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Jacobs W, Lu W, McDonald A, Yang JS. Human Capital Development Factors and Black Adolescent Tobacco and Cannabis Use. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1447-1454. [PMID: 37075137 PMCID: PMC10347968 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the association of four domains of human capital development (cognitive development, social and emotional development, physical health, and mental health) and exclusive and concurrent tobacco and cannabis use (TCU) among black youth. AIMS AND METHODS Nationally representative annual cross-sectional data for black adolescents (12-17 years; N = 9017) in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2015-2019 were analyzed. Analyses examined the influence of human capital factors (cognitive development, social and emotional development, physical health, and mental health) on exclusive and concurrent TCU. RESULTS In total, 50.4% were males; prevalence of 12-month tobacco use fluctuated insignificantly between 5.6% and 7.6% across survey years. Similarly, prevalence of 12-month cannabis use remained relatively stable around 13%, with no significant linear change. Prevalence of concurrent TCU also fluctuated insignificantly between 3.5% and 5.3%. Investment in cognitive development decreased the odds of tobacco (aOR = 0.58, p < .001), cannabis (aOR = 0.64, p < .001), and concurrent tobacco and cannabis (aOR = 0.58, p < .001) use. Similarly, investment in social and emotional development reduced the odds of tobacco (aOR = 086, p < .001), cannabis (aOR = 0.83, p < .001), and concurrent tobacco and cannabis (aOR = 0.81, p < .001) use. Good physical health reduced the odds of tobacco (aOR = 0.52, p < .1), cannabis (aOR = 0.63, p < .05), and concurrent TCU (aOR = 0.54, p < .05). Major depressive episodes increased the likelihood of cannabis use (aOR = 1.62, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Investment in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of human capital development, and physical health among black youth is protective against TCU. Efforts to sustain human capital development among black adolescents may contribute to reducing TCU disparities. IMPLICATIONS This is one of few studies to examine human capital development factors and their associations with TCU among black youth. Efforts to eliminate tobacco/cannabis-related disparities among black youth should also invest in social, emotional, cognitive, and physical health development opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wura Jacobs
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Wenhua Lu
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea McDonald
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Prairie View A and M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | - Joshua S Yang
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
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Lawrence TI, Mcfield AA. Does Conduct, Oppositional Defiant, and Panic Disorder Symptoms Associate with Suicidal Ideations Among African American Adolescents? JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1179-1189. [PMID: 36439662 PMCID: PMC9684375 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that mental illness symptoms among adolescents, such as conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and panic disorder symptoms often associate with suicidal ideations. Despite this, few studies have examined whether these mental illness symptoms associate with suicidal ideations among African American adolescents. To address these limitations, the current study examined whether conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and panic disorder symptoms associated with suicidal ideations (N = 261). Using binominal logistic regression, results suggest that conduct disorder symptoms were associated with a higher likelihood of endorsing suicidal ideations than oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. Finally, panic disorder symptoms and gender differences were not associated with suicidal ideations. Preventive efforts and psychotherapy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I. Lawrence
- Prairie View, A&M University, P. O Box 519 MS, 100 University Dr, Prairie View, Texas 77446 USA
| | - Ariel A. Mcfield
- Psychology Department , University of Texas Permian Basin, 4901 E University Blvd, Odessa, TX 79762 USA
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Yusuf HE, Copeland-Linder N, Young AS, Matson PA, Trent M. The Impact of Racism on the Health and Wellbeing of Black Indigenous and Other Youth of Color (BIPOC Youth). Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2022; 31:261-275. [PMID: 35361364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Black, Indigenous, and other Youth of Color (BIPOC youth) experience racism from a young age. These experiences have both immediate and long-term impacts on their health and wellbeing. Systemic racism contributes to the inequitable distribution of health resources and other social determinants of health, creating barriers to accessing care. Substance use disorders and sexual/nonsexual risk behaviors have been linked to experiences of racism in BIPOC youth. The legacy of generational racial trauma can frame behaviors and attitudes in the present, undermining health and survival in this group. BIPOC youth also face difficulties navigating spheres characterized as white spaces. Ethnic-racial socialization may promote resilience and help with coping in the context of racial stress. While many professional health organizations have embraced dismantling racism, a shift in the narrative on racial values will be critical for preventing adversity and achieving health equity for BIPOC youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasiya E Yusuf
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 200 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Nikeea Copeland-Linder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrea S Young
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg 12 N, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Pamela A Matson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 200 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maria Trent
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 200 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Abstract
Methods to prevent substance use disorders (SUDs) act on the individual risk factors for addiction. Most adults with SUD initiated substance use during their teenage years, so preventive interventions during adolescence are critical. Antisubstance use messaging, routine screening, and pathways for referral to treatment can be extended into all settings whereby trusted adults interact with adolescents such as sports, mentoring programs, child protective services, and juvenile justice settings. Pediatric primary care is an ideal place to incorporate preventive counseling and screening for substance use. Evidence-based technologic interventions for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah F Nelson
- Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elissa R Weitzman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sharon Levy
- Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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El-Sheikh M, Zeringue MM, Saini EK, Fuller-Rowell TE, Yip T. Discrimination and adjustment in adolescence: The moderating role of sleep. Sleep 2021; 45:6366353. [PMID: 34495321 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined multiple actigraphy-based sleep parameters as moderators of associations between experiences of general and racial discrimination and adolescent internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression) and externalizing behavior (rule-breaking). Adolescent sex and race were examined as additional moderators. METHODS Participants were 272 adolescents (Mage = 17.3 years, SD = 0.76; 51% male; 59% White/European American, 41% Black/African American). Sleep was assessed using actigraphs for 7 consecutive nights from which sleep duration (minutes), efficiency, and variability in minutes over the week were derived. Youth reported on their experiences of general discrimination, racial discrimination, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and rule-breaking behavior. RESULTS Both types of discrimination were associated with poorer adjustment outcomes. Longer sleep duration, greater sleep efficiency, and less variability in sleep duration were protective in associations between race-specific and general discrimination and internalizing symptoms. Findings for duration and efficiency were more pronounced for females such that the adverse effects of discrimination were minimized among females with longer and more efficient sleep. Greater variability in sleep exacerbated rule-breaking behavior among adolescents experiencing general or racial discrimination. Associations did not differ by adolescent race. CONCLUSIONS Short and poor-quality sleep may exacerbate internalizing symptoms for adolescents experiencing discrimination, particularly females. Variability in sleep duration was a key moderator of associations between discrimination and internalizing symptoms as well as rule-breaking behavior. Findings illustrate that actigraphy-assessed sleep parameters play a key role in ameliorating or exacerbating adjustment problems associated with discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Megan M Zeringue
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Ekjyot K Saini
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Tiffany Yip
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY USA
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Sartor CE, Haeny AM, Ahuja M, Bucholz KK. Social class discrimination as a predictor of first cigarette use and transition to nicotine use disorder in Black and White youth. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:981-992. [PMID: 33386872 PMCID: PMC8453663 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the association of social class discrimination with the timing of first cigarette use and progression to DSM-IV nicotine dependence (ND) in Black and White youth, examining variation by race, parent vs. youth experiences of discrimination, socioeconomic status (SES), and stage of smoking. METHODS Data were drawn from 1461 youth (55.2% Black, 44.8% White; 50.2% female) and mothers in a high-risk family study of alcohol use disorder and related conditions. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted, using youth's and mother's social class discrimination to predict first cigarette use and progression to ND, stratifying by race. Interactions between discrimination and SES indicators (parental education and household income) were tested. Adjusted models included psychiatric covariates. RESULTS In the adjusted first cigarette use models, neither youth's nor mother's social class discrimination was a significant predictor among Black youth, but mother's discrimination was associated with increased risk [HR = 1.53 (1.18-1.99)] among White youth. In the adjusted ND models, mother's discrimination was associated with reduced ND risk for Black youth in middle-income families [HR = 0.29 (CI 0.13-0.63)], but neither youth's nor mother's discrimination predicted transition to ND among White youth. CONCLUSIONS The observed race and smoking stage-specific effects suggest that social class discrimination is more impactful on early stages of smoking for White youth and later stages for Black youth. The robustness of links with mother's discrimination experiences further suggests the importance of considering family-level effects and the need to explore possible mechanisms, such as socialization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63116, USA.
| | - Angela M Haeny
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Manik Ahuja
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, East Tennessee State University, College of Public Health, J1276 Gilbreath Drive, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63116, USA
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Xiong R, Xia Y, Li SD. Perceived Discrimination and Aggression Among Chinese Migrant Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:651270. [PMID: 33746862 PMCID: PMC7966711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has showed that Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents are at high risk for discrimination, negative emotions, and aggression. However, little is known about how discrimination, negative emotions, and aggression are interrelated and whether social support addressing the emotional needs of the adolescents would moderate the relationship of discrimination to aggression. This study attempts to fill these gaps. Based on prior research, it is proposed that perceived discrimination relates to reactive aggression by increasing negative emotions that foster aggressive responses to stressful events. Considering the central role that negative emotions may play, it is also hypothesized that socioemotional support provided by family, friends, and community mitigates the impact of perceived discrimination on reactive aggression by reducing negative emotions. The results obtained from the analysis of two-wave survey data collected from a probability sample of 470 migrant students aged 11-17 (46.17% female; mean age = 13.49) in China supported these hypotheses. The findings indicate that perceived discrimination fosters negative emotions, which in turn increase reactive aggression. Additionally, socioemotional support reduces the adverse impact of perceived discrimination on reactive aggression by weakening the link between perceived discrimination and negative emotions. Practical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshan Xiong
- Department of Social Work, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Xia
- School of Law, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Spencer D Li
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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