1
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Sercundes MK, Ortolan LS, da Silva Julio V, Bella LM, de Castro Quirino T, Debone D, Carneiro-Ramos MS, Christoffolete MA, Martins JO, D'Império Lima MR, Alvarez JM, Amarante-Mendes GP, Gonçalves LA, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Blockade of caspase cascade overcomes malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:144. [PMID: 35145061 PMCID: PMC8831525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an enormous burden on global health that caused 409,000 deaths in 2019. Severe malaria can manifest in the lungs, an illness known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Not much is known about the development of malaria-associated ARDS (MA-ARDS), especially regarding cell death in the lungs. We had previously established a murine model that mimics various human ARDS aspects, such as pulmonary edema, hemorrhages, pleural effusion, and hypoxemia, using DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Here, we explored the mechanisms and the involvement of apoptosis in this syndrome. We found that apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of MA-ARDS, primarily as facilitators of the alveolar-capillary barrier breakdown. The protection of pulmonary endothelium by inhibiting caspase activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent the pathogenicity of MA-ARDS. Therefore, intervention in the programmed death cell mechanism could help patients not to develop severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Sercundes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana S Ortolan
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Global Infectious Disease, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Viviane da Silva Julio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Bella
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thatyane de Castro Quirino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Debone
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joilson O Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José M Alvarez
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Antunes Gonçalves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Renema P, Kozhukhar N, Pastukh V, Spadafora D, Paudel SS, Tambe DT, Alexeyev M, Frank DW, Stevens T. Exoenzyme Y induces extracellular active caspase-7 accumulation independent from apoptosis: modulation of transmissible cytotoxicity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L380-L390. [PMID: 32579398 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00508.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-3 and -7 are executioner caspases whose enzymatic activity is necessary to complete apoptotic cell death. Here, we questioned whether endothelial cell infection leads to caspase-3/7-mediated cell death. Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA103). PA103 caused cell swelling with a granular appearance, paralleled by intracellular caspase-3/7 activation and cell death. In contrast, PMVEC infection with ExoY+ (PA103 ΔexoUexoT::Tc pUCPexoY) caused cell rounding, but it did not activate intracellular caspase-3/7 and it did not cause cell death. However, ExoY+ led to a time-dependent accumulation of active caspase-7, but not caspase-3, in the supernatant, independent of apoptosis. To study the function of extracellular caspase-7, caspase-7- and caspase-3-deficient PMVECs were generated using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology. Caspase-7 activity was significantly reduced in supernatants from infected caspase-7-deficient cells but was unchanged in supernatants from infected caspase-3 deficient cells, indicating an uncoupling in the mechanism of activation of these two enzymes. Because ExoY+ leads to the release of heat stable amyloid cytotoxins that are responsible for transmissible cytotoxicity, we next questioned whether caspase-7 contributes to the severity of this process. Supernatants obtained from infected caspase-7-deficient cells displayed significantly reduced transmissible cytotoxicity when compared with supernatants from infected wild-type controls, illustrating an essential role for caspase-7 in promoting the potency of transmissible cytotoxicity. Thus, we report a mechanism whereby ExoY+ infection induces active caspase-7 accumulation in the extracellular space, independent of both caspase-3 and cell death, where it modulates ExoY+-induced transmissible cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoibe Renema
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Natalya Kozhukhar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Viktoriya Pastukh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | | | - Sunita Subedi Paudel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Dhananjay T Tambe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Dara W Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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3
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Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide associated with a high mortality rate, yet, there are no effective treatments for PQ poisoning. PQ may damage alveolar type II cells leading to moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The present study was undertaken to show that PQ causes alveolar type II (A549) cell death and to evaluate whether chloroquine (CQ) can protect A549 cells against PQ-induced cell death. The results showed that high concentrations of PQ resulted in toxicity, as indicated by a decrease in cell viability. More importantly, for the first time, CQ was found to improve cell viability of PQ treated A549 cells. Moreover, our data demonstrated that CQ increased lysosome-associated membrane protein-1, lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 and light chain-3 expressions, suggesting that the mechanism by which CQ rescues PQ-induced cytotoxicity may be through protection of the lysosomal membrane or up-regulation of autophagy. In conclusion, our study indicates that CQ may be used as a potential drug to rescue PQ-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Xu
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| | - Zhong Wang
- b Beijing Tsinghua Hospital, Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
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4
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van den Berg E, Bal SM, Kuipers MT, Matute-Bello G, Lutter R, Bos AP, van Woensel JBM, Bem RA. The caspase inhibitor zVAD increases lung inflammation in pneumovirus infection in mice. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/3/e12332. [PMID: 25780096 PMCID: PMC4393166 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is a frequent cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in young children, and is associated with marked lung epithelial injury and neutrophilic inflammation. Experimental studies on ARDS have shown that inhibition of apoptosis in the lungs reduces lung epithelial injury. However, the blockade of apoptosis in the lungs may also have deleterious effects by hampering viral clearance, and importantly, by enhancing or prolonging local proinflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the broad caspase inhibitor Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK (zVAD) on inflammation and lung injury in a mouse pneumovirus model for severe RSV disease. Eight- to 11-week-old female C57BL/6OlaHsd mice were inoculated with the rodent-specific pneumovirus pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) strain J3666 and received multiple injections of zVAD or vehicle (control) during the course of disease, after which they were studied for markers of apoptosis, inflammation, and lung injury on day 7 after infection. PVM-infected mice that received zVAD had a strong increase in neutrophil numbers in the lungs, which was associated with decreased neutrophil apoptosis. Furthermore, zVAD treatment led to higher concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs and more weight loss in PVM-infected mice. In contrast, zVAD did not reduce apoptosis of lung epithelial cells and did not affect the degree of lung injury, permeability, and viral titers in PVM disease. We conclude that zVAD has an adverse effect in severe pneumovirus disease in mice by enhancing the lung proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske van den Berg
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T Kuipers
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P Bos
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job B M van Woensel
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout A Bem
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Damarla M, Parniani AR, Johnston L, Maredia H, Serebreni L, Hamdan O, Sidhaye VK, Shimoda LA, Myers AC, Crow MT, Schmidt EP, Machamer CE, Gaestel M, Rane MJ, Kolb TM, Kim BS, Damico RL, Hassoun PM. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 mediates apoptosis during lung vascular permeability by regulating movement of cleaved caspase 3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:932-41. [PMID: 24304496 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0361oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a key pathologic feature in acute lung injury. Animal studies have demonstrated that pathways regulating apoptosis are necessary in the development of acute lung injury, and that activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is linked to the initiation of the apoptotic cascade. In this study, we assessed the role of the MAPK-activated protein kinase (MK) 2, one of p38 MAPK's immediate downstream effectors, in the development of apoptosis in an animal model of LPS-induced pulmonary vascular permeability. Our results indicate that wild-type (WT) mice exposed to LPS demonstrate increased apoptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and increased deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP nick-end labeling staining, which is accompanied by increases in markers of vascular permeability. In contrast, MK2(-/-) mice are protected from pulmonary vascular permeability and apoptosis in response to LPS. Although there was no difference in activation of caspase 3 in MK2(-/-) compared with WT mice, interestingly, cleaved caspase 3 translocated to the nucleus in WT mice while it remained in the cytosol of MK2(-/-) mice in response to LPS. In separate experiments, LPS-induced apoptosis in human lung microvascular endothelial cells was also associated with nuclear translocation of cleaved caspase 3 and apoptosis, which were both prevented by MK2 silencing. In conclusion, our data suggest that MK2 plays a critical role in the development of apoptosis and pulmonary vascular permeability, and its effects on apoptosis are in part related to its ability to regulate nuclear translocation of cleaved caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Damarla
- 1 Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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6
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Junkins RD, Carrigan SO, Wu Z, Stadnyk AW, Cowley E, Issekutz T, Berman J, Lin TJ. Mast Cells Protect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa–Induced Lung Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2310-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Huber P, Bouillot S, Elsen S, Attrée I. Sequential inactivation of Rho GTPases and Lim kinase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins ExoS and ExoT leads to endothelial monolayer breakdown. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1927-41. [PMID: 23974244 PMCID: PMC11113219 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major human opportunistic pathogen and one of the most important causal agents of bacteremia. For non-blood-borne infection, bacterial dissemination requires the crossing of the vascular endothelium, the main barrier between blood and the surrounding tissues. Here, we investigated the effects of P. aeruginosa type 3 secretion effectors, namely ExoS, ExoT, and ExoY, on regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in primary endothelial cells. ExoS and ExoT similarly affected the Lim kinase-cofilin pathway, thereby promoting actin filament severing. Cofilin activation was also observed in a mouse model of P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia. Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases were sequentially inactivated, leading to inhibition of membrane ruffling, filopodia, and stress fiber collapse, and focal adhesion disruption. At the end of the process, ExoS and ExoT produced a dramatic retraction in all primary endothelial cell types tested and thus a rupture of the endothelial monolayer. ExoY alone had no effect in this context. Cell retraction could be counteracted by overexpression of actin cytoskeleton regulators. In addition, our data suggest that moesin is neither a direct exotoxin target nor an important player in this process. We conclude that any action leading to inhibition of actin filament breakdown will improve the barrier function of the endothelium during P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Huber
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France,
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8
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Ballesteros MA, López-Hoyos M, Muñoz P, Marin MJ, Miñambres E. Apoptosis of neuronal cells induced by serum of patients with acute brain injury: a new in vitro prognostic model. Intensive Care Med 2006; 33:58-65. [PMID: 16964482 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-006-0361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether serum draining from the jugular bulb of patients with traumatic or haemorrhagic brain injury induced apoptosis of neuronal PC12 cells in vitro and whether the apoptotic rate correlated with patients' outcome at 6 months. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective clinical investigation in a 21-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital. PATIENTS Seventy patients who had suffered from acute brain injury requiring intensive care. INTERVENTIONS Jugular bulb vein and systemic samples were obtained on admission to the ICU and after 48 h. PC12 cells were incubated in the presence of 10% of heat-inactivated patient's sera and apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry using annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D. RESULTS Regional serum draining from the lesions induced higher early apoptosis of PC12 cells than systemic serum. Early apoptotic rate, Glasgow coma score, APACHE II score and the presence of pupil abnormalities were associated with mortality at 6 months in univariate statistical analyses. In logistic regression analysis only early apoptotic rate was an independent factor associated with mortality at 6 months (odds ratio: 1.502, 95% CI 1.2-1.9; p<0.001). The final model has a sensitivity of 82.4% and a specificity of 84.8% for predicting death within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS We developed a simple and reproducible in vitro model for predicting outcome in patients with traumatic or haemorrhagic brain injury that survived in the early phase. Our in vitro model combined with clinical and radiological measurements might improve the value of prognostic models to predict acute brain injury patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Ballesteros
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
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9
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Schreiber T, Swanson PE, Chang KC, Davis CC, Dunne WM, Karl IE, Reinhart K, Hotchkiss RS. BOTH GRAM-NEGATIVE AND GRAM-POSITIVE EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA INDUCE PROFOUND LYMPHOCYTE BUT NOT RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL CELL APOPTOSIS. Shock 2006; 26:271-6. [PMID: 16912652 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk0000225856.32260.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether and by which pathway (via the death receptor or mitochondrial mediated pathway) lymphocyte apoptosis occurs in pneumonia and to determine if increased bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis occurs in pneumonia. Prospective randomized study in a university research laboratory. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 30). Animals received an intratracheal injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa to induce gram-positive or gram-negative pneumonia, respectively and were killed 24, 30, or 48 h later. Presence of pneumonia was confirmed via gross visual examination of lungs and by histology. Lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen and thymus was analyzed by flow cytometry for active caspases 3, 8, and 9 and by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for active caspase 3 and DNA strand breaks. Respiratory epithelial cell apoptosis was assessed by IHC. Histologically, pneumonia was present in all bacteria-treated animals but none in sham-treated mice. Extensive lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen and thymus was documented by characteristic morphological changes on hematoxylin and eosin staining and by IHC staining in both S. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa infection. Flow cytometry confirmed IHC and showed apoptotic lymphocytes positive for active caspases 3, 8, and 9 in both thymi and spleens in both infections. In contrast to the extensive lymphocyte apoptosis, only rare scattered apoptotic changes were seen in respiratory epithelial or endothelial cells in pneumonia due to either organism. Increased lymphocyte but not bronchial cell apoptosis occurs in both gram-positive and gram-negative pneumonia and probably involves both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Filopon D, Mérieau A, Bernot G, Comet JP, LeBerre R, Guery B, Polack B, Guespin-Michel J. Epigenetic acquisition of inducibility of type III cytotoxicity in P. aeruginosa. BMC Bioinformatics 2006; 7:272. [PMID: 16734902 PMCID: PMC1488876 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is often encountered in chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pneumonia, as well as acute settings like mechanical ventilation acquired pneumonia or neutropenic patients. It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in these diseases. In lungs, P. aeruginosa settles in a biofilm mode of growth with the secretion of exopolysaccharides in which it is encapsulated, enhancing its antibiotic resistance and contributing to the respiratory deficiency of patients. However, bacteria must first multiply to a high density and display a cytotoxic phenotype to avoid the host's defences. A virulence determinant implicated in this step of infection is the type III secretion system (TTSS), allowing toxin injection directly into host cells. At the beginning of the infection, most strains isolated from patients' lungs possess an inducible TTSS allowing toxins injection or secretion upon in vivo or in vitro activation signals. As the infection persists most of the bacteria permanently loose this capacity, although no mutations have been evidenced. We name "non inducible" this phenotype. As suggested by the presence of a positive feedback circuit in the regulatory network controlling TTSS expression, it may be due to an epigenetic switch allowing heritable phenotypic modifications without genotype's mutations. Results Using the generalised logical method, we designed a minimal model of the TTSS regulatory network that could support the epigenetic hypothesis, and studied its dynamics which helped to define a discriminating experimental scenario sufficient to validate the epigenetic hypothesis. A mathematical framework based on formal methods from computer science allowed a rigorous validation and certification of parameters of this model leading to epigenetic behaviour. Then, we demonstrated that a non inducible strain of P. aeruginosa can stably acquire the capacity to be induced by calcium depletion for the TTSS after a short pulse of a regulatory protein. Finally, the increased cytotoxicity of a strain after this epigenetic switch was demonstrated in vivo in an acute pulmonary infection model. Conclusion These results may offer new perspectives for therapeutic strategies to prevent lethal infections by P. aeruginosa by reverting the epigenetic inducibility of type III cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Filopon
- GREPI EA 2938 CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Annabelle Mérieau
- Laboratoire de microbiologie du froid, EA 2123, Université de Rouen, F-76 821 Mt St Aignan, France
| | - Gilles Bernot
- LaMI, CNRS UMR 8042, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne, Boulevard François Mitterrand, 91025 Évry, France
| | - Jean-Paul Comet
- LaMI, CNRS UMR 8042, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne, Boulevard François Mitterrand, 91025 Évry, France
| | - Rozenne LeBerre
- EA 2689, Faculté de Médecine, Pole Recherche, CHRU de Lille, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Guery
- EA 2689, Faculté de Médecine, Pole Recherche, CHRU de Lille, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Polack
- GREPI EA 2938 CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Janine Guespin-Michel
- Laboratoire de microbiologie du froid, EA 2123, Université de Rouen, F-76 821 Mt St Aignan, France
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11
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Robriquet L, Collet F, Tournoys A, Prangère T, Nevière R, Fourrier F, Guery BP. Intravenous administration of activated protein C in Pseudomonas-induced lung injury: impact on lung fluid balance and the inflammatory response. Respir Res 2006; 7:41. [PMID: 16553944 PMCID: PMC1435891 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) induces a coagulation/fibrinolysis imbalance and leads to fibrin deposition. The protein C pathway is an important regulator of the coagulation system and reduces the inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) in the early phase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa)-induced lung injury. Methods The study was conducted in vivo on a rat model of Pa-induced ALI. Continuous intravenous (IV) rhAPC was administrated simultaneously with intratracheal (IT) Pa. We instilled into the airspaces a 5% bovine albumin solution with 1 μ(Ci of 125 I-albumin and injected IV 1 μ(Ci of 111In-albumin to measure lung liquid clearance (LLC) and endothelial injury. Cytokines levels (TNFα and IL-6) and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes were measured in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 4 hours. Four groups were compared: control (CTR), pneumonia (PNP) receiving IT Pa (0.5 ml/kg of 1 × 109 cfu), APC: IV rhAPC (300 μg/kg/h), A-PNP: IT Pa /IV rhAPC. Results Alveolar-capillary permeability was increased in the PNP versus the CTR group (0.28 ± 0.08 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01, p < 0.05). IV rhAPC in Pa-induced ALI led to further injury (0.47 ± 0.17 vs. 0.28 ± 0.08, p = 0.2). The LLC was significantly decreased in the A-PNP group compared to PNP group (9.1 ± (4.3% vs. 33.4 ± 2.6%, p < 0.05). The lung wet to dry weight ratio was significantly increased in the PNP group (4.62 ± 0.31) compared to the CTR group (3.87 ± 0.22, p < 0.05). IV rhAPC administration tends to increase this parameter in Pa-induced ALI (5.80 ± 0.66, p = 0.07). These findings were associated with a loss of inflammatory response compartmentalization measured by TNFα and IL-6 systemic levels. TAT complexes in BALF were increased in the A-PNP group (23.17 ± 2.89 ng/ml) compared to the CTR group (0.92 ± 0.17 ng/ml, p < 0.05) and the PNP group (11.06 ± 2.76 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Conclusion rhAPC reduces LLC following Pa-induced ALI and may influence pulmonary edema formation. The early massive fibrin formation is probably beneficial in ALI limiting both the extent of injury and permeability disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Robriquet
- EA 2689, Faculté de Médecine–Université de Lille 2- 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - François Collet
- EA 2689, Faculté de Médecine–Université de Lille 2- 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Tournoys
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie CHRU Lille, Hopital Salengro, Bd Pr Leclecq, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Prangère
- Laboratoire de Biophysique- Service de Médecine Nucléaire–Faculté de Médecine/CHRU de Lille- 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Rémi Nevière
- EA 2689, Faculté de Médecine–Université de Lille 2- 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - François Fourrier
- EA 2689, Faculté de Médecine–Université de Lille 2- 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Benoît P Guery
- EA 2689, Faculté de Médecine–Université de Lille 2- 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
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12
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Ader F, Le Berre R, Faure K, Gosset P, Epaulard O, Toussaint B, Polack B, Nowak E, Viget NB, Kipnis E, Guery BP. Alveolar response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: role of the type III secretion system. Infect Immun 2005; 73:4263-71. [PMID: 15972518 PMCID: PMC1168600 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.7.4263-4271.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III secretion system (TTSS) is a specialized cytotoxin-translocating apparatus of gram-negative bacteria which is involved in lung injury, septic shock, and a poor patient outcome. Recent studies have attributed these effects mainly to the ExoU effector protein. However, few studies have focused on the ExoU-independent pathogenicity of the TTSS. For the present study, we compared the pathogenicities of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine model of acute lung injury. We compared the CHA strain, which has a functional TTSS producing ExoS and ExoT but not ExoU, to an isogenic mutant with an inactivated exsA gene, CHA-D1, which does not express the TTSS at all. Rats challenged with CHA had significantly increased lung injury, as assessed by the wet/dry weight ratio for the lungs and the protein level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 12 h, compared to those challenged with CHA-D1. Consistent with these findings, the CHA strain was associated with increased in vitro cytotoxicity on A549 cells, as assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. CHA was also associated at 12 h with a major decrease in polymorphonuclear neutrophils in BALF, with a proinflammatory response, as assessed by the amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta, and with decreased bacterial clearance from the lungs, ultimately leading to an increased mortality rate. These results demonstrate that the TTSS has a major role in P. aeruginosa pathogenicity independent of the role of ExoU. This report underscores the crucial roles of ExoS and ExoT or other TTSS-related virulence factors in addition to ExoU.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ader
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Pathologie Infectieuse, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, France
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Miñambres E, Lopez-Escribano H, Ballesteros MA, Peña M, López-Hoyos M. Apoptosis of Jurkat cells induced by serum of patients with acute severe brain injury. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:791-8. [PMID: 15843918 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-005-2635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the capacity of serum samples draining from the neuronal lesions to induce apoptosis of the lymphoid Jurkat cells in vitro and to analyze whether this effect is related to patient outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective clinical investigation in a 21-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital. PATIENTS Forty-two patients who had suffered from acute brain injury (traumatic brain injury or spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage) requiring intensive care. INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were obtained simultaneously from jugular bulb vein (regional) and from central venous catheter (systemic) on admission to the ICU and after 24, 48, and 72 h. Jurkat cells were incubated in the presence of 10% of heat-inactivated patients sera. The percentages of apoptotic cultured cells was measured by staining with annexin V and propidium iodide. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Regional serum draining from the lesions induced higher percentages of early and late apoptotic cells than systemic serum. The apoptotic effect was clearer with the sera from the patients who developed brain death. The apoptotic effect maintained a relationship with the mortality and the functional outcome at 6 months after the injury. CONCLUSIONS Despite being performed on lymphoid cells because of the easier technical handling, our data help to elucidate the role of apoptosis for brain damage in acute brain injury. This and other undergoing studies on neuronal cells will enhance the understanding and management of apoptotic cell death in patients with acute brain injury admitted to the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Miñambres
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
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Andrews P, Azoulay E, Antonelli M, Brochard L, Brun-Buisson C, Dobb G, Fagon JY, Gerlach H, Groeneveld J, Mancebo J, Metnitz P, Nava S, Pugin J, Pinsky M, Radermacher P, Richard C, Tasker R, Vallet B. Year in review in intensive care medicine, 2004. III. Outcome, ICU organisation, scoring, quality of life, ethics, psychological problems and communication in the ICU, immunity and hemodynamics during sepsis, pediatric and neonatal critical care, experimental studies. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:356-72. [PMID: 15719149 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-005-2573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Andrews
- Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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