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Baqar M, Naseem S, Tabinda AB, Yao Y, Shahzad M, Mahmood A, Yasar A, Zhao S, Zhang G, Sun H. Distribution, bioaccumulation, and health risk assessment of organochlorines across the riverine ecosystem of Punjab Province, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98377-98388. [PMID: 37608167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the distribution of organochlorines (OCs) in fish species, their spatio-temporal variations, bioaccumulation potential, and associated human health risks via dietary intake. The levels of twenty-three organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and thirty-five polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in six fish species collected from the riverine ecosystem of Punjab Province, Pakistan. The results indicated that the mean levels of Σ23OCPs were 74.1 ng/g ww and 184 ng/g ww, and for Σ35PCBs the levels were 38.8 ng/g ww and 74.8 ng/g ww in herbivorous and carnivorous fish species, respectively. The most abundant contaminants in all fish species were DDTs (65%) and HCHs (14%) among OCPs and heavier PCB congeners (62%) among PCBs. As for dioxin-like PCBs, the WHO toxic equivalency values (ng TEQ/g ww) were in the range of 0.21 (Cyprinus Carpio) to 2.38 (Rita Rita), exceeding the maximum allowable limit of 0.004 ng TEQ/g, ww by the European Commission. Spatio-temporal analysis indicated relatively higher OC levels in winter season with elevated concentrations in fish samples from industrial zone. The bioconcentration factor (L/kg) values ranged from 723 to 2773 for PCBs and 315 to 923 for OCPs in all fish species, with higher levels were reported in carnivorous species. The human health risk assessment at both 50th and 95th percentiles revealed the absence of any significant non-carcinogenic risk as calculated HR was less than 1. However, the critical carcinogenic risk was found to be associated for most of the contaminants, signifying the dietary exposure to OCPs and PCBs might pose the public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Baqar
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Samra Naseem
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amtul Bari Tabinda
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Yasar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Bhandari G, Sharma M, Negi S, Gangola S, Bhatt P, Chen S. System biology analysis of endosulfan biodegradation in bacteria and its effect in other living systems: modeling and simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13171-13183. [PMID: 34622744 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1982773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endosulfan is a broadly applied cyclodiene insecticide which has been in use across 80 countries since last 5 decades. Owing to its recalcitrant nature, endosulfan residues have been reported from air, water and soil causing toxicity to various non-target organisms. Microbial decontamination of endosulfan has been reported previously by several authors. In the current study, we have evaluated the pathways of endosulfan degradation and its hazardous impact on other living beings including insects, humans, plants, aquatic life and environment by in-silico methods. For establishment of the endosulfan metabolism in different ecosystems, cell designer was employed. The established model was thereafter assessed and simulated to understand the biochemical and physiological metabolism of the endosulfan in various systems of the network. Topological investigation analysis of the endosulfan metabolism validated the presence of 207 nodes and 274 edges in the network. We have concluded that biomagnification of the endosulfan generally occurs in the various elements of the ecosystem. Dynamics study of endosulfan degrading enzymes suggested the important role of monooxygenase I, II and hydrolase in endosulfan bioremediation. Endosulfan shows toxicity in human beings, fishes and plants, however it is biodegraded by the microbes. To date, there are no reports of in- silico analysis of bioremediation of endosulfan and its hazardous effects on the environment. Thus, this report can be important in terms of modelling and simulation of biodegradation network of endosulfan and similar compounds and their impact on several other systems.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukund Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shalini Negi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saurabh Gangola
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal Campus, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang C, Lim W, Song G. Immunotoxicological effects of insecticides in exposed fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109064. [PMID: 33905824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds used in agriculture that develop near aquatic environments easily spill into rivers or lakes. As a result, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides are observed worldwide in aquatic environments and accumulated in aquatic organism. Many insecticides, including organochlorine and organophosphate, have long been banned long ago because of their high persistence and non-target toxicity. However, previous studies have shown that persistent pesticides remain in aquatic organisms. The immune system is the first defense mechanism against exposure to persistent organic pollutants or pesticides that have been released into the aquatic environment. Many insecticides have been reported to cause immunotoxicity, which is represented by alteration of phagocytic and lysozyme activity. Recent studies show that immunotoxicity by insecticides exerts a more complex mechanism in fish. Insecticides induce immunotoxic effects, such as the release of inflammatory cytokines from head kidney macrophages and inhibition of immune cell proliferation in fish, which can lead to death in severe cases. Even currently used pesticides, such as pyrethroid, with low bioaccumulation have been shown to induce immunotoxicological effects in fish when exposed continuously. Therefore, this review describes the types and bioaccumulation of insecticides that cause immunotoxicity and detailed immunotoxicological mechanisms in fish tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Taufeeq A, Baqar M, Sharif F, Mumtaz M, Ullah S, Aslam S, Qadir A, Majid M, Jun H. Assessment of organochlorine pesticides and health risk in tobacco farming associated with River Barandu of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38774-38791. [PMID: 33742378 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pesticide pollution through tobacco fields is a serious threat to both natural integrities and living beings because tobacco is known as a pesticide-intensive crop. Upsurge in the knowledge of detrimental impacts caused by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has made them a burning issue particularly in developing countries. Pakistan is a country famous for its agro-based economy and simultaneously is the second most significant pesticide consumer in South Asian countries. The studied area is tobacco hub of the country. Thus, the present work is aimed to investigate the contamination profile that highlights the ecological and health risk posed by OCPs in River Barandu, located in the proximity of tobacco farming region. ΣOCP levels in sediments ranged between 32.918 and 98.810 ng/g and in water between 0.340 and 0.935 μg/L. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and heptachlor were the most prevailing pesticides in both matrices of the river. Isomeric composition of DDTs and HCHs highlighted that the β-HCH and p,p'-DDT were dominant isomers in water, while α-HCH and p,p'-DDT in sediment compartment. Enantiomeric compositions of HCH and DDT indicate both recent and historic uses of these compounds in the area. Indirect contamination through nearby tobacco clusters has been depicted through spatial analysis. Ecological risk assessment based upon the risk quotient (RQ) method revealed that α-endosulfan, dieldrin, heptachlor, and ∑HCHs represent a very high level of ecological risks. The OCPs' lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with dermal exposure to river's water were considered nominal for surrounding populations. However, detailed ecological and health risk studies are recommended considering the bio-accumulating nature of these contaminants in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Taufeeq
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sami Ullah
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Aslam
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Muzaffar Majid
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huang Jun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Gao Y, Zheng H, Xia Y, Cai M. Global scale distribution, seasonal changes and long-range transport potentiality of endosulfan in the surface seawater and air. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127634. [PMID: 32683032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan I, II, and sulfate were detected in the atmosphere and surface seawater on a global scale during three Chinese National Arctic-Antarctic Research Expeditions in 2016 and 2017. Concentrations of the three species displayed seasonal variations in seawater in the Northern Hemisphere but remained steadily low on Antarctic coasts. Endosulfan sulfate was predominant in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas isomer I was more abundant in the Southern Hemisphere. Endosulfan was detected in the atmosphere over the western Pacific Ocean but rarely in the central Arctic and North Atlantic oceans. Its concentration in seawater increased with increasing latitude in the Southern Ocean. Although fugacity ratios indicate a strong potential for deposition of endosulfan, air-seawater exchange may be slow, as suggested by the large differences between atmospheric and seawater concentrations. Ocean current endosulfan loads varied markedly between seasons. Three-day backward trajectories indicate that Northeast Asia is the major source of atmospheric endosulfan in the western Pacific Ocean, whereas the central Arctic and North Atlantic oceans are affected more by local air masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yinyue Xia
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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Hinojosa-Garro D, Osten JRV, Dzul-Caamal R. Banded tetra (Astyanax aeneus) as bioindicator of trace metals in aquatic ecosystems of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: Experimental biomarkers validation and wild populations biomonitoring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110477. [PMID: 32200148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioindicator organisms are important tools in environmental monitoring studies. Understanding this, the overall goal of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity and viability of the native fish species Banded tetra, (Astyanax aeneus; Günther, 1860), widely spread in the aquatic ecosystems of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, as a bioindicator organism. In order to do this, we performed a bioassay at sublethal concentrations using copper (CuSO4) to experimentally evaluate and validate the relationship between the trace metals and oxidative stress biomarkers response [(catalase (CAT), lipoperoxidation content (LPO)], detoxification [(glutathione S-transferase (GST), metallothionein content (MT)] and neurotoxicity (AChE) in muscle of A. aeneus. Results showed changes in biomarkers after 96 h: Catalase activity (CAT) was significantly higher above 1.5 and 2 mg/L (154.35 and 172.50% increase, respectively); lipid peroxidation contents (TBARS), GST activity, and MT content were very similar to CAT activity at 1.5 and 2 mg/L of Cu. In terms of neurotoxicity, AChE activity was significantly inhibited at 0.1 mg/L (64%; p < 0.001) and 0.5 mg/L (44%; p < 0.001) of Cu. Based on the bioassay results, we performed a trace metal monitoring campaign in muscle of A. aeneus caught in 15 sites with different anthropogenic activities, during the summer of 2017, to establish a baseline of trace metals pollution in the state of Campeche. A. aeneus showed the highest trace metal accumulation in the following order: Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Hg > Cr > Pb > Cd > V > As, while sites were arrange as follows: Xnoha lagoon > Palizada River > Candelaria River > Ululmal > Maravillas > López Mateos. PCA showed a cluster between biomarkers (GST, CAT, TBARS, and MT) and concentration of metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn, Hg and Cr). Conversely, AChE inhibition was not related to a specific metal, but highest inhibitions (>50%) were present in those sites with intensive agricultural practices. These results determined that, based on its physiological response and trace metal bioaccumulation, Astyanax aeneus can be considered a good bioindicator for evaluating the presence of trace metals in tropical aquatic systems of the Yucatan Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demián Hinojosa-Garro
- Laboratorio en Ecología Acuática y Monitoreo Ambiental, CEDESU, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroe de Nacozari No. 480, 24070, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Jaime Rendón-von Osten
- Instituto EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroe de Nacozari No. 480, 24070, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Dzul-Caamal
- Instituto EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroe de Nacozari No. 480, 24070, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico.
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Di S, Diao J, Wang X, Qi P, Wang Z, Xu H, Zhang H, Wang X, Han J. Bioaccumulation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in carp in a water/sediment microcosm: important role of sediment particulate matter and bioturbation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9500-9507. [PMID: 30726537 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are reservoirs and sources of DDTs to the aquatic ecosystem. However, the role of sediment particulate matter and benthic organisms in transferring DDTs remains unclear. In this study, microcosms were built up with different groups to simulate a freshwater system with DDT-contaminated sediment and organisms. The impacts of different exposure routes (water and sediment) on the changes of DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) in carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. The bioturbation of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) was investigated to understand the fate and transfer of DDTs in aquatic environment. For the sediment treatment, the concentrations of o,p'-DDT in carp were significantly higher than those of p,p'-DDT, and the metallothionein (MT) content decreased. The bioaccumulation of DDTs in carp via sediment particulate matter was significantly higher/faster than that via overlying water. T. tubifex and sediment particulate matter accelerate DDT bioaccumulation in carp. Selective enrichment of the (+)-o,p'-DDT and (+)-o,p'-DDD was found in carp. These results help to reduce uncertainty in ecological and health risk assessments and to better understand the risk of DDTs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Peipei Qi
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road 298, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Jiajun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Baqar M, Sadef Y, Ahmad SR, Mahmood A, Li J, Zhang G. Organochlorine pesticides across the tributaries of River Ravi, Pakistan: Human health risk assessment through dermal exposure, ecological risks, source fingerprints and spatio-temporal distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:291-305. [PMID: 29131997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study monitored the human health risks through dermal exposure, hazardous risks to ecological integrity, contamination levels, spatio-temporal distribution, and congener specific analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) across River Ravi and its three northern tributaries (Nullah Bein, Nullah Basanter and Nullah Deg). The residual levels of OCPs isomers were screened for water (n=54) and surface sediment (n=54) samples from twenty seven sampling sites in two alternate seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon). The ∑OCPs concentrations ranged from 13.61 to 1992.18ng/g dry weight and 12.89 to 128.16ng/L with predominance of β-endosulfan and p,p'-DDT in sediment and water matrixes, respectively. Distribution pattern revealed significantly higher concentrations in upstream and midstream, suggesting considerable transboundary OCPs pollution. Calculated ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH, o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT, (DDE+DDD)/∑DDTs and cis/trans-chlordane for water and sediments identified the fresh addition of lindane, technical DDTs and chlordane in the study area. Risk quotient (RQ) based ecological risk was found to be >1 at all studied streams during both seasons and elucidates higher risks for endosulfan (α-endosulfan) and endrin. Human health risk assessment indicated absence of hazardous (non-carcinogenic) risk through bathing in studied streams; as the hazard index values ranged from 1.09E-05 to 2.48E-02 (acceptable limit; <1). However, the calculated carcinogenic risk possessed by OCPs through dermal exposure ranged from 1.39E-10 to 1.98E-05 that highlighted the considerable carcinogenic risk associated to aldrin, dieldrin, p,p'-DDT and β-endosulfan at certain studied sites. Therefore, the high levels of ecological risk and carcinogenic human health risk had emphasized an immediate elimination of ongoing OCPs addition in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore (54590), Pakistan.
| | - Yumna Sadef
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore (54590), Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore (54590), Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot (51310), Pakistan; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Riaz G, Tabinda AB, Baqar M, Mahmood A, Mumtaz M, Qadir A, Yasar A, Safaei Khorram M. Human Health Risk Surveillance Through the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Water, Sediments, and Fish from the Chenab River, Pakistan. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1372467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Riaz
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amtul Bari Tabinda
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Yasar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahdi Safaei Khorram
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou, China
- NTT Institute of High-Technology, Nhuyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Duodu GO, Goonetilleke A, Ayoko GA. Factors influencing organochlorine pesticides distribution in the Brisbane River Estuarine sediment, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:349-356. [PMID: 28918006 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sediment samples collected from Brisbane River were analysed for organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs). The factors influencing OCPs distribution in the sediment were investigated using multivariate analytical tools. Thirteen OCPs were detected in the sediment with concentrations ranging between below detection to 83.9ng/g, and detection frequency >90%. With the exception of dieldrin, the OCP inputs appear to be historical and may cause adverse ecological impacts. Multi-criteria ranking of the factors influencing the OCPs (except dieldrin) distribution in the sediment revealed that TOC>silt>intensive urban land use>population>seasons. Dieldrin distribution is significantly influenced by season>TOC>silt>intensive urban land use>population. The study helps to prioritise factors required for managing OCPs contamination in sediments and identification of appropriate mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Odame Duodu
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, 2 George St, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Ashantha Goonetilleke
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, 2 George St, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, 2 George St, QLD 4001, Australia.
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Da C, Wu K, Jin J, Yu M. Levels and Sources of Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Sediment from Anhui Reach of Huaihe River, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:784-790. [PMID: 28421253 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in Anhui reach of Huaihe river, China. Seventeen out of 22 OCPs were detected by GC-MS. The mean concentrations of OCPs followed the order: HCHs > DDTs > HCB > chlordanes > endosulfans. Levels of total HCHs and total DDTs ranged from 2.54 to 13.91 ng g-1 (mean = 7.52 ng g-1) and 0.016 to 2.54 ng g-1 (mean = 0.45 ng g-1), respectively. The concentrations of DDTs were lower than those of HCHs. Compared with the other rivers in China, DDTs and HCHs were relatively lower or similar. Statistical analysis indicated that the OCPs concentration differences were not insignificant between upstream, midstream and downstream. The compound compositions suggested that historical usage of lindane and fresh DDT were the main sources. The regression analysis indicated that TOC has influence on the levels of HCHs and little influence on the levels of DDTs in the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnian Da
- Department of Biology and Environment Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China.
| | - Ke Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Minjun Yu
- BoZhou University Department of biological and chemical engineering, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Di S, Liu R, Tian Z, Cheng C, Chen L, Zhang W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Assessment of tissue-specific accumulation, elimination and toxic effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in carp through aquatic food web. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2288. [PMID: 28536421 PMCID: PMC5442124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcosms containing DDT spiked-sediment, Tubifex tubifex and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were constructed to simulate a freshwater system. The accumulation, elimination and toxic effects of DDT (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT), and its metabolites DDD (p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDD) and DDE (p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDE) were studied in T. tubifex and carp. Tissue/organ distributions of DDTs were also investigated in carp. The bioaccumulation and elimination of DDT differed in T. tubifex, carp and its tissues/organs. Unimodal or bimodal distributions were observed, and the concentrations of DDT metabolites (DDD and p,p'-DDE) increased over time. The carp organ with the highest concentrations of DDTs (DDT, DDD and DDE) was the gill. The largest mass distribution of DDTs was also in gill, followed by muscle and gastrointestinal tract. Maximum levels of DDTs in whole carp and carp muscle were 161 and 87 ng/g, respectively; therefore, the levels of DDTs observed in carp in this study were insufficient to constitute a health concern if present in fish for human consumption. Significant changes were observed in some biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione, and carboxylesterase, in T. tubifex and carp tissues during DDT exposure. Tissue-specific accumulation of DDTs in carp can be a key indicator of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruiquan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongnan Tian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Valdespino C, Sosa VJ. Effect of landscape tree cover, sex and season on the bioaccumulation of persistent organochlorine pesticides in fruit bats of riparian corridors in eastern Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:373-382. [PMID: 28236707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Riparian forests are recognized as important ecosystems for biodiversity conservation in transformed landscapes. Many animal species that use this type of vegetation facilitate its recovery through pollination and seed dispersal. In landscapes dominated by agrosystems and cattle ranching, persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the riparian system may have an effect on the physiology and fitness of animals. In this study, we measured bioaccumulation of OCPs in the most abundant frugivorous bat, Sturnira hondurensis, from the upper part of La Antigua basin, Veracruz, Mexico and, from these data, estimated accumulation by the frugivorous bat community of riparian forests in contrasting, transformed (TL) and forested (FL) landscapes. Concentration of ΣDDT, Σdrines, Σclordano, ΣHCH, Σheptachlor and Σendosulfan was measured by gas-chromatography in 23 female and 33 male adult Sturnira captured during the dry and rainy seasons. Using censored data statistics, we found that the sex of the individual was significant for ΣHCH, and that interactions of landscape type (TL vs. FL) and season (dry vs. wet), and sex and season were significant for Σendosulfan and Σdrines, respectively. Mean ΣDDT (6.86 μg/g) and ΣHCH (28.22 μg/g) concentrations were lower than those reported for frugivorous bats in India but concentrations of Σdrines (13.86 μg/g) were higher than those reported in insectivorous bats. In our study sites, frugivorous bats are bioaccumulating higher amounts of OCPs in TL than in FL. We discuss the potential of this species as a bio-indicator of OCPs contamination in river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valdespino
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, Ver., 91070, Mexico.
| | - Vinicio J Sosa
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, Ver., 91070, Mexico.
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