin P, Muller D, Fessler L, Ferry T, Wiers RW, Cheval B. Improving physical activity using a single personalized consequence-based approach-avoidance training: Effects on self-reported behaviors, attitudes, and choices. Psychol Sport Exerc 2024; 70:102565. [PMID: 37979927 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite their potential in improving health behaviors, such as physical activity (PA), the effectiveness of interventions targeting automatic precursors remains contrasted. We examined the effects of a single session of ABC training - a personalized consequence-based approach-avoidance training - on PA, relative to an active control condition and a control condition. METHODS Middle-aged US participants (N = 360, 53 % of women) either completed an ABC training (being instructed to approach PA to obtain self-relevant consequences), an approach-avoidance training (approaching PA in 90 % of trials), or a control training (approaching PA in 50 % of trials). Participants selected antecedents (e.g., "When I have little time") in which personalized choices between PA and sedentary alternatives were likely to occur. In the ABC training only, after approaching PA, self-relevant consequences were displayed (e.g., increase in the health status of participant's avatar). Primary outcome was self-reported PA seven days after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included choices for PA (vs sedentary) alternatives in a hypothetical free-choice task, intention, automatic and explicit attitudes toward PA. RESULTS No significant effect of the ABC intervention on PA was observed, so as on intention and explicit attitudes. However, the ABC intervention was associated with higher odds of choosing PA alternatives in the free-choice task and with more positive automatic attitudes toward PA. CONCLUSIONS While the ABC training was not effective at improving PA, its effects on choices and automatic attitudes suggest that this intervention may still have potential. Future studies with intensive trainings and device-based measures of PA remains needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dominique Muller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2S, 38000, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | - Layan Fessler
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Thibaud Ferry
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2S, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Department of Psychology and Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, École normale supérieure de Rennes, Bruz, France; Laboratory VIPS , University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France.
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Bonnet CT, Cheval B. Sitting vs. standing: an urgent need to rebalance our world. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:673-694. [PMID: 36412920 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2150673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During their activities of daily living, humans run, walk, stand, sit and lie down. Recent changes in our environment have favored sedentary behavior over more physically active behavior to such a degree that our health is in danger. Here, we sought to address the problem of excessive time spent seated from various theoretical viewpoints, including postural control, human factors engineering, human history and health psychology. If nothing is done now, the high prevalence of sitting will continue to increase. We make a case for the standing position by demonstrating that spending more time upright can mitigate the physiological and psychological problems associated with excessive sitting without lowering task performance and productivity. The psychological literature even highlights potential benefits of performing certain tasks in the standing position. We propose a number of recommendations on spending more time (but not too much) in the standing position and on more active, nonambulatory behaviors. There is a need to inform people about (i) harmful consequences of excessive sitting and (ii) benefits of spending more time performing active, nonambulatory behaviors. One clear benefit is to reduce detrimental health consequences of excessive sitting and to provide potential additional benefits in terms of productivity and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédrick T Bonnet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Parma JO, Bacelar MFB, Cabral DAR, Recker RS, Orsholits D, Renaud O, Sander D, Krigolson OE, Miller MW, Cheval B, Boisgontier MP. Relationship between reward-related brain activity and opportunities to sit. Cortex 2023; 167:197-217. [PMID: 37572531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested whether energy-minimizing behaviors evoke reward-related brain activity that promotes the repetition of these behaviors via reinforcement learning processes. Fifty-eight healthy young adults in a standing position performed a task where they could earn a reward either by sitting down or squatting while undergoing electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. Reward-prediction errors were quantified as the amplitude of the EEG-derived reward positivity. Results showed that reward positivity was larger on reward versus no reward trials, confirming the validity of our paradigm to measure evoked reward-related brain activity. However, results showed no evidence that sitting (versus standing and squatting) trials led to larger reward positivity. Moreover, we found no evidence suggesting that this effect was moderated by typical physical activity, physical activity on the day of the study, or energy expenditure during the experiment. However, at the behavioral level, results showed that the probability of choosing the stimulus more likely to lead to sitting than standing increased as the number of trials increased. In addition, results revealed that the probability of changing the selected stimulus was higher when the previous trial was a stand trial relative to a sit trial. In sum, neural results showed no evidence supporting the theory that opportunities to minimize energy expenditure are rewarding. However, behavioral findings suggested participants tend to choose the less effortful behavioral alternative and were therefore consistent with the theory of effort minimization (TEMPA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dan Orsholits
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Renaud
- Methodology and Data Analysis, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew W Miller
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, AL, USA; Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, USA.
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France; Laboratory VIPS2, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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8
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Cheval B, Saoudi I, Maltagliati S, Fessler L, Farajzadeh A, Sieber S, Cullati S, Boisgontier MP. Initial status and change in cognitive function mediate the association between academic education and physical activity in adults over 50 years of age. Psychol Aging 2023; 38:494-507. [PMID: 37166860 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Higher levels of academic education are associated with higher levels of physical activity throughout the lifespan. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Cognitive functioning is a potential mediator of this association because higher levels of education are associated with better cognitive function, which is related to greater engagement in physical activity. Here, we used large-scale longitudinal data from 105,939 adults 50 years of age or older (55% women) from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe to investigate whether initial status and change in cognitive function mediate the relationship between education and change in physical activity. Education and physical activity were self-reported. Cognitive function was assessed based on delayed recall and verbal fluency. Academic education was assessed at the first measurement occasion. The other measures were collected seven times between 2004 and 2019. The mediating role of cognitive function was tested using longitudinal mediation analyses combined with growth curve models. We found that higher levels of education were associated with higher levels and slower decreases in cognitive function, which in turn predicted a lower decrease in physical activity across time. These results support the presence of an indirect effect of education on physical activity trajectories by affecting the intercept and slope of cognitive function. Specifically, these findings suggest that both the initial status and change in cognitive function mediate the association between academic education and change in physical activity. In addition, results revealed that, across the aging process, differences in cognitive function and physical activity widen between the low and high educated. In other words, this study demonstrates the long-lasting effect of education on cognitive function and physical activity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech
| | - Ilyes Saoudi
- Laboratoire Sport et Environnement Social (SENS), Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activites Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Universite Grenoble Alpes
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Laboratoire Sport et Environnement Social (SENS), Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activites Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Universite Grenoble Alpes
| | - Layan Fessler
- Laboratoire Sport et Environnement Social (SENS), Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activites Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Universite Grenoble Alpes
| | - Ata Farajzadeh
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa
| | - Stefan Sieber
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne
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Zou L, Herold F, Ludyga S, Kamijo K, Müller NG, Pontifex MB, Heath M, Kuwamizu R, Soya H, Hillman CH, Ando S, Alderman BL, Cheval B, Kramer AF. Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance? J Sport Health Sci 2023; 12:568-591. [PMID: 37148971 PMCID: PMC10466196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance. To better understand those mechanisms, several studies have employed eye-based measures (e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades, pupillary measures such as pupil dilation, and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter) deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms. However, there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition science. Thus, this review aimed to address that gap in the literature. METHODS To identify eligible studies, we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23, 2022. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale, for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (for cross-sectional studies). RESULTS Our systematic review (n = 35 studies) offers the following main findings: (a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures; (b) the evidence that pupillometric measures, which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system, can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed; (c) physical training- or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system (operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are, in general, positively associated with cognitive performance improvements; (d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure of executive function (operationalized via antisaccade tasks); and (e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system (operationalized via spontaneous eye-blink rate). CONCLUSION This systematic review offers confirmation that eye-based measures can provide valuable insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that may drive positive associations between physical activity and fitness and measures of cognitive performance. However, due to the limited number of studies utilizing specific methods for obtaining eye-based measures (e.g., pupillometry, retinal vessel analysis, spontaneous eye blink rate) or investigating a possible dose-response relationship, further research is necessary before more nuanced conclusions can be drawn. Given that eye-based measures are economical and non-invasive, we hope this review will foster the future application of eye-based measures in the field of exercise-cognition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan
| | - Notger G Müller
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Matthew Heath
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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10
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Fessler L, Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Cullati S, Tessitore E, Craviari C, Luthy C, Hanna E, Meyer P, Orsholits D, Sarrazin P, Cheval B. Physical activity matters for everyone's health, but individuals with multimorbidity benefit more. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102265. [PMID: 37284656 PMCID: PMC10240419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimorbidity, defined as the presence of two or more chronic conditions, is increasingly prevalent and is a major contributor to ill health in old age. Physical activity (PA) is a key protective factor for health and individuals with multimorbidity could particularly benefit from engaging in PA. However, direct evidence that PA has greater health benefits in people with multimorbidity is lacking. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the associations between PA and health were more pronounced in individuals with (vs. without) multimorbidity. We used data from 121,875 adults aged 50 to 96 years (mean age = 67 ± 10 years, 55% women) enrolled in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Multimorbidity and PA were self-reported. Health indicators were assessed using tests and validated scales. Variables were measured up to seven times over a 15-year period. Confounder-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the moderating role of multimorbidity on the associations of PA with the levels and trajectories of health indicators across aging. Results showed that multimorbidity was associated with declines in physical, cognitive, and mental health, as well as poorer general health. Conversely, PA was positively associated with these health indicators. We found a significant interaction between multimorbidity and PA, revealing that positive associations between PA and health indicators were strengthened in people with multimorbidity - although this stronger association became less pronounced in advanced age. These findings suggest that the protective role of PA for multiple health indicators is enhanced in individuals with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layan Fessler
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Stefan Sieber
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tessitore
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Craviari
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Luthy
- Division of General Medical Rehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Hanna
- Division of General Medical Rehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Meyer
- Cardiology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Orsholits
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Forestier C, de Chanaleilles M, Bartoletti R, Cheval B, Chalabaev A, Deschamps T. Are trait self-control and self-control resources mediators of relations between executive functions and health behaviors? Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 67:102410. [PMID: 37665871 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated associations between executive functions (i.e., inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility) and individual differences in self-control and health behaviors. We examined whether executive functions predict physical activity, sedentary activity, and healthy and unhealthy diets, and whether trait self-control and self-control resources mediate these associations. Three hundred and eighty-five participants completed a questionnaire assessing trait self-control and self-control resources, physical activity, sedentary activity, and healthy and unhealthy diets. They also performed three randomly ordered cognitive tasks, a stop-signal task (i.e., inhibition), a letter memory task (i.e., updating), and a number-letter task (i.e., switching). Structural equation modeling revealed that self-control resources predicted positively physical activity (R2 = 0.08), negatively sedentary activity (R2 = 0.03) and positively healthy diet (R2 = 10). Moreover, trait self-control predicted positively healthy diet (R2 = 0.10) and negatively unhealthy diet (R2 = 0.19). Moreover, analyses revealed that switching significantly predicted self-control resources, and highlighted three totally mediated relations between this executive function and physical activity, sedentary activity and healthy diet. However, no evidence was found supporting associations between inhibition and updating, and health behaviors, or relations mediated by self-control for these executive functions. The findings suggest the importance of trait self-control and self-control resources for health behavior adoption and pave the way for studies exploring the role of the executive functions in an affective context. Open materials [https://osf.io/hpsjw/].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Forestier
- Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Nantes Université, Le Mans, Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thibault Deschamps
- Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Nantes Université, Le Mans, Nantes, France
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12
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Hutchinson JC, Jones L, Ekkekakis P, Cheval B, Brand R, Salvatore GM, Adler S, Luo Y. Affective Responses to Increasing- and Decreasing-Intensity Resistance Training Protocols. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2023; 45:121-137. [PMID: 36889325 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of an increasing-intensity (UP) and a decreasing-intensity (DOWN) resistance training protocol on affective responses across six training sessions. Novice participants (Mage 43.5 ± 13.7 years) were randomly assigned to UP (n = 18) or DOWN (n = 17) resistance training groups. Linear mixed-effects models showed that the evolution of affective valence within each training session was significantly moderated by the group (b = -0.45, p ≤ .001), with participants in the UP group reporting a decline in pleasure during each session (b = -0.82) and the DOWN group reporting an improvement (b = 0.97; ps < .001). Remembered pleasure was significantly higher in the DOWN group compared to the UP group (b = 0.57, p = .004). These findings indicate that a pattern of decreasing intensity throughout a resistance exercise session can elicit more positive affective responses and retrospective affective evaluations of resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin C Hutchinson
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA,USA
| | - Leighton Jones
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield,United Kingdom
| | | | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva,Switzerland
| | - Ralf Brand
- Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam,Germany
| | | | - Samantha Adler
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA,USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL,USA
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13
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Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Saoudi I, Fessler L, Farajzadeh A, Sieber S, Cullati S, Boisgontier MP. Physical activity mediates the effect of education on mental health trajectories in older age. J Affect Disord 2023; 336:64-73. [PMID: 37217099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Why people with lower levels of educational attainment have poorer mental health than people with higher levels can partly be explained by financial circumstances. However, whether behavioral factors can further explain this association remains unclear. Here, we examined the extent to which physical activity mediates the effect of education on mental health trajectories in later life. METHODS Data from 54,818 adults 50 years of age or older (55 % women) included in the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were analyzed using longitudinal mediation and growth curve models to estimate the mediating role of physical activity (baseline and change) in the association between education and mental health trajectories. Education and physical activity were self-reported. Mental health was derived from depressive symptoms and well-being, which were measured by validated scales. RESULTS Lower education was associated with lower levels and steeper declines in physical activity over time, which predicted greater increases in depressive symptoms and greater decreases in well-being. In other words, education affected mental health through both levels and trajectories of physical activity. Physical activity explained 26.8 % of the variance in depressive symptoms and 24.4 % in well-being, controlling for the socioeconomic path (i.e., wealth and occupation). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that physical activity is an important factor in explaining the association between low educational attainment and poor mental health trajectories in adults aged 50 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Ilyes Saoudi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Layan Fessler
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ata Farajzadeh
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stefan Sieber
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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14
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Chalabaev A, Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Saoudi I, Sniehotta FF. Beyond Individual Cognitions: Time for Intervention Science to Focus on Health Context and Audience. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:465-470. [PMID: 37076243 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Intervention science faces a hazardous paradox: on the one hand, vulnerable populations (eg, patients, people from low socioeconomic background, older adults) are those for whom adoption of healthy behaviors is most urgent; on the other hand, behavior change models are less predictive, and interventions less successful, in these populations. This commentary presents 4 reasons that may explain this issue: (1) research mostly focuses on what causes behavior and how to change it, at the expense of investigating among whom and under what conditions models are valid; (2) models put an undue emphasis on individual cognitions; (3) most studies are not conducted on vulnerable populations; and (4) most researchers are from high-income countries. Several avenues are proposed to address this issue: (1) providing a central place to the context and audience in health behavior change modelization, through collaborations with researchers from other disciplines and countries, and with members of the targeted audience; (2) better reporting samples' sociodemographic characteristics and increasing samples' diversity; and (3) using more rigorous and innovative designs (eg, powered randomized controlled trials, N-of-1 trials, intensive longitudinal studies). In conclusion, it becomes urgent to change the way we do research: the social utility and credibility of intervention science depend on it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva,Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Switzerland Department of Public Health, Social and Environmental Determinants of Health, Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), University of Geneva, Geneva,Switzerland
| | | | | | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Department of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, CPD, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim,Germany
- NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,United Kingdom
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15
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Sivaramakrishnan H, Quested E, Cheval B, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N. Predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sport programs: A social-ecological mixed-methods approach. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 37051802 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to identify acceptable and feasible opportunities to engage adults over 35 years in physical activity. Walking sports may be a potential means to engage adults in sport; however, there is limited evidence regarding appeal and feasibility to support its implementation and delivery. Using a two-step mixed-methods approach, we aimed (1) to quantitively identify significant predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sports and (2) to understand why and how these identified predictors may be contextually relevant to the target group. In phase one, 282 adults over 35 years (Mage = 46.08, SD = 9.75) without prior experience of walking sports completed an online questionnaire assessing personal, psychosocial, program-related, and environmental predictors, and intentions to participate in walking sports. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions showed that perceived health status, attitudes, subjective norms, and distance of venue were significant predictors of intentions. In phase two, interviews with a subset of 17 participants indicated that, when implementing walking sport programs, program labeling, fear of the unknown, and individual differences in the appeal of walking sport warrant consideration. Together, these findings offer insight into the complex interplay of personal, psychosocial, program-related, and environmental predictors of adults' intentions to participate in walking sports. Addressing these elements of a walking sport program would make such programs more appealing to potential participants, and ultimately, more feasible and sustainable to conduct in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsini Sivaramakrishnan
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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16
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Cheval B, Darrous L, Choi KW, Klimentidis YC, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Cullati S, Kutalik Z, Boisgontier MP. Genetic insights into the causal relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5310. [PMID: 37002254 PMCID: PMC10066390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and cognitive functioning are strongly intertwined. However, the causal relationships underlying this association are still unclear. Physical activity can enhance brain functions, but healthy cognition may also promote engagement in physical activity. Here, we assessed the bidirectional relationships between physical activity and general cognitive functioning using Latent Heritable Confounder Mendelian Randomization (LHC-MR). Association data were drawn from two large-scale genome-wide association studies (UK Biobank and COGENT) on accelerometer-measured moderate, vigorous, and average physical activity (N = 91,084) and cognitive functioning (N = 257,841). After Bonferroni correction, we observed significant LHC-MR associations suggesting that increased fraction of both moderate (b = 0.32, CI95% = [0.17,0.47], P = 2.89e - 05) and vigorous physical activity (b = 0.22, CI95% = [0.06,0.37], P = 0.007) lead to increased cognitive functioning. In contrast, we found no evidence of a causal effect of average physical activity on cognitive functioning, and no evidence of a reverse causal effect (cognitive functioning on any physical activity measures). These findings provide new evidence supporting a beneficial role of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Liza Darrous
- University for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, Department of Community Health, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- University for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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17
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Taylor A, Kong C, Zhang Z, Herold F, Ludyga S, Healy S, Gerber M, Cheval B, Pontifex M, Kramer AF, Chen S, Zhang Y, Müller NG, Tremblay MS, Zou L. Associations of meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines with cognitive difficulty and social relationships in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:42. [PMID: 36973804 PMCID: PMC10042421 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based 24-h movement behavior (24-HMB) guidelines have been developed to integrate recommendations for the time spent on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. For children and adolescents, these 24-HMB guidelines recommend a maximum of two hours of recreational screen time (as part of sedentary behavior), a minimum of 60 min per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and an age-appropriate sleep duration (9-11 h for 5 to 13-year-olds; 8-10 h for 14 to 17-year-olds). Although adherence to the guidelines has been associated with positive health outcomes, the effects of adhering to the 24-HMB recommendations have not been fully examined in children and adolescents with attention eficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Therefore, this study examined potential associations between meeting the 24-HMB guidelines and indicators of cognitive and social difficulties in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS Cross-sectional data on 3470 children and adolescents with ADHD aged between 6 and 17 years was extracted from the National Survey for Children's Health (NSCH 2020). Adherence to 24-HMB guidelines comprised screen time, physical activity, and sleep. ADHD-related outcomes included four indicators; one relating to cognitive difficulties (i.e., serious difficulties in concentrating, remembering, or making decisions) and three indicators of social difficulties (i.e., difficulties in making or keeping friends, bullying others, being bullied). Logistic regression was performed to determine the associations between adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and the cognitive and social outcomes described above, while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS In total, 44.8% of participants met at least one movement behavior guideline, while only 5.7% met all three. Adjusted logistic regressions further showed that meeting all three guidelines was associated with lower odds of cognitive difficulties in relation to none of the guidelines, but the strongest model included only screen time and physical activity as predictors (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.12-0.53, p < .001). For social relationships, meeting all three guidelines was associated with lower odds of difficulty keeping friends (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.21-0.97, p = .04) in relation to none of the guidelines. Meeting the guideline for screen time was associated with lower odds of being bullied (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.97, p = .04) in relation to none of the guidelines. While screen time only, sleep only and the combination of both were associated with lower odds of bullying others, sleep alone was the strongest predictor (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.76, p = .003) in relation to none of the guidelines. CONCLUSION Meeting 24-HMB guidelines was associated with reduced likelihood of cognitive and social difficulties in children and adolescents with ADHD. These findings highlight the importance of adhering to healthy lifestyle behaviors as outlined in the 24-HMB recommendations with regard to cognitive and social difficulties in children and adolescents with ADHD. These results need to be confirmed by longitudinal and interventional studies with a large sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyx Taylor
- School of Rehabilitation, Sport and Psychology, AECC University College, Bournemouth, BH5 2DF, UK
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory; The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Chuidan Kong
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory; The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory; The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sean Healy
- Community Health Academic Group, School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Pontifex
- Departments of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory; The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China.
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Maltagliati S, Sarrazin P, Isoard-Gautheur S, Pelletier L, Rocchi M, Cheval B. Automaticity mediates the association between action planning and physical activity, especially when autonomous motivation is high. Psychol Health 2023:1-17. [PMID: 36916020 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2188886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Action planning promotes physical activity (PA). However, mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood, as are the variables that moderate this link remain unexplored. To fill these gaps, we investigated whether automaticity mediated the association between action planning and PA, and whether autonomous motivation moderated this mediation. METHODS AND MEASURES PA was measured by accelerometry over seven days among a sample of 124 adults. Action planning, automaticity, and autonomous motivation were assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS Structural equation models revealed that automaticity mediated the association between action planning and PA (total effect, β = .29, p < .001) - action planning was associated with automaticity (a path, β = .47, p < .001), which in turn related to PA (b path, β = .33, p = .003). Autonomous motivation moderated the a path (β = .16, p = .035) - action planning was more strongly associated with automaticity when autonomous motivation was high (+1 standard-deviation [SD]) (unstandardized b = 0.77, p < .001) versus low (-1 SD) (b = 0.35, p = .023). CONCLUSION These findings not only support that action planning favors an automatic behavioral regulation, but also highlight that a high autonomous motivation toward PA may reinforce this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Kuang J, Zhong J, Yang P, Bai X, Liang Y, Cheval B, Herold F, Wei G, Taylor A, Zhang J, Chen C, Sun J, Zou L, Arnett JJ. Psychometric evaluation of the inventory of dimensions of emerging adulthood (IDEA) in China. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100331. [PMID: 36247406 PMCID: PMC9529670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Emerging adulthood (EA, age range between 18 to 29 years) is an important developmental stage that is characterized by marked social and psychological changes. Currently, its developmental features are quantified by the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) but a validated Chinese version of this questionnaire (IDEA-C) is lacking. Thus, this research, which consists of two consecutive studies, aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the translated IDEA in a Chinese sample of emerging adults. Method Firstly, a forward-backward translation of the IDEA-C scale was conducted. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed in Sample 1a (n = 2438), followed by structural validity test in Sample 1b (n = 2461). Concurrent validity and internal consistency were evaluated in Sample 1(n = 4899). Finally, test-retest reliability was tested in Sample 2 (n = 185). Then, the second study aimed to test the factor structure proposed by study 1 in the non-student sample (n = 2200) by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the second study also investigated whether the attainment of college education influenced the EA experience of non-student emerging adults in China. And the association was examined between the socioeconomic status of emerging adults and the subscales of IDEA. Results In the college sample, the IDEA-C scale presented a four-factor structure different from the original five-factor structure (χ2(190)=1116.84, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; SRMR = 0.039; RMSEA = 0.050 [90%CI=0.047-0.052]). In addition, IDEA-C exhibited good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.77), test-retest reliability (r>0.49, p < 0.01) and concurrent validity. And the CFA in non-student sample also showed an adequate fit indices (χ2(158) =710.10, p < 0.001, TLI=0.93, CFI=0.94, SRMR=0.038, RMSEA=0.04 [90%CI=0.037-0.040]) and an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.64) and test-retest reliability (r>0.43, p < 0.01). Conclusion The results of the present study confirmed that the Chinese version of the IDEA is found to be valid for measuring psychological characteristics of EA in Chinese-speaking samples of emerging adults.
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20
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Wang T, Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Zenko Z, Herold F, Ludyga S, Gerber M, Luo Y, Fessler L, G. M黮ler N, Zou L. Validation of the Chinese Version of the Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire (AFFEXX-C). International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/ijmhp.2023.028324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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21
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Maltagliati S, Sarrazin P, Fessler L, Lebreton M, Cheval B. Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits. J Sport Health Sci 2022:S2095-2546(22)00105-3. [PMID: 36334885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Layan Fessler
- University of Grenoble Alpes, SENS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Maël Lebreton
- Paris School of Economics, Paris 75014, France; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland.
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22
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Recksiedler C, Cheval B, Sieber S, Orsholits D, Stawski RS, Cullati S. Linking widowhood and later-life depressive symptoms: Do childhood socioeconomic circumstances matter? Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2159-2169. [PMID: 34494920 PMCID: PMC8901780 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1972930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Widowhood and adverse childhood socioeconomic circumstances (CSC) have both been linked to increased levels of depressive symptoms in old age. Beyond their independent impact on depressive symptoms, experiencing adverse CSC may also trigger a cascade of cumulative adversity and secondary stressors across the life course that shapes how individuals weather stressful life events later on.Method: We examine whether exposure to adverse CSC moderates the relationship between later-life widowhood and depressive symptoms using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004-2017).Results: Mixed-effects models revealed that both widowhood and adverse CSC were associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms among men and women. Associations between widowhood and depressive symptoms, however, were not moderated by CSC for both genders.Conclusion: Persisting differences in the levels of mental health in response to later-life widowhood did not further widen in the presence of disparities experienced early in the life course. This may reflect the life-altering impact of this age-normative, yet stressful life event across the social strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Recksiedler
- Department of Social Monitoring and Methodology, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Orsholits
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert S. Stawski
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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23
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Csajbók Z, Sieber S, Cullati S, Cermakova P, Cheval B. Physical activity partly mediates the association between cognitive function and depressive symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:414. [PMID: 36167692 PMCID: PMC9515096 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function, physical activity, and depressive symptoms are intertwined in later life. Yet, the nature of the relationship between these three variables is unclear. Here, we aimed to determine which of physical activity or cognitive function mediated this relationship. We used large-scale longitudinal data from 51,191 adults 50 years of age or older (mean: 64.8 years, 54.7% women) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Results of the longitudinal mediation analyses combined with autoregressive cross-lagged panel models showed that the model with physical activity as a mediator better fitted the data than the model with cognitive function as a mediator. Moreover, the mediating effect of physical activity was 8-9% of the total effect of cognitive function on depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that higher cognitive resources favor the engagement in physical activity, which contributes to reduced depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Csajbók
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stefan Sieber
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pavla Cermakova
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XSecond Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Cheval B, Boisgontier MP, Sieber S, Ihle A, Orsholits D, Forestier C, Sander D, Chalabaev A. Cognitive functions and physical activity in aging when energy is lacking. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:533-544. [PMID: 36052203 PMCID: PMC9424387 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in subjective energy availability and cognitive functions could explain the decrease in physical activity observed across aging. However, how these factors interact remains unknown. Based on the theory of effort minimization in physical activity (TEMPA), we hypothesized that cognitive functions may help older adults to maintain physical activity even when energy availability is perceived as insufficient. This study used data of 104,590 adults from 21 European countries, from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including 7 measurement occasions between 2004 and 2017. Cognitive functions were assessed with verbal fluency and delayed recall, using the verbal fluency test and the 10-word delayed recall test. Physical activity and subjective energy availability were self-reported. Results of linear mixed-effects models revealed that cognitive functions moderated the associations between subjective energy availability and physical activity. Moreover, as adults get older, cognitive functions became critical to engage in physical activity regardless the availability of perceived energy. Sensitivity and robustness analyses were consistent with the main results. These results suggest that cognitive functions may help older adults to maintain regular physical activity even when energy for goal pursuit becomes insufficient, but that the protective role of cognitive functions becomes critical at older age, irrespective of the state of perceived energy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-021-00654-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stefan Sieber
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Orsholits
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Forestier
- Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Maltagliati S, Sarrazin P, Isoard-Gautheur S, Rhodes RE, Boisgontier MP, Cheval B. I Sit but I Don't Know Why: Investigating the Multiple Precursors of Leisure-Time Sedentary Behaviors. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:548-563. [PMID: 34653348 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1877246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Precursors driving leisure-time sedentary behaviors remain poorly investigated, despite their detrimental consequences. This study aimed to investigate the predictive validity of controlled and automatic motivational precursors toward reducing sedentary behaviors and being physically active on leisure-time sedentary behaviors. The influence of demographic, physical, socio-professional, interpersonal, and environmental variables was also examined and compared with the associations of motivational precursors. Methods: 125 adults completed questionnaires measuring controlled motivational precursors (i.e., intentions, perceived competence), demographical (i.e., sex and age), physical (i.e., body mass index), and interpersonal (i.e., number of children) variables. Regarding automatic motivational precursors, habit strength and approach-avoidance tendencies were captured using the Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index and a manikin task. Time at work was computed as a socio-professional variable, days of the week and weather conditions were recorded as environmental precursors. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days and leisure time was identified using notebooks. Associations between the different precursors and the leisure-time sedentary behaviors were examined in linear mixed effect models. Results: Intention to be physically active and habit strength toward physical activity were negatively associated with leisure-time sedentary behaviors. Sex, body mass index, time at work, number of children, day of the week, and weather conditions were more strongly associated with leisure-time sedentary behaviors. Conclusion: Our findings show that, in comparison with other variables, the influence of motivational precursors on leisure-time sedentary behaviors is limited. This study supports the adoption of a broad-spectrum of precursors when predicting sedentary behaviors.
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26
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Jungo KT, Cheval B, Sieber S, Antonia van der Linden BW, Ihle A, Carmeli C, Chiolero A, Streit S, Cullati S. Life-course socioeconomic conditions, multimorbidity and polypharmacy in older adults: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271298. [PMID: 35917337 PMCID: PMC9345356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic conditions across the life course may contribute to differences in multimorbidity and polypharmacy in old age. However, whether the risk of multimorbidity changes during ageing and whether life-course socioeconomic conditions are associated with polypharmacy remain unclear. We investigated whether disadvantaged childhood socioeconomic conditions (CSCs) predict increased odds of multimorbidity and polypharmacy in older adults, whether CSCs remain associated when adjusting for adulthood socioeconomic conditions (ACSs), and whether CSCs and ACSs are associated cumulatively over the life course. We used data for 31,432 participants (multimorbidity cohort, mean [SD] age 66·2[9] years), and 21,794 participants (polypharmacy cohort, mean age 69·0[8.9] years) from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (age range 50–96 years). We used mixed-effects logistic regression to assess the associations of CSCs, ASCs, and a life-course socioeconomic conditions score (0–8; 8, most advantaged) with multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs taken daily). We found an association between CSCs and multimorbidity (reference: most disadvantaged; disadvantaged: odds ratio (OR) = 0·79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·70–0·90; middle: OR = 0·60; 95%CI 0·53–0·68; advantaged: OR = 0·52, 95%CI 0·45–0·60, most advantaged: OR = 0·40, 95%CI 0·34–0·48) but not polypharmacy. This multimorbidity association was attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for ASCs. The life-course socioeconomic conditions score was associated with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. We did not find an association between CSCs, life-course socioeconomic conditions, and change in odds of multimorbidity and polypharmacy with ageing. Exposure to disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions in childhood or over the entire life-course could predict multimorbidity in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES: Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette Wilhelmina Antonia van der Linden
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Aging Research Center and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Population Health Laboratory, #PopHealthLab, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES: Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Carmeli
- Population Health Laboratory, #PopHealthLab, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Chiolero
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory, #PopHealthLab, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- School of Global and Population Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sven Streit
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, #PopHealthLab, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Cullati S, Zou L, Ihle A, Kramer AF, Yu Q, Sander D, Boisgontier MP. Better Subjective Sleep Quality Partly Explains the Association Between Self-Reported Physical Activity and Better Cognitive Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:919-931. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity has been associated with better cognitive function and better sleep quality. Yet, whether the beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive function can be explained by an indirect pathway involving better sleep quality is unclear. Objective: To investigate whether sleep quality mediates the association between physical activity and cognitive function in adults 50 years of age or older. Methods: 86,541 community-dwelling European adults were included in the study. Physical activity and sleep quality were self-reported. Indicators of cognitive function (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency) were assessed using objective tests. All measures were collected six times between 2004 and 2017. The mediation was tested using multilevel mediation analyses. Results: Results showed that self-reported physical activity was associated with better self-reported sleep quality, which was associated with better performance in all three indicators of cognitive function, demonstrating an indirect effect of physical activity on cognitive function through sleep quality. The mediating effect of sleep quality accounted for 0.41%, 1.46%, and 8.88% of the total association of physical activity with verbal fluency, immediate recall, and delayed recall, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that self-reported sleep quality partly mediates the association between self-reported physical activity and cognitive function. These results need to be confirmed by device-based data of physical activity and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Liye Zou
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, China
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen University, China
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, China
| | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Baranyi G, Sieber S, Pearce J, Cullati S, Dibben C, Cheval B. Lower social participation partly explains the association between perceived neighbourhood crime and depressive symptoms in European adults aged 50 years or older: A longitudinal mediation analysis. Prev Med 2022; 155:106954. [PMID: 35065978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neighbourhood crime likely increases the risk of developing depression among older adults. However, little is known about the underlying behavioural and social pathways. We examined the association between perceived neighbourhood crime and depressive symptoms and whether this relationship was mediated by health behaviours (physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) and social participation. Furthermore, we explored differential vulnerability across age, gender, education and household wealth. Data were drawn from six waves of longitudinal data (from 2004/2005 to 2017) of approximately 15,000 adults aged 50 years and older, derived from the multi-national Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Perceived neighbourhood crime and covariates were measured at baseline, time-variant mediators and depressive symptoms across all waves. Confounder-adjusted mediator and outcome models were fitted with mixed-effects models. Total association was decomposed into direct and indirect pathways applying causal mediation analyses with Monte-Carlo simulations. Perceived crime was associated with higher risk of depressive symptoms; 4.6% of the effect was mediated via lower engagement in social activities (b = 0.005; 95% CI: 0.001-0.009). No mediation was detected through physical activity, smoking or alcohol consumption. Exploratory analyses revealed that the mediating role of social participation was more pronounced among participants with low household wealth (b = 0.012; 95% CI: 0.004-0.023; 7.3% mediated). Lower engagement in social activities partly explained the association between perceived neighbourhood crime and depressive symptoms in adults aged 50 years or older. Policies targeting disadvantaged communities to prevent crime and support social participation might be beneficial for population mental health, especially among financially vulnerable older residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Sieber
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jamie Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chris Dibben
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Chalabaev A, Sieber S, Sander D, Cullati S, Maltagliati S, Sarrazin P, Boisgontier MP, Cheval B. Early-Life Socioeconomic Circumstances and Physical Activity in Older Age: Women Pay the Price. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:212-223. [PMID: 35112576 PMCID: PMC9096459 DOI: 10.1177/09567976211036061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Health in older age is shaped by early-life socioeconomic circumstances (SECs) and sex. However, whether and why these factors interact is unclear. We examined a cultural explanation of this interaction by distinguishing cultural and material aspects of SECs in the context of physical activity-a major determinant of health. We used data from 56,331 adults between 50 and 96 years old from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), a 13-year, large-scale, population-based cohort. Confounder-adjusted logistic linear mixed-effects models showed an association between the cultural aspects of early-life SEC disadvantage and physical activity among women, but it was not consistently observed in men. Furthermore, these associations were compensated for only partially by adult-life socioeconomic trajectories. The material aspects of early-life SECs were not associated with adult-life physical activity. These findings highlight the need to distinguish different aspects of SECs because they may relate to health behaviors in diverse ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïna Chalabaev
- Laboratoire Sport et Environnement
Social (SENS), Université Grenoble Alpes,Aïna Chalabaev, Université Grenoble Alpes,
Laboratoire Sport et Environnement Social (SENS)
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in
Research “LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives,” University of
Geneva
| | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences,
University of Geneva,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion
Elicitation and Expression, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva
| | | | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Laboratoire Sport et Environnement
Social (SENS), Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Philippe Sarrazin
- Laboratoire Sport et Environnement
Social (SENS), Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa,
Canada
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences,
University of Geneva,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion
Elicitation and Expression, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva
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Cheval B, Csajbók Z, Formánek T, Sieber S, Boisgontier MP, Cullati S, Cermakova P. Association between physical-activity trajectories and cognitive decline in adults 50 years of age or older. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2021; 30:e79. [PMID: 35035880 PMCID: PMC8728586 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the associations of physical-activity trajectories with the level of cognitive performance and its decline in adults 50 years of age or older. Methods We studied 38729 individuals (63 ± 9 years; 57% women) enrolled in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity was self-reported and cognitive performance was assessed based on immediate recall, verbal fluency, and delayed recall. Physical-activity trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modelling and linear mixed effects models were used to investigate the associations between the trajectories and cognitive performance. Results The models identified two physical-activity trajectories of physical activity: constantly-high physical activity (N=27634: 71%) and decreasing physical activity (N=11095; 29%). Results showed that participants in the decreasing physical-activity group exhibited a lower level of cognitive performance compared to the high physical-activity group (immediate recall: ß=0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.92 to 0.95; verbal fluency: ß=0.98; 95% CI=0.97 to 0.98; delayed recall: ß=0.95; 95% CI=0.94 to 0.97). Moreover, compared with participants in the constantly-high physical-activity group, participants in the decreasing physical-activity group showed a steeper decline in all cognitive measures (immediate recall: ß=-0.04; 95% CI=-0.05 to -0.04; verbal fluency: ß=-0.22; 95% CI=-0.24 to -0.21; delayed recall: ß=-0.04; 95% CI=-0.05 to -0.04). Conclusions Physical-activity trajectories are associated with the level and evolution of cognitive performance in adults over 50 years. Specifically, our findings suggest that a decline in physical activity over multiple years is associated with a lower level and a steeper decline in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zsófia Csajbók
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Formánek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- EpiCentre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Sieber
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Carouge, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pavla Cermakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Cheval B, Cabral DAR, Daou M, Bacelar MFB, Parma JO, Forestier C, Orsholits D, Maltagliati S, Sander D, Boisgontier MP, Miller MW. Inhibitory control elicited by physical activity and inactivity stimuli: An electroencephalography study. Motivation Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1037/mot0000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yang P, Yu Q, Montag C, Becker B, Cheval B, Herold F, Delphine C, Li J, Szabo A, Zou L. Validation of the Chinese Version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R). Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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33
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Sieber S, Orsholits D, Cheval B, Ihle A, Kelly-Irving M, Delpierre C, Burton-Jeangros C, Cullati S. Social protection expenditure on health in later life in 20 European countries: Spending more to reduce health inequalities. Soc Sci Med 2021; 292:114569. [PMID: 34801334 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine whether higher social protection expenditure reduces the negative association of life-course socioeconomic disadvantages with subjective and objective health status and trajectories in later life. METHODS We used SHARE data from participants living in 20 European countries aged 50 to 96. Seven waves allowed to examine the trajectories of health inequalities in later life. We used linear mixed-effects models stratified by sex to examine the association between life-course socioeconomic disadvantage and subjective (self-rated health, SRH, N = 55,443) and objective (grip strength, N = 54,718) health. Cross-level interactions between net social protection expenditure as percentage of gross domestic product and life-course socioeconomic disadvantage tested for the moderating effect of social expenditures on the association of disadvantage with SRH and grip strength in later life. FINDINGS Higher social protection expenditure reduced socioeconomic health inequalities in both men and women for grip strength, and in women but not men for SRH. For SRH, the health-inequality-reducing effect of social protection expenditure became weaker with increasing age. This was not observed in grip strength. Some separate expenditure functions (disability, family and children) were found to have inequality-widening effects in men's and women's SRH, which were either offset or overcompensated by the other functions. No inequality-widening effects were observed in grip strength. INTERPRETATION Higher social spending reduces life-course socioeconomic inequalities in women's subjective health and in men's and women's objective health. However, some specific social protection policies may have the unintentional effect of increasing inequalities in people's evaluation of their own health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sieber
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Dan Orsholits
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Cyrille Delpierre
- Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Burton-Jeangros
- LIVES Centre, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Cheval B, Sieber S, Maltagliati S, Millet GP, Formánek T, Chalabaev A, Cullati S, Boisgontier MP. Muscle strength is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization in adults 50 years of age or older. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1136-1143. [PMID: 34363345 PMCID: PMC8426913 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weak muscle strength has been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Yet, whether individuals with weaker muscle strength are more at risk for hospitalization due to severe COVID-19 is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the independent association between muscle strength and COVID-19 hospitalization. METHODS Data from adults 50 years of age or older were analysed using logistic models adjusted for several chronic conditions, body-mass index, age, and sex. Hand-grip strength was repeatedly measured between 2004 and 2017 using a handheld dynamometer. COVID-19 hospitalization during the lockdown was self-reported in summer 2020 and was used as an indicator of COVID-19 severity. RESULTS The study was based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and included 3600 older adults (68.8 ± 8.8 years, 2044 female), among whom 316 were tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (8.8%), and 83 (2.3%) were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Results showed that higher grip strength was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 hospitalization [adjusted odds ratio (OR) per increase of 1 standard deviation in grip strength = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.45-0.87, P = 0.015]. Results also showed that age (OR for a 10 -year period = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.32-2.20, P < 0.001) and obesity (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.00-3.69, P = 0.025) were associated with higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Sensitivity analyses using different measurements of grip strength as well as robustness analyses based on rare-events logistic regression and a different sample of participants (i.e. COVID-19 patients) were consistent with the main results. CONCLUSIONS Muscle strength is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity in adults 50 years of age or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR ‘LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives’University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Tomáš Formánek
- Department of Public Mental HealthNational Institute of Mental HealthKlecanyCzech Republic
- EpiCentre, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health LaboratoryUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Readaptation and GeriatricsUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
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35
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Cheval B, Finckh A, Maltagliati S, Fessler L, Cullati S, Sander D, Friese M, Wiers RW, Boisgontier MP, Courvoisier DS, Luthy C. Cognitive-bias modification intervention to improve physical activity in patients following a rehabilitation programme: protocol for the randomised controlled IMPACT trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053845. [PMID: 34548372 PMCID: PMC8458354 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Being physically active is associated with a wide range of health benefits in patients. However, many patients do not engage in the recommended levels of physical activity (PA). To date, interventions promoting PA in patients mainly rely on providing knowledge about the benefits associated with PA to develop their motivation to be active. Yet, these interventions focusing on changing patients' conscious goals have proven to be rather ineffective in changing behaviours. Recent research on automatic factors (eg, automatic approach tendencies) may provide additional targets for interventions. However, the implementation and evaluation of intervention designed to change these automatic bases of PA are rare. Consequently, little is known about whether and how interventions that target automatically activated processes towards PA can be effective in changing PA behaviours. The Improving Physical Activity (IMPACT) trial proposes to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the effect of a cognitive-bias modification intervention aiming to modify the automatic approach towards exercise-related stimuli on PA among patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The IMPACT trial is a single-centre, placebo (sham controlled), triple-blinded, phase 3 randomised controlled trial that will recruit 308 patients enrolled in a rehabilitation programme in the Division of General Medical Rehabilitation at the University Hospital of Geneva (Switzerland) and intends to follow up them for up to 1 year after intervention. Immediately after starting a rehabilitation programme, patients will be randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive either the cognitive-bias modification intervention consisting of a 12-session training programme performed over 3 weeks or a control condition (placebo). The cognitive-bias modification intervention aims to improve PA levels through a change in automatic approach tendencies towards PA and sedentary behaviours. The primary outcome is the sum of accelerometer-based time spent in light-intensity, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity PA over 1 week after the cognitive-bias modification intervention (in minutes per week). Secondary outcomes are related to changes in (1) automatic approach tendencies and self-reported motivation to be active, (2) physical health and (3) mental health. Sedentary behaviours and self-reported PA will also be examined. The main time point of the analysis will be the week after the end of the intervention. These outcomes will also be assessed during the rehabilitation programme, as well as 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention for secondary analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Geneva Canton, Switzerland (reference number: CCER2019-02257). All participants will give an informed consent to participate in the study. Results will be published in relevant scientific journals and be disseminated in international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS The clinical trial was registered at the German clinical trials register (reference number: DRKS00023617); Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Finckh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Laboratory SENS, Department of Sport Science, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Layan Fessler
- Laboratory SENS, Department of Sport Science, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malte Friese
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Department of Psychology and center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christophe Luthy
- Division of General Medical Rehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Sarrazin P, Cullati S, Chalabaev A, Millet GP, Boisgontier MP, Cheval B. Muscle strength explains the protective effect of physical activity against COVID-19 hospitalization among adults aged 50 years and older. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2796-2803. [PMID: 34376100 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1964721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has been proposed as a protective factor for COVID-19 hospitalisation. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We examined the association between physical activity and COVID-19 hospitalisation and whether this relationship was explained by risk factors (chronic conditions, weak muscle strength). We used data from adults over 50 years from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The outcome was self-reported hospitalisation due to COVID-19, before August 2020. The main exposure was physical activity, self-reported between 2004 and 2017. Among the 3139 participants included (69.3 ± 8.5 years, 1763 women), 266 were tested positive for COVID-19, 66 were hospitalised. Logistic regression models showed that individuals who engaged in physical activity more than once a week had lower odds of COVID-19 hospitalisation than individuals who hardly ever or never engaged in physical activity (odds ratios = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.74, p = .004). This association between physical activity and COVID-19 hospitalisation was explained by muscle strength, but not by other risk factors. These findings suggest that, after 50 years, engaging in physical activity is associated with lower odds of COVID-19 hospitalisation. This protective effect of physical activity may be explained by muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR "Lives-overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives",University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#pophealthlab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Yu Q, Cheval B, Becker B, Herold F, Chan CCH, Delevoye-Turrell YN, Guérin SMR, Loprinzi P, Mueller N, Zou L. Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Face-Name Paired Paradigm: An fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070951. [PMID: 34356185 PMCID: PMC8305286 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Episodic memory (EM) is particularly sensitive to pathological conditions and aging. In a neurocognitive context, the paired-associate learning (PAL) paradigm, which requires participants to learn and recall associations between stimuli, has been used to measure EM. The present study aimed to explore whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be employed to determine cortical activity underlying encoding and retrieval. Moreover, we examined whether and how different aspects of task (i.e., novelty, difficulty) affects those cortical activities. Methods: Twenty-two male college students (age: M = 20.55, SD = 1.62) underwent a face-name PAL paradigm under 40-channel fNIRS covering fronto-parietal and middle occipital regions. Results: A decreased activity during encoding in a broad network encompassing the bilateral frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 9, 11, 45, and 46) was observed during the encoding, while an increased activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann area 11) was observed during the retrieval. Increased HbO concentration in the superior parietal cortices and decreased HbO concentration in the inferior parietal cortices were observed during encoding while dominant activation of left PFC was found during retrieval only. Higher task difficulty was associated with greater neural activity in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and higher task novelty was associated with greater activation in occipital regions. Conclusion: Combining the PAL paradigm with fNIRS provided the means to differentiate neural activity characterising encoding and retrieval. Therefore, the fNIRS may have the potential to complete EM assessments in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Becker
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave 2006, Chengdu 611731, China;
| | - Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Street 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.H.); (N.M.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research Group Neuroprotection, Leipziger Street 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Chetwyn C. H. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yvonne N. Delevoye-Turrell
- UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.N.D.-T.); (S.M.R.G.)
| | - Ségolène M. R. Guérin
- UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.N.D.-T.); (S.M.R.G.)
| | - Paul Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Notger Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Street 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (F.H.); (N.M.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research Group Neuroprotection, Leipziger Street 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Although the automatic attraction to effort minimization has been evidenced in multiple fields, its potential role in explaining the pandemic of physical inactivity has been overlooked. The theory of effort minimization in physical activity (TEMPA) fills this gap. TEMPA seeks to obtain a more accurate understanding of the neuropsychological determinants of movement-based behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Mongin D, Caparros AU, Gateau J, Gencer B, Alvero-Cruz JR, Cheval B, Cullati S, Courvoisier DS. Dynamical System Modeling of Self-Regulated Systems Undergoing Multiple Excitations: First Order Differential Equation Approach. Multivariate Behav Res 2021; 56:649-668. [PMID: 32363935 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2020.1754155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes a dynamical system modeling approach for the analysis of longitudinal data of self-regulated homeostatic systems experiencing multiple excitations. It focuses on the evolution of a signal (e.g., heart rate) before, during, and after excitations taking the system out of its equilibrium (e.g., physical effort during cardiac stress testing). Such approach can be applied to a broad range of outcomes such as physiological processes in medicine and psychosocial processes in social sciences, and it allows to extract simple characteristics of the signal studied. The model is based on a first order linear differential equation with constant coefficients defined by three main parameters corresponding to the initial equilibrium value, the dynamic characteristic time, and the reaction to the excitation. Assuming the presence of interindividual variability (random effects) on these three parameters, we propose a two-step procedure to estimate them. We then compare the results of this analysis to several other estimation procedures in a simulation study that clarifies under which conditions parameters are accurately estimated. Finally, applications of this model are illustrated using cardiology data recorded during effort tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mongin
- Quality of Care Division, Geneva University Hospitals
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva
| | - Adriana Uribe Caparros
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva
| | | | - Baris Gencer
- Cardiology Division, Geneva University Hospitals
| | - Jose Ramon Alvero-Cruz
- Department of Human physiology, histology, pathological anatomy and physical education, Malaga University, Andalucía Tech
| | - Boris Cheval
- Quality of Care Division, Geneva University Hospitals
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Quality of Care Division, Geneva University Hospitals
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva
- Swiss NCCR "Lives: Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva
| | - Delphine S Courvoisier
- Quality of Care Division, Geneva University Hospitals
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva
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Rahman K, Vandoni M, Cheval B, Asaduzzaman M, Hasan MN, Rahman ST. Exploring Two Pandemics in Academic Arena: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Profile of University Students in Bangladesh. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:358-371. [PMID: 34708825 PMCID: PMC8314348 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlay of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pandemic of physical inactivity has become a great concern. Both types of pandemics can decrease the health protection capacity and consequently increase complexity in human lives. This cross-sectional study intended to examine changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students in a second-tier city of Bangladesh. Two hundred and nine students responded to an online questionnaire administered via Google Survey. In addition to descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric tests for comparing means, medians and distributions were used to assess differences in activity traits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that the occurrence of COVID-19 has significantly reduced the practice of walking and physical activities among the students. They are commonly motivated by introjected regulation. Father's occupation and the type of family of a student have significant influences on the total physical activity in either situation. Bangladeshi university students have, particularly, been perceived as not generally used to vigorous physical activities. They are inactive compared to students from other countries. Thus, the public health policymakers and the corresponding authority should inspire the students to be more physically active by implementing different strategies such as increasing bicycling and walking facilities on the campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalidur Rahman
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh; (M.N.H.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- Assistant Registrar (Hematology), Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Nayeem Hasan
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh; (M.N.H.); (S.T.R.)
| | - Sabbir Tahmidur Rahman
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh; (M.N.H.); (S.T.R.)
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Maltagliati S, Rebar A, Fessler L, Forestier C, Sarrazin P, Chalabaev A, Sander D, Sivaramakrishnan H, Orsholits D, Boisgontier MP, Ntoumanis N, Gardner B, Cheval B. Evolution of physical activity habits after a context change: The case of COVID-19 lockdown. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 26:1135-1154. [PMID: 33822454 PMCID: PMC8250330 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Habits, defined as well‐learned associations between cues and behaviours, are essential for health‐related behaviours, including physical activity (PA). Despite the sensitivity of habits to context changes, little remains known about the influence of a context change on the interplay between PA habits and behaviours. We investigated the evolution of PA habits amidst the spring COVID‐19 lockdown, a major context change. Moreover, we examined the association of PA behaviours and autonomous motivation with this evolution. Design Three‐wave observational longitudinal design. Methods PA habits, behaviours, and autonomous motivation were collected through online surveys in 283 French and Swiss participants. Variables were self‐reported with reference to three time‐points: before‐, mid‐, and end‐lockdown. Results Mixed effect modelling revealed a decrease in PA habits from before‐ to mid‐lockdown, especially among individuals with strong before‐lockdown habits. Path analysis showed that before‐lockdown PA habits were not associated with mid‐lockdown PA behaviours (β = −.02, p = .837), while mid‐lockdown PA habits were positively related to end‐lockdown PA behaviours (β = .23, p = .021). Autonomous motivation was directly associated with PA habits (ps < .001) and withto before‐ and mid‐lockdown PA behaviours (ps < .001) (but not with end‐lockdown PA behaviours) and did not moderate the relations between PA behaviours and habits (ps > .072). Conclusion PA habits were altered, and their influence on PA behaviours was impeded during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Engagement in PA behaviours and autonomous motivation helped in counteracting PA habits disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Rebar
- Physical Activity Research Group, School of Human, Health and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Cyril Forestier
- Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, France
| | | | | | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hasmini Sivaramakrishnan
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Curtain, Australia
| | - Dan Orsholits
- Swiss NCCR 'LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Curtain, Australia.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, UK
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Sarrazin P, Cullati S, Chalabaev A, Millet GP, Boisgontier MP, Cheval B. Muscle Strength Explains the Protective Effect of Physical Activity against COVID-19 Hospitalization among Adults aged 50 Years and Older. medRxiv 2021:2021.02.25.21252451. [PMID: 33688683 PMCID: PMC7941660 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.25.21252451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity has been proposed as a protective factor for COVID-19 hospitalization. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Here, we examined the association between physical activity and COVID-19 hospitalization and whether this relationship was explained by other risk factors for severe COVID-19. METHOD We used data from adults aged 50 years and older from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The outcome was self-reported hospitalization due to COVID-19 measured before August 2020. The main exposure was usual physical activity, self-reported between 2004 and 2017. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS Among the 3139 participants included in the study (69.3 ± 8.5 years, 1763 women), 266 were tested positive for COVID-19 and 66 were hospitalized. Results showed that individuals who engaged in physical activity more than once a week had lower odds of COVID-19 hospitalization than individuals who hardly ever or never engaged in physical activity (odds ratios = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.74, p = .004). This association between physical activity and COVID-19 hospitalization was explained by muscle strength, but not by other risk factors. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, after 50 years of age, engaging in physical activity more than once a week is associated with lower odds of COVID-19 hospitalization. The protective effect of physical activity on COVID-19 hospitalization is explained by muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Sieber
- Swiss NCCR “LIVES–Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives”, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P. Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cheval B, Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Beran D, Chalabaev A, Sander D, Cullati S, Boisgontier MP. Why Are Individuals With Diabetes Less Active? The Mediating Role of Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive Factors. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:904-917. [PMID: 33491067 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the key role of physical activity in the management of diabetes, many individuals with diabetes do not engage in the recommended levels of physical activity. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between diabetes and physical inactivity is limited. PURPOSE To investigate the associations between diabetes and the levels and evolution of physical activity across aging, and to determine whether physical, emotional, and cognitive factors mediate these associations. METHODS Data from 105,622 adults aged 50-96 years from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used in adjusted linear mixed models to examine whether diabetes was associated with physical activity levels and variations across aging. The potential mediators were subjective energy, muscle strength, physical and cognitive disability, sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and cognitive functions. The variables were measured up to seven times over a 13-year period. RESULTS Individuals with diabetes demonstrated a lower level and a steeper decrease in physical activity across aging than individual without diabetes. Mediators explained ~53% and 94% of the association of diabetes with the level of physical activity and with the linear evolution of physical activity across aging, respectively. All mediators were significantly associated with physical activity. Physical and cognitive disability as well as depressive symptoms were the strongest mediators, while sleep was the lowest one. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the etiology of physical inactivity in individuals with diabetes can result from several physical, emotional, and cognitive changes associated with the emergence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives," University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | | | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Cheval B, Mongin D, Cullati S, Uribe A, Pihl-Thingvad J, Chopard P, Courvoisier DS. Associations of emotional burden and coping strategies with sick leave among healthcare professionals: A longitudinal observational study. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 115:103869. [PMID: 33517081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate 1) whether care-related regrets (regret intensity, number of recent regrets) are associated with sick leave, independently of personality traits, perceived safety climate, and physical activity; and 2) whether these associations were mediated or moderated by coping strategies. METHODS Using a longitudinal international observational study (ICARUS), data were collected by the means of a weekly web survey. Descriptive and generalized estimation equations were performed. RESULTS A total of 276 newly practicing healthcare professionals (nurses, physicians, others) from 11 countries were included in this study. The average proportion of weeks with at least one day of sick leave was 3.2%. Nurses' sick leave increased with number of care-related regrets (Relative Risk [RR]=1.52; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=[1.18; 1.95], p=.001), while physicians' sick leave increased with intensity of care-related regret (RR=1.21; 95%CI=[1.00; 1.21], p=.049). Coping was associated with lower risk of sick leave for nurses (RR problem-focused strategies = 0.53; 95%CI=[0.37; 0.74], p=.001, and RRphysical activity=0.68; 95%CI:[0.54; 0.85], p<.001), but not for physicians. Nevertheless, the association of regret with sick leave remained significant even when adjusting for coping. Finally, this study did not find evidence of moderation by the coping strategies. CONCLUSION Regrets are associated with increased risks of sick leave, even in young healthcare professionals. Use of coping strategies partially mediated these associations in nurses. The results of this study should be used to inform interventions to reduce emotional burdens and enhance protective coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Quality of Care Service, Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss NCCR "LIVES: Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Denis Mongin
- Quality of Care Service, Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Quality of Care Service, Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Uribe
- Quality of Care Service, Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jesper Pihl-Thingvad
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; National Center of Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Pierre Chopard
- Quality of Care Service, Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine S Courvoisier
- Quality of Care Service, Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Gobbi E, Maltagliati S, Sarrazin P, di Fronso S, Colangelo A, Cheval B, Escriva-Boulley G, Tessier D, Demirhan G, Erturan G, Yüksel Y, Papaioannou A, Bertollo M, Carraro A. Promoting Physical Activity during School Closures Imposed by the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Physical Education Teachers' Behaviors in France, Italy and Turkey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E9431. [PMID: 33339228 PMCID: PMC7767079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically reduced physical activity (PA) behaviors of many people. Physical education (PE) is considered one of the privileged instruments to promote youths' PA. We aimed to investigate the effects of lockdown on PE teachers' behaviors promoting their students' out-of-school PA and differences between three European countries. A sample of 1146 PE teachers (59.5% females) from France, Italy, and Turkey answered an online questionnaire about guiding students to engage in out-of-school PA, helping them to set PA goals, encouraging in self-monitoring PA, the pedagogical formats of these behaviors and feedback asked to students. RM-MANCOVAs were performed with a two-time (before and during the lockdown), three country (France, Italy, Turkey), two gender factorial design, using teaching years and perceived health as covariates. A significant multivariate main effect time × country × gender (p < 0.001) was reported for the behaviors promoting students' PA, with French and Italian teachers increasing some behaviors, while Turkish teachers showing opposite trends. Significant multivariate main effects time × country were found for formats supporting the behaviors (p < 0.001) and for asked feedback formats (p < 0.001). The massive contextual change imposed by lockdown caused different reactions in teachers from the three countries. Findings are informative for PA promotion and PE teachers' education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- School of Human Movement & Sport Sciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.M.); (P.S.); (G.E.-B.); (D.T.)
| | - Philippe Sarrazin
- School of Human Movement & Sport Sciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.M.); (P.S.); (G.E.-B.); (D.T.)
| | - Selenia di Fronso
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti and Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Colangelo
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35137 Padova, Italy;
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Géraldine Escriva-Boulley
- School of Human Movement & Sport Sciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.M.); (P.S.); (G.E.-B.); (D.T.)
| | - Damien Tessier
- School of Human Movement & Sport Sciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, SENS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.M.); (P.S.); (G.E.-B.); (D.T.)
| | - Giyasettin Demirhan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Gokce Erturan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pamukkale University, 20020 Denizli, Turkey;
| | - Yilmaz Yüksel
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hasan Dogan School of Physical Education and Sport, Karabük University, 78050 Karabük, Turkey
| | - Athanasios Papaioannou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti and Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen, Italy
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Ihle A, Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Haas M, Zuber S, Orsholits D, Cheval B, Sieber S, Cullati S, Kliegel M. Cognitive Reserve Mitigates Decline in Executive Functioning Following Hepatobiliary Diseases. Swiss Journal of Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The cognitive reserve hypothesis postulates that lifelong cognitive stimulation establishes a buffer that is instrumental in maintaining cognitive health. To examine this conceptual proposition in detail, we applied a novel, more general conceptual view that included recent models of vulnerability and examined whether the longitudinal association between hepatobiliary diseases and later decline in executive functioning across 6 years varied by cognitive reserve. For this purpose, we investigated longitudinal data from 897 older individuals ( M = 74.33 years) tested using the Trail Making Test (TMT) in two waves 6 years apart. Individuals reported information on key commonly used indicators of lifelong cognitive reserve build-up (i.e., education, work, and participation in leisure activity) and hepatobiliary diseases. The results revealed a significant interaction of hepatobiliary diseases with participation in leisure activity on latent change in executive functioning. Specifically, only in individuals with little (but not greater) participation in leisure activity did hepatobiliary diseases significantly predict a steeper decline in executive functioning over 6 years (i.e., increases in TMT finishing time). In conclusion, the unfavorable aftereffects of hepatobiliary diseases on a later decline in executive functioning seem to be mitigated in individuals who have built up greater cognitive reserve via participation in leisure activity during their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ihle
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Élvio R. Gouveia
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- LARSyS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Bruna R. Gouveia
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- LARSyS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
- Health Administration Institute, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Zuber
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Orsholits
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Demography and Socioeconomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, Department of Community Health, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Quality of Care Service, Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
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Cheval B, Sivaramakrishnan H, Maltagliati S, Fessler L, Forestier C, Sarrazin P, Orsholits D, Chalabaev A, Sander D, Ntoumanis N, Boisgontier MP. Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:699-704. [PMID: 33118469 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1841396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To assess whether changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour during the COVID-19 lockdown are associated with changes in mental and physical health. Observational longitudinal study. Participants living in France or Switzerland responded to online questionnaires measuring physical activity, physical and mental health, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Paired sample t-tests were used to assess differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour before and during lockdown. Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate associations between changes in physical activity and changes in mental and physical health during lockdown. 267 (wave1) and 110 participants (wave2; 2 weeks later) were recruited. Lockdown resulted in higher time spent in walking and moderate physical activity (~10min/day) and in sedentary behaviour (~75min/day), compared to pre COVID-19. Increased physical activity during leisure time from week 2 to week 4 of lockdown was associated with improved physical health (β=.24, p=.002). Additionally, an increase in sedentary behaviour during leisure time was associated with poorer physical health (β=-.35, p=.002), mental health (β=-.25, p=.003), and subjective vitality (β=-.30, p=.004). Ensuring sufficient levels of physical activity and reducing sedentary time can play a vital role in helping people to cope with a major stressful event, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hamsini Sivaramakrishnan
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Department of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Orsholits
- Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - David Sander
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Department of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Boisgontier MP, Cheval B, Schmidt J. Daily Life Physical Activity and Concussion Symptoms in Adolescents. Can J Occup Ther 2020; 87:364-371. [PMID: 32878454 DOI: 10.1177/0008417420953228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Concussion is a common injury in an adolescent population with up to 30% experiencing persistent symptoms. Rehabilitation programs that include aerobic exercises can reduce persistent postconcussion symptoms. However, it is unclear if daily life physical activities can also reduce symptoms. PURPOSE. To investigate whether the level of daily life physical activity reduces postconcussion symptoms in the adolescent population. METHODS. Ten adolescents aged 11-18 years with a concussion self-reported their postconcussion symptoms and level of physical activity during the first, third, and sixth months after injury. The extent to which physical activity explained postconcussion health was analyzed using linear mixed-effects modeling. FINDINGS. Higher levels of daily life physical activity were associated with fewer somatic and cognitive symptoms. IMPLICATIONS. These findings suggest that daily life physical activity, including engagement in sports, physical education, or active games, should be encouraged by occupational therapists to promote concussion recovery.
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Jungo KT, Cheval B, Sieber S, van der Linden BWA, Ihle A, Carmeli C, Chiolero A, Streit S, Cullati S. Life course socioeconomic conditions, multimorbidity and polypharmacy in older adults. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many older adults have multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity). With multimorbidity often comes the concurrent intake of multiple medications (polypharmacy). Our aims were to assess if childhood socioeconomic conditions (CSC) are associated with multimorbidity and polypharmacy in older adults, and how these associations change when adjusting for adulthood socioeconomic conditions (ASC).
We used data from the European longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement (SHARE), which follows individuals aged 50 years and over in 27 countries since 2004. We analysed data from 35,229 individuals with multimorbidity (mean age: women=64.1, men=65.4) and 20,757 individuals with polypharmacy (mean age: women=69.2, men=70.2). Multimorbidity was defined as 2 or more self-reported chronic conditions and polypharmacy as the intake of 5 or more medications. Confounder-adjusted multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyse associations of CSC (5 categories: most disadvantaged-most advantaged) and ASC with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. All analyses were adjusted for country, age, weight, alcohol consumption, smoking status and physical exercise. In addition, we adjusted the polypharmacy model with the number of chronic conditions, mental health, activities of daily living and living situation. We stratified the analyses by sex.
34% of women had multimorbidity and 26% received polypharmacy. In men, these percentages were 34% and 28%. All categories of CSC (except for disadvantaged CSC in men) were associated with multimorbidity. In both sexes, a higher advantage was associated with lower odds of multimorbidity. In women, advantaged and most advantaged CSC were associated with lower odds of polypharmacy (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.89; OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.24-0.94). In men, CSC were not associated with polypharmacy. ASC attenuated the association of CSC with multimorbidity among women, but CSC remained associated. In men, CSC were attenuated after adjusting for ASC.
Key messages
Lower childhood socioeconomic conditions increase the odds of having multiple chronic conditions in older adults. In women, the odds of polypharmacy are marginally linked with CSC. Less disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions in adulthood may allow for compensating a more disadvantaged start in life, particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Jungo
- Institute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Sieber
- Swiss NCCR, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Demography and Socioeconomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B W A van der Linden
- CIGEV, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Aging Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A Ihle
- Swiss NCCR, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIGEV, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Carmeli
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Chiolero
- Institute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - S Streit
- Institute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Boisgontier MP, Orsholits D, von Arx M, Sieber S, Miller MW, Courvoisier D, Iversen MD, Cullati S, Cheval B. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Depressive Symptoms, Functional Dependence, and Physical Activity: A Moderated Mediation Model. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:790-799. [PMID: 32698122 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, and functional dependence are interrelated. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. The authors investigated the potential of depressive symptoms to mediate the effect of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence in older age and whether physical activity moderated this mediation. METHOD Data from 25,775 adults aged 62 (9) years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were used in adjusted linear mixed-effects models to test whether depressive symptoms mediated the associations between adverse childhood experiences and functional dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) and whether physical activity moderated these mediations. RESULTS The results showed a graded association between the number of adverse childhood experiences (0 vs 1 and 0 vs ≥2) and the number of functional limitations in both ADL (bs = 0.040 and 0.067) and IADL (bs = 0.046 and 0.076). These associations were mediated by depressive symptoms. Physical activity reduced the effect of adverse childhood experiences on depressive symptoms (bs = -0.179 and -0.515) and tempered the effect of depressive symptoms on functional dependence both in ADL (b = -0.073) and IADL (b = -0.100). As a result of these reductions, the effect of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms on functional dependence in ADL (Ps > .081) and IADL (Ps > .528) was nonsignificant in physically active participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, after age 50, engaging in physical activity more than once a week protects functional independence from the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences and depression. In inactive individuals, the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence are mediated by depressive symptoms.
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