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Birkenmaier C, Levrard L, Melcher C, Wegener B, Ricke J, Holzapfel BM, Baur-Melnyk A, Mehrens D. Distances and angles in standing long-leg radiographs: comparing conventional radiography, digital radiography, and EOS. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1517-1528. [PMID: 38378861 PMCID: PMC11194212 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distances and angles measured from long-leg radiographs (LLR) are important for surgical decision-making. However, projectional radiography suffers from distortion, potentially generating differences between measurement and true anatomical dimension. These phenomena are not uniform between conventional radiography (CR) digital radiography (DR) and fan-beam technology (EOS). We aimed to identify differences between these modalities in an experimental setup. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hemiskeleton was stabilized using an external fixator in neutral, valgus and varus knee alignment. Ten images were acquired for each alignment and each modality: one CR setup, two different DR systems, and an EOS. A total of 1680 measurements were acquired and analyzed. RESULTS We observed great differences for dimensions and angles between the 4 modalities. Femoral head diameter measurements varied in the range of > 5 mm depending on the modality, with EOS being the closest to the true anatomical dimension. With functional leg length, a difference of 8.7% was observed between CR and EOS and with the EOS system being precise in the vertical dimension on physical-technical grounds, this demonstrates significant projectional magnification with CR-LLR. The horizontal distance between the medial malleoli varied by 20 mm between CR and DR, equating to 21% of the mean. CONCLUSIONS Projectional distortion resulting in variations approaching 21% of the mean indicate, that our confidence on measurements from standing LLR may not be justified. It appears likely that among the tested equipment, EOS-generated images are closest to the true anatomical situation most of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Birkenmaier
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Artemed Klinikum München Süd, Department for Spine Surgery and Scoliosis Center, Am Isarkanal 30, 81379, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Carolin Melcher
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Schön Klinik Neustadt, Klinik für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Skoliosezentrum, Am Kiebitzberg 10, 23730, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Bernd Wegener
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Baur-Melnyk
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Radiologie München, Burgstraße 7, 80331, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Mehrens
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Großhadern Campus, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Fu X, She Y, Jin G, Liu C, Liu Z, Li W, Jin R. Comparison of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:292. [PMID: 39052153 PMCID: PMC11272701 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-02045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the changes in different clinical scores and imaging indexes of patients who underwent robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) and manual total knee arthroplasty (M-TKA). PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched according to PRISMA guidelines in June 2024. Search terms included "robot-assisted", "manual" and "total knee arthroplasty". Outcome indicators included American Knee Society Score (KSS), Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), range of motion (ROM), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), operation duration (min), intraoperative blood loss (ml), pain score, patient's satisfaction scores, hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, frontal femoral component angle, frontal tibia component angle, lateral femoral component angle and lateral tibia component angle. A total of 1,033 articles were obtained after removing duplicates, and 12 studies involving 2,863 patients (1,449 RA-TKAs and 1,414 M-TKAs) were finally meta-analyzed (22-32). The baseline data of both groups were similar in all results. Meta-analysis suggested a better performance of the RA-TKA group than the M-TKA group regarding the HKA angle. The manual TKA reduced the operation time and significantly improved the range of motion. The results of > 6 months follow-up showed that M-TKA was better than RA-TKA in terms of KSS score and WOMAC. Compared with M-TKA, RA-TKA can produce more accurate prosthetic alignment, but it does not lead to better clinical results. Orthopedic surgeons should choose between two surgical procedures according to their own experience and patients' characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Yiming She
- Department of Nephrology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Guangwen Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Chengri Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Ri Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji Jilin, 133002, China.
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Bae K, Lee BS, Kim JM, Bin SI, Lee J, Kim D, Jeon T. Effect of joint-line obliquity on long-term survivorship of total knee arthroplasty: A postoperative phenotype analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024. [PMID: 38895851 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether the longevity of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) differs between postoperative phenotypes has not been investigated. This study aims to examine which phenotype has a worse long-term survival rate than the reference phenotype (neutral alignment-parallel joint line), and whether joint-line obliquity (JLO) affects the survivorship of TKA. METHODS A total of 945 knees that underwent primary TKAs for primary osteoarthritis from January 2000 to January 2009 were included. These were classified into nine postoperative phenotypes based on the combined assessment of the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle and JLO, measured on standing radiographs. The 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rates were analysed using Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests. The long-term survival rates of each phenotype were compared with the reference phenotype. RESULTS There were 55 aseptic mechanical failures within a period of 10.4 ± 5.0 years. The most frequently observed phenotypes were the reference phenotype (n = 527), neutral alignment-lateral joint-line inclination (n = 162), varus alignment-lateral joint-line inclination (n = 104) and varus alignment-parallel joint line (n = 101). The overall failure rate for each phenotype was 3.6%, 3.7%, 18.3% and 7.9%, respectively. Only the 10- and 15-year survival rates of the varus alignment-lateral joint-line inclination phenotype were significantly different from those of the reference phenotype (97%-93% vs. 90%-69%; p = 0.017, <0.001). CONCLUSION The lateral joint-line inclination phenotype had an inferior long-term survival rate after varus-aligned TKA. This suggested that alignment and JLO affected the long-term survival rate of patients who underwent TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, Retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum-Sik Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jongjin Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyok Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehyeon Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Orsi AD, Shatrov J, Plaskos C, Kreuzer S. Personalized alignment techniques better restore the native trochlear groove compared to systematic alignment techniques in total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:915-928. [PMID: 38426570 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between constitutional coronal alignment and implant positioning on trochlear groove restoration in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the choice of alignment philosophy significantly affects the restoration of the trochlea groove. METHODS Sixty-one imageless robotic TKAs performed by a single orthopaedic surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. In each case, the entire native trochlea was digitized to generate the native femoral anatomy, and implants were planned according to a functional alignment (FA) technique. Final implant position was recorded using the validated bone resection planes from the navigation system. Simulated femoral component positions were generated according to previously described alignment techniques: mechanical alignment (MA), gap balancing (GB), kinematic alignment (KA), restricted kinematic alignment (rKA) and restricted inverse kinematic alignment (riKA). Trochlear angle (TA), trochlear under/overstuffing and mediolateral sulcus offset were compared between the six simulated alignment techniques, as well as the final implanted technique. Further analyses investigated the effect of preoperative coronal alignment on trochlear position. Comparisons were assessed with an analysis of variance and Welch's t-tests or Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests with Bonferroni corrections. RESULTS The implanted and simulated techniques all resulted in greater TA valgus compared to the native groove (p < 0.001). The implanted technique, KA and rKA were closer to the native TA than GB, MA and riKA (p > 0.001). All alignment philosophies understuffed the native trochlea groove. KA and rKA understuffed less than all other techniques (p < 0.001), and GB understuffed more than all other techniques (p < 0.001). In extension, all techniques shifted the trochlear sulcus laterally, while in flexion, they medialized it. These effects were most prominent in GB and MA. CONCLUSION Personalized alignment techniques such as KA and rKA, which consider variations in individual anatomy, best restore the native patellar groove compared to systematic alignment techniques when using a standardized femoral component. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jobe Shatrov
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Charre D, An JS, Khakha R, Kley K, Şahbat Y, Ollivier M. 'One millimetre equals one degree' is a major source of inaccuracy in planning osteotomies around the knee for metaphyseal deformities compared to the digital planning. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:987-999. [PMID: 38431800 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of virtually performed osteotomies around the knee. The comparison was made between the Miniaci method (method 1), considered the gold standard planning, with the widely held dogma that one degree of correction required equates to one millimetre of opening/closing (method 2). METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2018 and September 2022 in patients aged at least 15 years with metaphyseal knee deformity. Osteotomy planning was performed in methods 1 and 2 utilising calibrated long-leg alignment X-rays in the frontal plane. In both methods, the desired correction was defined by the Fujisawa point. The error % in measurement (ratio method 1/method 2) and the difference in millimetres (method 1 - method 2) between the two methods were analysed. RESULTS A total of 107 osteotomies with 27 (25.2%) distal femoral osteotomies, 54 (50.5%) proximal tibial osteotomies and 26 (24.3%) double-level osteotomies were performed virtually with a mean hip-knee-ankle angle of 176.4 ± 6.6. In distal femur osteotomy, the mean error % between methods 1 and 2 was 38.9 ± 16.7% and 22.4 ± 16.8% for the opening and closing groups, respectively. In proximal tibial osteotomies, the mean error % was 22.7 ± 15.6% and 9 ± 10.8% for the opening and closing groups, respectively. In double-level osteotomy, the mean error % of femur-based corrections was 34.9 ± 19% and 19.5 ± 21% for the opening and closing groups, respectively, and the mean error of the tibial-based corrections was 26.4 ± 12.1% for the opening group and 10.8 ± 10% for the closing group, respectively. CONCLUSION Planning one millimeter per degree of desired correction for osteotomies around the knee in metaphyseal deformities is a major source of error when compared with digital planning using the Miniaci method. This was seen most frequently with osteotomies of the distal femur and all opening wedge osteotomies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level Ⅲ, retrospective cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Charre
- Institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Marseille, France
| | - Jae-Sung An
- Institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Marseille, France
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kristian Kley
- Harley Street Specialist Hospital, London, UK
- Orthopädie Maximilium, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Yavuz Şahbat
- Institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Marseille, France
- Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Matthieu Ollivier
- Institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, Marseille, France
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Khury F, Oltmanns M, Unseld T, Fuchs M, Reichel H, Faschingbauer M. Which Knee Phenotypes Exhibit the Strongest Correlation With Cartilage Degeneration? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:500-510. [PMID: 37703204 PMCID: PMC10871747 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although articular wear has been thoroughly investigated, the effects of abnormal limb alignment on cartilage degeneration over time remain poorly understood. An exact assessment of the correlation between lower limb alignment abnormalities and MRI-observed articular degradation may be helpful for understanding the progression of osteoarthritis and planning future treatment. QUESTION/PURPOSE In patients with moderate to advanced osteoarthritis, (1) is there a correlation between overall alignment of the knee and the location of cartilage degradation over time, as measured by cartilage metrics on MRI? (2) Is there a correlation between tibial alignment and the location of cartilage degradation over time, as measured by cartilage metrics on MRI? (3) Is there a correlation between femoral alignment and the location of cartilage degradation over time, as measured by cartilage metrics on MRI? METHODS Between April 2020 and September 2022, we retrospectively evaluated 3106 patients aged 45 to 79 years who were at risk of experiencing knee osteoarthritis. Of those, we considered as potentially eligible 600 symptomatic index knees with radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis-Kellgren-Lawrence Grades 2 or 3-at the baseline visit. Of those, 22% (134 of 600) were excluded because of a lack of proper alignment measurements, leaving 466 knees with measurements of radiologic alignment angles and quantitative MRI cartilage measurements of 16 subregions of the femorotibial compartment at baseline and 12 and 24 months, and 64 knees at the 48-month visit for investigation in the current study. Data regarding cartilage measurements of the patellofemoral compartment were not available for analysis. The knees were categorized into one of the possible 25 different phenotypes of the lower extremity established by previous research, based on the neutral, valgus, or varus distal mechanical angle of the femur and proximal tibial mechanical angle on full-limb radiographs. We applied ANOVA to estimate the effect size of the overall, femoral, and tibial alignments on the location of cartilage degradation over time, as measured by cartilage metrics on MRI. RESULTS We found that the overall combinations of a valgus femur with valgus tibia or a valgus femur with varus tibia were associated with the highest loss of cartilage in the internal medial tibial subregion and anterior lateral tibial subregion (η 2 p = 0.39 and 0.17, respectively). For the tibia, we found that the combination of a valgus femur with valgus tibia was associated with an increase in the area of subchondral bone denuded of cartilage in the central lateral tibial subregion (η 2 p = 0.2). For the femur, we found that the combination of a valgus femur with valgus tibia was associated with loss of cartilage thickness in the central weightbearing lateral femorotibial compartment (η 2 p = 0.15). CONCLUSION We found that certain alignment patterns are associated with rapid deterioration of cartilage and exposure of subchondral bone, even over short time periods. In particular, the valgus femur with valgus tibia and valgus femur with varus tibia phenotypes deserve special attention, because they exhibited a strong, atypical correlation with the internal medial tibial subregion and anterior lateral tibial subregion, respectively. This is important because valgus and varus malalignment cause isolated lateral and medial compartment disease, respectively. Therefore, these findings suggest that a more individualized approach for limb axis deformities is valuable, and hint at a more meticulous radiologic and clinical investigation, perhaps using different imaging modalities, especially when assessing the exact cartilage state and planning an intervention. Future studies, ideally biomechanical, might help in assessing the long-term effects of the various phenotypes on cartilage degradation and their relevance in reconstructive surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, prognostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Khury
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moritz Oltmanns
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Theresa Unseld
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Reichel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Chelli S, Rudyy T, Avram GM, Huegli RW, Amsler F, Hirschmann MT. Gender-based differences exist in the functional knee phenotypes classification of the osteoarthritic knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024. [PMID: 38415864 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify gender differences in (1) the coronal alignment of functional knee phenotypes and (2) the JLCA (joint line convergence angle) in relation to the phenotype classification. METHODS This study is a retrospective data analysis, including 12,099 osteoarthritic knee computed tomography (5025 male, 7074 female) analysed by Medacta software for hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), femoral mechanical angle (FMA), tibial mechanical angle (TMA) and JLCA. The data were grouped into genders and combined according to the Functional Knee Phenotypes Classification. RESULTS Out of 127 phenotypes for males and 131 for females, 17 common phenotypes were reported. The commonest four were similar for both genders with VARHKA177° NEUFMA93° NEUTMA87° (9.8% males, 9.50% females), followed by VARHKA174° NEUFMA93°VARTMA84° (7.1%) and VARHKA174°VARFMA90° NEUTMA87° (7.0%) for males and VARHKA174° NEUFMA93° NEUTMA87° (6.1%), VARHKA174° NEUFMA93°VARTMA84° (5.1%) for females. The commonest FMA and TMA (91.5° to 94.5° and 85.5° to 88.5°, respectively) were the same for both genders, however, the rest of the male population observed greater femoral varus than the female population (p < 0.001). JLCA values ranged from -28.4° to 8.2° in the overall study population. Males and females had a mean JLCA of -2.96° (±2.6° SD) and -2.66° (±2.8°7 SD), respectively, p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences exist within the osteoarthritic knee phenotype. The male varus phenotype is influenced by FMA, while TMA values are similar across genders. JLCA variations show similarities to both TMA and FMA, suggesting JLCA is influenced by bone morphology more than by gender. These differences inform surgical decision-making for the personalised approach to the primary TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chelli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Taras Rudyy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - George Mihai Avram
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Rolf W Huegli
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael T Hirschmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Group Michael T. Hirschmann, Regenerative Medicine & Biomechanics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Mancino F, Rossi SMP, Sangaletti R, Caredda M, Terragnoli F, Benazzo F. Increased accuracy in component positioning using an image-less robotic arm system in primary total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2024; 144:393-404. [PMID: 37755480 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-05062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) and navigated total knee arthroplasty (NTKA) have shown improved knee alignment and reduced radiographic outliers. Recent studies have proven that conventional mechanical alignment may not be the optimal goal for every patient. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the planned implant positioning of a novel image-less robotic technique with an established navigated technique (NTKA). METHOD The study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data that compared the implant positioning and lower-limb alignment of 86 image-less RTKA with 86 image-less NTKA. Radiographic analysis was performed to evaluate the lower-limb overall alignment, femoral and tibial components positioning in the coronal and sagittal planes. Outliers were evaluated with a cutoff of ± 3°. RESULTS No difference was noted between the two groups for radiographic outliers within ± 3° from neutral (p = 0.098). The mean hip-knee-ankle angle deviation from target was 1.3° in the RTKA group compared to 1.9° in the NTKA (p < 0.001). Femoral sagittal deviation (femoral component flexion) was smaller in the RTKA group (0.9° vs 1.9°; p < 0.001). Similarly, tibial coronal deviation (0.8° vs 1.5°; p < 0.001) and tibial sagittal deviation (tibial slope) were smaller in the RTKA group compared to the NTKA group (0.9° vs 1.7°; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The RTKA group reported a substantial and significant reduced error from the planned target angles for both tibial and femoral components. No difference in terms of radiographic outliers was noted between navigation and robotic assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mancino
- Sezione di Chirurgia Protesica ad Indirizzo Robotico, Unità di Traumatologia dello Sport, U.O. Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Fondazione Poliambulanza Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia (ORFWA), Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stefano Marco Paolo Rossi
- Sezione di Chirurgia Protesica ad Indirizzo Robotico, Unità di Traumatologia dello Sport, U.O. Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Fondazione Poliambulanza Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rudy Sangaletti
- Sezione di Chirurgia Protesica ad Indirizzo Robotico, Unità di Traumatologia dello Sport, U.O. Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Fondazione Poliambulanza Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Caredda
- Sezione di Chirurgia Protesica ad Indirizzo Robotico, Unità di Traumatologia dello Sport, U.O. Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Fondazione Poliambulanza Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Terragnoli
- U.O. Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Fondazione Poliambulanza Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Benazzo
- Sezione di Chirurgia Protesica ad Indirizzo Robotico, Unità di Traumatologia dello Sport, U.O. Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Fondazione Poliambulanza Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
- IUSS Istituto Universitario Di Studi Superiori, Pavia, Italy
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Roche M, Law TY. Correction of Coronal Deformity and Intercompartmental Imbalance through Bone Resection. J Knee Surg 2024; 37:104-113. [PMID: 37852287 DOI: 10.1055/a-2194-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the correction of coronal deformity and intercompartmental imbalance through bone resection in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To achieve functional knee balance, coronal, rotational, and sagittal alignment are critical to successful patient outcomes. Though variations in coronal alignment are debated as a correlate to positive results, advancements in utilizing implant position, alignment, and soft tissue balance to improve patient outcomes and function are an evolving discussion. This study draws upon existing literature, clinical studies, and surgical techniques related to TKA, including advancements in navigation and robotics. The study highlights the importance of individualized alignment strategies for varus and valgus knees. While mechanical neutral alignment has shown excellent long-term data, reevaluating the anatomic recreation of the patient's joint line obliquity is now being studied extensively. Sensor data and navigation systems contribute to improved outcomes and patient satisfaction. The evolution of navigation and robotics has led surgeons to achieve their target angles consistently and accurately; now, the discussion is around the most effective alignment targets. The classification of various phenotypes assists in the proposed starting points for implant position, but soft tissue tension is required in the input data to achieve global balance and stable motion. Each approach's advantages and limitations are considered. In conclusion, achieving optimal coronal alignment, joint line obliquity, and soft tissue balance is crucial for successful TKA outcomes. Personalized alignment philosophies, supported by three-dimensional data and sensor technology, are evolving to minimize critical errors and enhance functional results. Robotic assistance and future advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning hold promise for further improving TKA outcomes in the quest for soft tissue stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Roche
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, West Palm Beach, Florida
| | - Tsun Yee Law
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, West Palm Beach, Florida
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Ogawa H, Nakamura Y, Akiyama H. Restricted kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty with an anatomically designed implant can restore constitutional coronal lower limb alignment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:47-53. [PMID: 38226728 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Restricted kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (rKA-TKA) may not restore the constitutional varus alignment in most patients with knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to investigate (1) the extent to which constitutional lower limb alignment can be restored by rKA-TKA using an anatomically designed implant and (2) which lower limb alignment parameters are associated with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHODS This study included 60 patients who underwent rKA-TKA using an anatomically designed implant. Radiographic alignment parameters, including mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), coronal hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), coronal joint line obliquity (JLO), posterior tibial slope (PTS), single-leg standing knee flexion angle (KFA), sagittal JLO, and arithmetic HKA (aHKA), were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was used for clinical evaluation. RESULTS The mLDFA, MPTA, and aHKA showed no significant differences before and after surgery. Coronal HKA and PTS have significantly changed from 8.1 ± 8.7° and 9.9 ± 8.6° preoperatively to 3.5 ± 3.1° and 2.5 ± 2.0° postoperatively, respectively (p < 0.001 for each comparison). The postoperative WOMAC total score was significantly correlated with the KFA (r = 0.4063, p = 0.0034) and sagittal JLO (r = -0.3435, p = 0.0157). Postoperative KFA is a causal factor for the increased postoperative WOMAC total score (r = 1.416, 95% confidence interval: 0.491-2.342, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION rKA-TKA using an anatomically designed implant can restore constitutional coronal lower limb alignment, while postoperative KFA and sagittal JLO were associated with poor PROMs. Care should be taken for the postoperative KFA because it is a risk factor for poor PROMs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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11
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Kafelov M, Batailler C, Shatrov J, Al-Jufaili J, Farhat J, Servien E, Lustig S. Functional positioning principles for image-based robotic-assisted TKA achieved a higher Forgotten Joint Score at 1 year compared to conventional TKA with restricted kinematic alignment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:5591-5602. [PMID: 37851026 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few comparative studies assessed the current concept of individualised alignment for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and their outcomes at mid-term. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes at 1 year of primary TKA performed with a functional positioning technique based on an image-based robotic-assisted system, compared to conventional TKA performed with a restricted kinematic alignment technique. METHODS This retrospective comparative study included 100 primary TKAs performed with functional positioning principles using an image-based robotic-assisted system. A control group included 100 primary TKAs with the same posterior-stabilised implant as the robotic group but performed with manual instrumentation and restricted kinematic alignment technique. In the robotic group, the mean age was 69.2 years old ± 7.9; the mean body mass index was 29.7 kg/m2 ± 4.6. The demographic characteristics were similar between both groups. Kujala score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Knee Society Score (KSS) knee and KSS function were collected 12 months postoperatively. Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using the Student t test. For non-normally distributed continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney test was used. RESULTS FJS was significantly higher in the robotic group (76.3 ± 13 vs. 68.6 ± 16.9 in the conventional group; p = 0.026). At a 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in the KSS knee and KSS function scores and the Kujala score between both groups. The mean KSS knee score was 90.8 ± 11.4 in the robotic group versus 89.4 ± 9.6 in the conventional group (p = 0.082). The mean KSS function score was 91.4 ± 12.3 versus 91.3 ± 12.6, respectively (p = 0.778). CONCLUSION Functional positioning principles using an image-based robotic-assisted system achieved a higher Forgotten Joint Score 1 year after TKA compared to restricted kinematic alignment. Personalised alignment and implant positioning are interesting paths to improve the functional outcomes after TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Kafelov
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de La Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622, Lyon, France
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment and Emergency Medicine 'N. I. Pirogov', Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de La Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France.
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Jobe Shatrov
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de La Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute, University of Notre Dame Australia, Hornsby and Ku-Ring Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jihad Al-Jufaili
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de La Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Jawhara Farhat
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de La Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Elvire Servien
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de La Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
- LIBM-EA 7424, Interuniversity Laboratory of Biology of Mobility, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Lustig
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de La Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622, Lyon, France
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12
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Mabrouk A, An JS, Glauco L, Jacque C, Kley K, Sharma A, Ollivier M. The joint line convergence angle (JLCA) correlates with intra-articular arthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:5673-5680. [PMID: 37884727 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knees with unicompartmental varus osteoarthritis (OA) usually display a combination of tibiofemoral bony deformity and increased joint line convergence angle (JLCA). The JLCA is a product of intra-articular deformity and lateral soft tissue laxity. This study aims to define the correlation between the JLCA and progression of OA. METHODS A retrospective radiological analysis of 501 patients, who underwent either high tibial osteotomy (HTO) or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), was performed. The preoperative OA grade was reported based on the Ahlbäck and the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL). The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and the joint line convergence angle (JLCA) were recorded. The primary outcome was the relationship between the JLCA values and the OA grade. The secondary outcomes were comparing the JLCA and other alignment parameter values between HTO and UKA groups. RESULTS A total of 501 (59.3% females n = 297) cases were included, comprising 293 cases of HTO and 208 cases of UKA. Patients had a mean age of 57.63 ± 8.97 years, a mean BMI of 28.37 ± 7.39 kg/m2. Patients with Ahlbäck grade 2 represented 49.3% of all patients (n = 247) and patients with KL grade 3 represented 54.7% of all patients (n = 274). A high JLCA was observed in both groups. The reported mean JLCA in the UKA group was 3.69 ± 2.1°, and in the HTO group was 2.93 ± 1.82. There was a significant association between the increase in the JLCA and the progression of OA based on both the Ahlbäck and KL grades (both p values < 0.001). The mean JLCA in patients with Ahlbäck grades 1 and 4 was 1.48 ± 1.32°, and 7 ± 0.93°, respectively. The mean JLCA in patients with KL grades 1 and 4 was 1.77 ± 1.42°, and 4.89 ± 1.73°, respectively. The mean recorded preoperative HKA angle in the UKA group was 175.06 ± 3.08°, and in the HTO group was 173.26 ± 3.02°, whereas the mean MPTA was 88.63 ± 1.72° for the UKA group and 89.31 ± 2.29° for the HTO group. CONCLUSION The JLCA progressively increases with osteoarthritis progression in patients with unicompartmental varus knee osteoarthritis. The JLCA can potentially be used as a grading parameter for osteoarthritis progression akin to Ahlbäck and Kellgren-Lawrence grading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mabrouk
- Mid Yorkshire Teaching Hospitals, Yorkshire, UK
- Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, APHM, Marseille, ISM, France
| | - Jae-Sung An
- Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, APHM, Marseille, ISM, France
| | - Loddo Glauco
- Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, APHM, Marseille, ISM, France
| | - Christophe Jacque
- Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, APHM, Marseille, ISM, France
| | | | | | - Matthieu Ollivier
- Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, APHM, Marseille, ISM, France.
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Karasavvidis T, Pagan Moldenhauer CA, Lustig S, Vigdorchik JM, Hirschmann MT. Definitions and consequences of current alignment techniques and phenotypes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) - there is no winner yet. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:120. [PMID: 37991599 PMCID: PMC10665290 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been extensively documented and it was attributed to numerous factors. In recent years, significant focus has been directed towards implant alignment and stability as potential causes and solutions to this issue. Surgeons are now exploring a more personalized approach to TKA, recognizing the importance of thoroughly understanding each individual patient's anatomy and functional morphology. A more comprehensive preoperative analysis of alignment and knee morphology is essential to address the unresolved questions in knee arthroplasty effectively. The crucial task of determining the most appropriate alignment strategy for each patient arises, given the substantial variability in bone resection resulting from the interplay of phenotype and the alignment strategy chosen. This review aims to comprehensively present the definitions of different alignment techniques in all planes and discuss the consequences dependent on knee phenotypes.Level of evidence V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Karasavvidis
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Cale A Pagan Moldenhauer
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sébastien Lustig
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, 69004, France
| | - Jonathan M Vigdorchik
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Michael T Hirschmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, CH-4101, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Group Michael T. Hirschmann, Regenerative Medicine & Biomechanics, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4001, Switzerland
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Rühling M, Kirschbaum SM, Perka C, Graef F. Increased ankle pain after total knee arthroplasty is associated with a preoperative lateralized gait and talar tilt, but not with ankle laxity or the range of motion of the subtalar joint. Bone Joint J 2023; 105-B:1159-1167. [PMID: 37907076 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.105b11.bjj-2023-0419.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may provoke ankle symptoms. The aim of this study was to validate the impact of the preoperative mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA), the talar tilt (TT) on ankle symptoms after TKA, and assess changes in the range of motion (ROM) of the subtalar joint, foot posture, and ankle laxity. Methods Patients who underwent TKA from September 2020 to September 2021 were prospectively included. Inclusion criteria were primary end-stage osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence stage IV) of the knee. Exclusion criteria were missed follow-up visit, post-traumatic pathologies of the foot, and neurological disorders. Radiological angles measured included the mTFA, hindfoot alignment view angle, and TT. The Foot Function Index (FFI) score was assessed. Gait analyses were conducted to measure mediolateral changes of the gait line and ankle laxity was tested using an ankle arthrometer. All parameters were acquired one week pre- and three months postoperatively. Results A total of 69 patients (varus n = 45; valgus n = 24) underwent TKA and completed the postoperative follow-up visit. Of these, 16 patients (23.2%) reported the onset or progression of ankle symptoms. Varus patients with increased ankle symptoms after TKA had a significantly higher pre- and postoperative TT. Valgus patients with ankle symptoms after TKA showed a pathologically lateralized gait line which could not be corrected through TKA. Patients who reported increased ankle pain neither had a decreased ROM of the subtalar joint nor increased ankle laxity following TKA. The preoperative mTFA did not correlate with the postoperative FFI (r = 0.037; p = 0.759). Conclusion Approximately one-quarter of the patients developed ankle pain after TKA. If patients complain about ankle symptoms after TKA, standing radiographs of the ankle and a gait analysis could help in detecting a malaligned TT or a pathological gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rühling
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Perka
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Graef
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Capella M, Sabatini L, Bosco F, Barberis L, Giustra F, Risitano S, Camazzola D, Massè A. A novel geometrical planning method to restore knee joint obliquity in double-level osteotomies. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:6685-6693. [PMID: 37505270 PMCID: PMC10541832 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Precise preoperative planning is mandatory when a double-level osteotomy (DLO) is required to correct a severe knee deformity. Literature does not report a validated planning method regarding DLO that could be performed directly on digital radiographs using simple measurement tools. This study aims to validate a novel DLO planning method called New Mikulicz-Joint Line (NM-JL) based on essential measurement tools, in which the correction angles are induced by the predicted post-operative joint line obliquity (JLO). METHODS Twenty-three patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled. NM-JL planning method was performed using basic measurement tools to detect corrective angles and gaps. The correction was then simulated using a Virtual Segmentation Software method to obtain the osteotomy fragments. Both planning procedures were performed independently and later repeated by two orthopaedic surgeons to assess the inter and intra-observer reliability. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) regarding corrective angles and gaps showed a significant positive correlation between the values determined using the two procedures by both raters (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the measured results of the two planning methods. (p < 0.05). Finally, the Bland-Altman analysis showed an excellent agreement (p < 0.05) for all measurements performed. CONCLUSIONS The NM-JL method showed high values of intra and inter-rater reliability. The procedure is built up starting from the predicted value of post-operative joint line obliquity, allowing to maintain this parameter fixed. Other advantages include the quickness, adaptability, and possibility to be performed on any Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) viewer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Capella
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Sabatini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Bosco
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Luca Barberis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Fortunato Giustra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Risitano
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Camazzola
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massè
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Turin, CTO, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Huber S, Mitterer JA, Vallant SM, Simon S, Hanak-Hammerl F, Schwarz GM, Klasan A, Hofstaetter JG. Gender-specific distribution of knee morphology according to CPAK and functional phenotype classification: analysis of 8739 osteoarthritic knees prior to total knee arthroplasty using artificial intelligence. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:4220-4230. [PMID: 37286901 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoarthritis of the knee is commonly associated with malalignment of the lower limb. Recent classifications, as the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) and Functional Phenotype classification, describe the bony knee morphology in addition to the overall limb alignment. Data on distribution of these classifications is not sufficient in large populations. The aim of this study was to analyse the preoperative knee morphology with regard to the aforementioned classifications in long leg radiographs prior to total knee arthroplasty surgery using Artificial Intelligence. METHODS The cohort comprised 8739 preoperative long leg radiographs of 7456 patients of all total knee arthroplasty surgeries between 2009 and 2021 from our institutional database. The automated measurements were performed with the validated Artificial Intelligence software LAMA (ImageBiopsy Lab, Vienna) and included standardized axes and angles [hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femur angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibia angle (mMPTA), mechanical axis deviation (MAD), anatomic mechanic axis deviation (AMA) and joint line convergence angle (JLCA)]. CPAK and functional phenotype classifications were performed and all measurements were analysed for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) within these subgroups. RESULTS Varus alignment was more common in men (m: 2008, 68.5%; f: 2953, 50.8%) while neutral (m: 578, 19.7%; f: 1357, 23.4%) and valgus (m: 345, 11.8%; f: 1498, 25.8%) alignment was more common in women. The most common morphotypes according to CPAK classification were CPAK Type I (2454; 28.1%), Type II (2383; 27.3%), and Type III (1830; 20.9%). An apex proximal joint line (CPAK Type VII, VIII and IX) was only found in 1.3% of all cases (n = 121). In men, CPAK Type I (1136; 38.8%) and CPAK Type II (799; 27.3%) were the most common types and women were spread more equally between CPAK Type I (1318; 22.7%), Type II (1584; 27.3%) and Type III (1494; 25.7%) (p < 0.001). The most common combination of femur and tibia types was NEUmLDFA0°,NEUmMPTA0° (m: 514, 17.5%; f: 1004, 17.3%), but men showed femoral varus more often. Patients with a higher BMI showed a significantly lower age at surgery (R2 = 0.09, p < 0.001). There were significant differences between men and women for all radiographic parameters (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Distribution in knee morphology with gender-specific differences highlights the wide range in osteoarthritic knees, characterized by CPAK and phenotype classification and may influence future surgical planning. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Huber
- Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University Vienna Speising, Währinger Straße 13, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennyfer A Mitterer
- Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sascha M Vallant
- Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Simon
- Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria
- 2nd Department, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Hanak-Hammerl
- Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilbert M Schwarz
- Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University Vienna Speising, Währinger Straße 13, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Klasan
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, AUVA Trauma Hospital Graz, Göstinger Straße 26, 8020, Graz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Jochen G Hofstaetter
- Michael Ogon Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria.
- 2nd Department, Orthopedic Hospital Vienna Speising, Speisinger Straße 109, 1130, Vienna, Austria.
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Cretu B, Costache M, Cursaru A, Serban B, Spiridonica R, Popa M, Cirstoiu C, Iordache S. Restoring Anatomical Features in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. Cureus 2023; 15:e40616. [PMID: 37342300 PMCID: PMC10278159 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the number of people affected by gonarthrosis symptoms is increasing proportionally. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful intervention that aims to reduce pain and restore knee function. However, studies have shown that active young patients still have limitations in performing activities such as skiing, golfing, surfing, and dancing. Over the last few years, total knee arthroplasty has undergone significant changes. Most of the modern TKA implants are designed to reproduce the normal biomechanics of the knee joint, mimicking the physiological pattern with greater compliance in the medial compartment between the tibial insert and femoral condyle and less congruence on the lateral side. Unfortunately, functional outcomes are compromised in approximately half of TKA patients. This loss may be caused by the abnormal kinematics and inherent instability of many contemporary implants. The proper alignment of the femoral component during TKA is a crucial step that influences postoperative results. The position of the femoral component in the axial plane is responsible for flexion stability, knee joint kinematics, flexion alignment, and patellar tracking. The main goal when choosing a type of prosthesis is to achieve an adequate recovery that leads to an improvement in mobility and an increase in the efficiency of the quadriceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Cretu
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Mihai Costache
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Adrian Cursaru
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Bogdan Serban
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Razvan Spiridonica
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Mihnea Popa
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Catalin Cirstoiu
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Sergiu Iordache
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
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An artificial intelligence based on a convolutional neural network allows a precise analysis of the alignment of the lower limb. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:511-518. [PMID: 36418444 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to develop a numeric tool to automate the analysis of deformity from lower limb telemetry and assess its accuracy. Our hypothesis was that artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm would be able to determine mechanical and anatomical angles to within 1°. METHODS After institutional review board approval, 1175 anonymized patient telemetries were extracted from a database of more than ten thousand telemetries. From this selection, 31 packs of telemetries were composed and sent to 11 orthopaedic surgeons for analysis. Each surgeon had to identify on the telemetries fourteen landmarks allowing determination of the following four angles: hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and joint line convergence angle (JLCA). An algorithm based on a machine learning process was trained on our database to automatically determine angles. The reliability of the algorithm was evaluated by calculating the difference of determination precision between the surgeons and the algorithm. RESULTS The analysis time for obtaining 28 points and 8 angles per image was 48 ± 12 s for the algorithm. The average difference between the angles measured by the surgeons and the algorithm was around 1.9° for all the angles of interest: 1.3° for HKA, 1.6° for MPTA, 2.1° for LDFA, and 2.4° for JLCA. Intraclass correlation was greater than 95% for all angles. CONCLUSION The algorithm showed high accuracy for automated angle measurement, allowing the estimation of limb frontal alignment to the nearest degree.
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Functional Alignment Philosophy in Total Knee Arthroplasty-Rationale and Technique for the Valgus Morphotype Using an Image Based Robotic Platform and Individualized Planning. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020212. [PMID: 36836446 PMCID: PMC9961945 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional alignment (FA) is a novel philosophy to deliver a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that respects individual bony and soft tissue phenotypes within defined limitations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale and technique of FA in the valgus morphotype with the use of an image-based robotic-platform. For the valgus phenotype the principles are personalized pre-operative planning, reconstitution of native coronal alignment without residual varus or valgus of more than 3°, restoration of dynamic sagittal alignment within 5° of neutral, implant sizing to match anatomy, and achievement of defined soft tissue laxity in extension and flexion through implant manipulation within the defined boundaries. An individualized plan is created from pre-operative imaging. Next, a reproducible and quantifiable assessment of soft tissue laxity is performed in extension and flexion. Implant positioning is then manipulated in all three planes if necessary to achieve target gap measurements and a final limb position within a defined coronal and sagittal range. FA is a novel TKA technique that aims to restore constitutional bony alignment and balance the laxity of the soft tissues by placing and sizing implants in a manner that respects variations in individual anatomy and soft tissues within defined limits.
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20
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Brunner J, Jörgens M, Weigert M, Kümpel H, Degen N, Fuermetz J. Significant changes in lower limb alignment due to flexion and rotation-a systematic 3D simulation of radiographic measurements. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:1483-1490. [PMID: 36595052 PMCID: PMC10050026 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many radiographic lower limb alignment measurements are dependent on patients' position, which makes a standardised image acquisition of long-leg radiographs (LLRs) essential for valid measurements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of rotation and flexion of the lower limb on common radiological alignment parameters using three-dimensional (3D) simulation. METHODS Joint angles and alignment parameters of 3D lower limb bone models (n = 60), generated from computed tomography (CT) scans, were assessed and projected into the coronal plane to mimic radiographic imaging. Bone models were subsequently rotated around the longitudinal mechanical axis up to 15° inward/outward and additionally flexed along the femoral intercondylar axis up to 30°. This resulted in 28 combinations of rotation and flexion for each leg. The results were statistically analysed on a descriptive level and using a linear mixed effects model. RESULTS A total of 1680 simulations were performed. Mechanical axis deviation (MAD) revealed a medial deviation with increasing internal rotation and a lateral deviation with increasing external rotation. This effect increased significantly (p < 0.05) with combined flexion up to 30° flexion (- 25.4 mm to 25.2 mm). With the knee extended, the mean deviation of hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) was small over all rotational steps but increased toward more varus/valgus when combined with flexion (8.4° to - 8.5°). Rotation alone changed the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) in opposite directions, and the effects increased significantly (p < 0.05) when flexion was present. CONCLUSIONS Axial rotation and flexion of the 3D lower limb has a huge impact on the projected two-dimensional alignment measurements in the coronal plane. The observed effects were small for isolated rotation or flexion, but became pronounced and clinically relevant when there was a combination of both. This must be considered when evaluating X-ray images. Extension deficits of the knee make LLR prone to error and this calls into question direct postoperative alignment controls. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III (retrospective cohort study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Brunner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jörgens
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Hannah Kümpel
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Degen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Fuermetz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany
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21
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Hörlesberger N, Zinggl C, Smolle MA, Leitner L, Lohberger B, Leithner A, Sadoghi P. Mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty with the extension-first technique does not equally restore neutral knee alignment in all preoperative knee phenotypes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 31:1405-1411. [PMID: 36087129 PMCID: PMC10049937 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the change in the long leg axis according to the preoperative knee phenotype using the mechanically aligned extension-first technique in total knee arthroplasty. The hypothesis of this study was that the knee phenotype would have an impact on the postoperative leg axis. METHODS This was a retrospective comparative study comprising 224 whole-leg radiographs of 112 patients. The leg axes of the pre- and postoperative radiographs were measured and categorized into three preoperative limb phenotypes (based on the hip-knee-ankle angle [HKA]) according to Hirschmann et al. (varus-HKA < 178.5°, neutral-HKA 178.5°-181.5°, and valgus-HKA > 181.5°). Additionally, femoral phenotypes (based on the femoral mechanical angle [FMA], i.e., the mechanical medial distal femoral angle [mMDFA], as well as the tibial phenotypes [based on the tibial mechanical angle, i.e., the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA)] was calculated. The change in the long leg axis was analyzed and compared with the preoperative limb phenotype. RESULTS Significantly more patients with preoperative varus alignment shifted to neutral alignment (46.3%, n = 31) than did patients with preoperative valgus alignment (38.9%; n = 14). Moreover, 43.3% of patients (n = 29) with the varus phenotype remained in a varus alignment, compared with the 58.3% of patients with preoperative valgus phenotype (n = 21) remaining in valgus alignment. These findings were similar for both females (p < 0.001) and males (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Using an extension-first mechanically aligned surgical technique, varus phenotypes predominantly result in neutral leg axes or remain varus, neutral phenotypes remain neutral, and valgus phenotypes remain valgus or change to neutral phenotypes. This study showed that preoperative knee phenotypes in valgus knees influence this technique more strongly than estimated in previous investigations, which is in line with modern alignment philosophies for TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hörlesberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Carina Zinggl
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Anna Smolle
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lukas Leitner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Sadoghi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
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22
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Ogawa H, Nakamura Y, Sengoku M, Shimokawa T, Sohmiya K, Ohnishi K, Matsumoto K, Akiyama H. Medial proximal tibial angle at the posterior tibial plateau represents the pre-arthritic constitutional medial proximal tibial angle in anterior cruciate ligament-intact, advanced osteoarthritis of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:2941-2947. [PMID: 35088097 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA), it is necessary to infer the pre-arthritic constitutional medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) in advanced osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee with bone loss. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MPTA at the posterior tibial plateau represents the pre-arthritic constitutional MPTA in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-intact, advanced OA knees. It was hypothesized that MPTA at the posterior tibial plateau represents the pre-arthritic constitutional MPTA of ACL-intact, advanced knee OA. METHODS One hundred varus, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-intact, advanced OA knees were analysed. The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle and MPTA were assessed on computed radiography (CR) and MPTAs at the anterior, middle, and posterior part of the tibial plateau were assessed on computed tomography (CT) images. The association between these parameters was also analysed. RESULTS CR images showed an HKA angle of 172.4 ± 4.1° and MPTA of 84.3 ± 2.5°. CT images showed different MPTAs in the three regions, ranging from 83.9 ± 2.4° to 85.9 ± 2.8°. The middle MPTA was the lowest at 83.9 ± 2.4°. HKA angle correlated with the middle MPTA (r = 0.3355, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1489-0.4991, p = 0.0006) and ΔMPTA (Middle-Posterior) (r = 0.5128, 95% CI 0.3518-0.6443, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The MPTA at the posterior tibial plateau represents the pre-arthritic constitutional MPTA in ACL-intact, advanced OA knees. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ogaki Tokushukai Hospital, Hayashi-machi 6-85-1, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-0015, Japan. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ogaki Tokushukai Hospital, Hayashi-machi 6-85-1, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-0015, Japan
| | - Masaya Sengoku
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ogaki Tokushukai Hospital, Hayashi-machi 6-85-1, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-0015, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ogaki Tokushukai Hospital, Hayashi-machi 6-85-1, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-0015, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sohmiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ogaki Tokushukai Hospital, Hayashi-machi 6-85-1, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-0015, Japan
| | - Kazuichiro Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ogaki Tokushukai Hospital, Hayashi-machi 6-85-1, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-0015, Japan
| | - Kazu Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Rivière C, Villet L, Bouchard Roby G. Anatomical versus mechanical joint reconstruction: time to pick your surgical philosophy! Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:2890-2894. [PMID: 35639105 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Rivière
- Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Clinique de Sport Bordeaux-Mérignac, 04 Rue Georges Nègrevergne, 33700, Mérignac, France. .,Bordeaux Arthroplasty Research Institute, 06 Rue Georges Nègrevergne, 33700, Mérignac, France. .,The Lister Hospital, Chelsea Bridge Rd, London, SW1W 8RH, UK.
| | - Loïc Villet
- Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Clinique de Sport Bordeaux-Mérignac, 04 Rue Georges Nègrevergne, 33700, Mérignac, France.,Bordeaux Arthroplasty Research Institute, 06 Rue Georges Nègrevergne, 33700, Mérignac, France
| | - Gabriel Bouchard Roby
- Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Clinique de Sport Bordeaux-Mérignac, 04 Rue Georges Nègrevergne, 33700, Mérignac, France.,Bordeaux Arthroplasty Research Institute, 06 Rue Georges Nègrevergne, 33700, Mérignac, France
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A single type of varus knee does not exist: morphotyping and gap analysis in varus OA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:2600-2608. [PMID: 34414473 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve a higher level of satisfaction in patients having undergone Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), a more personalized approach has been discussed recently. It can be assumed that a more profound knowledge of bony morphology and ligamentous situation would be beneficial. While CT/MRI can give 3D information on bone morphology, the understanding of the ligamentous situation in different flexion angles is still incomplete. In this study, the dynamic gap widths of a large number of varus knees were assessed in various flexion angles, to find out whether all varus knees behave similar or have more individual soft tissue patterns. Additionally, it was investigated whether the amount of varus deformity or other patient factors have an effect on joint gap widths. METHODS A series of 1000 consecutive TKA patients, including their CAS data and patient records were analyzed. Joint gap widths in multiple flexion angles (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°) were measured in mm and differences between the joint gaps were compared. A "standard" varus knee was defined as follows: (1) Lateral extension gap greater than medial, (2) lateral flexion gap greater than medial, and (3) flexion gap greater than extension gap. The percentage of fulfillment was tested for each and all criteria. To measure the influence of varus deformity on gap width difference, three subgroups were formed based on the deformity. Data were analyzed at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° flexion. The effect of patient factors (gender, BMI, age) on gap sizes was tested by performing subgroup analyses. RESULTS Only 444 of 680 (65%) patients met all three varus knee criteria. The lateral extension gap (4.1 mm) was significantly larger than the medial extension gap (0.6 mm) in 657 (97%) patients and the gap difference highly correlated with the amount of varus deformity (r2 = 0.62). In all flexion positions, however, no correlation between gap differences and varus deformity existed. Women had significantly larger extension and flexion gaps. Age and BMI showed no significant effect on gap widths. CONCLUSION Varus knees show a large inter-individual variability regarding gap widths and gap differences. The amount of varus deformity correlates highly with the medio-lateral gap difference in extension, but not in any flexion angle. As varus knees are not all alike, a uniform surgical technique will not treat all varus knees adequately and the individual gap sizes need to be analyzed and addressed accordingly with an individualized balancing technique. Which final balancing goal should be achieved needs to be analyzed in future studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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25
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León-Muñoz VJ, López-López M, Santonja-Medina F. Patient-specific instrumentation makes sense in total knee arthroplasty. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:489-497. [PMID: 35903900 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery was initially developed to increase accuracy. The potential PSI benefits have expanded in the last decade, and other advantages have been published. However, different authors are critical of PSI and argue that the advantages are not such and do not compensate for the extra cost. This article aims to describe the recently published advantages and disadvantages of PSI. AREAS COVERED Narrative description of the latest publications related to PSI in accuracy, clinical and functional outcomes, operative time, efficiency, and other benefits. EXPERT COMMENTARY We have published high accuracy of the system, with a not clinically relevant loss of accuracy, significantly higher precision with PSI than with conventional instruments, and a high percentage of cases in the optimal range and similar to that obtained with computer-assisted navigation, greater imprecision for tibial slope, a significant blood loss reduction, and time consumption, an acceptable and non-significant increase in the cost per procedure and no difference in complications during hospital admission and at 90 days. We think that PSI will not follow the Scott Parabola and that it will continue to be a valuable type of device in some instances of TKA surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente J León-Muñoz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology. Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía. Murcia (Spain)
| | - Mirian López-López
- Subdirección General de Tecnologías de la Información. Servicio Murciano de Salud. Murcia (Spain)
| | - Fernando Santonja-Medina
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia (Spain).,Department of Surgery, Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia. Murcia (Spain)
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26
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Lv SJ, Wang XJ, Huang JF, Mao Q, He BJ, Tong PJ. Total knee arthroplasty in Ranawat II valgus deformity with enlarged femoral valgus cut angle: A new technique to achieve balanced gap. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6406-6416. [PMID: 35979319 PMCID: PMC9294892 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i19.6406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 10% of patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have valgus deformity (VD) of the knee. For severe VD of the knee, a more lateral structural release is needed to achieve balance between medial and lateral space and neutral femorotibial mechanical axis (FTMA), which is challenging and technical.
AIM To introduce a new surgical technique of resection, soft tissue release, and FTMA for Ranawat type-II VD with a 5-year follow-up.
METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent TKA from December 2011 to December 2014. Hip-knee-ankle (HKA), range of motion (ROM), Oxford knee score (OKS), and knee society score (KSS) were used to assess the joint activity of patients in the new theory TKA group (NT-TKA) and were compared with those of the conventional TKA group (C-TKA).
RESULTS A total of 103 people (103 knees) were included in this study, including 42 patients with an average follow-up period of 83 mo in the C-TKA group and 61 patients with an average follow-up period of 76 mo in the NT-TKA group. Six patients had constrained prosthesis, one had common peroneal nerve injury, and two had joint instability in the C-TKA group, but none of these occurred in the NT-TKA group. There were significant statistical differences in constrained prosthesis usage and complications between the groups (P = 0.002 and P = 0.034, respectively). The KSS at 1 mo post-operation for the C-TKA and NT-TKA groups were 11.2 ± 3.8 and 13.3 ± 2.9, respectively, with a significant difference (P = 0.007). However, the data of HKA, ROM, OKS KSS, and prosthesis survival rate were insignificant (P > 0.05) in both the preoperative and follow-up periods.
CONCLUSION Adopting 5°-7° valgus cut angle for VD and sacrificing 2° neutral FTMA for severe VD which cannot be completely corrected during TKA can reduce the need for soft tissue release, maintain early joint stability, reduce the use of constrained prostheses, and minimize postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Jie Lv
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie-Feng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bang-Jian He
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pei-Jian Tong
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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Shatrov J, Battelier C, Sappey-Marinier E, Gunst S, Servien E, Lustig S. Functional Alignment Philosophy in Total Knee Arthroplasty – Rationale and technique for the varus morphotype using a CT based robotic platform and individualized planning. SICOT J 2022; 8:11. [PMID: 35363136 PMCID: PMC8973302 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2022010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alignment techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continue to evolve. Functional alignment (FA) is a novel technique that utilizes robotic tools to deliver TKA with the aim of respecting individual anatomical variations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale and technique of FA in the varus morphotype with the use of a robotic platform. Rationale: FA reproduces constitutional knee anatomy within quantifiable target ranges. The principles are founded on a comprehensive assessment and understanding of individual anatomical variations with the aim of delivering personalized TKA. The principles are functional pre-operative planning, reconstitution of native coronal alignment, restoration of dynamic sagittal alignment within 5° of neutral, maintenance of joint-line-obliquity and height, implant sizing to match anatomy and a joint that is balanced in flexion and extension through manipulation of implant positioning rather than soft tissue releases. Technique: An individualized plan is created from pre-operative imaging. Next, a reproducible and quantifiable method of soft tissue laxity assessment is performed in extension and flexion that accounts for individual variation in soft tissue laxity. A dynamic virtual 3D model of the joint and implant position that can be manipulated in all three planes is modified to achieve target gap measurements while maintaining the joint line phenotype and a final limb position within a defined coronal and sagittal range. Conclusion: Functional alignment is a novel knee arthroplasty technique that aims to restore constitutional bony alignment and balance the laxity of the soft tissues by placing and sizing implants in a manner that it respects the variations in individual anatomy. This paper presents the approach for the varus morphotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobe Shatrov
- Department of Orthopaedics, Croix Rousse Hospital, University of Lyon 1 69004 Lyon France
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute Chatswood 2065 Australia
| | - Cécile Battelier
- Department of Orthopaedics, Croix Rousse Hospital, University of Lyon 1 69004 Lyon France
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406 69622 Lyon France
| | - Elliot Sappey-Marinier
- Department of Orthopaedics, Croix Rousse Hospital, University of Lyon 1 69004 Lyon France
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406 69622 Lyon France
| | - Stanislas Gunst
- Department of Orthopaedics, Croix Rousse Hospital, University of Lyon 1 69004 Lyon France
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406 69622 Lyon France
| | - Elvire Servien
- Department of Orthopaedics, Croix Rousse Hospital, University of Lyon 1 69004 Lyon France
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406 69622 Lyon France
| | - Sebastien Lustig
- Department of Orthopaedics, Croix Rousse Hospital, University of Lyon 1 69004 Lyon France
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406 69622 Lyon France
- Corresponding author:
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28
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Shin KH, Jang KM, Han SB. Residual varus alignment can reduce joint awareness, restore joint parallelism, and preserve the soft tissue envelope during total knee arthroplasty for varus osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:507-516. [PMID: 32743784 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives were to compare the coronal joint configuration of the knee joints, coronal gap imbalances requiring substantial medial release, and patient-reported outcomes, including the forgotten joint score, between knees in which residual varus alignment was intentionally allowed according to an individualised lower limb analysis and those with mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty for varus osteoarthritis. METHODS Consecutive primary navigated total knee arthroplasty procedures for varus osteoarthritis were retrospectively reviewed. The study cohort was stratified based on whether residual varus alignment was intentionally allowed. Propensity-score matching was performed based on the baseline characteristics, including demographic characteristics, preoperative radiological measurements, and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (mechanical alignment group vs residual varus group). The patient-reported outcomes and coronal joint line orientation of the knee (relative to the ground) and ankle were evaluated. Coronal gap differences and coronal gap imbalances were analysed using intraoperative gap measurements. RESULTS Relative to the ground and ankle, the postoperative knee joint line orientation slanted down laterally in the mechanical alignment group (- 3.05˚ ± 1.62, relative to the ground; - 2.65˚ ± 1.56, relative to the ankle joint), but was parallel in the residual varus group (- 0.75˚ ± 1.59, relative to the ground; - 0.95˚ ± 1.71, relative to the ankle joint). Coronal gap differences at extension and the proportion of coronal gap imbalances requiring substantial medial release were 1.27 ± 1.53 and 6% in the residual varus group and 2.32 ± 1.24 and 15% in the mechanical alignment group. Postoperatively, the residual varus group showed higher Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index scores and total forgotten joint scores than the mechanical alignment group (6.97 ± 4.75 vs. 10.31 ± 5.74 and 56.42 ± 12.85 vs. 45.69 ± 14.49, respectively). CONCLUSION Intentionally allowed residual varus alignment with individualised analysis of lower limb alignment restored the parallel joint line of the knees, preserved the soft tissue envelope, and reduced joint awareness after total knee arthroplasty for varus osteoarthritis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, Level III retrospective case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun-Ho Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ki-Mo Jang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seung-Beom Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Patients with varus knee osteoarthritis undergoing high tibial osteotomy exhibit more femoral varus but similar tibial morphology compared to non-arthritic varus knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:680-687. [PMID: 33423093 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare alignment parameters between patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and non-arthritic controls. METHODS Pre-operative computed tomography images from 194 patients undergoing HTO for medial knee OA and 118 non-arthritic controls were utilized. All patients had varus knee alignment (mean age: 57 ± 11 years; 45% female). The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and non-weight-bearing joint line convergence angle (nwJLCA) were compared between "control group" and "HTO group". Femoral and tibial phenotypes were also assessed and compared between groups. Variables found on univariate analysis to be different between the groups were entered into a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS The mean age was lower (Δ = 4 ± 6 years, p = 0.024), body mass index (BMI) was higher (Δ = 1.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2, p = 0.032) and there were more females (Δ = 14%, p = 0.020) in the HTO group. The HTO group had more overall varus (7° ± 4.7° vs 4.8° ± 1.3°, p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the mean mLDFA between the two groups with the HTO group having more femoral varus (88.7 ± 3.2° vs 87.3 ± 1.8°, p < 0.001). MPTA was similar between the groups (p = 0.881). Age was found to be a strong determinant for femoral varus (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Patients undergoing HTO for medial knee OA have more femoral varus compared to non-arthritic controls while tibial morphology was similar. This will be an important consideration in pre-operating planning for realignment osteotomy in patients presenting with medial knee OA and warrants further investigation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, retrospective comparative study.
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Murgier J, Clatworthy M. Variable rotation of the femur does not affect outcome with patient specific alignment navigated balanced TKA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:517-526. [PMID: 32783080 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excessive internal and external rotation of the femoral component has been associated with poor outcome with a measured-resection neutral mechanical alignment TKA. This technique assumes that every tibia is in 3° of varus so the femoral component is placed in 3° of external rotation relative to the posterior condylar axis to enable a balanced flexion gap. This is not the case as there is wide variability in the bony anatomy and soft tissue envelope of the knee so flexion imbalance may occur. A patient-specific alignment navigated balanced TKA technique was performed whereby the tibia is cut anatomically up to 3° of varus, then a ligament tensor is used to determine the optimal femoral component position for a balanced TKA. This results in variable femoral rotation. The hypothesis is that matching the femoral component rotation to the patient's anatomic tibial cut and soft tissue envelope will not affect clinical outcome METHODS: In a single surgeon series 287 consecutive varus aligned TKA's were performed using this technique with an Attune cruciate retaining fixed bearing TKA with an anatomic patella resurfacing. The angle between the posterior femoral cuts and the posterior condylar axis was collected using Brainlab software. Functional scores were collected prospectively preoperatively and at two years. The variable femoral component rotation was correlated with and compared with the functional outcome scores. RESULTS The femoral rotation varied from 7° of internal rotation to 8°of external rotation relative to the posterior condylar axis. The mean rotation was 1.1° of external rotation. There was no significant difference in the Oxford score, WOMAC score, Forgotten Knee Score, KOOS Joint Replacement score or Patient Satisfaction in respect to the variable femoral rotation relative to the posterior condylar axis. CONCLUSION When a more anatomic-balanced TKA technique is used variable femoral rotation will not affect clinical outcome at two years LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II Prospective Cohort Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Murgier
- Orthopaedic Department, Aguiléra Private Clinic, Ramsey Santé, Biarritz, France
| | - Mark Clatworthy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Middlemore Hospital, 100 Hospital Rd, Otahuhu, Auckland, 2025, New Zealand.
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Relevant changes of leg alignment after customised individually made bicompartmental knee arthroplasty due to overstuffing. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:567-573. [PMID: 32915259 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to analyse the change in knee alignment after customised individually made (CIM) bicompartmental knee arthroplasty (BKA) and the subsequent consequences for patellar tracking. METHODS Medical records of 23 patients who received 26 CIM BKA (ConforMIS iDuo G2) at our clinic between November 2015 and July 2018 were reviewed. The objective part of the Knee Society Score (KSS), the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), the tibial mechanical angle (TMA) and femoral mechanical angle (FMA) were recorded preoperative and four months postoperative. Leg alignment was classified as neutral (HKA = 180° ± 3°), varus (HKA < 177°) or valgus (HKA > 183°). Furthermore, patellar tracking was determined on skyline view radiographs and adverse events were recorded. Implant survival rate was determined with the Kaplan-Meier method. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were pain, satisfaction, overall improvement and if the patient would undergo the surgery again. RESULTS The mean KSS improved from 61 points preoperative [standard deviation (SD) 14] to 90 points postoperative (SD 7, p < 0.001). The mean change for HKA was 6.3° (SD 3.5), for TMA 1.5° (SD 1.2) and for FMA 3.8° (SD 2.3). Postoperative leg alignment was neutral in 13 CIM BKA (50%), varus in two (8%) and valgus in 11 (42%) and patella tracking was central in 19 CIM BKA (73%) and lateral in seven (27%), respectively. Adverse events occurred in five CIM BKA: three patients required a patella resurfacing and one patient with bilateral CIM BKA needed a revision to a total knee arthroplasty. Implant survival rate was 92.3% at a follow-up of 3.2 years (SD 0.8). PROMs for CIM BKA without revision surgery were available at a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (SD 0.8). Mean pain with level walking decreased to 0.8 points (SD 1.4, p < 0.001) and mean pain with stairs or inclines to 1.6 points (SD 1.3, p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was very satisfied or satisfied (78%), neutral (17%) or unsatisfied (4%). Overall improvement was much better or considerably better for 91% of all patients; 87% would undergo the surgery again. CONCLUSION A relevant change of the leg axis away from the treated femorotibial compartment due to overstuffing was observed. Although, neutral leg alignment was not restored in every case, clinical and patient-reported outcomes improved significantly. Further studies with long-term clinical and patient-reported outcomes are required to evaluate whether patients with bicompartmental knee osteoarthritis benefit from CIM BKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, case series.
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Tibial joint line orientation has no effect on joint awareness after mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:389-396. [PMID: 34417835 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Joint line orientation (JLO) plays an important role in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but its influence on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine JLO impact as measured by the forgotten joint score (FJS-12). The hypothesis was that restoring the joint line (JL) parallel to the floor would influence joint awareness favorably, i.e., allow the patient to forget about the joint in daily living. METHODS All computer-navigated primary TKAs using a cemented, cruciate-retaining (CR) design implanted between January 2018 and September 2019 were reviewed in this retrospective single-center analysis. Primary endpoints were: clinical [range of motion (ROM)], and patient-reported (FJS-12) and radiographical outcomes [tibia joint line angle (TJLA), hip knee axis (HKA), mechanical medial proximal tibia angle (mMPTA) as well as mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA)]. RESULTS Seventy-six patients (mean age: 70.3 ± 9.7 years, mean BMI: 29.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were included. Postoperative ROM averaged 118.7 ± 9.6°. The mean FJS-12 improved from 16.4 ± 15.3 (preoperatively) to 89.4 ± 16.9 (1-year follow-up; p < 0.001). Clinical outcomes and PROs did not correlate with JLO (p = n.s.). Cluster analysis using six measures revealed that a medially opened TJLA was associated with significantly better postoperative FJS-12. CONCLUSION Tibial JLO was found to have no effect on PROs. Considering the JLO in the coronal plane alone probably has questionable clinical relevance. Lower limb alignment should be assessed in all three planes and correlated with the clinical outcome. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Ethnical Differences in Knee Phenotypes Indicate the Need for a More Individualized Approach in Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparison of 80 Asian Knees with 308 Caucasian Knees. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010121. [PMID: 35055436 PMCID: PMC8779125 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of functional knee phenotypes in a non-osteoarthritic Asian population. The Stryker Orthopaedic Modeling and Analytics (SOMA) database was searched for CT scans of the lower limb meeting the following inclusion criteria: patient age at time of image >18 and <46 years, no signs of fractures and/or previous surgery and/or degenerative changes, Asian ethnicity. A total of 80 CT scans of 40 patients were included (24 males, 16 females). The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), femoral mechanical angle (FMA) and tibial mechanical angle (TMA) were measured. Based on these measurements, each limb was phenotyped according to the previously introduced functional knee phenotype concept. All angles and phenotypes of the present study were compared with previously published data of a non-osteoarthritic Caucasian population (308 legs of 160 patients, 102 males, 58 females). Asian knees had a significantly lower TMA (both genders p < 0.001) but a higher FMA (males p < 0.05, females p < 0.001) than Caucasian knees but showed no difference in the HKA. Asian knees differed significantly with regard to femoral and tibial phenotypes (p < 0.01), but not with regard to limb phenotypes. The high variability of all coronal alignment parameters highlights the importance of a detailed analysis prior to TKA. Ethnical differences underline the need for a more individualized approach in TKA.
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Bonnin MP, Beckers L, Leon A, Chauveau J, Müller JH, Tibesku CO, Aït-Si-Selmi T. Custom total knee arthroplasty facilitates restoration of constitutional coronal alignment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:464-475. [PMID: 32681286 PMCID: PMC8866384 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a strategy for coronal alignment using a computed tomography (CT) based custom total knee arthroplasty (TKA) system, and to evaluate the agreement between the planned and postoperative Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angle, Femoral Mechanical Angle (FMA) and Tibial Mechanical Angle (TMA). METHODS From a consecutive series of 918 primary TKAs, 266 (29%) knees received CT-based posterior-stabilized cemented custom TKA. In addition to a preoperative CT-scan, pre- and post-operative radiographs of weight-bearing long leg, anterior-posterior and lateral views of the knee were obtained, on which the FMA, TMA and HKA angles were measured. CT-based three-dimensional (3D) models enabled to correct for cases with bony wear by referring to the non-worn areas and to estimate the native pre-arthritic angles. The alignment technique aimed to preserve or restore constitutional alignment (CA) within predetermined limits, by defining a 'target zone' based on three criteria: 1) a ± 3° (range 87°-93°) primary tolerance for the femoral and tibial resections; 2) a ± 2° secondary tolerance for component obliquity, extending the bounds for FMA and TMA (range 85°-95°); 3) a planned HKA angle range of 175°-183°. Agreement between preoperative, planned and postoperative measurements of FMA, TMA and HKA angle were calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS Preoperative radiograph and CT-scan measurements revealed that, respectively, 73 (28%) and 103 (40%) knees were in the 'target zone', whereas postoperative radiographs revealed that 217 (84%) TKAs were in the 'target zone'. Deviation from the planned angles were - 0.5° ± 1.8° for FMA, - 0.5° ± 1.8° for TMA, and - 1.1° ± 2.1° for HKA angle. Finally, the agreement between the planned and achieved targets, indicated by ICC, were good for FMA (0.701), fair for TMA (0.462) and fair for HKA angle (0.472). CONCLUSION Using this strategy for coronal alignment, 84% of custom TKAs were within the 'target zone' for FMA, TMA and HKA angles. These findings support the concepts of emerging personalized medicine technologies, and emphasise the importance of accurate strategies for preoperative planning, which are key to achieving satisfactory 'personalised alignment' that can further be improved by customisation of implant components. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel P. Bonnin
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Ramsay Santé, Lyon, France
| | - Lucas Beckers
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Ramsay Santé, Lyon, France
| | - Augustin Leon
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Ramsay Santé, Lyon, France
| | - Jules Chauveau
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Ramsay Santé, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Tarik Aït-Si-Selmi
- Centre Orthopédique Santy, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Ramsay Santé, Lyon, France
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Laforest G, Kostretzis L, Kiss MO, Vendittoli PA. Restricted kinematic alignment leads to uncompromised osseointegration of cementless total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:705-712. [PMID: 33452903 PMCID: PMC8866348 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While kinematic alignment (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with cemented implants has been shown to provide equivalent or better results than mechanical alignment, its combination with cementless fixation has not yet been documented. The purpose of this study is to report (1) revision rate and causes, (2) clinical results based on patient report outcome measures (PROMs), and (3) radiological signs of implant dysfunction in patients with an uncemented TKA implanted with restricted KA (rKA), after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. METHODS This study included the first 100 consecutive uncemented cruciate retaining TKAs implanted between November 2015 and February 2018 by a single surgeon following rKA principles. At last follow-up, all adverse events and PROMs assessed by WOMAC, KOOS, and FJS scores were documented. Radiographic evaluation was performed to identify signs of implant loosening. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 49 months (32, 60), no implant revision was performed for aseptic loosening. Three revisions were performed: one for malalignment, one for a deep infection, and one for instability. The mean WOMAC score was 20.1 (0-79, 21.3), the mean KOOS score was 71.5 (19.0-96.6, 19.8), and the mean FJS score was 65.9 (0-100, 29.6). No radiological evidence of implant aseptic loosening or osteolysis was identified. CONCLUSION This study shows that in 99% of our cases, rKA combined with the tested cementless TKA implant allowed for adequate secondary fixation and good functional outcomes in the short term. Favourable mid- to long-term implant survivorship is anticipated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Laforest
- grid.414216.40000 0001 0742 1666Surgery Department, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, 5415 Boul l’Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Lazaros Kostretzis
- grid.414216.40000 0001 0742 1666Surgery Department, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, 5415 Boul l’Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Kiss
- grid.414216.40000 0001 0742 1666Surgery Department, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, 5415 Boul l’Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4 Canada ,Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, QC Canada
| | - Pascal-André Vendittoli
- Surgery Department, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, 5415 Boul l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada. .,Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, QC, Canada. .,Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Montreal, Canada.
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Graef F, Hommel H, Falk R, Tsitsilonis S, Zahn RK, Perka C. Correction of severe valgus osteoarthritis by total knee arthroplasty is associated with increased postoperative ankle symptoms. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:527-535. [PMID: 32839848 PMCID: PMC8866357 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the mid-term clinical outcome of the ankle joint after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in high-grade valgus osteoarthritis. METHODS In this case-control study, n = 36 patients with a preoperative mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA) ≥ 15° who underwent TKA between December 2002 and December 2012 were included. The control group (mTFA < 15°) of n = 60 patients was created using case matching. Radiological [mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA) and ankle joint orientation to the ground (G-AJLO)] and clinical parameters [Foot Function Index (FFI), Knee Society Score, Forgotten Joint Score, and Range of Motion (ROM)] were analysed. The mean follow-up time was 59 months (IQR [56, 62]). RESULTS The degree of correcting the mTFA by TKA significantly correlated with the postoperative FFI (R = 0.95, p < 0.05), although the knee and ankle joint lines were corrected to neutral orientations. A cut-off value of 16.5° [AUC 0.912 (0.85-0.975 95% CI), sensitivity = 0.8, specificity = 0.895] was calculated, above which the odds ratio (OR) for developing ankle symptoms increased vastly [OR 34.0 (9.10-127.02 95% CI)]. ROM restrictions of the subtalar joint displayed a strong significant correlation with the FFI (R = 0.74, p < 0.05), demonstrating that decreased ROM of the subtalar joint was associated with aggravated outcomes of the ankle joint. CONCLUSIONS In this study, higher degrees of leg axis correction in TKA were associated with increased postoperative ankle symptoms. When TKA is performed in excessive valgus knee osteoarthritis, surgeons should be aware that this might trigger the onset or progression of ankle symptoms, particularly in cases of a stiff subtalar joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Graef
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hagen Hommel
- Department of Orthopedics, Märkisch-Oderland Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Wriezen, Germany
| | - Roman Falk
- Department of Orthopedics, Märkisch-Oderland Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Wriezen, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Karl Zahn
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Ranade AS, Oka GA, Ardawatia G, Goyal N. Lower Limb Alignment in Indian Children: A Radiographic Analysis of Coronal Plane Parameters. Indian J Orthop 2021; 56:639-645. [PMID: 35342532 PMCID: PMC8921369 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Indian children are known to have variations in the tibiofemoral angle as compared to children of other ethnicities. There is no study describing radiographic angles in coronal plane in Indian children. Our aim was to evaluate coronal plane alignment in Indian children. METHODS Database of radiographs between January 2011 and December 2019 was searched. Full-length standing radiographs of patients younger than 16 years with unilateral congenital or post-traumatic or post-infective deformity were included. The radiographs were measured for mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), tibiofemoral angle (TFA), hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, lateral distal tibial angle, mechanical axis deviation (MAD), and mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle. RESULTS Analysis of 221 lower limbs of 177 children is presented. There were 103 (58.2%) boys and 74 (41.8%) girls. Mean age was 8 years, 6 months (range: 2 years, 1 month to 15 years, 11 months). The mean mLDFA remained constant between 87° and 88° after the age of 5 years. The mean MPTA remained around 88° after 8 years of age. The mean MAD remained within 4 mm of the midpoint of the knee after the age of 8 years. The adult value of TFA was achieved after 8 years of age. The mLDFA, MPTA, and mLPFA are significant predictors of change in the TFA. CONCLUSION The development of tibiofemoral angle in Indian children is slightly different than children of other ethnicities. We recommend using age-specific values for Indian children younger than 8 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish S. Ranade
- Blooming Buds Centre for Pediatric Orthopaedics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Erandwane, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Gauri A. Oka
- Central Research and Publication Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, 411043 India
| | - Gaurav Ardawatia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Erandwane, Pune, 411004 India
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sant Parmanand Hospital and Delhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics, New Delhi, 110054 India
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Osteotomy around the knee is planned toward an anatomical bone correction in less than half of patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2021; 107:102897. [PMID: 33753267 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In cases where the femur or tibial deformity is not correctly analysed, the corrective osteotomies may result in an oblique joint line. The aim of this study was to assess the preoperative deformity of patients due to undergo corrective osteotomy and the resulting abnormal tibial and femoral morphologies after the planned correction using 3D software. METHODS CT scans of 327 patients undergoing corrective osteotomy were retrospectively included. Each patient was planned using a software application and the simulated correction was validated by the surgeon. Following the virtual osteotomy, tibial and femoral coronal angular values were considered abnormal if the values were outside 97.5% confidence intervals for non-osteoarthritis knees. After virtual osteotomy, morphological abnormalities were split into two types. Type 1 was an under/overcorrection at the site of the osteotomy resulting in abnormal bone morphology. A type 2 was defined as an error in the site of the correction, resulting in an uncorrected abnormal bone morphology. RESULTS The global rate of planned abnormalities after tibial virtual osteotomy was 50.7% (166/327) with abnormalities type 1 in 44% and type 2 in 6.7%. After femoral virtual osteotomy the global rate was 6.7% (22/327) with only abnormalities type 1. A lower preoperative HKA was significantly associated with a non-anatomical correction (R2=0.12, p<0.001) for both femoral (R2=0.06, p<0.001) and tibial (R2=0.07, p<0.001) abnormalities. CONCLUSION Non-anatomical correction was found in more than half the cases analysed more frequently for preoperative global varus alignment. These results suggest that surgeons should considered anatomical angular values to avoid joint line obliquity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III; retrospective cohort study.
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Lustig S, Sappey-Marinier E, Fary C, Servien E, Parratte S, Batailler C. Personalized alignment in total knee arthroplasty: current concepts. SICOT J 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 33812467 PMCID: PMC8019550 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a post-operative neutral alignment was the gold standard. This principle has been contested as functional outcomes were found to be inconsistent. Analysis of limb alignment in the non-osteoarthritic population reveals variations from neutral alignment and consideration of a personalized or patient-specific alignment in TKA is challenging previous concepts. The aim of this review was to clarify the variations of current personalized alignments and to report their results. Current personalized approaches of alignment reported are: kinematic, inverse kinematic, restricted kinematic, and functional. The principle of “kinematic alignment” is knee resurfacing with restitution of pre-arthritic anatomy. The aim is to resurface the femur maintaining the native femoral joint line obliquity. The flexion and extension gaps are balanced with the tibial resection. The principle of the “inverse kinematic alignment” is to resurface the tibia with similar medial and lateral bone resections in order to keep the native tibial joint line obliquity. Gap balancing is performed by adjusting the femoral resections. To avoid reproducing extreme anatomical alignments there is “restricted kinematic alignment” which is a compromise between mechanical alignment and true kinematic alignment with a defined safe zone of alignment. Finally, there is the concept of “functional alignment” which is an evolution of kinematic alignment as enabling technology has progressed. This is obtained by manipulating alignment, bone resections, soft tissue releases, and/or implant positioning with a robotic-assisted system to optimize TKA function for a patient’s specific alignment, bone morphology, and soft tissue envelope. The aim of personalizing alignment is to restore native knee kinematics and improve functional outcomes after TKA. A long-term follow-up remains crucial to assess both outcomes and implant survivorship of these current concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lustig
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France - Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Elliot Sappey-Marinier
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Camdon Fary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health, 3002 Melbourne, Australia - Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, 3002 St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Elvire Servien
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France - LIBM - EA 7424, Interuniversity Laboratory of Biology of Mobility, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Parratte
- International Knee and Joint Centre, 46705 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates - Institute for Locomotion, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Orthopaedics Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France - Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622 Lyon, France
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Micicoi G, Jacquet C, Sharma A, LiArno S, Faizan A, Kley K, Parratte S, Ollivier M. Neutral alignment resulting from tibial vara and opposite femoral valgus is the main morphologic pattern in healthy middle-aged patients: an exploration of a 3D-CT database. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:849-858. [PMID: 32372282 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the goal of achieving optimal correction and alignment after knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy, literature focusing on the inter-individual variability of the native knee, tibia and femur with regards to the coronal or sagittal alignment is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyse normal angular values in the healthy middle-aged population and determine differences of angular values according to inter-individual features. The first hypothesis was that common morphological patterns may be identified in the healthy middle-aged non-osteoarthritic population. The second hypothesis was that high inter-individual variability exists with regards to gender, ethnicity and alignment phenotype. METHODS A CT scan-based modelling and analysis system was used to examine the lower limb of 758 normal healthy patients (390 men, 368 women; mean age 58.5 ± 16.4 years) with available data concerning angular values and retrieved from the SOMA database. The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), posterior distal femoral angle (PDFA), posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA) and non weight-bearing joint line convergence angle (nwJLCA) were then measured for each patient. Results were analysed for the entire cohort and based on gender, ethnicity and phenotype. RESULTS The mean HKA was 179.4° ± 2.6°, LDFA: 85.8° ± 2.0°, MPTA: 85.6° ± 2.4°, PDFA: 85.2° ± 1.5°, PPTA: 83.8° ± 2.9° and nwJLCA: 1.09° ± 0.9°. Gender was associated with higher LDFA and lower HKA for men. Ethnicity was associated with greater proximal tibial vara and distal femoral valgus for Asian patients. Patients with an overall global varus alignment had more tibia vara and less femoral valgus than patients with an overall valgus alignment. CONCLUSION Even if significant differences were found based on subgroup analysis (gender, ethnicity or phenotype), this study demonstrated that neutral alignment is the main morphological pattern in the healthy middle-aged population. This neutrality is the result from tibia vara compensated by an ipsilateral femoral valgus. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Micicoi
- iULS-University Institute for Locomotion and Sports, Pasteur 2 Hospital, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St. Marguerite Hospital, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St. Marguerite Hospital, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274, Marseille, France
| | - Akash Sharma
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St. Marguerite Hospital, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Kristian Kley
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France.,The London clinic, 20 Devonshire Pl, Marylebone, London, W1G 6BW, UK
| | - Sébastien Parratte
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St. Marguerite Hospital, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274, Marseille, France.,Adult Reconstructive Surgery, International Knee and Joint Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthieu Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France. .,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Movement and Locomotion, St. Marguerite Hospital, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29, 13274, Marseille, France.
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Grammens J, Van Haver A, Danckaers F, Booth B, Sijbers J, Verdonk P. Small medial femoral condyle morphotype is associated with medial compartment degeneration and distinct morphological characteristics: a comparative pilot study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:1777-1789. [PMID: 32797248 PMCID: PMC8126545 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early-onset degeneration of the knee is linked to genetics, overload, injury, and potentially, knee morphology. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of the small medial femoral condyle, as a distinct knee morphotype, by means of a landmark-based three-dimensional (3D) analysis and statistical parametric mapping. METHODS Sixteen knees with a small medial femoral condyle (SMC) were selected from a database of patients with distinct knee joint anatomy and 16 gender-matched knees were selected from a control group database. 3D models were generated from the medical imaging. After normalization for size, a set of pre-defined landmark-based parameters was analysed for the femur and tibia. Local shape differences were evaluated by matching all bone surfaces onto each other and comparing the distances to the mean control group bone shape. RESULTS The small medial condyle group showed a significant association with medial compartment degeneration and had a 4% and 13% smaller medial condyle anteroposteriorly and mediolaterally, whereas the distal femur was 3% wider mediolaterally. The lateral condyle was 2% smaller anteroposteriorly and 8% wider mediolaterally. The complete tibial plateau was 3% smaller mediolaterally and the medial tibial plateau was 6% smaller. CONCLUSION A new knee morphotype demonstrated an increased risk for medial compartment degeneration and was differentiated from a healthy control group based on the following morphological characteristics: a smaller medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau, a wider lateral femoral condyle and a wider distal femur on a smaller tibial plateau. This pilot study suggests a role for the SMC knee morphotype in the multifactorial process of medial compartment degeneration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Grammens
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium. .,imec-VisionLab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Annemieke Van Haver
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium ,MoRe Institute, Stevenslei 20, 2100 Deurne, Belgium
| | - Femke Danckaers
- imec-VisionLab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Brian Booth
- imec-VisionLab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan Sijbers
- imec-VisionLab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Verdonk
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium ,Antwerp Orthopaedic Centre Monica Hospitals, Stevenslei 20, 2100 Deurne, Belgium
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Feucht MJ, Winkler PW, Mehl J, Bode G, Forkel P, Imhoff AB, Lutz PM. Isolated high tibial osteotomy is appropriate in less than two-thirds of varus knees if excessive overcorrection of the medial proximal tibial angle should be avoided. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:3299-3309. [PMID: 32691093 PMCID: PMC8458209 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a detailed deformity analysis of patients with varus alignment and to define the ideal osteotomy level (tibial vs. femoral vs. double level) to avoid an oblique joint line. METHODS A total of 303 digital full-leg standing radiographs of patients aged 18-60 years and varus alignment [mechanical tibiofemoral varus angle (mFTA) ≥ 3°] were included. All legs were analyzed regarding mFTA, mechanical medial proximal tibia angle (mMPTA), mechanical lateral distal femur angle (mLDFA), and joint line convergence angle. Based on mFTA, varus alignment was categorized as "mild" (3°-5°), "moderate" (6°-8°), or "severe" (≥ 9°). Deformity location was determined according to the malalignment test described by Paley. Two osteotomy simulations were performed with different upper limits for mMPTA: anatomic correction (mMPTA ≤ 90°, mLDFA ≥ 85°) and overcorrection (mMPTA ≤ 95°, mLDFA ≥ 85°). If a single osteotomy exceeded these limits at the intended mFTA of 2° valgus, a double-level osteotomy was simulated. If even a double-level osteotomy resulted in deviations from the defined limits, the leg was categorized as "uncorrectable". RESULTS Mean mFTA was 6° ± 11° of varus (range 3°-15°). A tibial deformity was observed in 28%, a femoral deformity in 23%, a combined tibial and femoral deformity in 4%, and no bony deformity in 45%. The prevalence of a tibial deformity did not differ between varus severity groups, whereas a femoral and bifocal deformity was significantly more prevalent in knees with more distinct varus (p < 0.001). Osteotomy simulation revealed that isolated high tibial osteotomy (HTO) was appropriate in only 12% for anatomic correction, whereas a double-level osteotomy was necessary in 63%. If overcorrection of mMPTA was tolerated, the number of HTOs significantly increased to 57% (p < 0.001), whereas the number of double-level osteotomies significantly decreased to 33% (p < 0.001). Isolated DFO was considered ideal in 8% for both simulations. Significantly more knees were considered "uncorrectable" by simulating anatomic correction (18 vs. 2%; p < 0.001). A double-level osteotomy was significantly more often necessary in knees with "severe" varus (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Less than one-third of patients (28%) with mechanical varus ≥ 3° have a tibial deformity. If anatomic correction (mMPTA ≤ 90°) is intended, only 12% of patients can be corrected via isolated HTO, whereas 63% of patients require a double-level osteotomy. If slight overcorrection is accepted (mMPTA ≤ 95°), 57% of patients can be corrected via isolated HTO, whereas 33% of patients would still require a double-level osteotomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J. Feucht
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany ,grid.5963.9Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp W. Winkler
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Mehl
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerrit Bode
- grid.5963.9Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Forkel
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Imhoff
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia M. Lutz
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department for Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Graef F, Falk R, Tsitsilonis S, Perka C, Zahn RK, Hommel H. Correction of excessive intraarticular varus deformities in total knee arthroplasty is associated with deteriorated postoperative ankle function. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:3758-3765. [PMID: 31776626 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to demonstrate, whether the degree of limb alignment correction in varus knee osteoarthritis correlated with an increase in ankle symptoms and to define a cut-off value concerning the degree of correction above which to expect ankle problems. METHODS Ninety-nine consecutive patients with preoperative intraarticular varus knee deformities who underwent total knee arthroplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were examined clinically (Knee Society Score, Forgotten Joint Score, Foot Function Index, Range of Motion of the knee and ankle joint, pain scales) as well as radiologically. The mean follow-up time was 57 months. RESULTS The degree of operative limb alignment correction strongly correlated with the Foot Function Index (R = 0.91, p < 0.05). Given this, higher degrees of knee malalignment corrections were associated with worse postoperative outcomes in the knee and ankle joint-despite postoperative improved joint line orientations. Subsequently, a cut-off value for arthritic varus deformities (14.5°) could be calculated, above which the prevalence of ankle symptoms increased manifold [OR = 15.6 (3.2-77.2 95% CI p < 0.05)]. Furthermore, ROM restrictions in the subtalar joint were associated with a worse outcome in the ankle joint. CONCLUSIONS When correcting excessive intraarticular varus knee osteoarthritis, surgeons have to be aware of possible postoperative ankle symptoms and should consider ankle deformities or decreased subtalar ROM before operative procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Graef
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.
| | - R Falk
- Department of Orthopaedics, Märkisch-Oderland Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Wriezen, Germany
| | - S Tsitsilonis
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - R K Zahn
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Hommel
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics, Märkisch-Oderland Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Wriezen, Germany
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Nedopil AJ, Howell SM, Hull ML. Deviations in femoral joint lines using calipered kinematically aligned TKA from virtually planned joint lines are small and do not affect clinical outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:3118-3127. [PMID: 31768572 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA TKA) strives to restore the native distal and posterior joint lines of the femur. Because the joint lines of a virtually planned femoral component on the native femur can serve as surrogates of those of the native femur, the present study determined position and orientation deviations of the femoral joint lines following calipered KA TKA from virtually planned joint lines and whether these alignment deviations affect clinical outcomes. Our hypotheses were that the alignment deviations for most knees would be less than 2 mm and/or 2° and that larger alignment deviations would not be associated with lower clinical outcome scores. METHODS A review of lower extremity CT scanograms and CT scans of the knee identified 36 patients treated with calipered KA TKA in one limb and no other skeletal deformities in either limb. 3D models of the operated femur with the implanted femoral component and the native femur were created. The articular surfaces of a 3D model of the implanted femoral component in the TKA knee were shape-matched to the condyles of the native femur to create a virtual plan. The shape-matched femoral component served as a reference from which to determine alignment deviations of the femoral component implanted in the ipsilateral femur. The Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) were obtained at an average of 20 months. RESULTS For proximal-distal and anterior-posterior positions and varus-valgus and internal-external orientations of the femoral component, the root mean square deviations from the planned joint lines ranged from 1.4 to 1.5 (mm or degrees). The mean differences ranged from - 0.1 to 0.2 (mm or degrees) indicating an absence of systematic alignment deviations. The proportion of knees with joint lines within ± 2 mm and ± 2° of the joint lines of virtually planned knees ranged from 83 to 92%. For the FJS and OKS, the median values were 79 (out of 100) and 45 (out of 48), respectively, and there were no significant correlations between deviations in the positions and orientations and either the FJS or the OKS. CONCLUSION Alignment deviations were bounded by 2 mm and 2° for most knees, which previous biomechanical studies have shown reduce the risks of stiffness, loss of extension, loss of flexion, and tibial compartment forces higher than those of the native knee. Moreover, because median FJS and OKS were relatively high, and because larger alignment deviations did not correlate with lower outcome scores, deviations did not affect clinical outcomes. These results validate calipered KA TKA as a surgical technique which closely restores the distal and posterior femoral joint lines to those planned and achieves concomitant high patient-reported outcome scores. Thus, surgeons can use the calipered KA TKA technique with confidence that the surgical alignment goal will be satisfied with sufficient accuracy that high patient-reported outcomes are achieved. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Nedopil
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen M Howell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maury L Hull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ambulatory Care Center, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Managing intra-articular deformity in high Tibial osteotomy: a narrative review. J Exp Orthop 2020; 7:65. [PMID: 32902758 PMCID: PMC7481321 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-020-00283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The joint line convergence angle (JLCA) has a normal range between 0° to 2°, which increases in magnitude depending on the severity and stage of osteoarthritis in the knee. The JLCA represents the interaction of the intra-articular deformity arising from the osteoarthritis and the surrounding soft tissue laxity. Therefore, the JLCA has become a vital parameter in analysing the long leg alignment views for corrective planning before osteotomy surgery. Recent studies have considered the influence on how the preoperative JLCA is measured and its influence on achieving accurate postoperative desired correction in high tibial osteotomy surgery. The JLCA also reflects the influence of soft tissue laxity in a lower limb malalignment and many surgeons encourage it to be taken into account to avoid non physiological correction and/or overcorrection with negatively impacted postoperative patient outcome. This present review addressed how to obtain an accurate preoperative measurement of the JLCA, its influence on postoperative deformity analysis and how to reduce errors arising from an elevated preoperative JLCA. We have proposed a formula to help determine the value to subtract from the planned correction in order to avoid an overcorrection when performing a corrective osteotomy. Level of clinical evidence IV, narrative review.
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Springer B, Bechler U, Waldstein W, Rueckl K, Boettner CS, Boettner F. The influence of femoral and tibial bony anatomy on valgus OA of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:2998-3006. [PMID: 31595340 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 10% of all patients that require a total knee arthroplasty present with valgus osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Valgus OA goes along with posterolateral bone loss and lateral soft tissue tightness. The role of malalignment on the development of OA is not fully understood. The current study investigates whether the femoral offset (FO), femoral mechanical-anatomical (FMA) angle, anatomical lateral distal femur angle (aLDFA), mechanical lateral distal femur angle (mLDFA), medial proximal femur angle (MPFA), medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA) or lateral distal tibia angle (LDTA) differ in patients with valgus OA of the knee. METHODS FO, FMA angle, aLDFA, mLDFA, MPFA, MPTA and LDTA were assessed and compared between 100 consecutive knees with minimal valgus OA (50 male, 50 female) and 100 consecutive knees with minimal varus OA (50 male, 50 female). RESULTS FO was significantly higher in males with valgus OA (p = 0.002) and females with varus OA (p = 0.01). The observed values for the FMA angle were significantly higher in males with valgus OA (p = 0.002) and females with varus OA (p = 0.041). The aLDFA and mLDFA were significantly smaller in all patients with valgus OA (p < 0.001). No differences between the varus and valgus groups were detected regarding MPFA (males: p = 0.052; females: p = 0.719). Tibial measurements showed significantly higher values for the MPTA (p < 0.001) in both valgus groups and no difference for LDTA (men: p = 0.139; women: p = 0.196). CONCLUSION Bony alterations in the femoral anatomy seem to be more important than in the tibial anatomy. While in male patients with valgus OA, the main anatomic variation is the hypoplasia of the lateral femoral condyle, in females both decreased femoral offset of the hip as well as hypoplasia of the lateral condyle are present. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Springer
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Bechler
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Wenzel Waldstein
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kilian Rueckl
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Cosima S Boettner
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Friedrich Boettner
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Kinematically aligned TKA restores physiological patellofemoral biomechanics in the sagittal plane during a deep knee bend. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:1497-1507. [PMID: 31147726 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although patellofemoral complications after kinematically aligned (KA) TKA are infrequent, the patellar flexion angle and proximal-distal patellar contact location through flexion, and incidence of patellar loss of contact at full extension are unknown. The present study determined whether the patellar flexion angle and proximal-distal patellar contact location of a KA TKA performed with anatomic, fixed-bearing, posterior cruciate-retaining (PCR) components differed from those of the native contralateral knee during a deep knee bend, and determined the incidence of patellar loss of contact at full extension for KA TKA only. METHODS During a deep knee bend from full extension to maximum flexion, both knees were imaged in a lateral view using single-plane fluoroscopy for 25 patients with a calipered KA TKA and a healthy native knee in the contralateral limb. The patellar flexion angle and proximal-distal patellar contact location were measured on images from full extension to maximum flexion in 30° increments. Paired t tests at each flexion angle determined the significance of the difference between the KA TKA knees and the native contralateral knees. In the KA TKA knees, the incidence of patellar loss of contact at full extension was determined. Patient-reported outcome scores also were recorded including the Oxford Knee Score. RESULTS Mean patellar flexion angles were not different between the KA TKA knees and the native contralateral knees throughout the motion arc. The largest statistically significant difference in the mean proximal-distal patellar contact locations was 4 mm. The incidence of patellar loss of contact in the KA TKA knees at full extension was 8% (2 of 25 patients). The median Oxford Knee Score was 46 out of 48. CONCLUSIONS Calipered KA TKA performed with anatomic, fixed-bearing, PCR components restored patellar flexion angles to native and largely restored the proximal-distal patellar contact locations, which at most differed from the native contralateral knee by approximately 10% of the mean proximal-distal patellar length. In the KA TKA knees, the incidence of patellar loss of contact was infrequent. These objective biomechanical results are consistent with the relatively high subjective patient-reported outcome scores herein and support the low incidence of patellofemoral complications following KA TKA previously reported. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, level III.
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High variability of proximal tibial asymmetry and slope: a CT data analysis of 15,807 osteoarthritic knees before TKA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:1105-1112. [PMID: 31570962 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As the correct rotational and sagittal alignment of the tibial tray are of key importance for optimal total knee arthroplasty (TKA) function, the objective of this study was to determine these individual variations in the proximal tibial geometry in terms of posterior tibial slope (PTS) and tibial surface asymmetry by analysing a large dataset of computer tomography (CT) information. METHODS A retrospective two-part review was performed on 15,807 datasets that were generated during the design phase for a customized TKA implant. First, 15807 CAD (computer-aided-design) models derived from CT data were used to conduct the analysis on the variation of the PTS. Second, the axial cut of each proximal tibia in a consecutively selected subset of 2202 datasets was used to measure the tibial asymmetry. RESULTS The majority (65.5%) of tibiae had a posterior slope between 5° and 10°, while 26.5% of knees had a slope > 10°. The asymmetry measured as offset between the lateral and medial posterior boundaries was highly variable, with overall an increasing proportion of patients with high asymmetry with increasing tibial ML width. Only 14% of tibiae exhibited symmetric (< 2 mm offset) lateral and medial plateaus, and 22% had an offset > 5 mm. CONCLUSION This study from an extraordinary large data base reveals that tibial posterior slope and asymmetry of the tibial profile vary largely between patients receiving TKA with increasing tibial asymmetry with ML width. CT scans might help to preoperatively better select the best fitting TKA, otherwise surgeons intraoperatively will often have to deal with compromises regarding fitting, sizing and rotational issues. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective case series, Level IV.
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Blakeney W, Beaulieu Y, Kiss MO, Rivière C, Vendittoli PA. Less gap imbalance with restricted kinematic alignment than with mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty: simulations on 3-D bone models created from CT-scans. Acta Orthop 2019; 90:602-609. [PMID: 31610681 PMCID: PMC6844385 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2019.1675126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Mechanical alignment techniques for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) introduce significant anatomic alteration and secondary ligament imbalances. We propose a restricted kinematic alignment (rKA) protocol to minimize these issues and improve TKA clinical outcomes.Patients and methods - rKA tibial and femoral bone resections were simulated on 1,000 knee CT scans from a database of patients undergoing TKA. rKA was defined by the following criteria: independent tibial and femoral cuts within 5° of the bone neutral mechanical axis, with a resulting HKA within 3° of neutral. Imbalances in the extension space, flexion space at 90°, medial compartment and lateral compartment were calculated and compared with measured resection mechanical alignment (MA) results. 2 MA techniques were simulated for rotation using the surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA) and 3° to the posterior condyles (PC).Results - Extension space imbalances ≥ 3 mm occurred in 33% of TKAs with MA technique versus 8.3% with rKA (p < 0.001). Similarly, more frequent flexion space imbalance ≥ 3mm was created by MA technique (TEA 34% or 3° PC 15%) versus rKA (6.4%, p < 0.001). Using MA with TEA or PC, there were only 49% and 63% of the knees respectively with < 3 mm of imbalance throughout the extension and flexion spaces and medial and lateral compartments versus 92% using rKA (p < 0.001).Interpretation - significantly fewer imbalances are created using rKA versus MA for TKA. rKA may be the best compromise, by helping the surgeon to preserve native knee ligament balance during TKA and avoid residual instability, whilst keeping the lower limb alignment within a safe range.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Blakeney
- Department of Surgery, CIUSSS-de-L’Est-de-L’Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Albany Health Campus, Albany, Australia
| | - Yann Beaulieu
- Department of Surgery, CIUSSS-de-L’Est-de-L’Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Kiss
- Department of Surgery, CIUSSS-de-L’Est-de-L’Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Rivière
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, MSK-Lab—Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pascal-André Vendittoli
- Department of Surgery, CIUSSS-de-L’Est-de-L’Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Hirschmann MT, Becker R, Tandogan R, Vendittoli PA, Howell S. Alignment in TKA: what has been clear is not anymore! Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:2037-2039. [PMID: 31190246 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Hirschmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland (Bruderholz, Liestal, Laufen), 4101, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Becker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, 14770, Brandenburg, Germany
| | | | - Pascal-André Vendittoli
- Department of Surgery, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen Howell
- Professor of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA
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