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Cao JM, Liu YQ, Liu YQ, Xue SD, Xiong HH, Xu CL, Xu Q, Duan GL. Predicting the efficiency of arsenic immobilization in soils by biochar using machine learning. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:259-267. [PMID: 39003045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution in soils is a pervasive environmental issue. Biochar immobilization offers a promising solution for addressing soil As contamination. The efficiency of biochar in immobilizing As in soils primarily hinges on the characteristics of both the soil and the biochar. However, the influence of a specific property on As immobilization varies among different studies, and the development and application of arsenic passivation materials based on biochar often rely on empirical knowledge. To enhance immobilization efficiency and reduce labor and time costs, a machine learning (ML) model was employed to predict As immobilization efficiency before biochar application. In this study, we collected a dataset comprising 182 data points on As immobilization efficiency from 17 publications to construct three ML models. The results demonstrated that the random forest (RF) model outperformed gradient boost regression tree and support vector regression models in predictive performance. Relative importance analysis and partial dependence plots based on the RF model were conducted to identify the most crucial factors influencing As immobilization. These findings highlighted the significant roles of biochar application time and biochar pH in As immobilization efficiency in soils. Furthermore, the study revealed that Fe-modified biochar exhibited a substantial improvement in As immobilization. These insights can facilitate targeted biochar property design and optimization of biochar application conditions to enhance As immobilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Man Cao
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Dan Xue
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Hong Xiong
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chong-Lin Xu
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Gui-Lan Duan
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Kumar A, Bhattacharya T, Shaikh WA, Roy A. Sustainable soil management under drought stress through biochar application: Immobilizing arsenic, ameliorating soil quality, and augmenting plant growth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119531. [PMID: 38960358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Rise in climate change-induced drought occurrences have amplified pollution of metal(loid)s, deteriorated soil quality, and deterred growth of crops. Rice straw-derived biochars (RSB) and cow manure-enriched biochars (CEB) were used in the investigation (at doses of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) to ameliorate the negative impacts of drought, improve soil fertility, minimize arsenic pollution, replace agro-chemical application, and maximize crop yields. Even in soils exposed to severe droughts, 3 months of RSB and CEB amendment (at 7.5% dose) revealed decreased bulk density (13.7% and 8.9%), and increased cation exchange capacity (6.0% and 6.3%), anion exchange capacity (56.3% and 28.0%), porosity (12.3% and 7.9%), water holding capacity (37.5% and 12.5%), soil respiration (17.8% and 21.8%), and nutrient contents (especially N and P). Additionally, RSB and CEB decreased mobile (30.3% and 35.7%), bio-available (54.7% and 45.3%), and leachable (55.0% and 56.5%) fractions of arsenic. Further, pot experiments with Bengal gram and coriander plants showed enhanced growth (62-188% biomass and 90-277% length) and reduced arsenic accumulation (49-54%) in above ground parts of the plants. Therefore, biochar application was found to improve physico-chemical properties of soil, minimize arsenic contamination, and augment crop growth even in drought-stressed soils. The investigation suggests utilisation of cow manure for eco-friendly fabrication of nutrient-rich CEB, which could eventually promote sustainable agriculture and circular economy. With the increasing need for sustainable agricultural practices, the use of biochar could provide a long-term solution to enhance soil quality, mitigate the effects of climate change, and ensure food security for future generations. Future research should focus on optimizing biochar application across various soil types and climatic conditions, as well as assessing its long-term effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India; Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Wasim Akram Shaikh
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Science and Technology, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Road, West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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Zhong R, Pan D, Huang G, Yang G, Wang X, Niu R, Cai X, Ding Z, Chi W, Wang Y, Li X. Colloidal fraction on pomelo peel-derived biochar plays a dual role as electron shuttle and adsorbent in controlling arsenic transformation in anoxic paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173340. [PMID: 38763201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic release and reduction in anoxic environments can be mitigated or facilitated by biochar amendment. However, the key fractions in biochars and how they control arsenic transformation remain poorly understood. In this study, a biochar produced from pomelo peel was rich in colloids and was used to evaluate the roles of the colloidal and residual fractions of biochar in arsenic transformation in anoxic paddy soil. Bulk biochar showed a markedly higher maximum adsorption capacity for As(III) at 1732 mg/kg than for As(V) at 75.7 mg/kg, mainly because of the colloidal fraction on the surface. When compared with the control and treatments with the colloidal/residual fraction, the addition of bulk biochar facilitated As(V) reduction and release in the soil during days 0-12, but decreased the dissolved As(III) concentration during days 12-20. The colloidal fraction revealed significantly higher electron donating capacity (8.26 μmole-/g) than that of bulk biochar (0.88 μmole-/g) and residual fraction (0.65 μmole-/g), acting as electron shuttle to promote As(V) reduction. Because the colloidal fraction was rich in aliphatic carbon, fulvic acid-like compounds, potassium, and calcium, it favored As(III) adsorption when more As(III) was released, probably via organic-cation-As(III) complexation. These findings provide deeper insight into the role of the colloidal fraction of biochar in controlling anaerobic arsenic transformation, which will be helpful for the practical application of biochar in arsenic-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Zhong
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dandan Pan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guoyong Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guang Yang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rumiao Niu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xixi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ziman Ding
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenting Chi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Tang L, Xiong L, Zhang H, Joseph A, Wang Y, Li J, Yuan X, Rene ER, Zhu N. Reduced arsenic availability in paddy soil through Fe-organic ligand complexation mediated by bamboo biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140790. [PMID: 38013023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of arsenic (As)-contaminated paddy fields is a global challenge because long-term flooding would result in As release due to the reductive dissolution of iron minerals. Biochar amendment is a common and effective remediation technique for As-contaminated paddy soil. However, the literature is still lacking in systematic research on the function of biochar in controlling the complexation of released dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron oxides and its synergistic impact on the availability of As in flooded paddy soil. In the present study, bamboo biochar was prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 450 and 600 °C), as BB300, BB450 and BB600. Four paddy soil treatments including BB300, BB450, BB600 applications (1% ratio, m/m, respectively) and control (CK, no biochar application) were set and incubated for 60 d in flooding condition. The results showed that As availability represented by adsorbed As species (A-As) was mitigated by BB450 amendment compared with CK. The amendment of BB450 in paddy soil facilitated the complexation of HCl extractable Fe(III)/(II) and DOM and formation of amorphous iron oxides (e.g. complexed Fe species). Moreover, the abundance of Geobacteraceae and Xanthomonadaceae, as common electroactive bacteria, was promoted in the BB450 treated paddy soil in comparison to CK, which assisted to form amorphous iron oxides. The formed amorphous iron oxides then facilitated the formation of ternary complex (As-Fe-DOM) with highly stability, which could be considered as a mechanism for As immobilization after biochar was applied to the flooding paddy soil. Thus, the synergistic effect between amorphous iron oxides and electroactive stains could make main contribution to the passivation of released As in paddy soil under long-term flooding condition. This study provided a new insight for As immobilization via regulating iron-organic ligand complexation amendment with biochar in flooding paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Ling Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Akaninyene Joseph
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
| | - Yimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Jizhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Xuyin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ningyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Xia H, Liu R, Wang H. Fabrication of two novel amino-functionalized and starch-coated CuFe 2O 4-modified magnetic biochar composites and their application in removing Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128973. [PMID: 38163509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Novel magnetic biochar composites (SFeCu@SBCO and FeCu@SBCO-NH2) were fabricated by modifying oxidized sawdust biochar (SBCO) with Fe/Cu loading, starch-coating/amination, characterized (FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM-EDS and XPS) and applied in capturing Pb2+ and Cd2+ from wastewater. Adsorption experiments revealed that SFeCu@SBCO and FeCu@SBCO-NH2 exhibited extraordinary adsorption performance toward Pb2+/Cd2+ with the maximum adsorption capacity reaching 184.26/173.35 mg g-1 and 201.43/190.81 mg g-1, respectively, which were >5 times higher than those of SBC. The great increase in adsorption capacity of the two adsorbents was ascribed to the introduction of CuFe2O4 and starch/amino groups. Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption was an endothermic reaction controlled by monolayer chemisorption. Complexation and electrostatic attraction were the two predominant mechanisms. Besides, ion exchange together with physical adsorption also occurred during the adsorption. Additionally, the both adsorbents displayed favorable stability and reusability as well as desirable anti-interfering ability to other metal cations. Taken together, the both adsorbents could be utilized as reusable magnetic adsorbents with promising prospect in the effective remediation of Pb2+/Cd2+ contaminated water. The study not only contributed to the better understanding of biochar modification strategy and the application of modified biochar in heavy metals pollutants removal, but also realized resource utilization of biomass waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yaohong Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Haixin Xia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Renrong Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Kumar A, Kumari M, Azim U, Vithanage M, Bhattacharya T. Garbage to Gains: The role of biochar in sustainable soil quality improvement, arsenic remediation, and crop yield enhancement. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140417. [PMID: 37827468 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Threats of soil quality deterioration and metal pollution have inflicted several parts of the world, apart from the need for surplus crop production. The investigation used biochar prepared from waste biomasses such as wheat and rice straw, kitchen waste, leaf litter, Lantana camara, orange peel, and walnut shell to improve soil quality, reduce As pollution, and enhance plant growth. Biochars were amended at doses of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% and conditioned for 3 months. At a 7.5% dose, the maximum improvements in cation exchange capacity (a 62% increase), anion exchange capacity (a two-fold increase), bulk density (a 31% decrease), porosity (a 32% increase), water holding capacity (an 86% increase), soil respiration (a 32% increase), total carbon (a two-and-a-half-fold increase), total nitrogen (an eleven-fold increase), total phosphorus (3 times rise), total potassium (a two-and-a-half-fold increase), mobile As (a 38% decrease), leachable As (a 53% decrease), and bio-available As (a 56% decrease) were observed. Further, pot experiments revealed augmented biomass growth (61% and 177%), increased length (71% and 209%), and decreased As accumulation (56% and 55%) in the above-ground parts of Bengal gram and coriander plants, respectively. Therefore, the application of biochar was found to enhance the physico-chemical properties of soil, reduce As contamination levels, and improve crop growth. The study recommends using waste biomasses to prepare eco-friendly biochars, which could contribute to advancing sustainable agriculture and the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Mala Kumari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Uzma Azim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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Kushwaha R, Singh RS, Mohan D. Comparative study for sorption of arsenic on peanut shell biochar and modified peanut shell biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 375:128831. [PMID: 36878372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] removal efficiency of peanut shell biochar (PSB) and modified peanut shell biochar (MPSB) was compared in aqueous solutions. The modification was carried out with KMnO4 and KOH. Sorption efficiency of MPSB was relatively higher than PSB at pH 6 for As(III) (86%) and for As(V) (91.26%) for initial concentration of 1 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 0.5 g/L and 240 min equilibrium time at 100 rpm. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model suggested possible multilayer chemisorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that -OH, C-C, CC and C-O-C groups contributed significantly in adsorption for both PSB and MPSB. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Regeneration studies revealed that PSB and MPSB can be successfully used for three cycles. This study established that peanut shell is a low-cost, environment friendly and efficient biochar for removal of arsenic from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kushwaha
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Devendra Mohan
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Sachdeva S, Kumar R, Sahoo PK, Nadda AK. Recent advances in biochar amendments for immobilization of heavy metals in an agricultural ecosystem: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120937. [PMID: 36608723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, extensive and inefficient use of contemporary technologies has resulted in substantial environmental pollution, predominantly caused by potentially hazardous elements (PTEs), like heavy metals that severely harm living species. To combat the presence of heavy metals (HMs) in the agrarian system, biochar becomes an attractive approach for stabilizing and limiting availability of HMs in soils due to its high surface area, porosity, pH, aromatic structure as well as several functional groups, which mostly rely on the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Additionally, agricultural waste-derived biochar is an effective management option to ensure carbon neutrality and circular economy while also addressing social and environmental concerns. Given these diverse parameters, the present systematic evaluation seeks to (i) ascertain the effectiveness of heavy metal immobilization by agro waste-derived biochar; (ii) examine the presence of biochar on soil physico-chemical, and thermal properties, along with microbial diversity; (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for the reduction in heavy metal concentration; and (iv) possibility of biochar implications to advance circular economy approach. The collection of more than 200 papers catalogues the immobilization efficiency of biochar in agricultural soil and its impacts on soil from multi-angle perspectives. The data gathered suggests that pristine biochar effectively reduced cationic heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni) and Cr mobilization and uptake by plants, whereas modified biochar effectively reduced As in soil and plant systems. However, the exact mechanism underlying is a complex biochar-soil interaction. In addition to successfully immobilizing heavy metals in the soil, the application of biochar improved soil fertility and increased agricultural productivity. However, the lack of knowledge on unfavorable impacts on the agricultural systems, along with discrepancies between the use of biochar and experimental conditions, impeded a thorough understanding on a deeper level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sachdeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10 Sector 62, Noida, 201309, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, 803116, Bihar, India
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, V.P.O. Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India; Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, 66055-090, PA, Brazil.
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India
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Shaikh WA, Kumar A, Chakraborty S, Naushad M, Islam RU, Bhattacharya T, Datta S. Removal of toxic dye from dye-laden wastewater using a new nanocomposite material: Isotherm, kinetics and adsorption mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136413. [PMID: 36103924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, (hemi)cellulosic biochar-based environment-friendly non-toxic nanocomposite (nAg-AC) was fabricated for an inordinate overlook of toxic dye-laden wastewater depollution. This hybrid nanocomposite grafted with silver nanoparticles, numerous hydroxyl and π-bond containing functional groups exhibited outstanding physicochemical properties. FESEM images indicated the heterogeneous porous structure of nAg-AC, while BET analysis revealed mesoporous property with a significant increment of overall surface area (132%). Imbedding of silver nanoparticles and the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups was evident from the XRD and XPS spectrum. Further, the TGA result indicated excellent thermal stability, and FTIR analysis suggested the involvement of surface functional groups like -OH, =C = O, =NH, =C = C = , and -CH in Rhodamine B (RhB) adsorption. The adsorbent matrix provided the overall mechanical strength and facilitated recycling, while the functional matrix (biochar) provided the adsorptive locus for augmented RhB adsorption efficiency (92.77%). Experiments pertaining to adsorption isotherms and kinetics modeling suggested that RhB was removed through multilayer chemisorption on the heterogeneous nAg-AC surface. The main RhB adsorption mechanism included cumulative efforts of H-bindings, π-π stacking interaction, pore-filling, and electrostatic interactions. The nAg-AC maintained mechanical robustness with significant RhB adsorption even after three consecutive regeneration cycles signifying facile recycling. The nAg-AC displayed an outstanding efficacy for the real industrial wastewater depollution, indicating high effectiveness for practical environmental applications. Finally, the cost analysis (incorporating economic, environmental, and social dimensions) suggested a significant role of the nAg-AC in promoting and establishing sustainable development with the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akram Shaikh
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Jharkhand, 835215, India; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Science and Technology, The Neotia University, Sarisha, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 743368, India.
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Sukalyan Chakraborty
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafique Ul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Saugata Datta
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, 104 Thompson Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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10
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Alsamadany H, Alharby HF, Al-Zahrani HS, Alzahrani YM, Almaghamsi AA, Abbas G, Farooq MA. Silicon-nanoparticles doped biochar is more effective than biochar for mitigation of arsenic and salinity stress in Quinoa: Insight to human health risk assessment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989504. [PMID: 36299792 PMCID: PMC9592068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing contamination of soil with arsenic (As), and salinity has become a menace to food security and human health. The current study investigates the comparative efficacy of plain biochar (BC), and silicon-nanoparticles doped biochar (SBC) for ameliorating the As and salinity-induced phytotoxicity in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and associated human health risks. Quinoa was grown on normal and saline soils (ECe 12.4 dS m-1) contaminated with As (0, 20 mg kg-1) and supplemented with 1% of BC or SBC. The results demonstrated that plant growth, grain yield, chlorophyll contents, and stomatal conductance of quinoa were decreased by 62, 44, 48, and 66%, respectively under the blended stress of As and salinity as compared to control. Contrary to this, the addition of BC to As-contaminated saline soil caused a 31 and 25% increase in plant biomass and grain yield. However, these attributes were increased by 45 and 38% with the addition of SBC. The H2O2 and TBARS contents were enhanced by 5 and 10-fold, respectively under the combined stress of As and salinity. The SBC proved to be more efficient than BC in decreasing oxidative stress through overexpressing of antioxidant enzymes. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were enhanced by 5.4, 4.6, and 11-fold with the addition of SBC in As-contaminated saline soil. Contamination of grains by As revealed both the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to human health, however, these effects were minimized with the addition of SBC. As accumulation in grains was decreased by 65-fold and 25-fold, respectively for BC and SBC in addition to As-contaminated saline soil. The addition of SBC to saline soils contaminated with As for quinoa cultivation is an effective approach for decreasing the food chain contamination and improving food security. However, more research is warranted for the field evaluation of the effectiveness of SBC in abating As uptake in other food crops cultivated on As polluted normal and salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hameed Alsamadany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf A. Almaghamsi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar Farooq
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Noorbakhsh R, Koohi MK, Hassan J, Rahmani A, Rashidi Nodeh H, Rezania S. Magnetic Beads of Zero Valent Iron Doped Polyethersolfun Developed for Removal of Arsenic from Apatite-Soil Treated Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12697. [PMID: 36231997 PMCID: PMC9566726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The drop immerses calcium chloride aqueous solution was utilized to prepare the zero valent iron-doped polyethersulfone beads (PES/ZVI) for the efficient removal of arsenic from apatite-soil treated waters. The proposed beads can assist in promoting uptake efficiency by hindering ZVI agglomeration due to a high porosity and different active sites. The PES/ZVI beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetism (VSM). The main objective of this study was to investigate the function of new PES/ZVI beads with an increased removal efficiency for the remediation of arsenic ions from the apatite-soil treated waters. A maximum adsorption removal of 82.39% was achieved when the experiment was performed with 80 mg of adsorbent for a contact time of 180 min. Based on the results, a removal efficiency >90% was obtained after 300 min of shaking time with an arsenic concentration of 20 mg·L-1. The experimental process was fitted with the Langmuir model due to the high R2 (0.99) value compared to the Freundlich model (0.91) with an adsorption capacity of 41.32 mg·g-1. The adsorption process speed was limited by pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.999) and the adsorption mechanism nature was endothermic and physical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Noorbakhsh
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
- Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj 3174734563, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Koohi
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Jalal Hassan
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran
| | - Anosheh Rahmani
- Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj 3174734563, Iran
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj 3174734563, Iran
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12
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Kumar A, Bhattacharya T, Shaikh WA, Chakraborty S, Owens G, Naushad M. Valorization of fruit waste-based biochar for arsenic removal in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113710. [PMID: 35724726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fruit waste disposal is a serious global problem with only 20% of such waste being routinely treated prior to discharge. Two of the most polluting fruit wastes are orange peel and walnut shell and new methods are urgently required to valorize such waste. In the present study, they where valorized via conversion into biochars at 500 °C (OPB500 for orange peel-based biochar produced at 500 °C and WaSB500 for walnut shell-based biochar produced at 500 °C), and evaluated for arsenic adsorption. A pore-rich surface morphology was observed with a low H/C ratio indicating high stability. Spectroscopic studies revealed the presence of minerals and surface functional groups (amide, carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) suggesting high potential for arsenic immobilization. Adsorption studies revealed an arsenic removal efficiency of 88.8 ± 0.04% for WaSB500 exposed to initial arsenic concentration of 8 ppm for 5% biochar dose at 25 °C and 30 min contact time. In comparison, OPB500 showed slightly lower removal efficiency of 80.7 ± 0.1% (10 ppm initial concentration, 5% dose, 25 °C, 90 min contact time). Peak shifts in XRD and FTIR spectra together with isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies suggested arsenic sequestration was achieved via a combination of chemisorption, physisorption, ion exchange, and diffusion. The present investigation suggests valorization of fruit waste into thermo-stable biochars for sustainable arsenic remediation in dynamic soil/water systems and establishes biochar's importance for waste biomass minimization and metal (loid) removal from fertile soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Wasim Akram Shaikh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Sukalyan Chakraborty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Gary Owens
- Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Srivastava V, Karim AV, Babu DS, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS, Gao B. Metal‐Loaded Biochar for the Removal of Arsenic from Water: A Critical Review on Overall Effectiveness, Governing Mechanisms, and Influential Factors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Srivastava
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Ansaf V. Karim
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 India
| | - Davuluri Syam Babu
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | | | - Manukonda Suresh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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14
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Zang S, Qiu H, Sun C, Zhou H, Cui L. High Efficiency Adsorption Removal of Arsenilic Acid and Arsenate(V) by Iron-Modified Corncob Biochar. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:379-385. [PMID: 35622103 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial that a highly effective adsorbent can be used to simultaneously remove the composite pollution including both inorganic and organic arsenic from wastewater. In this work, the iron modified corncob biochar (MCCB), prepared via the co-precipitation of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3⋅6H2O) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on corncob biochar, was studied for the high efficiency removal of arsenilic acid (ASA) and arsenate [As(V)] in wastewater. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the MCCB. At pH of 4.0-5.0, initial concentration of 10 mg/L ASA and 1 mg/L As(V), adsorbent dose of 0.4 g/L, the maximum adsorption capacities of ASA and As(V) were 49.20 and 4.89 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption performance of MCCB for ASA and As(V) was fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Results from this study indicate the promise of MCCB as an efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent for composite arsenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zang
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Hongwei Qiu
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | | | - Huafeng Zhou
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Lizhi Cui
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
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15
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Lebrun M, Bourgerie S, Morabito D. Effects of Different Biochars, Activated Carbons and Redmuds on the Growth of Trifolium repens and As and Pb Stabilization in a Former Mine Technosol. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:403-414. [PMID: 34041578 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by metal(loid)s is an important issue in Europe, as it causes environmental and health problems. Therefore, remediation of these areas is needed. The success of phytoremediation process will depend on the ability of plants to implement, which can require the addition of amendments to the soil in order to improve soil conditions, immobilize pollutant and thus ameliorate plant growth. Amendments that can be used are biochar, activated carbon and redmuds, all of which have previously shown positive outcomes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of several amendments (biochars, activated carbons and redmuds) on (i) the soil physico-chemical properties of a former mine technosol contaminated by As and Pb, (ii) As and Pb immobilization and (iii) the growth of Trifolium repens. Results showed that amendment addition could ameliorate soil conditions, by reducing soil acidity (pH increased by 1.2 to 1.7 units) and immobilizing pollutants (85 to 99% of Pb immobilized); and improve plant growth (dry weight increased 1.5 to 2.5 times). However, not all amendments were beneficial to the soil and plant. For instance, the L27 activated carbon acidified soil pH, mobilized As and lowered plant growth. This study has allowed us to conclude that amendment effect is dependent on soil type, metal(loid)s and amendment properties, and it is thus necessary to choose the right amendment. Finally, amendments could be combined for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhattan Lebrun
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA1207, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.
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16
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Roy A, Bhattacharya T. Ecological and human health risks from pseudo-total and bio-accessible metals in street dusts. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:101. [PMID: 35038018 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Street dust samples were collected from industrial and commercial cities (Jamshedpur and Ranchi during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons) for detecting the levels of Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Co, Al, and Mn. The industrial city recorded higher metal concentrations compared to commercial. Similar trend of pseudo-total metal concentrations was observed in both the seasons at industrial city (Al > Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd) and only monsoon season at commercial city (Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd). Zn > Cd was the most bioaccessible metal throughout the cities (monsoon and post-monsoon). The geochemical parameters (Igeo, EF, CF) were highest for Cd and lowest for Ni (both cities for the two seasons). Pollution Load Indices (PLI zone) were highest during the post-monsoon season in the industrial city. The highest carcinogenic risk was posed by Cr ranging from 1.87E-05 to 4.80E-05, in both the cities through ingestion and inhalation pathways. Children were found at higher risks, while the bioaccessible fractions posed neither carcinogenic nor non-carcinogenic threats to the population. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis indicated the influence of vehicular and industrial emissions, especially steel industry and coal-based thermal power plants as the major source of metals in street-dust. The outcomes of this work will be useful in providing baseline information of pollution along with their consequent environmental and human health risks of Jharkhand state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835215
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835215.
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17
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Frišták V, Bošanská D, Pipíška M, Ďuriška L, Bell SM, Soja G. Physicochemical Characterization of Cherry Pits-Derived Biochar. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020408. [PMID: 35057128 PMCID: PMC8779365 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the suitability of some biochars for contaminants' sorption separation has been established, not all potential feedstocks have been explored and characterized. Here, we physicochemically characterized cherry pit biochar (CPB) pyrolyzed from cherry pit biomass (CP) at 500 °C, and we assessed their As and Hg sorption efficiencies in aqueous solutions in comparison to activated carbon (AC). The basic physicochemical and material characterization of the studied adsorbents was carried out using pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), concentration of surface functional groups (Boehm titration), and surface area (SA) analysis; elemental C, H, N analysis; and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). AsO43- anions and Hg2+ cations were selected as model contaminants used to test the sorption properties of the sorption materials. Characterization analyses confirmed a ninefold increase in SA in the case of CPB. The total C concentration increased by 26%, while decreases in the total H and N concentrations were observed. The values of carbonate and ash contents decreased by about half due to pyrolysis processes. The concentrations of surface functional groups of the analyzed biochar obtained by Boehm titration confirmed a decrease in carboxyl and lactone groups, while an increase in phenolic functional groups was observed. Changes in the morphology and surface functionality of the pyrolyzed material were confirmed by SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses. In sorption experiments, we found that the CPB showed better results in the sorption separation of Hg2+ than in the sorption separation of AsO43-. The sorption efficiency for the model cation increased in the order CP < CPB < AC and, for the model anion, it increased in the order CPB < CP < AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Frišták
- Department of Chemistry, Trnava University in Trnava, 91843 Trnava, Slovakia; (D.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-33-592-1459
| | - Diana Bošanská
- Department of Chemistry, Trnava University in Trnava, 91843 Trnava, Slovakia; (D.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Martin Pipíška
- Department of Chemistry, Trnava University in Trnava, 91843 Trnava, Slovakia; (D.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Libor Ďuriška
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 91724 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Stephen M. Bell
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Energy Department, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
- Institute for Chemical and Energy Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Bhattacharya T, Pandey SK, Pandey VC, Kumar A. Potential and safe utilization of Fly ash as fertilizer for Pisum sativum L. Grown in phytoremediated and non-phytoremediated amendments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50153-50166. [PMID: 33954918 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the possibility of applying fly ash to agricultural fields for enhancing the production of agricultural crops. In this study, Pisum sativum L. was grown from germination stage to maturation stage in phytoremediated and non-phytoremediated or raw fly ash-amended soil. All the morphological (height, biomass, number of leaf, and leaf size) and physiological parameters like, protein content, chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, and peroxidase activity were monitored to understand the effects of fly ash or its usefulness for using it as a fertilizer for facilitating micronutrients. Major finding of this study is that 40% (w/w) of non-phytoremediated fly ash amendment could be used for field application. Percentage increase of toxic metals in below ground organs was 6% for Cd, 6% for Cr, 5% for Cu, 15% for Mn, and 7% for Pb when compared with the control. In the non-phytoremediated fly ash-amended set, heavy metals and metalloids were present in the grains only at higher amendments T3 (60%) and T4 (80%). However, except Cd, all the metals were below the permissible limits suggested by the WHO. Phytoremediated fly ash could be used as a fertilizer up to 100% for the cultivation of pea plant as metals concentrations were found either below detection limit or below the WHO permissible limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Shikha Kumari Pandey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Pandey
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India.
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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