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Pekkoh J, Thurakit T, Ruangrit K, Chaichana C, Phinyo K, Lomakool S, Wichaphian A, Cheirsilp B, Srinuanpan S. Co-bioaugmentation with microalgae and probiotic bacteria: Sustainable solutions for upcycling of aquaculture wastewater and agricultural residues into microbial-rice bran complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119760. [PMID: 39121700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture farming generates a significant amount of wastewater, which has prompted the development of creative bioprocesses to improve wastewater treatment and bioresource recovery. One promising method of achieving these aims is to directly recycle pollutants into microbe-rice bran complexes, which is an economical and efficient technique for wastewater treatment that uses synergetic interactions between algae and bacteria. This study explores novel bioaugmentation as a promising strategy for efficiently forming microbial-rice bran complexes in unsterilized aquaculture wastewater enriched with agricultural residues (molasses and rice bran). Results found that rice bran serves a dual role, acting as both an alternative nutrient source and a biomass support for microalgae and bacteria. Co-bioaugmentation, involving the addition of probiotic bacteria (Bacillus syntrophic consortia) and microalgae consortiums (Tetradesmus dimorphus and Chlorella sp.) to an existing microbial community, led to a remarkable 5-fold increase in microbial-rice bran complex yields compared to the non-bioaugmentation approach. This method provided the most compact biofloc structure (0.50 g/L) and a large particle diameter (404 μm). Co-bioaugmentation significantly boosts the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances, comprising proteins at 6.5 g/L and polysaccharides at 0.28 g/L. Chlorophyta, comprising 80% of the total algal phylum, and Proteobacteria, comprising 51% of the total bacterial phylum, are emerging as dominant species. These microorganisms play a crucial role in waste and wastewater treatment, as well as in the formation of microbial-rice bran complexes that could serve as an alternative aquaculture feed. This approach prompted changes in both microbial community structure and nutrient cycling processes, as well as water quality. These findings provide valuable insights into the transformative effects of bioaugmentation on the development of microbial-rice bran complexes, offering potential applications in bioprocesses for waste and wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Theera Thurakit
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Khomsan Ruangrit
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Chaichana
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kittiya Phinyo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Office of Research Administration, Office of the University, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sureeporn Lomakool
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Office of Research Administration, Office of the University, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Microbial Biorefinery and Biochemical Process Engineering Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Antira Wichaphian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Microbial Biorefinery and Biochemical Process Engineering Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Office of Research Administration, Office of the University, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Microbial Biorefinery and Biochemical Process Engineering Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Ghio S, Bradanini MB, Garrido MM, Ontañon OM, Piccinni FE, Marrero Diaz de Villegas R, Talia PM, Campos E. Synergic activity of Cel8Pa β-1,4 endoglucanase and Bg1Pa β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus xylanivorans A59 in beta-glucan conversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00526. [PMID: 32963976 PMCID: PMC7490527 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cel8Pa is an extracellular, halotolerant, broad substrate endoglucanase. Bg1Pa is an intracellular β-glucosidase, with activity on cello oligosaccharides and high resistance to ethanol. The concerted action of Cel8Pa and Bg1Pa has a synergistic effect on saccharification of β-glucans. Cel8Pa and Bg1Pa are cold-stable and candidates for SSF ethanol 2 G processes.
In the efficient bioconversion of polysaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases are key enzymes for the deconstruction of β-glucans. In this work, we focused on a GH8 endoglucanase (Cel8Pa) and a GH1 β-glucosidase (Bg1Pa) from Paenibacillus xylanivorans A59. Cel8Pa was active on a broad range of substrates, such as β-glucan from barley (24.5 IU/mg), lichenan (17.9 IU/mg), phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) (9.7 IU/mg), carboxi-methylcellulose (CMC) (7.3 IU/mg), chitosan (1.4 IU/mg) and xylan (0.4 IU/mg). Bg1Pa was active on cellobiose (C2) and cello-oligosaccharides up to C6, releasing glucose as the main product. When both enzymes were used jointly, there was a synergic effect in the conversion rate of polysaccharides to glucose. Cel8Pa and Bg1Pa presented important properties for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes in second generation bioethanol production, such as tolerance to high concentration of glucose and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Ghio
- Institute for Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO), National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María B Bradanini
- Institute for Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO), National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.,University of San Martin (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes M Garrido
- Institute for Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO), National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ornella M Ontañon
- Institute for Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO), National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Florencia E Piccinni
- Institute for Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO), National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ruben Marrero Diaz de Villegas
- Institute for Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO), National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Paola M Talia
- Institute for Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO), National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Eleonora Campos
- Institute for Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO), National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
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Monteiro LMO, Vici AC, Pinheiro MP, Heinen PR, de Oliveira AHC, Ward RJ, Prade RA, Buckeridge MS, Polizeli MDLTDM. A Highly Glucose Tolerant ß-Glucosidase from Malbranchea pulchella (MpBg3) Enables Cellulose Saccharification. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6998. [PMID: 32332833 PMCID: PMC7181827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucosidases catalyze the hydrolysis β-1,4, β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucosidic linkages from non-reducing end of short chain oligosaccharides, alkyl and aryl β-D-glucosides and disaccharides. They catalyze the rate-limiting reaction in the conversion of cellobiose to glucose in the saccharification of cellulose for second-generation ethanol production, and due to this important role the search for glucose tolerant enzymes is of biochemical and biotechnological importance. In this study we characterize a family 3 glycosyl hydrolase (GH3) β-glucosidase (Bgl) produced by Malbranchea pulchella (MpBgl3) grown on cellobiose as the sole carbon source. Kinetic characterization revealed that the MpBgl3 was highly tolerant to glucose, which is in contrast to many Bgls that are completely inhibited by glucose. A 3D model of MpBgl3 was generated by molecular modeling and used for the evaluation of structural differences with a Bgl3 that is inhibited by glucose. Taken together, our results provide new clues to understand the glucose tolerance in GH3 β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lummy Maria Oliveira Monteiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pinto Pinheiro
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociência (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Heinen
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Richard John Ward
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rolf Alexander Prade
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Matão Street, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Dong W, Xue M, Zhang Y, Xin F, Wei C, Zhang W, Wu H, Ma J, Jiang M. Characterization of a β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus species and its application for succinic acid production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:309-316. [PMID: 28577479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus sp. M1 was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), purified and characterized. The specific activity of purified BglA was 137.64U·mg-1 protein with optimal temperature and pH of 50°C and 6.0. Furthermore, BglA shows excellent adaption to various environmental factors such as temperature, pH and metal ions. Engineered E. coli Suc260 was further reconstructed by overexpressing the β-glucosidase for achieving direct cellobiose utilization, which could efficiently utilize the pretreated sugarcane bagasses hydrolysate (SBH) consisting of 25.30g·L-1 cellobiose, 9.70g·L-1 glucose, 5.90g·L-1 arabinose and 7.10g·L-1 xylose. As a result, 26.50g·L-1 and 24.30g·L-1 succinic acid were produced by strain Suc260(pTbglA) from cellobiose and SBH with corresponding yields of 88.30% and 89.20% using dual-phase fermentation, respectively. This study indicated that incomplete enzymatic hydrolysate of SCB will be a potential feedstock for succinic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Menglei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Ce Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
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Suwan E, Arthornthurasuk S, Kongsaeree PT. A metagenomic approach to discover a novel β-glucosidase from bovine rumens. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstractβ-Glucosidases play an important role in biomass degradation as they hydrolyze cellobiose to glucose in a final step of cellulolysis. In particular, ruminant animals rely onβ-glucosidases from rumen microorganisms for conversion of plant cellulosic materials into glucose. In this study, we are interested in characterization of a novelβ-glucosidase from rumen microorganisms. However, most rumen microorganisms are obligate anaerobes, which require special cultivation conditions. Presently, the metagenomic techniques, which enable isolation and characterization of microbial genes directly from environmental samples, have been applied to overcome these problems. In this study, the sequence-based screening approach was successfully applied to identify a novelβ-glucosidase gene,Br2, from a bovine rumen metagenomic sample. A 1338-bp complete coding sequence ofBr2encodes a 51-kDa GH1β-glucosidase of 445 amino acid residues with 59% sequence identity to aβ-glucosidase fromCellulosilyticum ruminicolaJCM 14822. The recombinantly expressed Br2 exhibited an optimal activity at pH 6.5 and 40°C, reflecting its rumen bacterial origin, and relatively higher catalytic efficiencies toward glucoside and fucoside substrates than other glycosides, similar to many previously reported bacterialβ-glucosidases. Our sequence-based screening approach can be applied to identify other genes of interest from environmental samples.
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Park DJ, Lee YS, Choi YL. Characterization of a Cold-Active β-Glucosidase from Paenibacillus xylanilyticus KJ-03 Capable of Hydrolyzing Isoflavones Daidzin and Genistin. Protein J 2013; 32:579-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Motif-guided identification of a glycoside hydrolase family 1 α-L-arabinofuranosidase in Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:1709-14. [PMID: 23924734 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Members of glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) cleave glycosidic linkages with a variety of physiological roles. Here we report a unique GH1 member encoded in the genome of Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703. This enzyme, BAD0156, was identified from over 2,000 GH1 sequences accumulated in a database by a genome mining approach based on a motif sequence. A recombinant BAD0156 protein was characterized to confirm that this enzyme alone specifically hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside among the 24 p-nitrophenyl-glycosides examined. Among natural glycosides, α-1,5-linked arabino-oligosaccharides served as substrates, but arabinan, debranched arabinan, arabinoxylan, and arabinogalactan did not. A time course analysis of arabino-oligosaccharide hydrolysis indicated that BAD0156 is an exo-acting enzyme. These results suggest that BAD0156 is an α-L-arabinofuranosidase. This is the first report of a GH1 enzyme that acts specifically on arabinosides, providing information on GH1 substrate specificity.
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Feltus FA, Vandenbrink JP. Bioenergy grass feedstock: current options and prospects for trait improvement using emerging genetic, genomic, and systems biology toolkits. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:80. [PMID: 23122416 PMCID: PMC3502489 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
For lignocellulosic bioenergy to become a viable alternative to traditional energy production methods, rapid increases in conversion efficiency and biomass yield must be achieved. Increased productivity in bioenergy production can be achieved through concomitant gains in processing efficiency as well as genetic improvement of feedstock that have the potential for bioenergy production at an industrial scale. The purpose of this review is to explore the genetic and genomic resource landscape for the improvement of a specific bioenergy feedstock group, the C4 bioenergy grasses. First, bioenergy grass feedstock traits relevant to biochemical conversion are examined. Then we outline genetic resources available bioenergy grasses for mapping bioenergy traits to DNA markers and genes. This is followed by a discussion of genomic tools and how they can be applied to understanding bioenergy grass feedstock trait genetic mechanisms leading to further improvement opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Alex Feltus
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street. BRC #302C, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Joshua P Vandenbrink
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street. BRC #302C, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Genome mining and motif modifications of glycoside hydrolase family 1 members encoded by Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 provide thermostable 6-phospho-β-glycosidase and β-fucosidase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:2929-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wan Y, Prudente A, Sathivel S. Purification of soluble rice bran fiber using ultrafiltration technology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Delavat F, Phalip V, Forster A, Lett MC, Lièvremont D. Deciphering the role of Paenibacillus strain Q8 in the organic matter recycling in the acid mine drainage of Carnoulès. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:16. [PMID: 22305268 PMCID: PMC3287962 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recycling of the organic matter is a crucial function in any environment, especially in oligotrophic environments such as Acid Mine Drainages (AMDs). Polymer-degrading bacteria might play an important role in such ecosystem, at least by releasing by-products useful for the rest of the community. In this study, physiological, molecular and biochemical experiments were performed to decipher the role of a Paenibacillus strain isolated from the sediment of Carnoulès AMD. Results Even though Paenibacillus sp. strain Q8 was isolated from an oligotrophic AMD showing an acidic pH, it developed under both acidic and alkaline conditions and showed a heterotrophic metabolism based on the utilization of a broad range of organic compounds. It resisted to numerous metallic stresses, particularly high arsenite (As(III)) concentrations (> 1,800 mg/L). Q8 was also able to efficiently degrade polymers such as cellulose, xylan and starch. Function-based screening of a Q8 DNA-library allowed the detection of 15 clones with starch-degrading activity and 3 clones with xylan-degrading activity. One clone positive for starch degradation carried a single gene encoding a "protein of unknown function". Amylolytic and xylanolytic activities were measured both in growing cells and with acellular extracts of Q8. The results showed the ability of Q8 to degrade both polymers under a broad pH range and high As(III) and As(V) concentrations. Activity measurements allowed to point out the constitutive expression of the amylase genes and the mainly inducible expression of the xylanase genes. PACE demonstrated the endo-acting activity of the amylases and the exo-acting activity of the xylanases. Conclusions AMDs have been studied for years especially with regard to interactions between bacteria and the inorganic compartment hosting them. To date, no study reported the role of microorganisms in the recycling of the organic matter. The present work suggests that the strain Q8 might play an important role in the community by recycling the scarce organic matter (cellulose, hemicellulose, starch...), especially when the conditions change. Furthermore, function-based screening of a Q8 DNA library allowed to assign an amylolytic function to a gene previously unknown. AMDs could be considered as a reservoir of genes with potential biotechnological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Delavat
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Characterization of a Thermostable Family 1 Glycosyl Hydrolase Enzyme from Putranjiva roxburghii Seeds. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:523-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tejirian A, Xu F. Inhibition of cellulase-catalyzed lignocellulosic hydrolysis by iron and oxidative metal ions and complexes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7673-82. [PMID: 20889796 PMCID: PMC2988600 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01376-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic lignocellulose hydrolysis plays a key role in microbially driven carbon cycling and energy conversion and holds promise for bio-based energy and chemical industries. Cellulases (key lignocellulose-active enzymes) are prone to interference from various noncellulosic substances (e.g., metal ions). During natural cellulolysis, these substances may arise from other microbial activities or abiotic events, and during industrial cellulolysis, they may be derived from biomass feedstocks or upstream treatments. Knowledge about cellulolysis-inhibiting reactions is of importance for the microbiology of natural biomass degradation and the development of biomass conversion technology. Different metal ions, including those native to microbial activity or employed for biomass pretreatments, are often tested for enzymatic cellulolysis. Only a few metal ions act as inhibitors of cellulases, which include ferrous and ferric ions as well as cupric ion. In this study, we showed inhibition by ferrous/ferric ions as part of a more general effect from oxidative (or redox-active) metal ions and their complexes. The correlation between inhibition and oxidation potential indicated the oxidative nature of the inhibition, and the dependence on air established the catalytic role that iron ions played in mediating the dioxygen inhibition of cellulolysis. Individual cellulases showed different susceptibilities to inhibition. It is likely that the inhibition exerted its effect more on cellulose than on cellulase. Strong iron ion chelators and polyethylene glycols could mitigate the inhibition. Potential microbiological and industrial implications of the observed effect of redox-active metal ions on enzymatic cellulolysis, as well as the prevention and mitigation of this effect in industrial biomass conversion, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Xu
- Novozymes, Inc., Davis, California 95618
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Ng IS, Li CW, Chan SP, Chir JL, Chen PT, Tong CG, Yu SM, Ho THD. High-level production of a thermoacidophilic beta-glucosidase from Penicillium citrinum YS40-5 by solid-state fermentation with rice bran. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1310-1317. [PMID: 19837582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A high yield of beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) of 159.1 U/g-solid activity on 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was achieved by rice bran-based solid-state fermentation (SSF) of the recently characterized fungus Penicillium citrinum YS40-5. The enzyme was both thermophilic and acidophilic at the optimized temperature and pH of 70 degrees C and 5.0, respectively. Over 95% of the original beta-glucosidase activity was maintained after a prolonged storage at ambient temperature for 4 weeks. The kinetic parameters V(max), K(m) and K(I) were 85.93 U/mg, 1.2 mM and 17.59 mM with pNPG, and 72.49 U/mg, 32.17 mM and 8.29 mM with cellobiose, respectively. The protein band with beta-glucosidase activity was characterized by native PAGE followed by MUG-zymogram analysis, and its identity confirmed by nanoLC-MS/MS. A 3.43-fold synergistic effect by combining this beta-glucosidase with Trichoderma reesei cellulases was observed, indicating this enzyme could potentially be used for improving the efficiency of cellulosic bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Son Ng
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, 2F, No. 22, Lane 31, Sec. 1, Huandong Rd., Sinshih Township, Tainan 74146, Taiwan, ROC
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A cold-active β-glucosidase (Bgl1C) from a sea bacteria Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans A011. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Harada KM, Tanaka K, Fukuda Y, Hashimoto W, Murata K. Paenibacillus sp. strain HC1 xylanases responsible for degradation of rice bran hemicellulose. Microbiol Res 2006; 163:293-8. [PMID: 16829064 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus sp. strain HC1 is the first bacterium capable of growing on rice bran hemicellulose as a sole carbon source. Two xylanases (Xyl-I and -II) were purified from the bacterial culture fluid and enzymatically characterized. Xyl-I and -II showed monomer forms with molecular masses of 30 and 18kDa, respectively, and were most active at around pH 5.0 and 45 degrees C. Xylooligosaccharides were degraded to xylobiose and xylose by Xyl-I, but not by Xyl-II, suggesting that Xyl-I plays an important role in complete depolymerization of xylan. Both enzymes acted endolytically on rice bran hemicellulose, indicating that Xyl-I and -II contribute to the structure determination and practical use of the polysaccharide, an unutilized biomass in technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mine Harada
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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