1
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Luo C, Zhang Q, Zheng S, Wang D, Huang W, Huang Y, Shi X, Xie H, Wu K. Visual toxicity in zebrafish larvae following exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), and isopropyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate (IPPP). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175131. [PMID: 39127212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
TPhP and IPPP, alternatives to PBDEs as flame retardants, have been studied for their developmental toxicity, but their visual toxicities are less understood. In this study, zebrafish larvae were exploited to evaluate the potential ocular impairments following exposure to BDE-47, TPhP, and IPPP. The results revealed a range of ocular abnormalities, including malformation, vascular issues within the eyes, and histopathological changes in the retina. Notably, the visually mediated behavioral changes were primarily observed in IPPP and TPhP, indicating that they caused more severe eye malformations and vision impairment than BDE-47. Molecular docking and MD simulations showed stronger binding affinity of TPhP and IPPP to RAR and RBP receptors. Elevated ROS and T3 levels induced by these compounds led to apoptosis in larvae eyes, and increased GABA levels induced by TPhP and IPPP hindered retinal repair. In summary, our results indicate TPhP and IPPP exhibit severer visual toxicity than BDE-47, affecting eye development and visually guided behaviors. The underlying mechanism involves disruptions in RA signaling, retinal neurotransmitters imbalance, thyroid hormones up-regulation, and apoptosis in larvae eyes. This work highlights novel insights into the need for cautious use of these flame retardants due to their potential biological hazards, thereby offering valuable guidance for their safer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Dinghui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Li L, Dong K, Li L, Li Q, Su Y, Zong C. Adverse effects of thimerosal on the early life stages of zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 287:110046. [PMID: 39307513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Thimerosal (THI) is an organic mercury compound that is widely used in drugs, vaccines and antibacterial products. Its extensive production and use have resulted in significant environmental contamination, posing a considerable threat to aquatic life. However, the knowledge of the toxicity of THI to aquatic organisms is still insufficient. In this study, we conducted a 5-day THI exposure experiment using zebrafish, from 0 to 5 days post fertilization (dpf). The possible adverse effects of THI on the early-life stages of zebrafish were explored by investigating variations in their physiological parameters, behavioral traits, and neurotransmitter levels. The results showed THI exhibited significant developmental toxicity to aquatic organisms. Exposure to THI significantly induced serious malformation (at 50 μg/L), accelerated hatching, and elevated heart rate (at 5 and 50 μg/L). The behavioral traits of zebrafish larvae had an increased first and then decreased relationship with increasing concentration of THI, which induced hyperactivity at 0.5 μg/L but opposite at 50 μg/L. Furthermore, exposure to 50 μg/L THI significantly raised levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, DA, DOPAC and ACH in zebrafish larvae. In addition, several significant correlations between behavioral traits and the neurotransmitter contents were detected, which seemed to reveal an important mechanism of the neurobehavioral toxicity of THI to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Li
- The school of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Kejun Dong
- The school of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - LeYan Li
- The school of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qingchen Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youqin Su
- The school of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chenrui Zong
- The school of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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3
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Uddin MH, Ritu JR, Putnala SK, Rachamalla M, Chivers DP, Niyogi S. Selenium toxicity in fishes: A current perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143214. [PMID: 39214409 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have led to increased levels of contaminants that pose significant threats to aquatic organisms, particularly fishes. One such contaminant is Selenium (Se), a metalloid which is released by various industrial activities including mining and fossil fuel combustion. Selenium is crucial for various physiological functions, however it can bioaccumulate and become toxic at elevated concentrations. Given that fishes are key predators in aquatic ecosystems and a major protein source for humans, Se accumulation raises considerable ecological and food safety concerns. Selenium induces toxicity at the cellular level by disrupting the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant capacity leading to oxidative damage. Chronic exposure to elevated Se impairs a wide range of critical physiological functions including metabolism, growth and reproduction. Selenium is also a potent teratogen and induces various types of adverse developmental effects in fishes, mainly due to its maternal transfer to the eggs. Moreover, that can persist across generations. Furthermore, Se-induced oxidative stress in the brain is a major driver of its neurotoxicity, which leads to impairment of several ecologically important behaviours in fishes including cognition and memory functions, social preference and interactions, and anxiety response. Our review provides an up-to-date and in-depth analysis of the various adverse physiological effects of Se in fishes, while identifying knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future research for greater insights into the impact of Se in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Helal Uddin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Jinnath Rehana Ritu
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Sravan Kumar Putnala
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
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4
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Lin Y, Hu L, Li X, Ma J, Li Q, Yuan X, Zhang Y. The beneficial and toxic effects of selenium on zebrafish. A systematic review of the literature. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae062. [PMID: 38645626 PMCID: PMC11031411 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an important and essential trace element in organisms, but its effects on organisms are also a "double-edged sword". Selenium deficiency or excess can endanger the health of humans and animals. In order to thoroughly understand the nutritional value and toxicity hazards of selenium, researchers have conducted many studies on the model animal zebrafish. However, there is a lack of induction and summary of relevant research on which selenium acts on zebrafish. This paper provides a review of the reported studies. Firstly, this article summarizes the benefits of selenium on zebrafish from three aspects: Promoting growth, Enhancing immune function and anti-tumor ability, Antagonizing some pollutants, such as mercury. Then, three aspects of selenium toxicity to zebrafish are introduced: nervous system and behavior, reproductive system and growth, and damage to some organs. This article also describes how different forms of selenium compounds have different effects on zebrafish health. Finally, prospects for future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshan Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xinhang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Qipeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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5
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Rodwell V, Patil M, Kuht HJ, Neuhauss SCF, Norton WHJ, Thomas MG. Zebrafish Optokinetic Reflex: Minimal Reporting Guidelines and Recommendations. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 38275725 PMCID: PMC10813647 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Optokinetic reflex (OKR) assays in zebrafish models are a valuable tool for studying a diverse range of ophthalmological and neurological conditions. Despite its increasing popularity in recent years, there are no clear reporting guidelines for the assay. Following reporting guidelines in research enhances reproducibility, reduces bias, and mitigates underreporting and poor methodologies in published works. To better understand optimal reporting standards for an OKR assay in zebrafish, we performed a systematic literature review exploring the animal, environmental, and technical factors that should be considered. Using search criteria from three online databases, a total of 109 research papers were selected for review. Multiple crucial factors were identified, including larval characteristics, sample size, fixing method, OKR set-up, distance of stimulus, detailed stimulus parameters, eye recording, and eye movement analysis. The outcome of the literature analysis highlighted the insufficient information provided in past research papers and the lack of a systematic way to present the parameters related to each of the experimental factors. To circumvent any future errors and champion robust transparent research, we have created the zebrafish optokinetic (ZOK) reflex minimal reporting guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rodwell
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Manjiri Patil
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Helen J. Kuht
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - William H. J. Norton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mervyn G. Thomas
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
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6
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Wei S, Qiu L, Ru S, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhang X. Bisphenol S disrupts opsins gene expression and impairs the light-sensing function via antagonizing TH-TRβ signaling pathway in zebrafish larvae. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113588. [PMID: 36574878 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is extensively used in "bisphenol A-free" products such as baby bottles. Although the visual toxicity of BPS has been reported, the underlying mechanism was largely unknown. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to 0, 4 and 400 nM BPS from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf to further explore the thyroid disruption mechanism underlying the BPS induced impairment of visual function. The results showed that BPS decreased T3 levels in larval eyes, induced retinal expression of thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ), and thereby down-regulated the expression of TH-mediated opsin genes (opn1lw1, opn1lw2, opn1mw1, opn1mw2, opn1mw3, and opn1sw2) and impaired subsequent phototransduction pathways, leading to decreased visually mediated phototactic response and body color adaptation but stimulated visual motor response (VMR). Combining exposure of exogenous T3 or 1-850 (antagonist for TRβ) with BPS could partly compensate the inhibited expression of opsin genes (opn1mw2, opn1lw1, and opn1lw2) and alleviate the hyperactivity of larval VMR caused by BPS alone, suggesting that BPS disrupted the opsins expression and also light-sensing function via antagonizing TH-TRβ signaling pathway. This study underlined the importance of TH signaling in regulating the proper vision and proposed a novel mechanism for the visual toxicity of BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wei
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Liguo Qiu
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, PR China.
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7
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Attaran A, Salahinejad A, Naderi M, Crane AL, Chivers DP, Niyogi S. Transgenerational effects of selenomethionine on behaviour, social cognition, and the expression of genes in the serotonergic pathway in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117289. [PMID: 33971468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of contaminants from human activities have become a major threat to animals, particularly within aquatic ecosystems. Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring element with a narrow range of safe intake, but excessive Se has toxicological effects, as it can bioaccumulate and cause cognitive and behavioural impairments. In this study, we investigated whether exposure to Se would also have transgenerational effects, causing changes in the descendants of exposed individuals. We exposed adult female zebrafish to either a control diet or environmentally relevant concentrations of dietary Se-Met (3.6, 12.8, 34.1 μg Se/g dry weight) for 90 days. Then, females from each treatment group were bred with untreated males, and the offspring (F1-generation) were raised to adulthood (6 months old) without Se exposure. In behavioural tests, offspring that were maternally exposed to 34.1 μg Se/g showed signs of elevated stress, weaker group preferences, and impaired social learning. Maternal exposure to high levels of Se-Met also led to dysregulation of the serotonergic system via changes in mRNA expression of serotonin receptors, including the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1D subtypes, the serotonin transporter, and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Such perturbations in the serotonergic system, thus, appear to underlie the neurobehavioural deficits that we observed. These findings suggest that Se contamination can have important transgenerational consequences on social behaviour and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoosha Attaran
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Adam L Crane
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada
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8
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Naderi M, Puar P, Zonouzi-Marand M, Chivers DP, Niyogi S, Kwong RWM. A comprehensive review on the neuropathophysiology of selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144329. [PMID: 33445002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, selenium (Se) exerts its biological function as a catalytic entity in a variety of enzymes. From a toxicological perspective, however, Se can become extremely toxic at concentrations slightly above its nutritional levels. Over the last few decades, there has been a growing level of concern worldwide regarding the adverse effects of both inorganic and organic Se compounds on a broad spectrum of neurological functions. A wealth of evidence has shown that exposure to excess Se may compromise the normal functioning of various key proteins, neurotransmitter systems (the glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems), and signaling molecules involved in the control and regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and neuroendocrine functions. Elevated Se exposure has also been suspected to be a risk factor for the development of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Nonetheless, despite the various deleterious effects of excess Se on the central nervous system (CNS), Se neurotoxicity and negative behavioral outcomes are still disregarded at the expense of its beneficial health effects. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of Se and discusses its potential mode of action on different aspects of the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review also provides a brief history of Se discovery and uses, its physicochemical properties, biological roles in the CNS, environmental occurrence, and toxicity. We also review potential links between exposure to different forms of Se compounds and aberrant neurobehavioral functions in humans and animals, and identify key knowledge gaps and hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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9
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Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection and Regeneration in the Zebrafish Retina. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030633. [PMID: 33809186 PMCID: PMC8000332 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative retinal diseases, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, involve a gradual loss of neurons in the retina as the disease progresses. Central nervous system neurons are not able to regenerate in mammals, therefore, an often sought after course of treatment for neuronal loss follows a neuroprotective or regenerative strategy. Neuroprotection is the process of preserving the structure and function of the neurons that have survived a harmful insult; while regenerative approaches aim to replace or rewire the neurons and synaptic connections that were lost, or induce regrowth of damaged axons or dendrites. In order to test the neuroprotective effectiveness or the regenerative capacity of a particular agent, a robust experimental model of retinal neuronal damage is essential. Zebrafish are being used more often in this type of study because their eye structure and development is well-conserved between zebrafish and mammals. Zebrafish are robust genetic tools and are relatively inexpensive to maintain. The large array of functional and behavioral tests available in zebrafish makes them an attractive model for neuroprotection studies. Some common insults used to model retinal disease and study neuroprotection in zebrafish include intense light, chemical toxicity and mechanical damage. This review covers the existing retinal neuroprotection and regeneration literature in the zebrafish and highlights their potential for future studies.
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10
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Mo A, Wang X, Yuan Y, Liu C, Wang J. Effects of waterborne exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of selenite on reproductive function of female zebrafish: A life cycle assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116237. [PMID: 33412467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bioaccumulation of dietary organic selenium (Se) in the ovaries and inhibition of reproduction in female aquatic animals have been reported. However, there is limited data on the subtle reproductive impacts of waterborne exposure to inorganic Se in fish. Here, zebrafish embryos (2 h post-fertilization) were exposed to solutions with environmentally relevant levels of Na2SeO3 with concentrations of 0 (control), 7.98 ± 0.31, 25.14 ± 0.15, and 79.60 ± 0.81 μg Se/L for 120 d until they reached sexual maturity. Female zebrafish were selected for reproductive toxicity assessment. In the early embryonic stage, whole-mount in situ hybridization of zebrafish embryos showed that waterborne Na2SeO3 exposure did not affect the observed location of vasa expression in primordial germ cells at 24, 48, and 72 h post-fertilization. Life-cycle exposure to 25.14 ± 0.15 and 79.60 ± 0.81 μg Se/L Na2SeO3 did not change the testosterone and 17β-estradiol contents in female zebrafish at the endpoint of exposure, but significantly reduced the proportion of early vitellogenic oocytes and mature oocytes. Follicle maturity retardation was accompanied by changes in transcriptional levels of the genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis. Transcriptional levels of cyp19a and lhr in the ovary were down-regulated, while the transcriptional level of fshr in the ovaries was up-regulated. In the 21-day cumulative spawning experiment, Na2SeO3 (25.14 ± 0.15 and 79.60 ± 0.81 μg Se/L) caused fewer eggs to be produced. Additionally, the malformation of zebrafish offspring significantly increased in the group exposed to 79.60 ± 0.81 μg Se/L. In conclusion, for the first time, this study shows that life-cycle exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne Na2SeO3 significantly delays ovarian maturation and reduces the fertility of the female zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Mo
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yongchao Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Shuangshui Shuanglv Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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11
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Cassar S, Dunn C, Ramos MF. Zebrafish as an Animal Model for Ocular Toxicity Testing: A Review of Ocular Anatomy and Functional Assays. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 49:438-454. [PMID: 33063651 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320964748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotics make their way into organisms from diverse sources including diet, medication, and pollution. Our understanding of ocular toxicities from xenobiotics in humans, livestock, and wildlife is growing thanks to laboratory animal models. Anatomy and physiology are conserved among vertebrate eyes, and studies with common mammalian preclinical species (rodent, dog) can predict human ocular toxicity. However, since the eye is susceptible to toxicities that may not involve a histological correlate, and these species rely heavily on smell and hearing to navigate their world, discovering visual deficits can be challenging with traditional animal models. Alternative models capable of identifying functional impacts on vision and requiring minimal amounts of chemical are valuable assets to toxicology. Human and zebrafish eyes are anatomically and functionally similar, and it has been reported that several common human ocular toxicants cause comparable toxicity in zebrafish. Vision develops rapidly in zebrafish; the tiny larvae rely on visual cues as early as 4 days, and behavioral responses to those cues can be monitored in high-throughput fashion. This article describes the comparative anatomy of the zebrafish eye, the notable differences from the mammalian eye, and presents practical applications of this underutilized model for assessment of ocular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety, 419726AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina Dunn
- Preclinical Safety, 419726AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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de Souza GC, Viana MD, Goés LDM, Sanchez-Ortiz BL, Silva GAD, Pinheiro WBDS, Santos CBRD, Carvalho JCT. Reproductive toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of the flowers ofAcmella oleraceaand spilanthol in zebrafish: In vivo and in silico evaluation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:127-146. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119878257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydroethanolic preparations of Acmella oleracea is used in the north of Brazil as a female aphrodisiac. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the action of the hydroethanolic extract of Acmella oleracea (EHFAo) flowers (21.873 and 44.457 mg/kg) and spilanthol (3 mg/kg) administered orally on reproductive performance and effects on the embryonic development of zebrafish F1 generation. It was observed that in the groups in which males and females received EHFAo and spilanthol, the spawning was interrupted, whereas in the groups in which only the females were treated, spawning occurred during the 21 days. Thus, in the histopathological evaluation of the gonads, it was possible to observe that the percentage of mature cells in the spermatozoa and females was significantly reduced. Only the embryo groups in which parental generation was treated with EHFAo showed lethal and teratogenic effects. On the other hand, the parental groups treated with the spilanthol presented only the lethality. Spilanthol and some metabolites showed good oral availability and important toxicological properties. Thus, it is suggested that the treatment of parental generation of zebrafish with EHFAo and spilanthol caused severe changes in the gonads and on fertility. However, on the embryo, the most striking effects in the development were recorded in the groups in which the parental generation was treated with the EHFAo, while the spilanthol influenced the lethality of the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- GC de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - MD Viana
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - LDM Goés
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - BL Sanchez-Ortiz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - GA da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - WB de Souza Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - CB Rodrigues dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
| | - JC Tavares Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brasil
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Anderson PJ, Mitchell MD, Fedoroff KJ, Chivers DP, Ferrari MCO. The Effects of Selenomethionine on the Escape Behaviours of Fathead Minnows. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:62-67. [PMID: 30838428 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and yet becomes toxic with only a small increase in concentration. Toxicological studies have reported various effects of Se on fishes, including developmental impacts and deformities of the musculature and sensory systems. This paper investigates the impact of sublethal concentrations of Se on the ability of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) to perform escape responses, a routine behaviour important to predator-prey dynamics. Predation is among the strongest evolutionary driving forces in nature. Changes to this dynamic can have effects that cascade through the ecosystem. We used responses to mechanical and visual stimuli to determine the impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of dietary selenomethionine on the behaviour of minnows. Latency to respond to the stimulus and kinematic performance were assessed. Our results indicated that there was no significant effect of selenomethionine on either the visual response to a threat or burst swimming behaviours of the fast-start response in minnows. Levels of Se in tissues approached that of tissue-specific guidelines set by regulatory bodies across North America. This suggests that current regulations are adequately protecting this key component of predator avoidance in Fathead Minnows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Matthew D Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Katherine J Fedoroff
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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Shi Q, Wang Z, Chen L, Fu J, Han J, Hu B, Zhou B. Optical toxicity of triphenyl phosphate in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:139-147. [PMID: 30851488 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) has been shown to cause developmental neurotoxicty. Considering the visual system is a sensitive target, in the present study, we investigated the potential toxicity of TPhP on the visual development and function in zebrafish larvae. Embryos were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 30 μg/L TPhP from 2 to 144 h post-fertilization (hpf). The transcription of photoreceptor opsin genes, and histopathological changes in the retina and visual behavior (optokinetic and phototactic responses) were evaluated. TPhP significantly downregulated the transcription of opsin genes (zfrho, opn1sw1, opn1sw2, opn1mw1, opn1mw2, opn1mw3, opn1mw4, opn1lw1 and opn1lw2) in all exposure groups. Histopathological analysis revealed that the areas of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina were significantly reduced in the 10 and 30 μg/L TPhP groups. The number of ganglion cells was reduced significantly in the 30 μg/L group. The optokinetic response (OKR) and phototactic response showed dose-dependent decreases caused by impaired visual function, which was confirmed by unchanged locomotor activity. The results indicated that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TPhP could inhibit the transcription of genes related to visual function and impair retinal development, thus leading to visual impairment in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Juanjuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Acmella oleracea (L) R. K. Jansen Reproductive Toxicity in Zebrafish: An In Vivo and In Silico Assessment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1237301. [PMID: 30941185 PMCID: PMC6421050 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1237301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The plant species Acmella oleracea L. is used in the north of Brazil for the treatment of a range of illnesses, such as tuberculosis, flu, cough, and rheumatism and as an anti-inflammatory agent; besides, hydroethanolic formulations with this species are popularly used as a female aphrodisiac agent. However, currently, there are no studies performed evaluating its effect on embryonic development. Hence, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of A. oleracea (EHFAo) on the reproductive performance (parental) and embryonic development (F1 generation) of zebrafish, at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/L. Histopathology of parental gonads after 21 days of exposure to EHFAo reveals few alterations in the ovaries and testes, not impairing the reproduction; an increase of eggs deposition was observed in animals treated with EHFAo at the highest concentrations. Nevertheless, concerning the embryonic development of F1, teratogenic effects were observed including tail deformation, cardiac and yolk edema, scoliosis, and growth retardation; these alterations were more prominent in the groups born from progenitors exposed to the highest concentrations (100 and 200 μg/L.); but only the occurrence of yolk and cardiac edema had a statistically significant difference when compared to the control group. The chromatographic analysis shows that spilanthol (affinin) was the primary compound found in the EHFAo. Hence, in silico assessment was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of this molecule and 37 metabolites derived from it. Overall, our data show that the treatment caused no detrimental changes in progenitors regarding their gonads or fertility but caused some potentially teratogenic activity in embryos, which may be due to the action of spilanthol's metabolites M3, M6, M7, M8, M16, M28, and M31.
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16
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Attaran A, Salahinejad A, Crane AL, Niyogi S, Chivers DP. Chronic exposure to dietary selenomethionine dysregulates the genes involved in serotonergic neurotransmission and alters social and antipredator behaviours in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:837-844. [PMID: 30623840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a metalloid of potential interest from both a toxicological and nutritional perspective, having a range of safe intake. The adverse neuro-behavioural effects of Se have been investigated in both humans and fishes, but little is known about its effects on social behaviours or the serotonergic signaling pathway in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chorionic dietary exposure to Se (as selenomethionine) at different concentrations (control, 2.1, 11.6 or 31.5 μg/g dry wt.) on antipredator avoidance, shoaling behaviour, and social group preferences in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). In addition, we also measured the expression of important genes in the serotonergic pathway that influence social behaviours. After 60 days of exposure, the highest dose (31.5 μg/g dry wt.) caused the highest level of baseline fear behaviour, with fish swimming lower in the water column and in tighter shoals compared to fish in the other treatments. With high levels of baseline fear, these fish did not significantly intensify fear behaviours in response to predation risk in the form of exposure to chemical alarm cues. When individual fish were given an opportunity to shoal with groups of differing sizes (3 vs. 4 individuals), fish exposed to the high dose spent less time with groups in general, and only control fish showed a significant preference for the larger group. In the zebrafish brain, we found significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of serotonin receptors (htr1aa and htr1b), a transporter (slc6a4a), and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (tph2), whereas there was a downregulation of the monoamine oxidase (mao) gene. The results of this study suggest that disruption of serotonergic neurotransmission might have been responsible for Se-induced impairment of antipredator and social behaviour in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoosha Attaran
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Adam L Crane
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
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17
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Pettem CM, Weber LP, Janz DM. Cardiac and Metabolic Effects of Dietary Selenomethionine Exposure in Adult Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2018; 159:449-460. [PMID: 28962524 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient involved in important metabolic functions for all vertebrate species. As Se is reported to have a narrow margin between essentiality and toxicity, there is growing concern surrounding the adverse effects of elevated Se exposure caused by anthropogenic activities. Recent studies have reported that elevated dietary exposure of fish to selenomethionine (Se-Met) can alter aerobic metabolic capacity, energetics and swimming performance. This study aims to further investigate mechanisms of sublethal Se-Met toxicity, particularly potential underlying cardiovascular implications of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of dietary Se-Met in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were fed either control food (1.1 μg Se/g dry mass [d.m.]) or Se-Met spiked food (10.3 or 28.8 μg Se/g d.m.) for 90 d at 5% body weight per day. Following exposure, ultrahigh resolution B-mode and Doppler ultrasound was used to characterize cardiac function. Chronic dietary exposure to elevated Se-Met significantly reduced ventricular contractile rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Exposure to Se-Met significantly decreased mRNA expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1 alpha and glutathione-S-transferase pi class in liver, and a key cardiac remodelling enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase 2, in adult zebrafish heart. Se-Met significantly increased echodensity at the junction between atrium and ventricle, and these results combined with increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression are consistent with cardiac remodelling and fibrosis. The results of this study suggest that chronic exposure to dietary Se-Met can negatively impact cardiac function, and such physiological consequences could reduce the aerobic capacity and survivability of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Pettem
- Toxicology Graduate Program University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - David M Janz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
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18
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Pettem CM, Briens JM, Janz DM, Weber LP. Cardiometabolic response of juvenile rainbow trout exposed to dietary selenomethionine. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 198:175-189. [PMID: 29550715 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is considered an essential trace element, involved in important physiological and metabolic functions for all vertebrate species. Fish require dietary concentrations of 0.1-0.5 μg Se/g dry mass (d.m.) to maintain normal physiological and selenoprotein function, however concentrations exceeding 3 μg/g d.m. have been shown to cause toxicity. As Se is reported to have a narrow margin between essentiality and toxicity, there is growing concern surrounding the adverse effects of elevated Se exposure caused by anthropogenic activities. Previous studies have reported that elevated dietary exposure of fish to selenomethionine (Se-Met) can cause significant cardiotoxicity and alter aerobic metabolic capacity, energy homeostasis and swimming performance. The goal of this study aims to further investigate mechanisms of sublethal Se-Met toxicity, particularly potential underlying cardiovascular and metabolic implications of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of dietary Se-Met in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile rainbow trout were fed either control food (1.3 μg Se/g d.m.) or Se-Met spiked food (6.4, 15.8 or 47.8 μg Se/g d.m.) for 60 d at 3% body weight per day. Following exposure, ultrahigh resolution B-mode and Doppler ultrasound was used to characterize cardiac function in vivo. Chronic dietary exposure to Se-Met significantly increased stroke volume, cardiac output, and ejection fraction. Fish fed with Se-Met spiked food had elevated liver glycogen and triglyceride stores, suggesting impaired energy homeostasis. Exposure to Se-Met significantly decreased mRNA abundance of citrate synthase (CS) in liver and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clad H1 (SERPINH) in heart, and increased mRNA abundance of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) and key cardiac remodelling enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in heart. Taken together, these responses are consistent with a compensatory cardiac response to increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, namely a decrease in ventricular stiffness and improved cardiac function. These cardiac alterations in trout hearts were linked to metabolic disruption in other major metabolic tissues (liver and skeletal muscle), impaired glucose tolerance with increased levels of the toxic glucose metabolite, methylglyoxal, increased lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscle, development of cataracts and prolonged feeding behaviour, indicative of visual impairment. Therefore, although juvenile rainbow trout hearts were apparently able to functionally compensate for adverse metabolic and anti-oxidant changes after chronic dietary exposure Se-Met, complications associated with hyperglycemia in mammalian species were evident and would threaten survival of juvenile and adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Pettem
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Briens
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - David M Janz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada.
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19
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Vinceti M, Filippini T, Cilloni S, Bargellini A, Vergoni AV, Tsatsakis A, Ferrante M. Health risk assessment of environmental selenium: Emerging evidence and challenges (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3323-3335. [PMID: 28339083 PMCID: PMC5428396 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New data have been accumulated in the scientific literature in recent years which allow a more adequate risk assessment of selenium with reference to human health. This new evidence comes from environmental studies, carried out in populations characterized by abnormally high or low selenium intakes, and from high-quality and large randomized controlled trials with selenium recently carried out in the US and in other countries. These trials have consistently shown no beneficial effect on cancer and cardiovascular risk, and have yielded indications of unexpected toxic effects of selenium exposure. Overall, these studies indicate that the minimal amount of environmental selenium which is source of risk to human health is much lower than anticipated on the basis of older studies, since toxic effects were shown at levels of intake as low as around 260 µg/day for organic selenium and around 16 µg/day for inorganic selenium. Conversely, populations with average selenium intake of less than 13–19 µg/day appear to be at risk of a severe cardiomyopathy, Keshan disease. Overall, there is the need to reconsider the selenium standards for dietary intake, drinking water, outdoor and indoor air levels, taking into account the recently discovered adverse health effects of low-dose selenium overexposure, and carefully assessing the significance of selenium-induced proteomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cilloni
- CREAGEN, Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bargellini
- CREAGEN, Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Vergoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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