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王 璐. Research Progress and Application Status of Different Types of Constructed Wetlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12677/ije.2021.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Remediation of Polluted River Water by Biological, Chemical, Ecological and Engineering Processes. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selection of appropriate river water treatment methods is important for the restoration of river ecosystems. An in-depth review of different river water treatment technologies has been carried out in this study. Among the physical-engineering processes, aeration is an effective, sustainable and popular technique which increases microbial activity and degrades organic pollutants. Other engineering techniques (water diversion, mechanical algae removal, hydraulic structures and dredging) are effective as well, but they are cost intensive and detrimental to river ecosystems. Riverbank filtration is a natural, slow and self-sustainable process which does not pose any adverse effects. Chemical treatments are criticised for their short-term solution, high cost and potential for secondary pollution. Ecological engineering-based techniques are preferable due to their high economic, environmental and ecological benefits, their ease of maintenance and the fact that they are free from secondary pollution. Constructed wetlands, microbial dosing, ecological floating beds and biofilms technologies are the most widely applicable ecological techniques, although some variabilities are observed in their performances. Constructed wetlands perform well under low hydraulic and pollutant loads. Sequential constructed wetland floating bed systems can overcome this limitation. Ecological floating beds are highly recommended for their low cost, high effectiveness and optimum plant growth facilities.
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Hashmat AJ, Afzal M, Fatima K, Anwar-Ul-Haq M, Khan QM, Arias CA, Brix H. Characterization of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria in Constructed Wetland Microcosms Used to Treat Crude Oil Polluted Water. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:358-364. [PMID: 30542756 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ten plant species were grown in constructed wetlands (CWs) to remediate water containing 2% (w/v) crude oil. The plant species with better growth and biomass production were Typha latifolia and Cyperus laevigatus, and they were significantly correlated (R2 = 0.91) with hydrocarbon degradation. From T. latifolia and C. laevigatus, 33 hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere, and root and shoot interiors. More diversified bacteria were found in the rhizosphere and endosphere of C. laevigatus than those of T. latifolia. The predominant cultural hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were shown to belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Bacillus. In addition to genes involved in hydrocarbon degradation, most of the bacteria displayed multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) activities. This study suggests the importance of selecting suitable bacterial strains with hydrocarbon degradation and PGP activities for improving the efficacy of CWs used in remediating water contaminated with crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Jamal Hashmat
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, 8000, Århus C, Denmark
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Mahmood Khan
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Carlos A Arias
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, 8000, Århus C, Denmark
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, 8000, Århus C, Denmark
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Lipczynska-Kochany E. Effect of climate change on humic substances and associated impacts on the quality of surface water and groundwater: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1548-1565. [PMID: 30021320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HS), a highly transformed part of non-living natural organic matter (NOM), comprise up to 70% of the soil organic matter (SOM), 50-80% of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface water, and 25% of DOM in groundwater. They considerably contribute to climate change (CC) by generating greenhouse gases (GHG). On the other hand, CC affects HS, their structure and reactivity. HS important role in global warming has been recognized and extensively studied. However, much less attention has been paid so far to effects on the freshwater quality, which may result from the climate induced impact on HS, and HS interactions with contaminants in soil, surface water and groundwater. It is expected that an increased temperature and enhanced biodegradation of SOM will lead to an increase in the production of DOM, while the flooding and runoff will export it from soil to rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Microbial growth will be stimulated and biodegradation of pollutants in water can be enhanced. However, there may be also negative effects, including an inhibition of solar disinfection in brown lakes. The CC induced desorption from soil and sediments, as well as re-mobilization of metals and organic pollutants are anticipated. In-situ treatment of surface water and groundwater may be affected. Quality of the source freshwater is expected to deteriorate and drinking water production may become more expensive. Many of the possible effects of CC described in this article have yet to be explored and understood. Enormous potential for interesting, multidisciplinary studies in the important research areas has been presented.
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Almuktar SAAAN, Abed SN, Scholz M. Wetlands for wastewater treatment and subsequent recycling of treated effluent: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23595-23623. [PMID: 29959736 PMCID: PMC6096557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to water scarcity challenges around the world, it is essential to think about non-conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean freshwater. Environmental and public health problems may result from insufficient provision of sanitation and wastewater disposal facilities. Because of this, wastewater treatment and recycling methods will be vital to provide sufficient freshwater in the coming decades, since water resources are limited and more than 70% of water are consumed for irrigation purposes. Therefore, the application of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation has much potential, especially when incorporating the reuse of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which are essential for plant production. Among the current treatment technologies applied in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation, wetlands were concluded to be the one of the most suitable ones in terms of pollutant removal and have advantages due to both low maintenance costs and required energy. Wetland behavior and efficiency concerning wastewater treatment is mainly linked to macrophyte composition, substrate, hydrology, surface loading rate, influent feeding mode, microorganism availability, and temperature. Constructed wetlands are very effective in removing organics and suspended solids, whereas the removal of nitrogen is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands meeting the irrigation reuse standards. The removal of phosphorus is usually low, unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Pathogen removal from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless supplementary lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad A A A N Almuktar
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq
| | - Suhail N Abed
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK.
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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Zhang DQ, Jinadasa KBSN, Gersberg RM, Liu Y, Ng WJ, Tan SK. Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in developing countries--a review of recent developments (2000-2013). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 141:116-31. [PMID: 24784754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate access to clean water and sanitation has become one of the most pervasive problems afflicting people throughout the developing world. Replication of centralized water-, energy- and cost-intensive technologies has proved ineffective in resolving the complex water-related problems resulting from rapid urbanization in the developing countries. Instead constructed wetlands (CWs) have emerged and become a viable option for wastewater treatment, and are currently being recognized as attractive alternatives to conventional wastewater treatment methods. The primary objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the diverse range of practice, applications and researches of CW systems for removing various contaminants from wastewater in developing countries, placing them in the overall context of the need for low-cost and sustainable wastewater treatment systems. Emphasis of this review is placed on the treatment performance of various types of CWs including: (i) free water surface flow CW; (ii) subsurface flow CW; (iii) hybrid systems; and, (iv) floating treatment wetland. The impacts of different wetland design and pertinent operational variables (e.g., hydraulic loading rate, vegetation species, physical configurations, and seasonal variation) on contaminant removal in CW systems are also summarized and highlighted. Finally, the cost and land requirements for CW systems are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Civill and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - K B S N Jinadasa
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Richard M Gersberg
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, Hardy Tower 119, 5500 Campanile, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Civill and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Civill and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Civill and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Maritime Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Saeed T, Sun G. A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: dependency on environmental parameters, operating conditions and supporting media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 112:429-448. [PMID: 23032989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the unique advantages of lower operational and maintenance cost, the applications of subsurface flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater have been increasing rapidly throughout the world. The removal of nitrogen and organics by such systems has gained substantial attention in recent years. In subsurface flow wetlands, the removal of pollutants often relies on a diverse range of co-existing physical, chemical and biological routes, which are vitally dependent on numerous environmental and operational parameters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of wetland structures, classic and novel nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms along with the key environmental parameters and operational conditions that enhance removal in subsurface flow wetland systems. The critical exploration identifies the major environmental parameters such as: pH, DO, and temperature, operational factors i.e. organic carbon availability, loading, feed mode, retention time, recirculation, harvesting, and the complex role (of both parameters) on classical nitrogen and organics removal pathways. Subsequently, the necessity of further extensive research on such factors, for promoting novel nitrogen removal routes in wetland systems has also been highlighted. The expansion of the review on the influence of the unconventional wetland matrix indicates that, the structural differences and inherent properties of these media can support substantial nitrogen and organics removal from wastewater, under optimal operating conditions. Overall, the critical review illustrates the necessity of a profound knowledge on the complicated inter-relationship between nitrogen and organics removal routes, governing environmental and operational parameters, and wetland matrix for improving the treatment performances of subsurface flow wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Saeed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-009-0007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jian ZHAO, Wei ZHU, Lianfang ZHAO. Efficiency and mechanism of treating the polluted river water with constructed wetland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.18307/2007.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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