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Elgazali A, Althalb H, Elmusrati I, Ahmed HM, Banat IM. Remediation Approaches to Reduce Hydrocarbon Contamination in Petroleum-Polluted Soil. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2577. [PMID: 37894235 PMCID: PMC10608863 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution associated with oil spills has become a major concern worldwide. It is essential to break down these contaminants in the environment. In the environment, microbes have been used to detoxify and transform hazardous components. The process can function naturally or can be enhanced by adding nutrients, electron acceptors, or other factors. This study investigates some factors affecting hydrocarbon remediation technologies/approaches. Combinations of biological, chemical, and eco-toxicological techniques are used for this process while monitoring the efficacy of bacterial products and nutrient amendments to stimulate the biotransformation of contaminated soil. Different hydrocarbon removal levels were observed with bacterial augmentation (Beta proteobacterium and Rhodococcus ruber), exhibiting a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) reduction of 61%, which was further improved to a 73% reduction using bacterial augmentation combined with nutrient amendment (nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus). A heavy metal analysis of the polluted soils showed that the combination of nutrient and bacterial augmentation resulted in a significant reduction (p-value < 0.05) in lead, zinc, and barium. Toxicity testing also showed that a reduction of up to 50% was achieved using these remediation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkareem Elgazali
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tocra Campus, University of Benghazi, Benghazi P.O. Box 1308, Libya;
- Environmental and Biological Chemistry Research Center (EBCRC), University of Benghazi, Tocra P.O. Box. 9480, Libya
| | - Hakima Althalb
- Environmental Research Department, Petroleum Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 6431, Libya; (I.E.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Izzeddin Elmusrati
- Environmental Research Department, Petroleum Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 6431, Libya; (I.E.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Hasna M. Ahmed
- Environmental Research Department, Petroleum Research Center, Tripoli P.O. Box 6431, Libya; (I.E.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Banat
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK;
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Field Test of In Situ Groundwater Treatment Applying Oxygen Diffusion and Bioaugmentation Methods in an Area with Sustained Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) Contaminant Flow. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of groundwater by petroleum hydrocarbons is a widespread environmental problem in many regions. Contamination of unsaturated and saturated zones could also pose a significant risk to human health. The main purpose of the study was to assess the efficiency of biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in situ, in an area with loam and sandy loam soils, and to identify features and characteristics related to groundwater treatment in an area with a persistent flow of pollutants. We used methods of biostimulation (oxygen as stimulatory supplement) and bioaugmentation to improve water quality. Oxygen was added to the groundwater by diffusion through silicone tubing. The efficiency of groundwater treatment was determined by detailed monitoring. Implementation of the applied measure resulted in an average reduction in TPH concentration of 73.1% compared with the initial average concentration (4.33 mg/L), and in the local area, TPH content was reduced by 95.5%. The authors hope that this paper will contribute to a better understanding of the topic of groundwater treatment by in situ biodegradation of TPH. Further studies on this topic are particularly needed to provide more data and details on the efficiency of groundwater treatment under adverse geological conditions.
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Xu J, Sun Y, Tian G, Li X, Yang Z. Fast biodegradation of long-alkanes by enhancing bacteria performance rate by per-oxidation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113933. [PMID: 34731951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-alkanes biodegradation rate was generally found slow during widely used pre-oxidation combined with biodegradation for oil contamination treatment, resulting in long and unsustainable removal. In this study, different chitosan content was used to produce iron catalysts for pre-oxidation, and nutrients were added for the long-alkanes biodegradation experiment. Mechanism of Fenton pre-oxidation and improvement in the biodegradation rate of long-alkanes were studied by analyzing the change in organic matter and bacterial community structure, the amount and activity of bacteria in the biological stage, and the degradation amount long-alkanes hydrocarbon before and after pre-oxidation. Results showed that the destruction of bacteria greatly reduced when hydroxyl radical intensity decreased to 4.40 a.u.. Also, the proportion of humic acid-like was high (40.88%), and the community structure was slightly changed with the pre-oxidation for the fast biodegradation (FB) group. In the subsequent biodegradation, it was found that the degradation rate of each long-alkanes in the FB group increased significantly (C30: 4.18-8.32 mg/(kg·d)) with the increase of the degradation of long-alkanes (10-50%). Further studies showed that the high nutrient dynamics (6.05 mg/(kg·d)) of the FB group resulted in high bacteria performance rate (0.53 mol CO2 × log CFU/(104 g2 d)), which further accelerated the substrate transformation(41%). Therefore, the biodegradation rate of long-alkanes was increased (43.8 mg/(kg·d)) with the removal rate of long-alkanes of 76%. The half-life of long-alkanes for the FB group (64 d) was 33 d shorter than the slow biodegradation group (99 d). These results exhibited that pre-oxidation regulation can shorten the bioremediation cycle by improving the biodegradation rate of long-alkanes. This research has good engineering application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yanjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guiyong Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhengli Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China
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Impacts of bioreactor operating parameters on removal efficiency, biodegradation rate, molecular distribution, and toxicity of commercial naphthenic acids. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 45:391-407. [PMID: 34854976 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Effects of naphthenic acids (NAs) concentration (50-200 mg NA L-1; 35-140 mg TOC L-1) and loading rate (1.4-1249 mg NA L-1 h-1; 1-874 mg TOC L-1 h-1) on removal efficiency, removal rate, and molecular distribution of NAs, and effluent toxicity were evaluated for biodegradation of commercial NAs mixture in circulating packed bed bioreactors (CPBBs). Increase of NAs concentration and loading rate (shorter residence times) increased the removal rate, while removal efficiency initially declined and then stabilized. The maximum biodegradation rates for 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg NA L-1 were 128.0, 321.7, 430.2, and 630.0 mg TOC L-1 h-1 at loading rates of 218.5, 455.6, 673.5 and 874.0 mg TOC L-1 h-1, respectively, with removal efficiencies of 58.6, 70.6, 63.9 and 72.1%. Analysis of influent and treated effluents with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that molecular weight and cyclicity (C and Z numbers) affected the biodegradation, with low molecular weight acyclic NAs (C = 6-12) were the most amenable to biodegradation and those with intermediate and high molecular weights (C = 13-22) and moderate cyclicity (Z = - 4, - 6) were the most recalcitrant. In the biofilm, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla, and Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant classes. Toxicity analyses with Artemia salina and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox) showed that high influent concentrations and loading rates (short residence times) led to higher NAs residual concentration and effluent toxicity. To design and operate large-scale CPBBs, intermediate loading rates and residence times that result in high removal efficiency, reasonable removal rates, and low toxicity are recommended.
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Isolation and characterization of a novel hydrocarbonoclastic and biosurfactant producing bacterial strain: Fictibacillus phosphorivorans RP3. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:105. [PMID: 33552833 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an indigenous novel hydrocarbonoclastic (kerosene and diesel degrading) and biosurfactant producing strain Fictibacillus phosphorivorans RP3 was identified. The characteristics of bacterial strain were ascertained through its unique morphological and biochemical attributes, 16S rRNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The degradation of hydrocarbons by F. phosphorivorans RP3 was observed at Day 7, Day 10 and Day 14 of the experimental duration. GC-FID chromatograms demonstrated a significant increase in hydrocarbon degradation (%) with progressing days (from 7 to 14). The bacterium exhibited capability to utilize and degrade n-hexadecane (used for primary screening) and petroleum hydrocarbons (kerosene and diesel; by ≥ 90%). With increase in the number of experimentation days, the optical density of the culture medium increased, whereas pH declined (became acidic) for both Kerosene and Diesel. Absence of resistance to routinely used antibiotics makes it an ideal candidate for future field application. The study is, thus, significant in view of toxicological implications of hydrocarbons and their degradation using environmentally safe techniques so as to maintain ecological and human health.
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Zemo DA. Letter to Editor regarding Pudasaini et al. 2019, Characterization of polar metabolites and evaluation of their potential toxicity in hydrocarbon contaminated Antarctic soil elutriates. Science of Total Environment, v689, 390-397. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135471. [PMID: 31732182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn A Zemo
- Zemo & Associates Inc., Incline Village, NV, USA.
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Brzeszcz J, Kapusta P, Steliga T, Turkiewicz A. Hydrocarbon Removal by Two Differently Developed Microbial Inoculants and Comparing Their Actions with Biostimulation Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E661. [PMID: 32033085 PMCID: PMC7036810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation of soils polluted with petroleum compounds is a widely accepted environmental technology. We compared the effects of biostimulation and bioaugmentation of soil historically contaminated with aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The studied bioaugmentation treatments comprised of the introduction of differently developed microbial inoculants, namely: an isolated hydrocarbon-degrading community C1 (undefined-consisting of randomly chosen degraders) and a mixed culture C2 (consisting of seven strains with well-characterized enhanced hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities). Sixty days of remedial treatments resulted in a substantial decrease in total aliphatic hydrocarbon content; however, the action of both inoculants gave a significantly better effect than nutrient amendments (a 69.7% decrease for C1 and 86.8% for C2 vs. 34.9% for biostimulation). The bioaugmentation resulted also in PAH removal, and, again, C2 degraded contaminants more efficiently than C1 (reductions of 85.2% and 64.5%, respectively), while biostimulation itself gave no significant results. Various bioassays applying different organisms (the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the plants Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidium sativum, and Sinapis alba, and the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens) and Ames test were used to assess, respectively, potential toxicity and mutagenicity risk after bioremediation. Each treatment improved soil quality, however only bioaugmentation with the C2 treatment decreased both toxicity and mutagenicity most efficiently. Illumina high-throughput sequencing revealed the lack of (C1) or limited (C2) ability of the introduced degraders to sustain competition from indigenous microbiota after a 60-day bioremediation process. Thus, bioaugmentation with the bacterial mixed culture C2, made up of identified, hydrocarbon-degrading strains, is clearly a better option for bioremediation purposes when compared to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeszcz
- Department of Microbiology, Oil and Gas Institute–National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25A, 31-503 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kapusta
- Department of Microbiology, Oil and Gas Institute–National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25A, 31-503 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Teresa Steliga
- Department of Reservoir Fluid Production Technology, Oil and Gas Institute–National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25 A, 31-503 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Turkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Oil and Gas Institute–National Research Institute, ul. Lubicz 25A, 31-503 Krakow, Poland;
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Soroldoni S, Silva G, Correia FV, Marques M. Spent lubricant oil-contaminated soil toxicity to Eisenia andrei before and after bioremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:212-221. [PMID: 30627964 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-02013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation is very efficient in biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons. However, the decrease in these target contaminants in soils is not necessarily followed by a decrease in toxicity. The remaining contaminants can be enough to retain toxicity, while incomplete degradation of several compounds can generate sub-products, which can be even more toxic. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess acute and chronic toxicity in Eisenia andrei exposed to soil contaminated with 5% spent lubricant oil before and after 22 months of bioremediation in 150 L aerobic reactors. Applied bioremediation strategies were biostimulation (BIOS), bioaugmentation by adding mature compost from municipal solid waste (BIOA1) and bioaugmentation by adding non-mature compost from municipal solid waste (BIOA2). After 22 months, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were reduced 71% in BIOS and 73% in both BIOA1 and BIOA2. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were reduced in about 98% in all treatments (BIOS, BIOA1 and BIOA2). At the 14th day of exposure, mortality rates were 7 ± 2, 20 ± 0, 75 ± 25, 93 ± 12 and 100 ± 0% for Eisenia andrei exposed to CONT (soil with no oil addition), BIOS, OLU (soil newly contaminated with 5% spent oil), BIOA1 and BIOA2, respectively. After 14 days, surviving specimens in both BIOS and OLU soils exhibited anatomic deformations, less biomass than the controls, and decrease in juvenile forms and coelomocytes. After 28 days, the mortality rate for BIOS and OLU soils increased to 97 and 100%, respectively. Therefore, even with a reduction of 71-73% for TPH and 98% for PAH, toxic effects remained in all soils bioremediated, probably due to the remaining hydrocarbons and/or hydrocarbon biodegradation products. The results indicate that both chemical analyses and toxicological monitoring are required to follow-up soil remediation progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanye Soroldoni
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering-DESMA, Rio de Janeiro State University-UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 5024E, Maracanã, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Organic Microcontaminants and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Oceanography Institute, Rio Grande Federal University-FURG, Avenida Itália Km 8, Carreiros, CEP 96203-000, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graciane Silva
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering-DESMA, Rio de Janeiro State University-UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 5024E, Maracanã, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio Veríssimo Correia
- Laboratory of Environmental Health, Rio de Janeiro State Federal University-UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, CEP 22.290-240, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Marques
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering-DESMA, Rio de Janeiro State University-UERJ. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 5024E, Maracanã, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Xu J, Zhang Q, Li D, Du J, Wang C, Qin J. Rapid degradation of long-chain crude oil in soil by indigenous bacteria using fermented food waste supernatant. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 85:361-373. [PMID: 30803591 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore how to stimulate soil indigenous bacteria for the degradation of long-chain crude oil by adding fermented food waste supernatant (FS). Four concentrations of FS (0 mL, 0.1 mL, 1 mL, and 3 mL) were added to two oil-contaminated soils S1 and S2 for 30 days of bioremediation experiments. The results showed that the biodegradation of long-chain alkanes (C29 - C24) could reach up to 1756 mg/kg (49.3%, S1) and 3937 mg/kg (43.9%, S2), which were 3.1 and 3.2 times that of the non-nutrient system. In addition, the logarithmic growth rate of the indigenous hydrocarbon degraders (IHD) reached 41.5%. The long-chain crude oil can be rapidly degraded by indigenous bacteria with FS added in a short time. The glucose and acetic acid accelerated the consumption of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in the prophase of bioremediation and the molar ratio of consumed carbon (contained in glucose and acetic acid) to consumed NH4+-N (C/N) was high by adding FS. Thus, the IHD can multiply rapidly. The analysis of microbial diversity revealed that the IHD (genera Acinetobacter and Aquabacterium) became the dominant bacteria. Long-chain alkanes became the main carbon sources for IHD after 14 days in soil S1 and 16 days in soil S2. Thus, the rapid biodegradation of long-chain crude oil was achieved. The genus Aquabacterium which was uncultivable on crude oil medium became the dominant bacteria. This study provides an environment-friendly and sustainable remediation technology for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Qiuju Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dongyuan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jinyi Qin
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chang'an University, 710055 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
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Selvarajan R, Sibanda T, Venkatachalam S, Kamika I, Nel WAJ. Industrial wastewaters harbor a unique diversity of bacterial communities revealed by high-throughput amplicon analysis. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Fan SK. Consistency between health risks and microbial response mechanism of various petroleum components in a typical wastewater-irrigated farmland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 174:55-61. [PMID: 27011340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various petroleum components possess distinctive migration and toxicity characteristics. Evaluation of contamination levels on the basis of total concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and groundwater is limited. Hunpu, a typical wastewater-irrigated area, is located at the southwest of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. In this study, various fractions, exposure pathways, and soil microbial communities were taken into account to make petroleum contamination evaluation more effective and precise in the region. The concentrations and hazard quotients of aliphatic fractions, as the bulk of an oil, verified that the groundwater must not be drunk directly. The total concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAHs) for C10-34 were 68.90-199.87 μg g(-1) in soil in Hunpu, which required cleanup according to Oklahoma criteria. However, both health and ecological risks indicated that petroleum contamination in surface soil was not serious. Microbes may use aliphatic fractions as carbon and energy source for their growth, which was indicated by positive correlation between them. TAHsC12-16 posed highest human health risks and had the most significant effect on the soil microbial composition, although its concentration was low in both the groundwater and the soil. Straight-, branched-chain saturated, and cyclopropyl phospholipid fatty acids had more closely positive correlation with TAHsC12-16, which indicated that regulation of bacterial membrane fluidity to toxic petroleum pollutants. This study can also provide the guidelines for assessment and management of petroleum contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metal, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Shu-kai Fan
- Environmental Engineering Institute, Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Beijing, 100160, PR China.
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Misiti TM, Tezel U, Tandukar M, Pavlostathis SG. Aerobic biotransformation potential of a commercial mixture of naphthenic acids. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5520-5534. [PMID: 23863388 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation potential of a commercial naphthenic acid (NA) mixture (NA sodium salt; TCI Chemicals) under aerobic conditions was investigated using mixed aerobic cultures developed under various levels and duration of NA exposure. A culture enriched using the commercial NA mixture as the sole carbon source degraded NAs in a range of NA concentrations, regardless of culture age and the presence of a co-substrate; however, only 28.5% of the NA-carbon was detected as CO2 while 44% was utilized for biomass growth. A fraction of the NA mixture (15-26%) was persistent under all conditions studied. In contrast, a culture fed with a degradable synthetic wastewater only (NA un-amended culture) and another culture fed with the same wastewater and 50 mg NA/L (NA-amended culture), over time lost their ability to degrade NAs. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene based clone library revealed that 80% of the NA-enriched culture belonged to the γ-Proteobacteria class and was largely dominated by phylotypes most closely related to known NA and hydrocarbon degraders such as Pseudomonas and Microbulbifer. The results of this study indicate that although significant NA degradation is possible, only a small fraction of the NA mixture is completely mineralized to CO2. Further investigation into the biotransformation products and conditions affecting NA biodegradation under realistic refinery and environmental conditions will help to design effective treatment and bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Misiti
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, USA
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Liu Z, Liu J. Evaluating bacterial community structures in oil collected from the sea surface and sediment in the northern Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Microbiologyopen 2013; 2:492-504. [PMID: 23568850 PMCID: PMC3684762 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial community structures were evaluated in oil samples using culture-independent pyrosequencing, including oil mousses collected on sea surface and salt marshes during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and oil deposited in sediments adjacent to the wellhead 1 year after the spill. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Erythrobacter, Rhodovulum, Stappia, and Thalassospira of Alphaproteobacteria were the prevailing groups in the oil mousses, which may relate to high temperatures and strong irradiance in surface Gulf waters. In the mousse collected from the leaves of Spartina alterniflora, Vibrio of Gammaproteobacteria represented 57% of the total operational taxonomic units, suggesting that this indigenous genus is particularly responsive to the oil contamination in salt marshes. The bacterial communities in oil-contaminated sediments were highly diversified. The relatively high abundance of the Methylococcus, Methylobacter, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chlorofexi bacteria resembles those found in certain cold-seep sediments with gas hydrates. Bacterial communities in the overlying water of the oil-contaminated sediment were dominated by Ralstonia of Betaproteobacteria, which can degrade small aromatics, and Saccharophagus degradans of Gammaproteobacteria, a cellulose degrader, suggesting that overlying water was affected by the oil-contaminated sediments, possibly due to the dissolution of small aromatics and biosurfactants produced during biodegradation. Overall, these results provided key information needed to evaluate oil degradation in the region and develop future bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei Liu
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA.
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14
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Vitte I, Duran R, Hernandez-Raquet G, Mounier J, Jézéquel R, Bellet V, Balaguer P, Caumette P, Cravo-Laureau C. Dynamics of metabolically active bacterial communities involved in PAH and toxicity elimination from oil-contaminated sludge during anoxic/oxic oscillations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:4199-211. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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