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van de Vyver M, Benecke RM, van den Heuvel L, Kruger MJ, Powrie Y, Seedat S, Smith C. Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by functional dysregulation of dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie 2024; 225:10-18. [PMID: 38719136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Incidence of mental health disorders are rising in modernity, with psychological stress linked to a propensity for developing various chronic diseases due to a relative inability of the body to counter the allostatic load on cellular level. Despite these high rates of comorbidities associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is still a lack of understanding in terms of the peripheral effects of PTSD on tissue level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to profile basal dermal fibroblast functional status in PTSD using a wide range of markers involved in the cell-to-cell communication facilitated by fibroblasts. Primary dermal fibroblasts derived from patients diagnosed with PTSD (n = 11) and matched trauma exposed controls (i.e. who did not develop PTSD, n = 10) were cultured using standard techniques. The patients and controls were matched based on age, sex, body-mass index (BMI) and lifestyle. The growth rate, population doubling time, cell surface marker expression (CD31, FNDC5) (flow cytometry), secretome (TIMP-2, MMP-9) (ELISAs), intracellular signalling capacity (Fluo-4 Ca2+ flux) and gene expression (IL-6, IL-10, PTX-3, iNOS, Arg1) were compared between groups. The data illustrated significant PTSD-associated fibroblast conditioning resulting in a blunted signalling capacity. This observation highlights the importance of including tissue-specific investigations in future studies focused on elucidating the association between PTSD and subsequent risk for somatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van de Vyver
- Experimental Medicine Research Group, Division Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - R M Benecke
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M J Kruger
- Experimental Medicine Research Group, Division Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Y Powrie
- Experimental Medicine Research Group, Division Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - S Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Experimental Medicine Research Group, Division Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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Mehdi S, Wani SUD, Krishna K, Kinattingal N, Roohi TF. A review on linking stress, depression, and insulin resistance via low-grade chronic inflammation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101571. [PMID: 37965066 PMCID: PMC10641573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a disturbance in homeostasis caused by psychological, physiological, or environmental factors. Prolonged reactions to chronic stress can be detrimental, resulting in various metabolic abnormalities, referred to as metabolic syndrome (MS). There is a reciprocal increased risk between MS and major depressive disorder. Recent studies established an association between inflammation and insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression. In the present review, we discuss chronic low-grade inflammation, pathways of insulin resistance, and brain glucose metabolism in the context of neuroinflammation and depression. Specific attention is given to psychotropic drugs such as bupropion, mirtazapine, and nefazodone, anti-inflammatory drugs like Celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor), Etanercept, adalimumab, IL-4Ra antagonist, Anti-IL- 17A antibody (Ixekizumab) and lifestyle modifications including exercise, dietary changes, and sleep hygiene. These therapeutic solutions offer potential in treating depression by targeting metabolic conditions like insulin resistance and inflammatory pathways. The article further explains the significance of a nutrition and antioxidants-rich diet, emphasizing the role of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, zinc, and polyphenols, to improve immunity and activate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mehdi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - K.L. Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Nabeel Kinattingal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Tamsheel Fatima Roohi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
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Does Better Diet Quality Offset the Association between Depression and Metabolic Syndrome? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041060. [PMID: 36839420 PMCID: PMC9962849 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that depression increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is often exacerbated by the fact that both exist concurrently. People with depression are more likely to have unhealthy eating habits, which can eventually trigger the development of MetS. This study was to investigate whether diet quality modifies the association between depression and MetS in a total of 13,539 Korean adults aged 19 to 80 from 2014, 2016 and 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and subjects were divided into subgroups according to the PHQ-9 scores: normal (<5), mild (5-9), and moderate-to-severe (≥10) groups. Diet quality was measured by the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). A complex sample multiple logistic regression stratified by tertiles of KHEI scores was used to explore whether diet quality modifies an association between depression severity and metabolic syndrome. Depression severity was positively associated with the risk of MetS (p trend = 0.006) after adjustment for potential confounders. Only the lowest diet quality, moderately-to-severely depressed group, showed a higher risk of MetS (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.24-2.40) compared to the normal group. Our results suggest that healthy diet quality could offset the positive relationship between depression and MetS in the general Korean adult population. Encouraging a healthy diet regime can improve not only physical health but also the mental state of the general public.
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Skogberg N, Castaneda AE, Agyemang C, Koponen P, Lilja E, Laatikainen T. The association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with the metabolic syndrome and its components among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin adults in Finland: A population-based study. J Psychosom Res 2022; 159:110944. [PMID: 35605441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been reported, however there is little information on these among migrant origin populations. The aim of this study was to examine these associations among diverse migrant origin populations in Finland. METHODS Data of 318 Russian, 212 Somali, and 321 Kurdish origin participants in the cross-sectional Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu) aged 30-64 years was used. The general population reference group constituted of 786 Health 2011 Survey participants. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured with HSCL-25 subscales. Harmonized definition of MetS was used. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were associated with elevated blood pressure in Kurdish origin (30.1%, 95% CI 22.7-38.8 vs. 19.9%, 95%CI 15.4-25.4 for those with and without symptoms respectively); and elevated waist circumference (72.1%, 95%CI 56.9-83.5 vs. 55.0%, 95%CI 50.6-59.4) and triglycerides (30.8%, 95%CI 16.0-51.0 vs. 11.9%, 95%CI 9.3-15.0) in general population. Anxiety symptoms were associated with MetS (47.0%, 95%CI 37.6-56.7 vs. 31.9%, 95%CI 26.7-37.6) and elevated blood pressure (37.2%, 95%CI 28.3-46.9 vs. 18.8%, 95%CI 14.7-23.6), and with elevated triglycerides in Somali origin (33.0%, 95%CI 14.5-59.0 vs. 5.7%, 95%CI 3.3-9.6) and general population (30.2%, 95%CI 16.4-48.8, 12.8%, 95%CI 9.9-16.2). No associations between low HDL-cholesterol and depressive or anxiety symptoms were observed. CONCLUSION Cardiometabolic health should be taken into account in mental health services. Future studies should explore the underlying pathways to the observed differences in strengths of associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with MetS and its components across diverse migrant origin populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Skogberg
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anu E Castaneda
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Päivikki Koponen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lilja
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland; Joint municipal authority for social and health services (Siun sote), Joensuu, Finland
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Zhang M, Chen J, Yin Z, Wang L, Peng L. The association between depression and metabolic syndrome and its components: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:633. [PMID: 34903730 PMCID: PMC8668963 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggested a bidirectional correlation between depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. However, the causal associations between them remained unclear. We aimed to investigate whether genetically predicted depression is related to the risk of MetS and its components, and vice versa. We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using summary-level data from the most comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression (n = 2,113,907), MetS (n = 291,107), waist circumference (n = 462,166), hypertension (n = 463,010) fasting blood glucose (FBG, n = 281,416), triglycerides (n = 441,016), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, n = 403,943). The random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was applied as the primary method. The results identified that genetically predicted depression was significantly positive associated with risk of MetS (OR: 1.224, 95% CI: 1.091-1.374, p = 5.58 × 10-4), waist circumference (OR: 1.083, 95% CI: 1.027-1.143, p = 0.003), hypertension (OR: 1.028, 95% CI: 1.016-1.039, p = 1.34 × 10-6) and triglycerides (OR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.060-1.163, p = 9.35 × 10-6) while negative associated with HDL-C (OR: 0.932, 95% CI: 0.885-0.981, p = 0.007) but not FBG (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 0.986-1.034, p = 1.34). No causal relationships were identified for MetS and its components on depression risk. The present MR analysis strength the evidence that depression is a risk factor for MetS and its components (waist circumference, hypertension, FBG, triglycerides, and HDL-C). Early diagnosis and prevention of depression are crucial in the management of MetS and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jing Chen
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Zhiqun Yin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, No.964 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Changchun City, 130026 Jilin Province China
| | - Lanbing Wang
- Division of medical affairs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Miller AP, Espinosa da Silva C, Ziegel L, Mugamba S, Kyasanku E, Malyabe RB, Wagman JA, Mia Ekström A, Nalugoda F, Kigozi G, Nakigozi G, Kagaayi J, Watya S, Kigozi G. Construct validity and internal consistency of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression screening measure translated into two Ugandan languages. PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:100002. [PMID: 35187539 PMCID: PMC8855962 DOI: 10.1016/j.psycom.2021.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Uganda, depression is a major public health issue because of its direct disease burden and as a risk factor and co-morbidity for other pervasive health issues. Psychometric assessment of translated depression measures is critical to public health planning to ensure proper screening, surveillance, and treatment of depression and related outcomes. We examined aspects of the validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) translated into Luganda and Runyoro in a large population-based cohort of Ugandan adolescents and adults. METHODS Data from the ongoing open cohort AMBSO Population Health Surveillance study were analyzed from the Wakiso and Hoima districts in Uganda. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the overall sample and stratified by translated language. Construct validity was assessed for each translated scale using confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data. The internal consistency of each translated scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega total and omega hierarchical. RESULTS Compared to the Runyoro-speaking subsample from Hoima (n=2297), participants in the Luganda-speaking subsample from Wakiso (n=672) were older (27 vs 21 years, p < 0.01) and a greater proportion were female (62% vs. 55%, p < 0.01). The Luganda-translated PHQ-9 had a sample mean of 3.46 (SD=3.26), supported a single-factor structure (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.96, TLI=0.94), and demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.73, McDonald's omega total=0.76, McDonald's omega hierarchical=0.53). The Runyoro-translated PHQ-9 had a comparable sample mean of 3.58 (SD=3.00), also supported a one-factor structure (RMSEA=0.08, CFI=0.92, TLI=0.90), and demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.72, McDonald's omega total=0.76, McDonald's omega hierarchical=0.57). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings indicate that the Luganda and Runyoro translations of the PHQ-9 had satisfactory construct validity and internal consistency in our sample of Ugandan adolescents and adults. Future studies should expand on this promising work by assessing additional psychometric characteristics of these translated measures in other communities in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P. Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Amanda P Miler
| | - Cristina Espinosa da Silva
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- San Diego State University, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leo Ziegel
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Mugamba
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project (MUWRP), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emma Kyasanku
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Robert B. Malyabe
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Jennifer A. Wagman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Mia Ekström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fred Nalugoda
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Grace Kigozi
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Gertrude Nakigozi
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Josehp Kagaayi
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Stephen Watya
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Kigozi
- Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO), Uro Care Limited, Wakiso District, Uganda
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Selten JP, Termorshuizen F, van Sonsbeek M, Bogers J, Schmand B. Migration and dementia: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies in Europe. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1838-1845. [PMID: 32264980 PMCID: PMC8381287 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide an overview of epidemiological studies of dementia among migrant groups in Europe and to estimate their pooled odds ratio (OR) v. the reference population. METHODS Search for articles reporting on incidence or prevalence of dementia among ethnic minorities and migrants in Europe, published before 21 December 2018. We performed several meta-analyses, using a random-effects model, and, when there was no evidence of heterogeneity, a fixed-effects model. We distinguished between all migrants, African-Europeans and Asian-Europeans. RESULTS We retrieved five population-based surveys and two health care record studies. The latter included one incidence study, the remainder were prevalence studies. The meta-analysis of all studies yielded a pooled OR, adjusted for age and sex, of 1.73 (95% CI 1.42-2.11) for dementia in all migrant groups. However, the pooled OR of population surveys (3.10; 95% CI 2.12-4.51) was significantly higher than that for the health care record studies (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.80-1.11). The pooled ORs for African-Europeans and Asian-Europeans, based on population surveys, were 2.54 (95% CI 1.70-3.80) and 5.36 (95% CI 2.78-10.31), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy between health care record studies and population surveys suggests that many migrants remain undiagnosed. Migrants from Asia and Africa seem to be at significantly increased risk of dementia in Europe. Since the prevalence rates in their countries of origin are generally not higher than those for natives in Europe, there may be a parallel with the epidemiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Selten
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Termorshuizen
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Bogers
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Schmand
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Megan Berthold S, Bermudez-Millan A, Buckley T, Buxton OM, Feinn R, Kong S, Kuoch T, Scully M, Seng K, Wagner J. Social disconnection and metabolic syndrome score among Cambodian Americans with depression. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 175:108792. [PMID: 33872632 PMCID: PMC8254938 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Migrants experience social disconnection and also have high risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study explored associations of social alienation, social isolation, and social support with MetS among Cambodian Americans. METHODS We conducted secondary data analysis on baseline assessments from a diabetes prevention trial for Cambodian Americans with depression and high risk for diabetes. Participants were aged 35-75, Cambodian or Cambodian-American, Khmer speaking, lived in Cambodia during the Pol Pot regime, lived in the northeastern U.S. at the time of study, endorsed elevated risk factors for diabetes and met criteria for depression by medication for depression and/or elevated depressive symptoms. They completed surveys and provided anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and fasting blood samples. RESULTS In multiple linear regressions, greater social alienation was associated with increased risk for MetS. The social alienation-MetS association was stronger in men than women. Associations were not better accounted for by crude indicators of social isolation such as marital status, living alone, and number of people in the household. Social support was not associated with MetS and did not buffer the deleterious association between social alienation and MetS. CONCLUSIONS Decreasing social alienation may mitigate risk for MetS among migrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Megan Berthold
- University of Connecticut School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Thomas Buckley
- University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Sengly Kong
- Khmer Health Advocates, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - Mary Scully
- Khmer Health Advocates, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Kagnica Seng
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA
| | - Julie Wagner
- Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Moradi Y, Albatineh AN, Mahmoodi H, Gheshlagh RG. The relationship between depression and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 7:4. [PMID: 33648597 PMCID: PMC7923824 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-021-00117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The link between metabolic syndrome and depression has always been controversial. Different studies that have examined the relationship between metabolic syndrome and depression have reported different results. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the association between depression and MetS by meta-analysis. METHODS Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and ISI were searched for publications in English from January 1990 to February 2020. Search included cohort and cross-sectional studies aimed at examining the association between depression and MetS. The risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity and publication bias were tested, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted. RESULTS 49 studies with total sample size 399,494 were analyzed. Results indicated the odds of MetS was higher in depressed compared to non-depressed individuals [OR: 1.48; 95 %CI: 1.33-1.64) vs. (OR: 1.38; 95 %CI: 1.17-1.64)]. For cross-sectional studies, depressed patients in Europe (OR = 1.35; 95 %CI: 1.47-1.99) were at higher odds of MetS compared to those in America and Asia. For cohort studies, depressed patients in America (OR = 1.46; 95 %CI: 1.16-1.84) were at higher odds of MetS than those in Europe. Cross-sectional studies indicated women with depression were at higher odds of MetS (OR = 1.95; 95 %CI: 1.38-2.74) compared to men. In both types of studies, the odds of MetS decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome is more common in depressed compared to non-depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmed N Albatineh
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hassan Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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