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Wang L, Guan T, Wang G, Gu J, Wu N, Zhu C, Wang H, Li J. Effects of copper on gill function of juvenile oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense): Stress and toxic mechanism. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106631. [PMID: 37422926 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
As an important trace element and the accessory factor of many enzymatic processes, heavy metal copper is essential to aquatic animals. The toxic mechanism of copper on gill function of M. nipponense was clarified for the first time in terms of histopathological analysis, physiology, biochemistry and the expression of important genes. The results obtained by present in present research showed that heavy metal copper could affect normal respiratory and metabolic activities in M. nipponense. Copper stress could cause damage to the mitochondrial membrane of gill cells in M. nipponense, and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex could be inhibited by copper. Copper could affect normal electron transport and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in the inhibition of energy production. High concentrations of copper could disrupt intracellular ion balance and induce cytotoxicity. The oxidative stress could be induced by copper, leading to excessive ROS. Copper could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, lead to the leakage of apoptotic factors, and induce apoptosis. Copper could damage structure of gill, affect normal respiration of gill. This study provided fundamental data for exploring impacts of copper on gill function in aquatic organisms and potential mechanisms of copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jieyi Gu
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuankun Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Center for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Loro VL, Wood CM. The roles of calcium and salinity in protecting against physiological symptoms of waterborne zinc toxicity in the euryhaline killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Allen GJP, Kuan PL, Tseng YC, Hwang PP, Quijada-Rodriguez AR, Weihrauch D. Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11720. [PMID: 32678186 PMCID: PMC7367285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shallow hydrothermal vent environments are typically very warm and acidic due to the mixing of ambient seawater with volcanic gasses (> 92% CO2) released through the seafloor making them potential ‘natural laboratories’ to study long-term adaptations to extreme hypercapnic conditions. Xenograpsus testudinatus, the shallow hydrothermal vent crab, is the sole metazoan inhabitant endemic to vents surrounding Kueishantao Island, Taiwan, where it inhabits waters that are generally pH 6.50 with maximum acidities reported as pH 5.50. This study assessed the acid–base regulatory capacity and the compensatory response of X. testudinatus to investigate its remarkable physiological adaptations. Hemolymph parameters (pH, [HCO3−], \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{P}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$\end{document}PCO2, [NH4+], and major ion compositions) and the whole animal’s rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were measured throughout a 14-day acclimation to pH 6.5 and 5.5. Data revealed that vent crabs are exceptionally strong acid–base regulators capable of maintaining homeostatic pH against extreme hypercapnia (pH 5.50, 24.6 kPa \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{P}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$\end{document}PCO2) via HCO3−/Cl− exchange, retention and utilization of extracellular ammonia. Intact crabs as well as their isolated perfused gills maintained \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{P}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$\end{document}PCO2tensions below environmental levels suggesting the gills can excrete CO2 against a hemolymph-directed \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{P}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$\end{document}PCO2 gradient. These specialized physiological mechanisms may be amongst the adaptations required by vent-endemic animals surviving in extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garett J P Allen
- Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2M8, Canada
| | - Pou-Long Kuan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismal Biology's Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, No. 23-10 Dawen Rd., Jiaoxi, 262, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismal Biology's Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, No. 23-10 Dawen Rd., Jiaoxi, 262, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismal Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Rd., Nangang District, Taipei City, 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Dirk Weihrauch
- Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2M8, Canada.
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Leitemperger J, Müller TE, Cerezer C, Marins AT, de Moura LK, Loro VL. Behavioural and biochemical parameters in guppy (Poecilia vivipara) following exposure to waterborne zinc in salt or hard water. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3399-3409. [PMID: 31016615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace mineral that is involved in many biological processes. In elevated concentrations, this metal may have toxic effects for aquatic organisms. Physicochemical properties of water, such as salinity and hardness, can influence the bioavailability of zinc and, therefore its toxicity in aquatic environments. Therefore, this study aimed investigate the influence of salinity, hardness on Zn toxicity on the behaviours and biochemical parameters of the estuarine guppy (Poecilia vivipara). The fish were exposed to waterborne zinc (500 μg L-1) in salt water (25 ppt) or hard water (120 mg L-1 CaCO3). For behavioural analysis, the locomotive and exploratory parameters of fish in novel environment and light-dark tests were evaluated. We observed that exposure to hard water decreased the distance covered by the fish, and when zinc also present the vertical exploratory behavior decreased. When zinc was tested alone, an increase in the maximum speed of fish was recorded. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, total peroxidation and, reactive oxygen species content, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, non-proteins thiols levels, acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities were evaluated in the whole fish body. The integrated biomarker response was calculated for each parameter to aid in the interpretation of the results and indicated that hard water containing zinc had the greatest effect on the biochemical parameters of the fish. In general, neither salinity nor hardness were totally effective in protecting the guppy from the biochemical damage caused by exposure to zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossiele Leitemperger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Talise Ellwanger Müller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Kuhn de Moura
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
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Nogueira LS, Bianchini A. Disturbance in Na + regulation in cells rich in mitochondria isolated from gills of the yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides exposed to copper under different osmotic conditions. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 140:152-159. [PMID: 29929735 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells rich in mitochondria were isolated from gills of the seawater clam Mesodesma mactroides, incubated in isosmotic saline solution (840 mOsmol/kg H2O), and exposed (3 h) to environmentally realistic Cu concentrations (nominally: 0, 5, 9 and 20 μg/L). In cells exposed to 20 μg Cu/L, Cu accumulation, Na+ content reduction and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity inhibition were observed, without significant changes in cell viability and Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) activity. In the absence of Cu, cell viability and Cu content were reduced in hyposmotic media respect with the control, without changes in Na+ content and enzyme (CA and NKA) activities. In the presence of 5 or 9 μg/L Cu, cell Cu content was increased, especially at 670 mOsmol/kg H2O. Cell Na+ content and NKA activity were reduced after exposure to 20 μg/L Cu at 670 mOsmol/kg H2O. In turn, CA activity was dependent on Cu concentration, being significantly reduced in cells exposed to 9 and 20 μg/L Cu in both hyposmotic conditions. These findings indicate that Cu also negatively affects Na+ regulation in gill cells of the seawater clam M. mactroides, with Cu toxicity increasing at hyposmotic conditions. Also, they indicate that physiology is more important than water chemistry in predicting Cu toxicity in environments of changing salinity, pointing out CA activity as a potential biomarker of Cu exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia S Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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da Silva Aires M, Paganini CL, Bianchini A. Biochemical and physiological effects of nickel in the euryhaline crab Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851) acclimated to different salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 204:51-62. [PMID: 29191712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The estuarine crab Neohelice granulata was maintained under control condition or exposed to sublethal concentrations of dissolved Ni (measured: 128 and 1010μg/L) for 96h at different salinities (2 and 30ppt). After metal exposure, whole-body oxygen consumption was measured and tissue (hemolymph, gills, hepatopancreas and muscle) samples were collected. Control crabs acclimated to 2ppt salinity showed lower hemolymph concentrations of Na+ (33%), Mg2+ (19%) and K+ (30%), as well as increased LPO levels in anterior gills (379%), posterior gills (457%) and hepatopancreas (35%) with respect to those acclimated to 30ppt salinity. In crabs acclimated to 2ppt salinity, Ni exposure increased whole-body oxygen consumption (75%), hemolymph K+ concentration (52%), hemolymph (135%) and hepatopancreas (62%) LDH activity. Also, it reduced hemolymph Cl- concentration (16%) and muscle LDH activity (33%). In crabs acclimated to 30ppt salinity, Ni exposure increased LDH activity in hemolymph (195%), hepatopancreas (126%) and muscle (53%), as well as hemolymph osmolality (10%), Cl- (26%) and Ca2+ (20%) concentration. It also reduced hepatopancreas lipid peroxidation (20%) and hemolymph Mg2+ (29%) and K+ (31%) concentration. These findings indicate that N. granulata is hyper-osmoregulating in 2ppt salinity and hypo-regulating in 30ppt salinity, showing adjustments of hemolymph ionic composition and metabolic rates, with consequent higher oxidative damage to lipids in low salinity (2ppt). Ni effects are associated with metabolic (aerobic and anaerobic) disturbances in crabs acclimated to 2ppt salinity, while osmotic and ionoregulatory disturbances were more evident in crabs acclimated to 30ppt salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele da Silva Aires
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, 96.201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Christianne Lorea Paganini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, 96.201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, 96.201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Qi L, Ma J, Song J, Li S, Cui X, Peng X, Wang W, Ren Z, Han M, Zhang Y. The physiological characteristics of zebra fish (Danio rerio) based on metabolism and behavior: A new method for the online assessment of cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1150-1156. [PMID: 28672696 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to illustrate heavy metal ecotoxicology associated with interactions between chemicals and biological systems, we investigated physiological changes (metabolism and behavior response) of zebra fish (Danio rerio) under 48 h Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure using online monitoring technique. The concentrations of CdCl2 were designed as 4.26, 42.6 and 85.2 mg/L, which were 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 based on toxic unit (TU), respectively. The metabolism was assessed using the oxygen consumption (OC), and the behavior response was analyzed in behavior strength (BS). Significant inhibition of both OC and BS could be observed: OC was 617.39 ± 30.48 mg/kg/h in the control, and it decreased rapidly to 229.07 ± 28.66 mg/kg/h in 2.0 TU treatment. BS changed from 0.76 ± 0.07 (control) to 0.39 ± 0.04 (2.0 TU) with the increase of exposure concentrations. Further results suggested that both factors were related to diurnal variation during 48 h exposure, which could be regarded as circadian rhythms: the average values of OC and BS during photo-phase were significantly higher than both during scoto-phase in CdCl2 treatments (p < 0.05). After integrated analysis, the original values of both OC and BS with wide fluctuation showed a negative linear relationship with CdCl2 concentration. The levels of both OC and BS were positively correlated with CdCl2 (r = 0.93 and p < 0.01). It is suggested that both OC and BS provide an objective ground for CdCl2 stress assessment, and that also could be applied to test the changes of organisms quantitatively in toxic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhuizi Qi
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Ma
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangge Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Peng
- The Control Center of Solid Waste and Hazardous Chemicals of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei Han
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, People's Republic of China.
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Capparelli MV, Abessa DM, McNamara JC. Effects of metal contamination in situ on osmoregulation and oxygen consumption in the mudflat fiddler crab Uca rapax (Ocypodidae, Brachyura). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 185-186:102-111. [PMID: 26992327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of estuaries by metals can impose additional stresses on estuarine species, which may exhibit a limited capability to adjust their regulatory processes and maintain physiological homeostasis. The mudflat fiddler crab Uca rapax is a typical estuarine crab, abundant in both pristine and contaminated areas along the Atlantic coast of Brazil. This study evaluates osmotic and ionic regulatory ability and gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity in different salinities (<0.5, 25 and 60‰ S) and oxygen consumption rates at different temperatures (15, 25 and 35°C) in U. rapax collected from localities along the coast of São Paulo State showing different histories of metal contamination (most contaminated Ilha Diana, Santos>Rio Itapanhaú, Bertioga>Picinguaba, Ubatuba [pristine reference site]). Our findings show that the contamination of U. rapax by metals in situ leads to bioaccumulation and induces biochemical and physiological changes compared to crabs from the pristine locality. U. rapax from the contaminated sites exhibit stronger hyper- and hypo-osmotic regulatory abilities and show greater gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activities than crabs from the pristine site, revealing that the underlying biochemical machinery can maintain systemic physiological processes functioning well. However, oxygen consumption, particularly at elevated temperatures, decreases in crabs showing high bioaccumulation titers but increases in crabs with low/moderate bioaccumulation levels. These data show that U. rapax chronically contaminated in situ exhibits compensatory biochemical and physiological adjustments, and reveal the importance of studies on organisms exposed to metals in situ, particularly estuarine invertebrates subject to frequent changes in natural environmental parameters like salinity and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V Capparelli
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil.
| | - Denis M Abessa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de São Vicente, São Vicente 11380-972, SP, Brazil
| | - John C McNamara
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião 11600-000, SP, Brazil
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Leitemperger J, Menezes C, Santi A, Murussi C, Lópes T, Costa M, Nogueira LS, Loro VL. Early biochemical biomarkers for zinc in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after acute exposure. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1005-1014. [PMID: 26744269 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by metals causes various biochemical changes in aquatic organisms, and fish are recognized as indicators of environmental quality. Silver catfish were exposed to six concentrations of zinc (Zn): 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mg/L for 96 h to determine the mean lethal concentration (LC50). The value obtained was 8.07 mg/L. In a second experiment, fish were exposed to concentrations of 1.0 or 5.0 mg/L Zn and a control for 96 h. Afterward, the tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. Lipid peroxidation, as indicated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), decreased in the liver and brain for all Zn concentrations tested, while in the gills TBARS levels increased at 1.0 mg/L and declined at 5.0 mg/L. Zn increased protein carbonyls in the muscle of silver catfish and decreased it in the other tissues. The enzyme superoxide dismutase increased in both exposed groups. However, catalase did not change. Glutathione S-transferase decreased in the liver and increased in the gills (1.0 mg/L), muscle (5.0 mg/L) and brain (1.0 and 5.0 mg/L). Nonprotein thiols changed only in brain and muscle tissue. Zn exposure inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain at both concentrations tested, but did not change it in muscle. Exposure to Zn inhibited the activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in the gills and intestine at both concentrations tested. Our results demonstrate that Zn alters biochemical parameters in silver catfish and that some parameters such as AChE and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase could be considered as early biomarkers of waterborne Zn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossiele Leitemperger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa e Toxicologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Charlene Menezes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa e Toxicologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Santi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa e Toxicologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Camila Murussi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa e Toxicologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Thais Lópes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa e Toxicologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Maiara Costa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa e Toxicologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105.900, Brazil
| | - Lygia Sega Nogueira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa e Toxicologia Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105.900, Brazil.
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Murussi CR, Costa MD, Leitemperger JW, Flores-Lopes F, Menezes CC, Loebens L, de Avila LA, Rizzetti TM, Adaime MB, Zanella R, Loro VL. Acute exposure to the biopesticide azadirachtin affects parameters in the gills of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 180:49-55. [PMID: 26689640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The biopesticide, azadirachtin (Aza) is less hazardous to the environment, but may cause several toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The Cyprinus carpio (n=12, for all concentrations) after 10days of acclimation under controlled conditions, were exposed at 20, 40, and 60μL/L of Aza during 96h. After this period, fish were anesthetized and euthanized then mucus layer and gills collected. In this study, the effects of exposure to different Aza concentrations were analysed through a set of biomarkers: Na(+)/K(+-)ATPase, lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyl (PC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), non-protein thiols (NPSH), ascorbic acid (AsA) and histological parameters and, yet, protein and glucose concentration in the surface area of mucous layer. Na(+)K(+-)ATPase was inhibited at 40 and 60μL/L compared to control. TBARS decreased at 40μL/L compared to control. PC, SOD and GST increased at 60μL/L in comparison to control. CAT increased at 20 and 60μL/L, and GPx increased in all Aza concentrations compared to control. NPSH decreased and AsA increased in all concentrations in comparison to control. Histological analyses demonstrated an increase in the intensity of the damage with increasing Aza concentration. Alterations in histological examination were elevation and hypertrophy of the epithelial cells of the secondary filament, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucous and chlorate cells and lamellar aneurism. Glucose and protein concentrations in mucus layer increased at 60μL/L compared to control. In general, we suggest that 60μL/L Aza concentration affected several parameters causing disruptions carp metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R Murussi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maiara D Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jossiele W Leitemperger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Flores-Lopes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Charlene C Menezes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luisa Loebens
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio de Avila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiele M Rizzetti
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Martha B Adaime
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vania L Loro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Hiki K, Nakajima F. Effect of salinity on the toxicity of road dust in an estuarine amphipod Grandidierella japonica. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:1022-1028. [PMID: 26360764 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Urban runoff can reach coastal aquatic environments; however, little is known about the effect of salinity on road runoff toxicity. The objective of this study is to investigate the toxicity of highway road dust over a salinity gradient from 5 to 35‰, in an estuarine benthic amphipod, Grandidierella japonica. Road dust toxicity was evaluated by assessing mortality after 10 days of exposure and short-term microbead ingestion activity of the amphipod. For all road dust samples considered, amphipod mortality increased with increasing salinity, whereas no significant difference in mortality was observed among test salinities in the reference river sediment. Ingestion activity during exposure to road dust decreased with increasing salinity. In fact, none of the individuals ingested any microbeads at salinity of 35‰. If assumed microbead ingestion is a proxy for feeding activity, high mortality at 35‰ could be attributed to aquatic exposure and not to dietary exposure. These findings suggest that road dust may have considerable impact on benthic organisms at high salinity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoshiro Hiki
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan E-mail:
| | - Fumiyuki Nakajima
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan E-mail:
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Loro VL, Nogueira L, Nadella SR, Wood CM. Zinc bioaccumulation and ionoregulatory impacts in Fundulus heteroclitus exposed to sublethal waterborne zinc at different salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 166:96-104. [PMID: 25051304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of Fundulus heteroclitus to an environmentally relevant Zn concentration (500 μg L⁻¹) at different salinities (0, 3.5, 10.5, and 35 ppt) revealed the following effects: (i) plasma [Zn] doubled after exposure at 0 ppt, a response which was eliminated at 35 ppt. Tissue [Zn] also increased in gill, liver, intestine, and carcass at 0 ppt. (ii) Both branchial and intestinal Ca2⁺ ATPase activities decreased in response to Zn at 0 ppt and were elevated at 35 ppt. Plasma [Ca] decreased by 50% at 0 ppt and by 30% at 3.5 ppt and increased by 20% at 35 ppt. Gill [Ca] decreased by 35% at 0 ppt and increased by about 30% at all higher salinities. (iii) Branchial Na⁺,K⁺ ATPase activity decreased by 50% at 0 ppt, increased by 30% and 90% at 10.5 and 35 ppt respectively. Intestinal Na⁺,K⁺ ATPase activity was reduced by 30% at 0 ppt. (iv) Plasma [Na] decreased by 30% at 0 ppt in Zn-exposed. Zn exposure also disturbed the homeostasis of tissue cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺) in a tissue-specific and salinity-dependent manner. (v) Drinking rate was not altered by Zn exposure. In toxicity tests, acute Zn lethality (96-h LC50) increased in a close to linear fashion from 9.8 mg L⁻¹ at 0 ppt to 75.0 mg L⁻¹ at 35 ppt. We conclude that sublethal Zn exposure causes pathological changes in both Ca⁺⁺ and Na⁺ homeostases, and that increasing salinity exerts protective effects against both sublethal and lethal Zn toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Lucia Loro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil 97105-900.
| | - Lygia Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil 96201-900
| | - Sunita R Nadella
- Dept. of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Chris M Wood
- Dept. of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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Isolation and fractionation of gill cells from freshwater (Lasmigona costata) and seawater (Mesodesma mactroides) bivalves for use in toxicological studies with copper. Cytotechnology 2013; 65:773-83. [PMID: 24081614 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gills cells of the freshwater mussel Lasmigona costata and the seawater clam Mesodesma mactroides were isolated (mussel: chemical dissociation; clam: mechanical dissociation) and fractionated (Percoll gradient) into Fractions I and II. Mitochondrial dyes (DASPEI: mussel; MitoTracker(®): clam) and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity measurement were used to distinguish between cells of Fractions I and II. For mussel and clam, 80.5 ± 1.5 and 48.3 ± 3.2 % of cells were in Fraction II, respectively. For both species, cells of Fraction II had higher fluorescence emission and higher enzyme activity than those of Fraction I, being characterized as 'cells rich in mitochondria'. Cells of Fraction II were kept in saline solutions approximating the ionic composition of hemolymph either under control conditions (no Cu addition) or exposed (3 h) to copper (Cu: 5, 9 and 20 μg Cu/L). Cell viability and Cu and Na(+) content were measured. For both species, Cu content was higher and Na(+) content was lower in cells exposed to 20 μg Cu/L. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation was observed between cell Na(+) and Cu content in the two bivalve species, indicating a possible competition between Cu and Na(+) for ion-transporting mechanisms or binding sites at gill cells of Fraction II. Considering that Cu is an ionoregulatory toxicant in aquatic invertebrates, these preliminary toxicological data support the idea of using isolated gill cells rich in mitochondria to study the mechanisms underlying the acute toxicity of waterborne Cu in freshwater and marine bivalves.
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Jorge MB, Loro VL, Bianchini A, Wood CM, Gillis PL. Mortality, bioaccumulation and physiological responses in juvenile freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) chronically exposed to copper. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013. [PMID: 23183413 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that the early life stages of freshwater mussels are among the most sensitive aquatic organisms to inorganic chemicals, including copper. However, little is known about the toxic mode of action and sub-lethal effects of copper exposure in this group of imperiled animals. In this study, the physiological effects of long-term copper exposure (survival, growth, copper bioaccumulation, whole-body ion content, oxygen consumption, filtration rate, ATPase activities, and biomarkers of oxidative stress) were evaluated in juvenile (6 month old) mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea). The mussels' recovery capacity and their ability to withstand further acute copper challenge were also evaluated in secondary experiments following the 28 day exposure by assessing survival, copper bioaccumulation and whole-body ion content. Mussels chronically exposed to 2 and 12 μg Cu/L showed significantly higher mortality than those held under control conditions (mortality 20.9, 69.9 and 12.5%, respectively), indicating that juvenile L. siliquoidea is underprotected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) biotic ligand model (BLM)-derived chronic water quality criteria (WQC) (2.18 μg Cu/L) and the hardness-derived USEPA WQC (12.16 μg Cu/L). Soft tissue copper burden increased equally for both copper exposures, suggesting that chronic toxicity is not associated with copper bioaccumulation. Several physiological disturbances were also observed during chronic copper exposure. Most relevant was a decrease in whole-body sodium content paralleled by an inhibition of Na(+) K(+)-ATPase activity, indicating a metal-induced ionoregulatory disturbance. Filtration and oxygen consumption rates were also affected. Redox parameters (reactive oxygen production, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, and glutathione (GSH) concentration) did not show clear responses, but membrane damage as lipid peroxidation (LPO) was observed in both copper exposures. Mussels previously held in control conditions or pre-exposed to 2 μg dissolved Cu/L were able to maintain their ionic homeostasis and did not experience mortality after the 4-d recovery period. In contrast, those previously exposed to 12 μg dissolved Cu/L exhibited 50% mortality indicating that they had already reached a 'point of no return'. Pre-exposure to copper did not influence mussel response to the copper challenge test. As observed for the chronic exposure, mortality of mussels held in the absence of copper and submitted to the challenge test was also associated with an ionoregulatory disturbance. These results indicate that ionoregulatory disruption in freshwater mussels chronically exposed to copper is the main mechanism of toxicity and that redox parameters do not appear to be useful as indicators of sub-lethal copper toxicity in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna B Jorge
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Brazil.
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15
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Martins TL, Chittó ALF, Rossetti CL, Brondani CK, Kucharski LC, Da Silva RS. Effects of hypo- or hyperosmotic stress on lipid synthesis and gluconeogenic activity in tissues of the crab Neohelice granulata. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:400-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bianchini A, Lauer MM, Nery LEM, Colares EP, Monserrat JM, dos Santos Filho EA. Biochemical and physiological adaptations in the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata during salinity acclimation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 151:423-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Monserrat JM, Martínez PE, Geracitano LA, Lund Amado L, Martinez Gaspar Martins C, Lopes Leães Pinho G, Soares Chaves I, Ferreira-Cravo M, Ventura-Lima J, Bianchini A. Pollution biomarkers in estuarine animals: critical review and new perspectives. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 146:221-234. [PMID: 17045848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent developments in monitoring toxicological responses in estuarine animals are analyzed, considering the biomarker responses to different classes of pollutants. The estuarine environment imposes stressful conditions to the organisms that inhabit it, and this situation can alter their sensitivity to many pollutants. The specificity of some biomarkers like metallothionein tissue concentration is discussed in virtue of its dependence on salinity, which is highly variable in estuaries. Examples of cholinesterase activity measurements are also provided and criteria to select sensitive enzymes to detect pesticides and toxins are discussed. Regarding non-specific biomarkers, toxic responses in terms of antioxidant defenses and/or oxidative damage are also considered in this review, focusing on invertebrate species. In addition, the presence of an antioxidant gradient along the body of the estuarine polychaete Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) and its relationship to different strategies, which deal with the generation of oxidative stress, is reviewed. Also, unusual antioxidant defenses against environmental pro-oxidants are discussed, including the mucus secreted by L. acuta. Disruption of osmoregulation by pollutants is of paramount importance in several estuarine species. In some cases such as in the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus, there is a trade off between bioavailability of toxicants (e.g. metals) and their interaction with key enzymes such as Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase. Thus, the metal effect on osmoregulation is also discussed in the present review. Finally, field case studies with fish species like the croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Scianidae) are used to illustrate the application of DNA damage and immunosuppressive responses as potential biomarkers of complex mixture of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Monserrat
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil.
| | - Pablo E Martínez
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica (FURG), Brazil
| | - Laura A Geracitano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
| | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marlize Ferreira-Cravo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
| | - Juliane Ventura-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada (FURG), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica (FURG), Brazil
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Bianchini A, Monserrat JM. Effects of methyl parathion on Chasmagnathus granulatus hepatopancreas: protective role of sesamol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2007; 67:100-8. [PMID: 16675014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Revised: 03/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The protective role of sesamol, an inhibitor of the mixed function oxygenase (MFO) system, against histopathological effects of methyl parathion in the hepatopancreas of the estuarine crab, Chasmagnathus granulatus, was studied. Exposure (72 h) to a sublethal dose (0.05 mg/kg/day; 10% of 72 h-LD50) of injected methyl parathion increased the percentage of damaged hepatopancreatic tubules. Presence of melanin-like deposits in the connective tissue between hepatopancreatic tubules was also observed. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and glutathione S-transferase) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were also increased in hepatopancreas of crabs injected with methyl parathion. Pretreatment with sesamol (0.85 mg/kg/day) significantly protected against all these effects. These findings suggest that the hepatopancreatic damages induced by methyl parathion are due to LPO of hepatopancreatocytes membranes, as a consequence of the oxidative stress generated after methyl parathion oxidative biotransformation mediated by the MFO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalto Bianchini
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96-201-900, Brazil.
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Elumalai M, Antunes C, Guilhermino L. Enzymatic biomarkers in the crab Carcinus maenas from the Minho River estuary (NW Portugal) exposed to zinc and mercury. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:1249-55. [PMID: 16949639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc and mercury are common contaminants of estuaries and coastal ecosystems where they may induce adverse effects on the biota. Carcinus maenas is a key-species in several European estuaries, living in close association with the sediment where a considerable number of environmental contaminants, including zinc and mercury may accumulate. In the present study, the acute effects of zinc and mercury on C. maenas from the Minho River Estuary (NW Portugal) were investigated by using the activity of the enzymes cholinesterase (ChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) as effects' criteria. Crabs were exposed for 96h to several concentrations of Zn(2+) (0, 1.84, 3.71, 7.39 and 14.79mg/l) or Hg(2+) (0, 0.09, 0.19, 0.37 and 0.74mg/l). The choice of Zn(2+) test concentrations was based on the LC50 value (14.86mg/l) determined in a first part of the study, while the choice of Hg(2+) concentrations was based on values from the literature. At the end of the bioassays, eye, muscle and hepatopancreas tissues were isolated and used for ChE, LDH and GST determinations, respectively. Zinc significantly inhibited ChE activity (p<0.05, EC50=14.68mg/l), caused significant alterations of GST activity (p<0.05) and induced LDH activity (p<0.05) at the exposure of 14.79mg/l. Mercury significantly inhibited ChE activity (p<0.001, LOEC=0.09mg/l, EC50=0.235mg/l) and increased both GST (p<0.05, LOEC=0.774mg/l) and LDH activities (p<0.05, LOEC=0.119mg/l). These results suggest that both metals interfere with cholinergic neurotransmission in C. maenas by inhibiting ChE activity. In addition, they also interfere with GST activity and this may reduce the capacity of detoxification of some chemicals and/or to increase the probability of oxidative stress to occur. Furthermore, both metals increase LDH activity, suggesting an interference with energy production pathways. Therefore, the presence of zinc and mercury in estuaries at concentrations in the mg/l or mug/l range, respectively, may have a negative impact on C. maenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elumalai
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Vinagre TM, Alciati JC, Yunes JS, Richards J, Bianchini A, Monserrat JM. Effects of extracts from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa on ion regulation and gill Na+,K+-ATPase and K+-dependent phosphatase activities of the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Physiol Biochem Zool 2002; 75:600-8. [PMID: 12601616 DOI: 10.1086/344496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries indicate that microcystins affect enzymes, such as Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, involved in ion regulation of aquatic animals, through K(+)-dependent phosphatase inhibition. In vitro studies showed the inhibitory effect of Microcystis aeruginosa extracts on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and K(+)-dependent phosphatase activities in gills of Chasmagnathus granulata (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Extracts of M. aeruginosa were prepared from lyophilized or cultures cells of the cyanobacterium. For lyophilized cells, IC(50) values were estimated as 0.46 microg/L (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.40-0.52 microg/L) and 1.31 microg/L (95% CI=1.14-1.51 microg/L) for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and K(+)-dependent phosphatase, respectively. However, extracts prepared from cultured cells presented a much lower inhibitory potency against both enzymes. Gas chromatography revealed long-chain fatty acids in the lyophilized cell extracts, indicating that they are in part responsible for the enzyme inhibition. In vivo studies showed that the toxin inhibited Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in anterior gills, whereas an increased augmented activity of glutathione-S-transferase was observed in both kind of gills, indicating that the crab has increased its ability to conjugate the toxin. No significant differences in hemolymph sodium or chloride concentration were detected. This result is in agreement with the lack of effects of microcystin on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity of posterior (osmoregulating) gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Vinagre
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Manusadzianas L, Maksimov G, Darginaviciene J, Jurkoniene S, Sadauskas K, Vitkus R. Response of the charophyte Nitellopsis obtusa to heavy metals at the cellular, cell membrane, and enzyme levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2002; 17:275-283. [PMID: 12112636 DOI: 10.1002/tox.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The responses of the freshwater macroalga Nitellopsis obtusa to heavy metal (HM) salts of Hg, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, and Ni were assessed at different levels: whole-cell mortality (96-h LC(50)), in vivo cell membrane (45-min depolarization of resting potential, EC(50)), and enzyme in plasma membrane preparations (K+, Mg2+-specific H+-ATPase inhibition, IC(50)). To measure ATPase activity, a novel procedure for isolation of plasma membrane-enriched vesicles from charophyte cells was developed. The short-term ATPase inhibition assay (IC(50) from 6.0 x 10(-7) to 4.6 x 10(-4) M) was slightly more sensitive than the cell mortality test (LC(50) from 1.1 x 10(-6) to 2.6 x 10(-3) M), and the electrophysiological test with the end point of 45-min depolarization of resting potential was characterized by less sensitivity for HMs (EC(50) from 1.1 x 10(-4) to 2.2 x 10(-2) M). The variability of IC(50) values assessed for HMs in the ATPase assays was close to that of LC(50) values in the mortality tests (CVs from 33.5 to 83.5 and from 12.4% to 57.7%, respectively), whereas the EC(50) values in the electrophysiological tests were characterized by CVs generally below 30%. All three end points identified two separate HM groups according to their toxicity to N. obtusa: Co, Ni, and Cr comprised a group of less toxic metals, whereas Hg, Cu, and Cd comprised a group of more toxic metals. However, the adverse effects within each group were discriminated differently. For example, the maximum difference between the highest and lowest LC(50) for the group of less toxic metals in the long-term mortality test was approximately 60% of the response range, whereas the corresponding difference in IC(50) values in the ATPase assay was 30%. In contrast, the LC(50) values of the more toxic metals occupied only 10% of the response range, whereas the IC(50) values were spread over 70%. Further investigation should be done of the underlying mechanism or mechanisms responsible for the observed differences in the dynamic range of a particular end point of the groups of toxicants of varying strength.
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Castilho PC, Martins IA, Bianchini A. Gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and osmoregulation in the estuarine crab, Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 (Decapoda, Grapsidae). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 2001; 256:215-227. [PMID: 11164864 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Some kinetic properties of gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase of the estuarine crab, Chasmagnathus granulata, and its involvement in osmotic adaptation were analyzed. Results suggest the presence of different Na(+),K(+)-ATPase isoforms in anterior and posterior gills. They have different affinities for Na(+), but similar affinity values for K(+), Mg(2+), ATP and similar enzymatic profiles as a function of temperature of the incubation medium. Ouabain concentrations which inhibit 50% of enzyme activity were also similar in the two types of gills. Enzyme activity and affinity for Na(+) are higher in posterior gills than in anterior ones. Furthermore, affinities of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase of posterior gills for Na(+) and K(+) were similar to or higher than those of gills or other structures involved in the osmoregulation in several euryaline decapod crustaceans. Acclimation to low salinity was related to a significant increase in the maximum Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity, mainly in posterior gills. On the other hand, crab acclimation to high salinity induced a significant decrease in maximum enzyme activity, both in anterior and posterior gills. These results are in accordance to the osmoregulatory performance showed by C. granulata in diluted media, and point out the major role of posterior gills in the osmoregulation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C. Castilho
- Laboratório de Zoofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Caixa Postal 474, CEP 96.201-900, RS, Rio Grande, Brazil
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de Freitas Rebelo M, Rodriguez EM, Santos EA, Ansaldo M. Histopathological changes in gills of the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Crustacea-Decapoda) following acute exposure to ammonia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2000; 125:157-64. [PMID: 11790338 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(99)00093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological effects of ammonia on the gills of the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Dana, 1851) were evaluated after acute exposure to ammonia concentrations around LC(50) value (17.85 Mm). Disruption of pilaster cells and a subsequent collapse of gill lamellae were the main effects observed. Epithelial necrosis and hyperplasia were also detected. Significant (P<0.05) increases in pCO(2) and lactate, and significant decreases of pO(2) were detected in the haemolymph of ammonia-exposed crabs. These changes suggest that the observed histopathological damage affected gas exchange, possibly leading to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de Freitas Rebelo
- Dept. Ciências Fisiologicas, Lab. Zoofisiologia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, CP 474, Rio Grande, RS, 91206-900, Brazil.
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