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Yurteri A, Mercan N, Kilic M, Celik M, Dogar F, Yildirim A. Does vanillic acid affect fracture healing? An experimental study in a rat model of femur fracture. J Appl Biomed 2024; 22:67-73. [PMID: 38912861 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2024.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effects of vanillic acid (VA) on fracture healing radiologically, histologically, immunohistochemically, and biomechanically using a rat femur open fracture injury model. METHODS 32 male Wistar-Albino rats were used and divided into two groups: the study group (VA) and the control group. From the time they were operated on until they were sacrificed, the rats in the study group were given 100 mg/kg/day VA by oral gavage. After sacrification, the femurs were analyzed. RESULTS It was observed that the Huo histological scoring was significantly higher in the VA group (p = 0.001), and the ratio of the amount of callus tissue compared to intact bone tissue was significantly higher. While no significant difference was observed in immunohistochemical H-scores in ColI antibody staining (p = 1.000), a borderline significant difference in favor of VA was observed in ColIII antibody staining (p = 0.078). In biomechanical analysis, failure load (N), total energy (J), maximum stress (MPa), and stiffness (N/mm) measurements were significantly higher in the VA group (p = 0.040, p = 0.021, p = 0.015, and p = 0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION It has been observed that VA, with its antioxidative properties, increases fracture healing in rats, in which an open fracture model was created. We are hopeful that such an antioxidant, which is common in nature, will increase fracture healing. Since this study is the first to examine the effect of VA on fracture healing, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yurteri
- Konya City Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Numan Mercan
- Kahramanmaras Necip Fazil City Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kilic
- Konya City Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Celik
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Dogar
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yildirim
- Konya City Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Konya, Turkey
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Zheng YH, Pan GJ, Quan Y, Zhang HY. Construction of microgravity biological knowledge graph and its applications in anti-osteoporosis drug prediction. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:64-73. [PMID: 38670654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Microgravity in the space environment can potentially have various negative effects on the human body, one of which is bone loss. Given the increasing frequency of human space activities, there is an urgent need to identify effective anti-osteoporosis drugs for the microgravity environment. Traditional microgravity experiments conducted in space suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures, high costs, and small sample sizes. In recent years, the in-silico drug discovery method has emerged as a promising strategy due to the advancements in bioinformatics and computer technology. In this study, we first collected a total of 184,915 literature articles related to microgravity and bone loss. We employed a combination of dependency path extraction and clustering techniques to extract data from the text. Afterwards, we conducted data cleaning and standardization to integrate data from several sources, including The Global Network of Biomedical Relationships (GNBR), Curated Drug-Drug Interactions Database (DDInter), Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals (STITCH), DrugBank, and Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database (TCMID). Through this integration process, we constructed the Microgravity Biology Knowledge Graph (MBKG) consisting of 134,796 biological entities and 3,395,273 triplets. Subsequently, the TransE model was utilized to perform knowledge graph embedding. By calculating the distances between entities in the model space, the model successfully predicted potential drugs for treating osteoporosis and microgravity-induced bone loss. The results indicate that out of the top 10 ranked western medicines, 7 have been approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. Additionally, among the top 10 ranked traditional Chinese medicines, 5 have scientific literature supporting their effectiveness in treating bone loss. Among the top 20 predicted medicines for microgravity-induced bone loss, 15 have been studied in microgravity or simulated microgravity environments, while the remaining 5 are also applicable for treating osteoporosis. This research highlights the potential application of MBKG in the field of space drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guan-Jing Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Meng X, Wang D, Hu Q, Liang S, Wei Q, Kang T, Meng X. Chemical characterisation of essential oil from Sambucus williamsii Hance leaves and its hepatoprotective effects. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38567651 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2327637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study is the first to examine the effect of leaves of Sambucus williamsii Hance essential oil on acute liver injury. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the major constituents of S. williamsii essential oil (SEO)were (S)-falcarinol (62.66%), 17-pentatriacontene (7.78%) and tetrapentacontane (8.64%). Mice were pre-treated with SEO for 6 days followed by inducing liver injury with CCl4. The results indicated that SEO protected the liver against CCl4-induced injuries. Elevated levels of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were significantly reduced on SEO pre-treatment. SEO pre-treatment significantly inhibited the oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling pathways were significantly modulated by SEO in the liver tissue. The findings demonstrate that the essential oil of S. williamsii has enhancing the resistance to CCl4-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Qiushi Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Plant Polysaccharide Research Center, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Plant Polysaccharide Research Center, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingguo Kang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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Shen YW, Cheng YA, Li Y, Li Z, Yang BY, Li X. Sambucus williamsii Hance maintains bone homeostasis in hyperglycemia-induced osteopenia by reversing oxidative stress via cGMP/PKG signal transduction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154607. [PMID: 36610352 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sambucus williamsii Hance (SWH) has effectively been adopted to treat joint and bone disorders. Diabetes-induced osteopenia (DOP) is caused primarily by impaired bone formation as a result of hyperglycemia. We had previously demonstrated that SWH extract accelerated fracture healing and promoted osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. This study assessed the impacts of SWH extract on diabetes-induced bone loss and explored the mechanisms underlying its osteoprotective effects. METHODS This work employed MC3T3-E1 cell line for evaluating how SWH extract affected osteogenesis, oxidative stress (OS), and the underlying mechanism in vitro. Streptozotocin-induced osteopenia mouse model was applied with the purpose of assessing SWH extract's osteoprotection on bone homeostasis in vivo. RESULTS The increased OS of MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to high glucose (HG) was largely because of the upregulation of pro-oxidant genes and the downregulation of antioxidant genes, whereas SWH extract reduced the OS by modulating NADPH oxidase-4 and thioredoxin-related genes by activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production and increasing the level of cGMP-mediated protein kinase G type-2 (PKG2). The oral administration of SWH extract maintained bone homeostasis in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice by enhancing osteogenesis while decreasing OS. In bones from hyperglycemia-induced osteopenia mice and HG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells, the SWH extract achieved the osteoprotective effects through activating the cGMP/PKG2 signaling pathway, upregulating the level of antioxidant genes, as well as downregulating the level of pro-oxidant genes. CONCLUSION SWH extract exerts osteoprotective effects on hyperglycemia-induced osteopenia by reversing OS via cGMP/PKG signal transduction and is a potential therapy for DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Shen
- Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University), Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Northern Medicine Base and Application under Ministry of d Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yang-Ang Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Northern Medicine Base and Application under Ministry of d Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zuo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xue Li
- Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University), Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
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Waswa EN, Li J, Mkala EM, Wanga VO, Mutinda ES, Nanjala C, Odago WO, Katumo DM, Gichua MK, Gituru RW, Hu GW, Wang QF. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115102. [PMID: 35288288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae) consists of about 29 recognized species distributed in all regions of the world except the extremely cold and desert areas. Some species have been used as traditional medicines to treat various disorders such as bone fractures, rheumatism, diabetes, respiratory and pulmonary disorders, skin diseases, inflammatory ailments, diarrhea, and others. However, the currently available data on traditional and pharmacological uses have not been comprehensively reviewed. STUDY AIM The present review is designed to provide information on the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, toxicity, and the known biological properties of Sambucus, to understand their connotations and provide a scientific basis and gaps for further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was obtained from different bibliographic databases, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct along with other literature sources such as dissertation before August 2021. The scientific names were validated using The Plant List and World Flora Online websites. RESULTS Twelve Sambucus species were found to be frequently mentioned in ethnomedical uses recorded in China, Korea, Turkey, Iran, and other countries. Traditionally, they have been used as remedies to numerous health complications among others, bone fractures and rheumatism, diabetes, wounds, inflammatory diseases, diarrhea, menstrual pains, respiratory and pulmonary complaints, skin disorders, headaches, snakebites, and urinary tract infections. To date, only eleven species have been studied for their chemical compounds and a total of 425 bioactive constituents, including phenolic compounds, terpenoids, fatty acids, cyanogenic glycosides, phytosterols, lectins, organic acids, alkaloid, coumarin, anthraquinone, and others have been reported. The crude extracts and the isolated chemical constituents exhibited diverse outstanding pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, analgesic, anti-giardial, immunomodulatory, scolicidal, anti-ulcerogenic, antiradical, bone-protective, anti-glycemic, antiosteoporotic, hypolipidemic, anti-glycation, and wound-healing properties. CONCLUSION This study summarized and scrutinized the data on traditional uses, pharmacological activities, phytochemicals, and toxicity of Sambucus species, which indicate they have interesting chemical compounds with diverse biological activities. Many traditional uses of some species from this genus have now been confirmed by pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, bone-protective, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, the currently available data has several gaps in understanding the traditional uses of all Sambucus species. Thus, we strongly recommend further investigations into the scientific connotations between traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological activities, mode of action of the isolated bioactive constituents, and toxicity of other Sambucus species to unravel their efficacy and therapeutic potential for safe clinical application. The current extensive study avails valuable information on therapeutic use of Sambucus species and paves way for further investigations of other useful species, as well as drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Vincent Okelo Wanga
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Daniel Mutavi Katumo
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Waswa EN, Li J, Mkala EM, Wanga VO, Mutinda ES, Nanjala C, Odago WO, Katumo DM, Gichua MK, Gituru RW, Hu GW, Wang QF. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115102. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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Sukkho T, Khanongnuch C, Lumyong S, Ruangsuriya J, Pattananandecha T, Apichai S, Ogata F, Kawasaki N, Saenjum C. Local Wisdom and Diversity of Medicinal Plants in Cha Miang Forest in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Their Potential for Use as Osteoprotective Products. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1492. [PMID: 35684265 PMCID: PMC9182823 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
"People-Forest-Miang" communities are villages located in the cultivated area of Camellia sinensis var. assamica, or Cha Miang, in northern Thailand. Cha Miang forests are a form of agriculture relying on forest-rich bioresources. This study focuses on a survey of the diversity of medicinal plants used by "People-Forest-Miang" communities in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai, Thailand. The results demonstrated that 73 species of medicinal plants were used to prevent and treat various ailments. The highest number of species (30.14%) was used for musculoskeletal system disorders, followed by digestive system disorders (21.92%) and unspecified medicinal disorders (15.07%). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is the most widely recognized biochemical marker for osteoblast activity. The ALP activity of ethanol and deionized water extracts of the nine selected medicinal plants used for musculoskeletal system disorders were examined in the MG63 cell line. The results showed that the numerous water extracts, including MKP1, MKP2, MKP5, MKP6, MKP7, MKP8, and MKP9, and the ethanolic extracts-namely, MKP2, MKP3, MKP7, and MKP9-significantly increased ALP activity in the MG-63 cell line. The findings indicate that some medicinal plants may be further studied for active chemicals and developed as natural active pharmaceutical ingredients for osteoprotective products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treethip Sukkho
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Chartchai Khanongnuch
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Miang, Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jetsada Ruangsuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Thanawat Pattananandecha
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sutasinee Apichai
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (S.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Fumihiko Ogata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (F.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Naohito Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (F.O.); (N.K.)
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (S.A.)
- Research Center for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Miang, Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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The lignan-rich fraction from Sambucus Williamsii Hance ameliorates dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and modulates gut microbiota composition in ovariectomized rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111372. [PMID: 33761598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopausal women are susceptible to have high risk of cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes and osteoporosis due to the metabolic disorder caused by estrogen deficiency. Accumulating evidence supports that gut microbiota is a key regulator of metabolic diseases. Our previous metabolomics study interestingly demonstrated that the anti-osteoporotic effects of lignan-rich fraction (SWCA) from Sambucus wialliamsii Hance were related to the restoration of a series of lipid and glucose metabolites. This study aims to investigate how SWCA modulates lipid and glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanism. Our results show that oral administration of SWCA (140 mg/kg and 280 mg/kg) for 10 weeks alleviated dyslipidemia, improved liver functions, prevented glucose tolerance and insulin actions, attenuated system inflammation and improved intestinal barrier in OVX rats. It also induced a high abundance of Actinobacteria, and restored microbial composition. We are the first to report the protective effects of the lignan-rich fraction from S. williamsii on dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Our findings provide strong evidence for the application of this lignan-rich fraction to treat menopausal lipid disorder and insulin resistance-related diseases.
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Xiao HH, Lv J, Mok D, Yao XS, Wong MS, Cooper R. NMR Applications for Botanical Mixtures: The Use of HSQC Data to Determine Lignan Content in Sambucus williamsii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1733-1740. [PMID: 31282673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignans found in the botanical extract of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Sambucus williamsii Hance exhibit protective effects on trabecular bone mass and mechanical strength of cortical bone of ovariectomized rats. A novel approach was adapted using HSQC NMR methods to estimate the total amount of these bioactives in a complex mixture. It was determined that lignans possessing the hydroxy- or oxybenzyl carbon signal were bioactive. These compounds were readily identified and assigned in a defined region of the 13C NMR spectrum at 80-90 ppm and calculated as 10-15% of the lignan-rich fraction of S. williamsii. Comparison of the peak heights of the oxybenzyl-substituted carbon resonance signals of the lignans in the botanical extract was made against those of a standard lignan pinoresinol. The application of this simple and reliable NMR method can be used to estimate amounts of related compounds and chemical families in complex mixtures or botanical extracts and offers measurable scientific evidence in quality processes. This is of particular importance for registration requirements of botanical drugs and in complex mixtures of botanical extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) , Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lv
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co. Ltd. 8F , Tower C, Building B-6, No. 66, Xi Xiao Kou Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100192 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) , Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) , Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond Cooper
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
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Wong MS, Poon CCW, Zhou LP, Xiao HH. Natural Products as Potential Bone Therapies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 262:499-518. [PMID: 31792676 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Demands for natural products, in the form of botanicals, dietary supplements, and herbal medicine, for management of chronic diseases are increasing globally. Natural products might be an alternative for the management of bone health to meet the demands of a growing aging population. Different types of natural products, including Chinese herbal medicine decoctions, herbs, and isolated phytochemicals, have been demonstrated to exert bone protective effects. The most common types of bone protective bioactives are flavonoids, stilbene, triterpenoids, coumestans, lignans, and phenolic acid. The actions of natural products can be mediated by acting systemically on the hormonal axis or locally via their direct or indirect effects on osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, as well as adipogenesis. Furthermore, with the use of metabolomic and microbiome approaches to understand the actions of natural products, novel mechanisms that involve gut-brain-bone axis are also revealed. These studies provide evidence to support the use of natural products as bone therapeutics as well as identify new biological targets for novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Christina Chui-Wa Poon
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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11
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Xiao HH, Sham TT, Chan CO, Li MH, Chen X, Wu QC, Mok DKW, Yao XS, Wong MS. A Metabolomics Study on the Bone Protective Effects of a Lignan-Rich Fraction From Sambucus Williamsii Ramulus in Aged Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:932. [PMID: 30186170 PMCID: PMC6110923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lignan-rich fraction (SWR) of Sambucus Williamsii Ramulus, a folk herbal medicine in China for treatment of bone diseases, has previously reported to exert protective effects on bone without exerting uterotrophic effects in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The aim of the present study was to identify the potential metabolites and the associated metabolic pathways that contribute to the beneficial effects of SWR on bone in vivo. Aged female Sprague Dawley rats (9 months old) were either sham-operated or ovariectomized for 12 weeks, before receiving treatment for another 12 weeks with the following treatment groups (n = 12 each): vehicle (Sham), vehicle (OVX), Premarin (130 μg/kg) or low (57 mg/kg), medium (114 mg/kg), and high (228 mg/kg) doses of SWR. The results showed that SWRH significantly suppressed bone loss, improved bone micro-architecture and increased bone strength on tibia without stimulating uterus weight gain in OVX rats. Premarin exerted similar bone protective effects as SWRH but elicited uterotrophic effects in OVX rats. The metabolic profiles of serum samples were analyzed by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography time-of flight mass spectrometry, and the metabolites that were significantly altered were identified by multivariate statistical analysis. Our study indicated that SWRH effectively restored the changes of 26 metabolites induced by estrogen-deficiency in OVX rats, which related to lipids, amino acids, tryptophan metabolisms, and anti-oxidative system. A subsequent validation showed that the serum level of superoxide dismutase and catalase were indeed up-regulated, while the serotonin level in a tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) high expressing cells (rats RBL-2H3 cells) was down regulated after treatment with SWR. The results also suggested that the gut-microbiota may play an important role on the bone protective effects of SWR. The current study provides insight for understanding the unique mechanism of actions of SWR that might be involved in achieving bone protective effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tung-Ting Sham
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-On Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meng-Heng Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Chang Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Lei T, Liang Z, Li F, Tang C, Xie K, Wang P, Dong X, Shan S, Jiang M, Xu Q, Luo E, Shen G. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) attenuate changes in vertebral bone mass, architecture and strength in ovariectomized mice. Bone 2018; 108:10-19. [PMID: 29229438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) has been investigated as a noninvasive alternative method to prevent bone loss for postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP), and the bone tissue involved in these studies are usually long bones such as femur and tibia in OP patients or rat models. However, few studies have investigated the effects of PEMF on the vertebral bone in mice with OP. This study aimed to investigate whether PEMF preserve lumbar vertebral bone mass, microarchitecture and strength in ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model of OP and its associated mechanisms. Thirty 3-month-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=10): sham-operated control (Sham), ovariectomy (OVX), and ovariectomy with PEMF treatment (OVX+PEMF). The OVX+PEMF group was exposed to 15Hz, 1.6 mT PEMF for 8h/day, 7days/week. After 8weeks, the mice were sacrificed. The OVX+PEMF group showed lower body weight gain of mice induced by estrogen deficiency compared with OVX group. Biochemical analysis of serum demonstrated that serum bone formation markers including bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) were markedly higher in OVX+PEMF group compared with OVX group. Besides, serum bone resorption markers including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) and C-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I) were markedly lower in OVX+PEMF group compared with OVX group. Biomechanical test observed that OVX+PEMF group showed higher compressive maximum load and stiffness of the lumbar vertebrae compared with OVX group. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histological analysis of lumbar vertebrae revealed that PEMF partially prevented OVX-induced decrease of trabecular bone mass and deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture in lumbar vertebrae. Real-time PCR showed that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway of the lumbar vertebrae, including Wnt3a, LRP5 and β-catenin were markedly up-regulated in OVX+PEMF group compared with OVX group. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of RANKL and OPG were markedly up-regulated in OVX+PEMF group compared with OVX group, whereas no statistical difference in RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio was found between OVX+PEMF group and OVX group. Besides, our study also found that the RANK mRNA expression was down-regulated in OVX+PEMF group compared with OVX group. Taken together, we reported that long-term stimulation with PEMF treatment was able to alleviate lumbar vertebral OP in postmenopausal mice through a combination of increased bone formation and suppressed bone resorption related to regulating the skeletal gene expressions of Wnt3a/LRP5/β-catenin and OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuowen Liang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feijiang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangning Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Shan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Maogang Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoling Xu
- School of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Erping Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China.
| | - Guanghao Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China.
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13
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Kuang H, Tang Z, Wang X, Yang B, Wang Z, Wang Q. Chemical constituents from Sambucus williamsii Hance fruits and hepatoprotective effects in mouse hepatocytes. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2008-2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1361948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenqiu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wang YG, Jiang LB, Gou B. PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VANILLIC ACID ON OVARIECTOMY-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS IN RATS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017. [PMID: 28638864 PMCID: PMC5471479 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The need for an anti-osteoporotic agent is in high demand since osteoporosis contributes to high rates of disability or impairment (high osteoporotic fracture), morbidity and mortality. Hence, the present study is designed to evaluate the protective effects of vanillic acid (VA) against bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: Forty healthy female adult SD rats were separated in to four groups with sham-operated control with bilateral laprotomy (Sham; n = 10), bilateral overiectomy (OVX; n = 10) group, OVX rats were orallay administrated with 50 mg/kg b.wt of VA (OVX + 50 VA; n = 10) or 100 mg/kg b.wt of VA (OVX + 100 VA; n = 10) for 12 weeks (post-treatment) after 4 weeks of OVX. Results: A significant change in the body weight gain was noted in OVX group, while treatment with VA substantially reverted to normalcy. Meanwhile, the bone mineral density and content (BMD and BMC) were substantially improved on supplementation with VA. Also, the bone turnover markers like calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) levels were markedly attenuated in VA-treated rats. Moreover, the biomechanical stability was greatly ameliorated with VA administration. Both the dose of VA showed potent anti-osteoporotic activity, but VA 100 mg showed highest protective effects as compared with 50 mg of VA. Conclusion: Based on the outcome, we concluded that VA 100 showed better anti-osteoporotic activity by improving BMD and BMC as well as biomechanical stability and therefore used as an alternative therapy for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Liang Bo Jiang
- Department of Microscopic Orthopaedics, Shiyan People's Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Bo Gou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shiyan People's Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
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15
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Wong KC, Cao S, Dong X, Law MC, Chan TH, Wong MS. (-)-Epiafzelechin Protects against Ovariectomy-induced Bone Loss in Adult Mice and Modulate Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Functions In Vitro. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050530. [PMID: 28531166 PMCID: PMC5452259 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to characterize the bone protective effects of (-)-epiafzelechin (EAF), a flavan-3-ol, in mature ovariectomized mice model and its ability to stimulate osteoblastic activity and inhibit osteoclastic activity. Mature C57BL/6 mice (three to four months old) were either ovariectomised (OVX) or sham-operated and subjected to treatment (vehicle, 17β-oestradiol (E2, 200 μg/kg/day) or EAF (500 μg/kg/day) orally for six weeks. EAF and E2 significantly reduced urinary calcium (Ca) excretion, serum osteocalcin (OCN), and urinary deoxy-pyridinoline (DPD); increased bone mineral density (BMD); and improved micro-architectural properties in OVX mice. EAF significantly increased cell viability, alkaline phosphatise (ALP) activity, and collagen content, as well as runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2) mRNA expression in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, EAF significantly reduced the viability of osteoclast precursor murine leukemia monocyte RAW 264.7 cells and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities in mature osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. EAF is a bioactive flavan-3-ol that protects estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in OVX mice and exerts direct modulating effects in bone cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Chun Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sisi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Man-Chun Law
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tak-Hang Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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16
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Schröder L, Richter DU, Piechulla B, Chrobak M, Kuhn C, Schulze S, Abarzua S, Jeschke U, Weissenbacher T. Effects of Phytoestrogen Extracts Isolated from Elder Flower on Hormone Production and Receptor Expression of Trophoblast Tumor Cells JEG-3 and BeWo, as well as MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100616. [PMID: 27740591 PMCID: PMC5084004 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereinwe investigated the effect of elderflower extracts (EFE) and of enterolactone/enterodiol on hormone production and proliferation of trophoblast tumor cell lines JEG-3 and BeWo, as well as MCF7 breast cancer cells. The EFE was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Cells were incubated with various concentrations of EFE. Untreated cells served as controls. Supernatants were tested for estradiol production with an ELISA method. Furthermore, the effect of the EFE on ER/ER/PR expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry. EFE contains a substantial amount of lignans. Estradiol production was inhibited in all cells in a concentration-dependent manner. EFE upregulated ER in JEG-3 cell lines. In MCF7 cells, a significant ER downregulation and PR upregulation were observed. The control substances enterolactone and enterodiol in contrast inhibited the expression of both ER and of PR in MCF7 cells. In addition, the production of estradiol was upregulated in BeWo and MCF7 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The downregulating effect of EFE on ER expression and the upregulation of the PR expression in MFC-7 cells are promising results. Therefore, additional unknown substances might be responsible for ER downregulation and PR upregulation. These findings suggest potential use of EFE in breast cancer prevention and/or treatment and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Ulrike Richter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Mareike Chrobak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Sandra Schulze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Sybille Abarzua
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Tobias Weissenbacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich 80337, Germany.
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17
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Effects of total flavonoids from Drynariae Rhizoma prevent bone loss in vivo and in vitro. Bone Rep 2016; 5:262-273. [PMID: 28580395 PMCID: PMC5440975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is one of the major causes of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Drynariae Rhizoma is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of bone diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the total Drynariae Rhizoma flavonoids (DRTF) on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss using an ovariectomized rat model and osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Our results indicated that DRTF produced osteo-protective effects on the ovariectomized rats in terms of bone loss reduction, including decreased levels of bone turnover markers, enhanced biomechanical femur strength and trabecular bone microarchitecture deterioration prevention. In vitro experiments revealed that the actions of DRTF on regulating osteoblastic activities were mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER) dependent pathway. Our data also demonstrated that DRTF inhibited osteoclastogenesis via up-regulating osteoprotegrin (OPG), as well as down-regulating receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression. In conclusion, this study indicated that DRTF treatment effectively suppressed bone mass loss in an ovariectomized rat model, and in vitro evidence suggested that the effects were exerted through actions on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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18
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Xiao HH, Zhang Y, Cooper R, Yao XS, Wong MS. Phytochemicals and potential health effects of Sambucus williamsii Hance (Jiegumu). Chin Med 2016; 11:36. [PMID: 27478495 PMCID: PMC4965893 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sambucus williamsii Hance (Jiegumu) is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat bone and joint diseases. The major phytochemicals in S. williamsii are lignans, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, together with trace amounts of essential oils, minerals, amino acids, and natural pigments. In this review, a database search for studies published from 1990 to November 2015 was conducted using PubMed, the China Academic Journals Full-Text Database, and Google Scholar with the keywords “Sambucus williamsii Hance”, “Sambucus williamsii”, “Sambucuswilliamsii + clinic”, “Sambucuswilliamsii + biology”, “Sambucuswilliamsii + chemicals”, and “Jiegumu”, which covered chemical studies, cell culture studies, animal experiments, and clinical studies. This article reviewed the compounds isolated from S. williamsii that may reduce the risk of cancer, and exert antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, bone fracture healing, and antiosteoporotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 China ; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Raymond Cooper
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 China ; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Che CT, Wong MS, Lam CWK. Natural Products from Chinese Medicines with Potential Benefits to Bone Health. Molecules 2016; 21:239. [PMID: 26927052 PMCID: PMC6274145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive, systemic bone disorder characterized by loss of bone mass and microstructure, leading to reduced bone strength and increased risk of fracture. It is often associated with reduced quality of life and other medical complications. The disease is common in the aging population, particularly among postmenopausal women and patients who receive long-term steroidal therapy. Given the rapid growth of the aging population, increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of bone loss, and financial burden to the healthcare system and individuals, demand for new therapeutic agents and nutritional supplements for the management and promotion of bone health is pressing. With the advent of global interest in complementary and alternative medicine and natural products, Chinese medicine serves as a viable source to offer benefits for the improvement and maintenance of bone health. This review summarizes the scientific information obtained from recent literatures on the chemical ingredients of Chinese medicinal plants that have been reported to possess osteoprotective and related properties in cell-based and/or animal models. Some of these natural products (or their derivatives) may become promising leads for development into dietary supplements or therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Man Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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20
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Xiao HH, Gao QG, Ho MX, Zhang Y, Wong KC, Dai Y, Yao XS, Wong MS. An 8-O-4' norlignan exerts oestrogen-like actions in osteoblastic cells via rapid nongenomic ER signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:39-49. [PMID: 25978953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sambucus williamsii Hance (SWH), which belongs to the Caprifoliaceae family distributed in various regions of China, Korea and Japan, has been used as a folk medicine for treatment of bone and joint diseases in China for thousands of years. In previous studies, SWH was shown to possess anti-osteoporosis, healing fracture, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Our previous studies showed that SWH extract effectively suppressed ovariectomy-induced increase in bone turnover and improved bone mineral density and bone biomechanical strength in rats as well as in mice. An 8-O-4' norlignan, (7R,8S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol (PPD) was previously isolated and identified as the bioactive ingredient in SWH. The present study aimed to characterize the bone protective effects as well as its mechanism of actions in osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone protective actions of PPD on different cells were determined by proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, calcium deposition as well as real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI182,780 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 blocking assays, competitive ER radioligand binding assay, ERE-dependent luciferase reporter assay and immunoblotting were used to determine if PPD activated ER and if the effects of PPD on osteoblastic functions were ER dependent. RESULTS PPD exerted anabolic effects in osteoblasts and its effects were abolished by co-incubation with ICI182,780 or U0126. PPD induced mRNA expressions of Runx2, ALP, osteocalcin, and increased the ratio of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (OPG/RANKL). PPD failed to bind to either ERα or ERβ and did not activate ERE-luciferase activity via ER. PPD induced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) and its effect was completely abolished by U0126. It also induced the phosphorylation of ERα at serine 118. CONCLUSION These data show that PPD is a bioactive compound in SWH that exerts oestrogen-like actions in osteoblast-like cells via ligand-independent, estrogen response element (ERE)-independent and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) Kinase-mediated rapid nongenomic ER signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Quan-Gui Gao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ming-Xian Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China; Center for Systems Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Ka-Chun Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Niu Y, Li C, Pan Y, Li Y, Kong X, Wang S, Zhai Y, Wu X, Fan W, Mei Q. Treatment of Radix Dipsaci extract prevents long bone loss induced by modeled microgravity in hindlimb unloading rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:110-116. [PMID: 25243871 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.911920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Radix Dipsaci is a kidney tonifying herbal medicine with a long history of safe use for treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. Previous studies have shown that Radix Dipsaci extract (RDE) could prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of RDE against bone loss induced by simulated microgravity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hindlimb unloading rat model was established to determine the effect of RDE on bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): control (CON), hindlimb unloading with vehicle (HLU), hindlimb unloading treated with alendronate (HLU-ALN, 2.0 mg/kg/d), and hindlimb unloading treated with RDE (HLU-RDE, 500 mg/kg/d). RDE or ALN was administrated orally for 4 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with RDE had a positive effect on mechanical strength, BMD, BMC, bone turnover markers, and the changes in urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. MicroCT analysis showed that RDE significantly prevented the reduction of the bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular number, thickness, tissue mineral density, and tissue mineral content as well as improved the trabecular separation and structure model index. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION RDE was demonstrated to prevent the loss of bone mass induced by HLU treatment, which suggests the potential application of RDE in the treatment of microgravity-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , PR China
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New lignans from the bioactive fraction of Sambucus williamsii Hance and proliferation activities on osteoblastic-like UMR106 cells. Fitoterapia 2014; 94:29-35. [PMID: 24462959 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four new lignans (1, 7-9), together with nine known ones, were isolated from the anti-osteoporosis fraction of the extract of Sambucus williamsii Hance which was eluted by 50% and 95% aqueous ethanol over D101 macroporous resin column. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations of all compounds were determined by application of circular dichroism method. All the compounds were reported for the first time from the Sambucus genus and firstly studied for their proliferation effects on osteoblastic-like UMR 106 cell. The data showed that compounds 2-9 significantly promoted cell proliferation in some dose, especially compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 increased osteoblastic cell numbers by 31.3%, 28.3%, 25.6%, 25.1% and 26.0% at 10(-10) M, 10(-10) M, 10(-7) M, 10(-10) M and 10(-10) M, respectively, which suggested that lignans were the components accounting for the bone protective effects of SWH.
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Lee H, Choi H, Ko HJ, Woo ER, Lee DG. Antifungal effect and mode of action of glochidioboside against Candida albicans membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Drynaria fortunei-derived total flavonoid fraction and isolated compounds exert oestrogen-like protective effects in bone. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:475-85. [PMID: 23302510 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. (DF), a Chinese herb commonly used for the treatment of bone fracture, was previously shown to exert anabolic effects on bone. However, its active ingredients as well as the mechanisms of action are far from clear. The present study aimed to characterise the bone anabolic effects of DF flavonoid fraction (DFTF) in ovariectomised (OVX) mice and to determine if DFTF and its isolated compounds exert oestrogen-like effects in rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells. Young OVX C57/BL6J mice were treated orally with DFTF (0·087, 0·173 or 0·346 mg/g per d), 17β-oestradiol (2 μg/g per d) or its vehicle for 6 weeks. Serum and urine samples were collected for biochemical marker analysis. Bones were collected for computed tomography analysis. UMR-106 cells were treated with DFTF and isolated compounds naringin, (2S)-5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-flavonone 7-O-neohesperidoside (compound 1) and 5,7-dihydroxychromone 7-O-neohesperidoside (compound 2). DFTF exerted dose-dependent effects in improving bone mineral densities as well as bone strength at the femur, tibia and lumbar spine L1 in OVX mice. DFTF and the three isolated compounds stimulated osteoblastic cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activities in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, they stimulated the ratio of osteoprotegrin and receptor-activator NF-κB ligand mRNA expression, suggesting their involvement in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. These stimulatory effects on osteoblastic functions were abolished in the presence of oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, ICI 182780. The present results suggested that DFTF is effective in protecting against OVX-induced bone loss in mice, and its actions in regulating osteoblastic activities appear to be mediated by ER.
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Potential antiosteoporotic agents from plants: a comprehensive review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:364604. [PMID: 23365596 PMCID: PMC3551255 DOI: 10.1155/2012/364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health hazard and is a disease of old age; it is a silent epidemic affecting more than 200 million people worldwide in recent years. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research many plants and their compounds have been shown to possess antiosteoporosis activity. This paper reviews the medicinal plants displaying antiosteoporosis properties including their origin, active constituents, and pharmacological data. The plants reported here are the ones which are commonly used in traditional medical systems and have demonstrated clinical effectiveness against osteoporosis. Although many plants have the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so far, only a fraction of these plants have been thoroughly investigated for their physiological and pharmacological properties including their mechanism of action. An attempt should be made to highlight plant species with possible antiosteoporosis properties and they should be investigated further to help with future drug development for treating this disease.
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Niu YB, Li YH, Kong XH, Zhang R, Sun Y, Li Q, Li C, Liu L, Wang J, Mei QB. The beneficial effect of Radix Dipsaci total saponins on bone metabolism in vitro and in vivo and the possible mechanisms of action. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2649-60. [PMID: 22535190 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-1932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effects of Radix Dipsaci total saponins (RTS). We showed that RTS was able to improve bone properties by either an increase of osteoblastic activity or a decrease in osteoclastic activity. INTRODUCTION Radix Dipsaci has long been used as an anti-osteoporotic drug. The present study investigates the anti-osteoporotic effects of RTS. METHODS Three-month-old female rats were randomly assigned into a sham-operated group (sham) and five ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups, namely, OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with 17β-ethinylestradiol (E(2)), and OVX with graded doses of RTS (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/d). RTS and E(2) were administered orally, daily from 1 week after OVX treatment for 4 months. Bone mass, turnover, and strength were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biochemical markers, and the three-point bending test. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was assessed by microCT. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the potential molecular mechanisms of the anti-osteoporotic effect of RTS. RESULTS RTS prevented the loss of bone mass induced by OVX. The preventive effect on bone loss was primarily indicated by decreasing levels of bone turnover markers and confirmed by the changes in urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. The treatment also enhanced the biomechanical strength of bone and prevented the deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture. RTS induced MC3T3-E1 and primary osteoblastic cell maturation and differentiation and increased bone formation by increasing BMP-2 synthesis. In addition, RTS inhibited osteoclastogenesis through an increase in osteoprotegrin and a decrease in NF-kB ligand expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS RTS treatment can effectively suppress the loss of bone mass induced by OVX and in vitro evidence suggests this could be through actions on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
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Bone-protective effects of bioactive fractions and ingredients in Sambucus williamsii HANCE. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1802-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511002546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that 60 % ethanol crude extract of Sambucus williamsii HANCE (SWH) improved bone mass, bone strength and bone micro-structure in both ovariectomised (OVX) rats and mice. The present study aims to identify the bioactive fractions and ingredients in SWH that account for its osteoprotective effects. Bilateral sham-operated mice acted as controls. OVX C57BL/6J mice, aged 12 weeks, were orally administrated daily with vehicle or 17β-oestradiol (3·2 mg/kg), SWH (60 % ethanol crude extract; 1·0 g/kg), SWA (water eluate; 0·570 g/kg), SWB (30 % ethanol eluate; 0·128 g/kg) or SWC (50 and 95 % ethanol eluates; 0·189 g/kg) for 12 weeks. The effects of the different fractions on bone properties in the OVX mice model were studied. In addition, their effects on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were evaluated in UMR 106 cells. SWC significantly restored bone mineral density and improved bone size and bone content parameters in the femur and tibia as well as increased biomechanical strength at the tibia diaphysis in OVX mice. Similarly, SWC was the most potent fraction in stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation in UMR 106 cells. Also, SWC did not alter uterus weight in OVX mice. Nine major peaks, seven lignans and two phenolic acids, in the HPLC fingerprint of the SWC fraction were identified, isolated and characterised. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that SWC was the most potent fraction in SWH that exerted anti-osteoporotic effects. Furthermore, lignans might be the potential bioactive components in SWC.
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