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Bravo-Zevallos W, Fernández-Jerí Y, Torres-Lázaro JC, Zuñiga-Bardales K. Assessment of Human Health Risk Indices Due to Metal Contamination in the Surface Water of the Negro River Sub-Basin, Áncash. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:733. [PMID: 38928979 PMCID: PMC11203810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The accelerated loss of glacial cover in the Cordillera Blanca in Áncash, Peru, exposes the underlying rocks with high concentrations of sulfides from the Chicama Formation to oxidation and leaching processes, generating acid rock drainage (ARD) in glacial and periglacial areas. These are transported by surface runoff, contaminating the surface water with high concentrations of metals and sulfates, as well as increasing the acidity, which poses a risk to human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, the risk indices for human health due to metal contamination were evaluated at 19 surface water sampling points distributed in the Río Negro sub-basin. Hydrochemical analyses revealed average metal concentrations in the following order: Fe (28.597 mg/L), Al (3.832 mg/L), Mn (1.085 mg/L), Zn (0.234 mg/L), Ni (0.085 mg/L), Co (0.053 mg/L), Li (0.036 mg/L), Cu (0.005 mg/L), and Pb (0.002 mg/L). The risk was determined by calculating the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and the Hazard Index (HI). The average HPI value was 360.959, indicating a high level of contamination (HPI ≥ 150). The human health risk assessment indicated that adverse effects caused by iron, lithium, and cobalt in children and adults should be considered. Through the use of Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, it was identified that SO42-, Fe, S, Al, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Li originate from natural sources, associated with the generation of ARD in glacial and periglacial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Bravo-Zevallos
- Grupo de Investigación Bioquímica Toxicológica (BIOTOX), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru;
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña (INAIGEM), Huaraz 02002, Peru;
| | - Yadira Fernández-Jerí
- Grupo de Investigación Bioquímica Toxicológica (BIOTOX), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru;
| | - Juan C. Torres-Lázaro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña (INAIGEM), Huaraz 02002, Peru;
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Nayak A, Matta G, Prasad Uniyal D, Kumar A, Kumar P, Pant G. Assessment of potentially toxic elements in groundwater through interpolation, pollution indices, and chemometric techniques in Dehradun in Uttarakhand State. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36241-36263. [PMID: 37184800 PMCID: PMC10184092 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Providing safe drinking water for the entire world's population is essential for ensuring sustainable development. The presence of harmful compounds in aquifers, majorly toxic elements, is a serious environmental concern around the globe. This research aimed to quantify for the initial period the amounts of toxic elements in freshwater in the Dehradun Industrial Region of Uttrakhand, India, as well as the associated health risks. The PTEs (potentially toxic elements) Fe, Cd, Mn, Cu, Cr and Pb, Zn, Ni is measured by AAS and compared to BIS and WHO requirements for drinking safety. The order of mean trace element values in all groundwater samples were determined as Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Co > Cd > Pb. HPI was discovered to be higher than high class during the research period (HPI > 30), but under the severe contamination criterion of 100. Iron's MI and PI values were consistently over the threshold limit during the research period, and certain toxic elements were discovered exceptionally near the threshold limit, indicating a severe future influence on groundwater quality. According to PCA (principal component analysis), CM (correlation matrix), and potential health hazard, maximum levels of toxic elements in groundwater in the Dehradun region are attributed to land use patterns, anthropogenic activity, industrial activity, fertilizer and pesticide leaching, and residential waste into the aquifer system. The findings of this study could aid local planners and policymakers in preventing health risks from contaminated aquifers through the deployment of suitable monitoring and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Nayak
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Gagan Matta
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India.
| | | | - Avinash Kumar
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Gaurav Pant
- Hydrological Research Lab., Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, GurukulKangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, India
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Majumdar A, Avishek K. Assessing heavy metal and physiochemical pollution load of Danro River and its management using floating bed remediation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9885. [PMID: 38688947 PMCID: PMC11061306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
River Danro in Garhwa (India) plays a vital role as a significant source of surface water and a crucial tributary of the North Koel River, ultimately joining the Ganga River Basin. Serving both urban-industrial and rural areas, the region faces challenges, including sand mining near Belchampa Ghat. This study aimed to assess physicochemical and heavy metals pollution at nine sampling locations, utilizing the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP), Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI), and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI). OIP values indicated excellent surface water quality (0.71) in non-monsoon and slight pollution (6.28) in monsoon. NPI ranged from 0.10 to 1.74 in non-monsoon and from 0.22 (clean) to 27.15 (heavily polluted) in monsoon. HPI results suggested groundwater contamination, particularly by lead. Principal component analysis (PCA) and geospatial mapping showed similar outcomes, highlighting the influence of adjacent land use on water quality. Recognizing the significance of the Danro River in sustaining life, livelihoods, and economic growth, the study recommends implementing measures like floating bed remediation and regulatory actions for effective river management. The study acknowledges weaknesses in the current practical assessment methods for water contamination. These weaknesses make it difficult to put plans for cleaning up and controlling contamination into action. Because of this, future research on developing new in-place remediation techniques should focus on creating better ways to measure how effective the cleanup is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Majumdar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kirti Avishek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Kamboj S, Singh N, Arora NK. Spatio-temporal variability of public water supply characteristics and associated health hazards for children and adults in selected locations of Ambala, India. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e10971. [PMID: 38234250 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of public water supply and groundwater resources is a major concern in many parts of developing nations. Polluted water poses serious health risks to humans and the environment. This research was conducted to investigate the seasonal variations of the water quality parameters in the public water supply. To assess the supply water quality in different blocks of Ambala District, hydro-chemical analysis was conducted after a series of systematic sampling in various locations. The statistical tools for water quality indexing including water quality indexing (WQI), heavy metal pollution indexing (HMPI), pollution indexing (PI), overall pollution indexing (OPI), metal indexing (MI), and hazard indexing (HI) were used for data as well as the health hazard analysis through water pathway. Overall, 40 water samples were taken from the public water supply systems covering winter and summer seasons, and the levels of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), EC, F- , Cl- , NO3 - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - , As, B, Cd, Co, Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe, and Mn were investigated. The weight arithmetic index method was used for WQI, and water pollution indices such as HMPI, PI, OPI, and MI were calculated using different models to check the severity of contamination. The mean hazard quotient and hazard index values calculated using the concentration levels of As, B, Cd, Co, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, F- , and NO3 - reveal that supply water may pose a significant health risk to both adults and children that further varies with temporal and spatial changes. During both seasons, a high carcinogenic risk for both adults and children was observed in the studied area because of high levels of As, Pb, Cd, and NO3 - . PRACTITIONER POINTS: The quality of public supply water was assessed at the selected sites of Ambala, India. High levels of NO3 - , As, Cd, and Pb were observed posing a health risk to adults and children via water pathway. 95% of the samples qualified for the excellent water quality category with respect to the levels of F- , Cl- , NO3 - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - , pH, EC, and TDS. Statistical analysis (HMPI, PI, MI, OPI, HI) using different models revealed water contamination with reference to the levels of NO3 - , As, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd. Immediate measures are needed to uphold the safety and health of the natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Kamboj
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Nirankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
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Saeed O, Székács A, Jordán G, Mörtl M, Abukhadra MR, Eid MH. Investigating the impacts of heavy metal(loid)s on ecology and human health in the lower basin of Hungary's Danube River: A Python and Monte Carlo simulation-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9757-9784. [PMID: 37843689 PMCID: PMC10673977 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the environmental and health risks of the heavy metal levels in the Danube River in Hungary. The metals, including Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and As, were measured in the period from 2013 to 2019. The Spearman correlation and heatmap cluster analysis were utilized to determine the origin of pollution and the factors that control surface water quality. Several indices, such as the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), hazard quotient oral and dermal (HQ), hazard index oral and dermal (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR), were conducted to evaluate the potential risks for the environment and human health. The values of the HPI were between the range of 15 < HPI < 30, which indicated moderate pollution; however, the MI results showed high pollution in Dunaföldvár and Hercegszántó cities. The ecological risk (RI < 30) and HI values (< 1) showed low environmental risks and non-carcinogenic impacts of the existing metals, either on adults or children. The mean CR value of oral arsenic was 2.2E-04 and 2.5E-04 during April-September and October-March, respectively, indicating that children were the most vulnerable to arsenic-carcinogenic oral effects. While lead's CR oral values for children during April-September exceeded the threshold of 1.0E-04, chromium's oral and dermal CR values for both adults and children were 2.08E-04, 6.11E-04, 1.97E-04, and 5.82E-04 during April-September and October-March, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential carcinogenic risks related to chromium exposure within the two pathways in Hungary and highlight the need for effective measures to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Saeed
- Doctoral School of Environmental Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
| | - András Székács
- Doctoral School of Environmental Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, H-1022, Hungary
| | - Győző Jordán
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, H-1022, Hungary
| | - Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Eid
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt
- Institute of Environmental Management, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, 3515, Hungary
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Malik A, Katyal D, Narwal N, Kataria N, Ayyamperumal R, Khoo KS. Sources, distribution, associated health risks and remedial technologies for inorganic contamination in groundwater: A review in specific context of the state of Haryana, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116696. [PMID: 37482126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Haryana is one of the leading states in India in the agricultural and industrial production. With the expansion of these sectors, a continuous increase in water demand is leading to water crises arising from overexploitation and quality deterioration of the available water. Contamination of aquifer resources is a significant concern, because majority of population depends on the groundwater for various agricultural, industrial, and domestic needs. This review article provides an overview of groundwater contamination, associated health risks with different contaminants with regions severely affected by poor water quality, and delves in identifying the sources, by observing and recognising the types of industries dominant in the state with types of effluents discharge. It further suggests the possible mitigation measures such as advanced remedial technologies and proper management practices from the consequent contamination sources. It has been observed during the perusal of various studies and data that the degree of contamination was considerably higher in districts with heavy agro-industrial activities. The groundwater resources in three highly industrialized districts were found to be gravely contaminated with toxic heavy metals. Alongwith heavy metals, the salinity, hardness, nitrate, and fluoride are also posing significant problems in the aquifer resources of Haryana state. The article also discusses various technologies for remediation of different pollutants from groundwater so it can be made potable after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Malik
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Deeksha Katyal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Navish Kataria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India
| | | | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lin CY, Mohammad Ali BN, Tair R, Musta B, Abdullah MH, Cleophas F, Isidore F, Mohd Nadzir MS, Roselee MH, Yusoff I. Distance impacts toxic metals pollution in mining affected river sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113757. [PMID: 35753380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of metals mobility derived from mining activities in an ultramafic lithology is limited. This study investigates the effects of distance on potentially toxic metals such as Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn pollution, and the geochemical processes of fluvial system downstream of an ex-copper mine (Mamut River). The toxicity level of the river was evaluated using various sediment quality guidelines, ecotoxicological risks (ecological risk and risk index) and pollution indices. The geochemical behavior and stability of these toxic metals in the solid-phase samples were also examined. The results show that elevated concentrations of Ni, Cu, and Fe in the sediments can be linked to the adsorption and precipitation of metals from the aqueous-phase samples. We found that the metal scavenging rate as a function of distance is more evident in tropical environments than it was previously thought (10 km downstream). Such an inference could be explained by the greater amount of rainfall (pH 5.5-6.5) received in the tropics and higher weathering products that could react and form stable complexes. Geochemical analysis of the river sediment indicates that Ni, Cu, and Fe in the river sediment have increased 44-, 81-, and 90-fold compared to the background values, respectively. A significant decrease in the concentration of the potentially toxic metals was found at 5.5 km downstream. The scavenging rate of Fe is the highest (1485.82 μg g-1 km-1) followed by Cu (141.48 μg g-1 km-1), Ni (10.23 μg g-1 km-1), Pb (8.12 μg g-1 km-1) and Zn (5.01 μg g-1 km-1) in the tropical river system. In contrast, the concentration of Co and Mn in the river sediments doubled as the river flows approximately 5 km downstream due to the higher mineral solubility and weaker metal partition coefficient. This study also discusses the possibility of asbestos (mainly as chrysotile in the X-ray diffraction) as a potential hidden risk present within the ultramafic setting. This case study can be extrapolated to explain the dispersion of inorganic pollutants in an ultramafic environment in a global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yik Lin
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Bibi Noorarlijannah Mohammad Ali
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Tair
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Baba Musta
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Harun Abdullah
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fera Cleophas
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Feona Isidore
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir
- Centre of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia; Research Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hatta Roselee
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Yusoff
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen J, Zhang H, Wei Q, Farooq U, Zhang Q, Lu T, Wang X, Chen W, Qi Z. Mobility of water-soluble aerosol organic matters (WSAOMs) and their effects on soil colloid-mediated transport of heavy metal ions in saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129733. [PMID: 35969951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble aerosol organic matters (WSAOMs) produced by biomass pyrolysis/burning can penetrate subsurface environment, and are anticipated to have a profound effect on the fate of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Herein, WSAOMs derived from corn straw (CS-WSAOMs) and pinewood sawdust (PW-WSAOMs) pyrolysis at 300-900 °C were utilized to investigate their mobility characteristics and impacts on the transport of heavy metal ions (i.e., Cd2+) in saturated quartz sand with or without soil colloids. This study clearly demonstrated that WSAOMs in subsurface systems exhibited high mobility, which increased as WSAOMs molecular sizes decreased and hydrogen-bond interactions between WSAOMs and sand grains declined. WSAOMs significantly improved heavy metal (i.e., Cd2+) and soil colloid-mediated Cd2+ mobility in the porous media, which stemmed from the increased binding affinities of colloids toward metal ions and the high mobility of WSAOMs. Interestingly, in terms of the mobility and colloid-facilitated transport of Cd2+, WSAOMs from higher pyrolysis temperatures exhibited enhanced effects; meanwhile, the PW-WSAOMs demonstrated stronger effects than the CS-WSAOMs. The trends were mainly attributed to the differences in the metal-binding affinities (e.g., cation-π interactions) and transport abilities of WSAOMs, as well as diverse Cd2+ adsorption capacities of colloids induced by various WSAOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/ School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Qiqi Wei
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/ School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Panda G, Pobi KK, Gangopadhyay S, Gope M, Rai AK, Nayek S. Contamination level, source identification and health risk evaluation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in groundwater of an industrial city in eastern India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2685-2709. [PMID: 34402032 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation explores the spatial and seasonal variations in potentially toxic element (PTEs) concentrations and contamination level assessment of groundwater samples in and around the Asansol industrial city, eastern India. The representative samples of groundwater from 24 different locations were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH) and PTEs, e.g., Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe and Cr for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. The pH level of examined groundwater samples is under the desirable limit with few exceptions (S5, S11 and S16 in pre-monsoon and S12 in post-monsoon). The recorded values for Pb, Cd, Fe and Cr in many sampling stations found higher than the prescribed limits of Indian standards (IS 10500: 2012) in both the seasons. The mean contamination factor (Cf) for PTEs in the groundwater is in the order of Cr > Fe > Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn and Fe > Cr > Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn, with mean contamination index (Cd) value of 2.83 and 2.72 in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season, respectively, indicating moderate level of contamination in the examined area. Geospatial depiction of HPI values shows high level of contamination during pre-monsoon (58.3% sampling sites) and post-monsoon (45.8% sampling sites) in majority of sampling sites. Further, application of multivariate statistical analysis ascertains that the PTEs in groundwater are majorly derived from anthropogenic activities such as opencast mining, thermal power plants, iron and steel industries, sponge iron and other metallurgical industries, and leachate from urban and industrial wastes along with limited contribution from geogenic and lithogenic sources. The health risk assessment demonstrates that the non-carcinogenic risk (due to PTEs) in adults is in the sequence of Cr > Cd > Pb > Fe > Cu > Zn, while for children the order is Cr > Pb > Cd > Fe > Cu > Zn for both the seasons. The results also reveal higher chance of occurrence of carcinogenic risk due to Cr (ILCR > 1.0E-04) for children and adults in both the seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourisankar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Asansol Engineering College, Asansol, 713305, India
| | | | | | - Manash Gope
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Atul Kumar Rai
- Department of Mining Engineering (Geomatics), Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sumanta Nayek
- Department of Environmental Science, AIES, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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In Situ Measurements of Domestic Water Quality and Health Risks by Elevated Concentration of Heavy Metals and Metalloids Using Monte Carlo and MLGI Methods. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070342. [PMID: 35878248 PMCID: PMC9320182 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The domestic water (DW) quality of an island province in the Philippines that experienced two major mining disasters in the 1990s was assessed and evaluated in 2021 utilizing the heavy metals pollution index (MPI), Nemerow’s pollution index (NPI), and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) index. The island province sources its DW supply from groundwater (GW), surface water (SW), tap water (TP), and water refilling stations (WRS). This DW supply is used for drinking and cooking by the population. In situ analyses were carried out using an Olympus Vanta X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and Accusensing Metals Analysis System (MAS) G1 and the target heavy metals and metalloids (HMM) were arsenic (As), barium (Ba), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The carcinogenic risk was evaluated using the Monte Carlo (MC) method while a machine learning geostatistical interpolation (MLGI) technique was employed to create spatial maps of the metal concentrations and health risk indices. The MPI values calculated at all sampling locations for all water samples indicated a high pollution. Additionally, the NPI values computed at all sampling locations for all DW samples were categorized as “highly polluted”. The results showed that the health quotient indices (HQI) for As and Pb were significantly greater than 1 in all water sources, indicating a probable significant health risk (HR) to the population of the island province. Additionally, As exhibited the highest carcinogenic risk (CR), which was observed in TW samples. This accounted for 89.7% of the total CR observed in TW. Furthermore, all sampling locations exceeded the recommended maximum threshold level of 1.0 × 10−4 by the USEPA. Spatial distribution maps of the contaminant concentrations and health risks provide valuable information to households and guide local government units as well as regional and national agencies in developing strategic interventions to improve DW quality in the island province.
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Zhang H, Zhang R, Lu T, Qi W, Zhu Y, Lu M, Qi Z, Chen W. Enhanced transport of heavy metal ions by low-molecular-weight organic acids in saturated porous media: Link complex stability constants to heavy metal mobility. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133339. [PMID: 34929284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environment-ubiquitous low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) can interact with heavy metal ions and thus affect their mobility in subsurface aquifers. Herein, the effects of LMWOAs (including acetic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, and citric acid) on the mobility of heavy metal ions (including Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) in porous media were investigated to reveal the role of the stability constants of metal-LMWOA complexes in the mobility of heavy metal ions in porous media. The results showed that the mobility of different metal ions followed the order of Cd2+ < Zn2+ < Ni2+ < Mn2+ < Co2+ despite of LMWOAs-free or LMWOAs-addition. For each heavy metal, all the organic acids enhanced its transport by forming stable non-adsorbing metal-LMWOA complexes and the enhanced ability followed the order of citric acid > oxalic acid > malonic acid > tartaric acid > acetic acid. An interesting finding was that there was a significantly positive correlation between the enhanced abilities of LMWOAs to metal mobility and the complex stability constants (log K) (R2 = 0.801-0.961, p < 0.05), indicating that the complex stability of metal-LMWOA was the dominant factor responsible for the enhanced transport of heavy metal ions. Meanwhile, the linear slope indicated the intensity of enhancement of LMWOAs on heavy metal mobility was heavy metal type-dependent. This study proposed that the complex stability of metal-LMWOA could be an indicator to quantify and predict the impact of LMWOAs on the mobility of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojing Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- Department of Hydrology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth D, 95440, Germany
| | - Wei Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Minghua Lu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
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Fang H, Lin Z, Fu X. Spatial variation, water quality, and health risk assessment of trace elements in groundwater in Beijing and Shijiazhuang, North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57046-57059. [PMID: 34081283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal(loid)s pollution of groundwater in northern China is of great concern due to the increasing shortage of fresh water resources. In the present study, total 159 of groundwater samples were collected from the Miyun-Huairou-Shunyi (MHS) districts in Beijing city and the Hutuo River Plain (HRP) in Shijiazhuang city. Nineteen trace elements dissolved in groundwater were measured. Results showed that Al (12.3 %), Mn (5.3%), Zn (1.8%), As (1.8%), and Pb (1.8%) in the MHS samples, and Mn (2.2%) in the HRP samples exceeded their standard threshold of WHO and China. Exceedance of trace elements was attributed to both geochemical background and local human activities. Human health risk assessment showed that local consumers were exposed at a low level of health risk, except in specific area with a high level of arsenic. Elements of arsenic and chromium were important risk contributors in the two regions. The risk of oral exposure was greater than that of skin uptake. Children were more susceptible to non-carcinogenic risk and less to carcinogenic risk than adults. A Nemerow index and CRITIC-weighted WQI were applied to classify groundwater quality. The results from the two methods were comparable to a large extend. More population living in plain rather than mountain resulted in a gradual deterioration trend of groundwater quality from mountain to plain. The samples with poor water quality were almost collected in the area with heavy industrial and agricultural activities. The CRITIC-weighted WQI was recommended for groundwater quality assessment. A simple classification criterion was reformulated based on the MHS hazard index analysis. The groundwaters in the two research fields were not seriously polluted, but potential risks should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Meena M, Sonigra P, Yadav G. Biological-based methods for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2485-2508. [PMID: 33095900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current scenario of increased population and industrial advancement leads to the spoliation of freshwater and tapper of the quality of water. These results decrease in freshwater bodies near all of the areas. Besides, organic and inorganic compounds discharged from different sources into the available natural water bodies are the cause of pollution. The occurrence of heavy metals in water and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air is responsible for a vast range of negative impacts on the atmosphere and human health. Nonetheless, high uses of heavy metals for human purposes may alter the biochemical and geochemical equilibrium. The major air contaminants which are released into the surroundings known as VOCs are produced through different kinds of sources, such as petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. VOCs are known to cause various health hazards. VOCs are a pivotal group of chemicals that evaporate readily at room temperature. To get over this problem, biofiltration technology has been evolved for the treatment of heavy metals using biological entities such as plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Biofiltration technology is a beneficial and sustainable method for the elimination of toxic pollutants from the aquatic environment. Various types of biological technologies ranging from biotrickling filters to biofilters have been developed and they are cost-effective, simple to fabricate, and easy to perform. A significant advantage of this process is the pollutant that is transformed into biodegradable trashes which can decompose within an average time period, thus yielding no secondary pollutants. The aim of this article is to scrutinize the role of biofiltration in the removal of heavy metals in wastewater and VOCs and also to analyze the recent bioremediation technologies and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
| | - Priyankaraj Sonigra
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Garima Yadav
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
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Vaiphei SP, Kurakalva RM, Sahadevan DK. Water quality index and GIS-based technique for assessment of groundwater quality in Wanaparthy watershed, Telangana, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45041-45062. [PMID: 32779065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of 58 groundwater samples collected in the virgin area of Wanaparthy watershed (1600 km2), Telangana, India, to assess the hydrochemistry, quality, water types and potability using hydrogeochemical characterization, WQI and GIS technique. Major ions concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, F-, NO3- and SO42- in groundwater were analysed using ion chromatography (IC). Physicochemical values of the potential of hydrogen (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined using Hanna portable meters, while total hardness (TH), alkalinity and bicarbonates are estimated by titrimetric methods. Results obtained enlighten the major anions and cations, which are found in order of Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > F- and Na+ > Ca+2 > Mg+2 > K+ respectively. Among various ions measured, fluoride (18.97%), chloride (3.44%), nitrate (8.62%), sulphate (5.17%), sodium (34.48%) and calcium (1.72%) were found to above acceptable limit values of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking purposes. According to Piper trilinear diagram, two dominant hydrochemical facies, Na-Cl-SO4 and Ca-Na-HCO3 types, were identified. Gibbs diagram imparted the dominancy of samples in the territory are rock-water reaction and evaporation dominance. WQI shows 67.79% of samples pertain to the excellent to good water types reveal fit for drinking. Drainage pattern enumerated the concentration of the parameters measured are exceeding towards the downstream region, which might be due to the chemical reaction of rock-water interaction (infiltration and recharge). As the groundwater is the major source of drinking in the study area, a proper management plan has to implement before its quality deteriorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suantak Paolalsiam Vaiphei
- Hydrogeochemistry Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Rama Mohan Kurakalva
- Hydrogeochemistry Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI), Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sahadevan
- Geology, Remote Sensing and GIS Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI), Hyderabad, 500007, India
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Haldar S, Ghosh A. Microbial and plant-assisted heavy metal remediation in aquatic ecosystems: a comprehensive review. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:205. [PMID: 32328403 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution in aquatic ecosystems has an adverse effect on both aquatic life forms as well as terrestrial living beings, including humans. Since HMs are recalcitrant, they accumulate in the environment and are subsequently biomagnified through the food chain. Conventional physical and chemical methods used to remove the HMs from aquatic habitats are usually expensive, slow, non-environment friendly, and mostly inefficient. On the contrary, phytoremediation and microbe-assisted remediation technologies have attracted immense attention in recent years and offer a better solution to the problem. These newly emerged remediation technologies are eco-friendly, efficient and cost-effective. Both phytoremediation and microbe-assisted remediation technologies adopt different mechanisms for HM bioremediation in aquatic ecosystems. Recent advancement of molecular tools has contributed significantly to better understand the mechanisms of metal adsorption, translocation, sequestration, and tolerance in plants and microbes. Albeit immense possibilities to use such bioremediation as a successful environmental clean-up technology, it is yet to be successfully implemented in the field conditions. This review article comprehensively discusses HM accumulation in Indian aquatic environments. Furthermore, it describes the effect of HMs accumulation in the aquatic environment and the role of phytoremediation as well as microbe-assisted remediation in mitigation of the HM toxicity. Finally, the review concludes with a note on the challenges, opportunities and future directions for bioremediation in the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamalina Haldar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Asutosh College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700026 India
| | - Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata, 700054 India
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Bhardwaj S, Soni R, Gupta SK, Shukla DP. Mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium in waters of the Singrauli coal mining and power plants industrial zone, Central East India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:251. [PMID: 32215781 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation is an attempt to assess the contamination of heavy metals in the ground and surface water of the Singrauli industrial belt area. Pollution indices like heavy metal index (HPI), contamination index (CD) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) are used for the evaluation of heavy metal pollution (arsenic As, mercury Hg, cadmium Cd, and lead Pb). Contour maps are constructed to interpret metal spatial distribution. Further, the land-use/land-cover (LULC) maps for the year 2000, 2010 and 2016 are prepared using Landsat satellite data. A total of 48 water samples (Groundwater (27), Surface water (21)) are analysed for heavy metal concentration. Eighty-eight percent of groundwater and 90% of surface water samples are contaminated with Hg. Similarly, high concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in the samples. Surprisingly, all the water samples have As concentration above the WHO permissible limit of 10 ppb. Further, 95% of the samples have an HPI value greater than 100 indicating high heavy metal contamination. CD value denotes contamination of 89% of the samples with heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd, Pb). Through spatial distribution, it can be interpreted that most of the contaminated samples lie near thermal power plants, ash ponds, and coal mines. LULC (land use/land cover) study shows a significant decrease in water bodies by (108 km2), agricultural land by (54 km2) and bare/fallow land by (51 km2) from 2000 to 2016. During these 16 years, there has been a fourfold increase in the overburden, a threefold increase in dumping yards, a 2.5 times increase in urban areas, and a twofold increase in mining areas. Both the environment and the water quality are deteriorating at an alarming rate. Such scientific investigations are relevant for risk management studies of potable water. The knowledge acquired from such assessment shall be considered with utmost priority by concerned authority considering degrading water quality in the study area. Hence, this study is applicable for designing action plans and control measures to reduce water resource pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Bhardwaj
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Room No. 301, A-4 Building, IIT Mandi, South Campus, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Richa Soni
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Room No. 301, A-4 Building, IIT Mandi, South Campus, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Sharad Kumar Gupta
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Room No. 301, A-4 Building, IIT Mandi, South Campus, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Dericks P Shukla
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Room No. 301, A-4 Building, IIT Mandi, South Campus, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India.
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Evaluation of seasonal and temporal variations of groundwater quality around Jawaharnagar municipal solid waste dumpsite of Hyderabad city, India. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Fallah B, Richter A, Ng KTW, Salama A. Effects of groundwater metal contaminant spatial distribution on overlaying kriged maps. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22945-22957. [PMID: 31177420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a major source of drinking water for many Canadians, and contamination by heavy metals poses a significant risk to people and the environment. In this study, three water quality indices are studied in the vicinity of an unlined landfill in a semiarid climate. The study investigates indices using geostatistical analysis and ordinary kriging. This study employs a novel coupling technique in order to compare the index-based maps to a groundwater quality map from overlapping heavy metal kriged maps. A total of 11 heavy metals were evaluated in preliminary analysis, but only four (Mn, As, Fe, and U) had higher concentrations than allowable limits in some or all of the monitoring wells at the site. Results from mean-based classification of indices suggest the aquifer in proximity to the landfill has been impacted by metal contaminants. Kriged maps show that the spatial variations of Mn and U are similar, while results of Fe and As are also similar. However, the two sets of maps have distinctly different patterns. Maps for indices show an elevated plateau extending from the unlined landfill to the southeast corner, implying that the landfill may have negatively impacted groundwater quality. A groundwater quality map is developed by overlaying the heavy metal maps. The resulting map shows that the north and west parts of the study have lower groundwater pollution with respect to metal contaminants. The groundwater quality map may be more applicable for practitioners who need comprehensive water quality measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Fallah
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Amy Richter
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Amgad Salama
- Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
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Variation Characteristics of the Main Hydrochemical Indexes in Typical Subterranean Rivers in the South China Karst Region Based on Curve Fitting. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:2787349. [PMID: 30956623 PMCID: PMC6431405 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2787349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The water quality of subterranean rivers in the South China Karst region has undergone dramatic changes resulting from industrial and social development over the past 60 years. The combination of sampling results from subterranean rivers in four typical study areas in the South China Karst region from October to December 2015 (dry season) and correlation analysis using SPSS revealed that the main ions K+, Na+, and SO42- exhibited a significant correlation (p<0.01) and that Ca2+, HCO3-, and Mg2+ exhibited a good correlation (p<0.01). Additionally, we consolidated the data collected since 1960 and, by applying MATLAB, a variety of fitting curve methods were used to fit all the data, and the results showed that cubic spline interpolation fitting performed the best. The squared correlation coefficients (R2) of the obtained fitting curves for Ca2+, HCO3-, and Mg2+ are 0.8545, 0.8689, and 0.7632, respectively, and the corrected R2 values are 0.6739, 0.7088, and 0.4853, respectively. The R2 values of the obtained fitting curves for K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- are 0.9085, 0.8964, 0.7531, 0.6222, and 0.7997, respectively, and the corrected R2 values are 0.7904, 0.7669, 0.5272, 0.2815, and 0.6127, respectively, indicating excellent fits. Based on the fitting curves, the overall water quality conditions in the karst region were analyzed and compared. Finally, the development of subterranean rivers in the South China Karst region was determined. Based on the results, the following conclusions can be drawn: the development of the subterranean rivers is indeed a slow process, but water quality can change rapidly in response to the transformation of industrial society. Additionally, the results indicate the crucial importance of urban planning that takes into account environmental protection during development in karst regions. This study aims to provide a basis for the management of karst areas and the improvement of groundwater quality by evaluating geochemical processes.
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Sljivic Husejnovic M, Bergant M, Jankovic S, Zizek S, Smajlovic A, Softic A, Music O, Antonijevic B. Assessment of Pb, Cd and Hg soil contamination and its potential to cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human cell lines (CaCo-2 and HaCaT). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1557-1572. [PMID: 29362944 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals is a serious global environmental problem, especially for developing countries. A large number of industrial plants, which continually pollute the environment, characterize Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study was to assess the level of soil pollution by heavy metals and to estimate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soil leachates from this area. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were analyzed by ICP-AES and AAS. Soil contamination was assessed using contamination factor, degree of contamination, geoaccumulation index and pollution load index. To determine the connection of variables and understanding their origin in soils, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used. The results indicate that Cd and Hg originated from natural and anthropogenic activities, while Pb is of anthropogenic origin. For toxicity evaluation, CaCo-2 and HaCaT cells were used. PrestoBlue assay was used for cytotoxicity testing, and γH2A.X for genotoxicity evaluation. Concerning cytotoxicity, Cd and Hg had a positive correlation with cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells, but only Hg induced cytotoxicity in CaCo-2 cells. We also demonstrate that soil leachates contaminated by heavy metals can induce genotoxicity in both used cell lines. According to these results, combining bioassays with standard physicochemical analysis can be useful for evaluating environmental and health risks more accurately. These results are important for developing proper management strategies to decrease pollution. This is one of the first studies from this area and an important indication of soil quality in Southeast Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Bergant
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Sasa Jankovic
- Institute for Hygiene and Technology of Meat, Institutions Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Zizek
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Aida Smajlovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adaleta Softic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Omer Music
- Faculty of Mining, Geology and Civil Engineering, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Charles IA, Nubi OA, Adelopo AO, Oginni ET. Heavy metals pollution index of surface water from Commodore channel, Lagos, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajest2018.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Tiwari AK, De Maio M. Assessment of Sulphate and Iron Contamination and Seasonal Variations in the Water Resources of a Damodar Valley Coalfield, India: A Case Study. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:271-279. [PMID: 29222710 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the sulphate [Formula: see text] and iron (Fe) contamination and seasonal variations in the water resources (groundwater, surface water, and mine water) of the West Bokaro coalfield region, India. One hundred and twenty-four water resources samples were collected from the coalfield during the post- and pre-monsoon seasons. The concentrations of [Formula: see text] were determined using ion chromatography and Fe concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A statistical analysis was used to easily understand the seasonal variations of the elements in the water resources of the area. The concentrations of [Formula: see text] and Fe in the water resources were higher in the pre-monsoon season than in the post-monsoon season, irrespective of location. The water resources of the coalfield were contaminated with high concentrations of [Formula: see text] and Fe, and would require suitable treatment before drinking, domestic and industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Tiwari
- DIATI-Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marina De Maio
- DIATI-Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
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Zhang Y, Chu C, Li T, Xu S, Liu L, Ju M. A water quality management strategy for regionally protected water through health risk assessment and spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in 3 marine reserves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:721-731. [PMID: 28499221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe water pollution and resource scarcity is a major problem in China, where it is necessary to establish water quality-oriented monitoring and intelligent watershed management. In this study, an effective watershed management method is explored, in which water quality is first assessed using the heavy metal pollution index and the human health risk index, and then by classifying the pollution and management grade based on cluster analysis and GIS visualization. Three marine reserves in Tianjin were selected and analyzed, namely the Tianjin Ancient Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve (Qilihai Natural Reserve), the Tianjin DaShentang Oyster Reef National Marine Special Reserve (DaShentang Reserve), and the Tianjin Coastal Wetland National Marine Special Reserve (BinHai Wetland Reserve) which is under construction. The water quality and potential human health risks of 5 heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Cr) in the three reserves were assessed using the Nemerow index and USEPA methods. Moreover, ArcGIS10.2 software was used to visualize the heavy metal index and display their spatial distribution. Cluster analysis enabled classification of the heavy metals into 4 categories, which allowed for identification of the heavy metals whose pollution index and health risks were highest, and, thus, whose control in the reserve is a priority. Results indicate that heavy metal pollution exists in the Qilihai Natural Reserve and in the north and east of the DaShentang Reserve; furthermore, human health risks exist in the Qilihai Natural Reserve and in the BinHai Wetland Reserve. In each reserve, the main factor influencing the pollution and health risk were high concentrations of As and Pb that exceed the corresponding standards. Measures must be adopted to control and remediate the pollutants. Furthermore, to protect the marine reserves, management policies must be implemented to improve water quality, which is an urgent task for both local and national governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunli Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengguo Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Meiting Ju
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China.
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Fallahzadeh RA, Ghaneian MT, Miri M, Dashti MM. Spatial analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals concentration in drinking water resources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24790-24802. [PMID: 28913756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals available in drinking water can be considered as a threat to human health. Oncogenic risk of such metals is proven in several studies. Present study aimed to investigate concentration of the heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in 39 water supply wells and 5 water reservoirs within the cities Ardakan, Meibod, Abarkouh, Bafgh, and Bahabad. The spatial distribution of the concentration was carried out by the software ArcGIS. Such simulations as non-carcinogenic hazard and lifetime cancer risk were conducted for lead and nickel using Monte Carlo technique. The sensitivity analysis was carried out to find the most important and effective parameters on risk assessment. The results indicated that concentration of all metals in 39 wells (except iron in 3 cases) reached the levels mentioned in EPA, World Health Organization, and Pollution Control Department standards. Based on the spatial distribution results at all studied regions, the highest concentrations of metals were derived, respectively, for iron and zinc. Calculated HQ values for non-carcinogenic hazard indicated a reasonable risk. Average lifetime cancer risks for the lead in Ardakan and nickel in Meibod and Bahabad were shown to be 1.09 × 10-3, 1.67 × 10-1, and 2 × 10-1, respectively, demonstrating high carcinogenic risk compared to similar standards and studies. The sensitivity analysis suggests high impact of concentration and BW in carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ali Fallahzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Mehdi Dashti
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Risk Assessment System Based on WebGIS for Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soils in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kumar V, Singh S, Krishan G. Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Agra District for the Irrigation Purpose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.12944/cwe.12.1.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater quality of Agra district has been assessed considering twelve water quality parameters viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), chloride (Clˉ), bicarbonate (HCO3ˉ), sulfate (SO4²ˉ), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca⁺⁺), magnesium (Mg⁺⁺) and sodium (Na⁺). Data on groundwater quality of fifteen blocks of the Agra district were collected for nine years (2006-2014) from the Ground Water Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh. The data are investigated using Wilcox and Piper diagrams with the help of Aquachem 2011.1 software. The assessment on suitability of groundwater quality for the irrigation purpose is done using sodium percentage (Na%), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) for all the blocks. The results show that groundwater of various blocks of Agra district is of Na⁺- Clˉ, Ca2⁺- Na⁺- HCO3ˉ, Ca²+ - Mg²+ - Clˉ, Ca²+ - HCO3ˉ, Ca²+ - Clˉ, Na⁺- CIˉ, Ca²+ - Mg²+ - Clˉ - SO4²ˉ and Ca²+ - Na+ - HCO3ˉ type. It is also found that the groundwater quality of the blocks Barauli Ahir, Fatehapur Sikari, Saiyan, Achhnera, Shamsabad, Khandouli, Pinahat, Jaitpur Kalan and Bah falls under very good to medium category and can be used for the irrigation purpose. However, the groundwater quality for the blocks Bichpuri, Akola, Fatehabad, Khairagarh, Etmadpur and Jagner falls under Medium to very bad category and hence cannot be used for the irrigation purpose. The outcome of the study would be helpful to the farmers, policy makers and water management authorities in planning and management of irrigation water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- M.Tech Student, Department of Geology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra,
| | - Surjeet Singh
- Scientist, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 237667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Gopal Krishan
- Scientist, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 237667 Uttarakhand India
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