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Hasan I, Rimoldi S, Saroglia G, Terova G. Sustainable Fish Feeds with Insects and Probiotics Positively Affect Freshwater and Marine Fish Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101633. [PMID: 37238063 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest-growing agricultural industry in the world. Fishmeal is an essential component of commercial fish diets, but its long-term sustainability is a concern. Therefore, it is important to find alternatives to fishmeal that have a similar nutritional value and, at the same time, are affordable and readily available. The search for high-quality alternatives to fishmeal and fish oil has interested researchers worldwide. Over the past 20 years, different insect meals have been studied as a potential alternate source of fishmeal in aquafeeds. On the other hand, probiotics-live microbial strains-are being used as dietary supplements and showing beneficial effects on fish growth and health status. Fish gut microbiota plays a significant role in nutrition metabolism, which affects a number of other physiological functions, including fish growth and development, immune regulation, and pathogen resistance. One of the key reasons for studying fish gut microbiota is the possibility to modify microbial communities that inhabit the intestine to benefit host growth and health. The development of DNA sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatics tools has made metagenomic analysis a feasible method for researching gut microbes. In this review, we analyze and summarize the current knowledge provided by studies of our research group on using insect meal and probiotic supplements in aquafeed formulations and their effects on different fish gut microbiota. We also highlight future research directions to make insect meals a key source of proteins for sustainable aquaculture and explore the challenges associated with the use of probiotics. Insect meals and probiotics will undoubtedly have a positive effect on the long-term sustainability and profitability of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giulio Saroglia
- Medical Devices Area, Institute of Digital Technologies for Personalized Healthcare-MeDiTech, Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera Italiana, Via La Santa 1, CH-6962 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy
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Ma Z, Gao X, Yang X, Lin L, Wei X, Wang S, Li Y, Peng X, Zhao C, Chen J, Xiao H, Yuan Y, Dai J. Low-dose florfenicol and copper combined exposure during early life induced health risks by affecting gut microbiota and metabolome in SD rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114120. [PMID: 36174320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential health risks associated with simultaneous presence of residues of heavy metals and antibiotics in the environment and food have been of wide concern. However, the adverse health effects of combined heavy metal and antibiotic exposure at low doses remain unclear. In this study, the effects of combined exposure to florfenicol and copper at low doses during early life on toxicity, gut microbiota, drug resistance genes, and the fecal metabolome were investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that combined exposure induced inflammatory responses and visceral injury as well as faster weight gain compared with florfenicol or copper exposure alone. Alpha and beta diversity indices indicated that the composition of the gut microbiota and the abundance of bacteria related to energy intake and disease in the combined exposure group were significantly altered. The increase in resistance genes (floR, fexA) induced by florfenicol exposure was suppressed under combined exposure to florfenicol and copper. The fecal metabolome also demonstrated that metabolic pathways related to energy intake and liver injury were significantly affected in the combined exposure group. In conclusion, this study shows that combined exposure to florfenicol and copper during early life can pose a nonnegligible health risk even if the exposure concentration of florfenicol or copper is below the safe limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Wei
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Shuhan Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Yuke Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Chuchu Zhao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Ya Yuan
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Juan Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
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Abdul Razak S, Bauman JM, Marsh TL, Scribner KT. Changes in Lake Sturgeon Gut Microbiomes Relative to Founding Origin and in Response to Chemotherapeutant Treatments. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051005. [PMID: 35630448 PMCID: PMC9144364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics, drugs, and chemicals (collectively referred to as chemotherapeutants) are widely embraced in fish aquaculture as important tools to control or prevent disease outbreaks. Potential negative effects include changes in microbial community composition and diversity during early life stages, which can reverse the beneficial roles of gut microbiota for the maintenance of host physiological processes and homeostatic regulation. We characterized the gut microbial community composition and diversity of an ecologically and economically important fish species, the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), during the early larval period in response to weekly treatments using chemotherapeutants commonly used in aquaculture (chloramine-T, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl2 followed by hydrogen peroxide) relative to untreated controls. The effects of founding microbial community origin (wild stream vs. hatchery water) were also evaluated. Gut communities were quantified using massively parallel next generation sequencing based on the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Members of the phylum Firmicutes (principally unclassified Clostridiales and Clostridium_sensu_stricto) and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in all gut samples regardless of treatment. The egg incubation environment (origin) and its interaction with chemotherapeutant treatment were significantly associated with indices of microbial taxonomic diversity. We observed large variation in the beta diversity of lake sturgeon gut microbiota between larvae from eggs incubated in hatchery and wild (stream) origins based on nonmetric dimensional scaling (NMDS). Permutational ANOVA indicated the effects of chemotherapeutic treatments on gut microbial community composition were dependent on the initial source of the founding microbial community. Influences of microbiota colonization during early ontogenetic stages and the resilience of gut microbiota to topical chemotherapeutic treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shairah Abdul Razak
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - John M. Bauman
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Division, Escanaba Customer Service Center, Gladstone, MI 49837, USA;
| | - Terence L. Marsh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Kim T. Scribner
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lu H, Su H, Liu Y, Yin K, Wang D, Li B, Wang Y, Xing M. NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the mechanism of the mitigative effect of lycopene on sulfamethoxazole-induced inflammatory damage in grass carp kidneys. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:348-357. [PMID: 35314330 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater environmental antibiotic pollution is becoming more severe because of the irregular use of sulfonamide antibiotics. Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) is a kind of antibiotic that can cause harm to the urinary systems of organisms. However, the toxic impacts of environment-related concentrations of antibiotics in fish have not been thoroughly studied. Lycopene (LYC) has the property of alleviating antibiotic toxicity by diminishing oxidative stress and inflammation. This investigation is intended to examine the instrument of the mitigative part of LYC on SMZ-caused renal inflammatory injury in grass carp. Grass carp were born with SMZ (0. 3 μg L-1) and LYC (10 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Serum was used to measure creatinine (CREA) and urea nitrogen (BUN) contents; what is more, kidneys were used to measure histological structure, oxidative stress indicators, relative expressions of cytokines, and inflammatory factors. We found that SMZ exposure significantly increased oxidative stress, characterized by decreased catalase activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, inflammation-related factors: interleukin (IL-18, IL-6, and IL-1β), an apoptotic speck-containing protein with a card (ASC), NOD-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-activated B cells (NF-κB) expression increased significantly contrasted with those control group. Inflammatory reactions and ultrastructural changes accompany. LYC administration alleviated the changes mentioned above. In conclusion, In conclusion, these results suggest a protective effect of LYC dietary supplements against kidney damage caused by SMZ. LYC is expected to prevent and treat oxidative stress and chronic inflammation caused by antibiotics as a critical component in the fish breeding diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Heng Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Baoying Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030236. [PMID: 33808600 PMCID: PMC8003396 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The impact of the microbial community on host’s biological functions has uncovered the potential outcomes of antibiotics on host physiology, introducing the caveats of the antibiotic usage. Within animals, the digestive function is closely related to the microorganisms that inhabit this organ. The proper maintenance of the digestive system requires constant regeneration. These processes vary from self-renewal of some cells or tissues in some species to the complete regeneration of the organ in others. Whether antibiotics influence digestive organ regeneration remains unknown. We employ the sea cucumber, Holothuria glaberrima, for its capacity to regenerate the whole intestine after ejection from its internal cavity. We explored the antibiotics’ effects on several intestinal regeneration processes. In parallel, we studied the effect of antibiotics on the animals’ survival, toxicity, and gut bacteria growth. Our results show that tested antibiotics perturbed key cellular processes that occur during intestinal regeneration. Moreover, this happens at doses that inhibited bacteria growth but did not alter holothurian’s metabolic activity. We propose that antibiotics can perturb the cellular events of intestinal regeneration via their impact on the microbiota. These results highlight H. glaberrima as a promising model to study the importance of the microbiota during organ regeneration. Abstract The increased antibiotics usage in biomedical and agricultural settings has been well documented. Antibiotics have now been shown to exert effects outside their purposive use, including effects on physiological and developmental processes. We explored the effect of various antibiotics on intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. For this, holothurians were eviscerated and left to regenerate for 10 days in seawater with different penicillin/streptomycin-based cocktails (100 µg/mL PS) including: 100 µg/mL kanamycin (KPS), 5 µg/mL vancomycin (VPS), and 4 µg/mL (E4PS) or 20 µg/mL (E20PS) erythromycin. Immunohistological and histochemical analyses were performed to analyze regenerative processes, including rudiment size, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell proliferation, and muscle dedifferentiation. A reduction in muscle dedifferentiation was observed in all antibiotic-treated animals. ECM remodeling was decreased by VPS, E4PS, and E20PS treatments. In addition, organisms subjected to E20PS displayed a significant reduction in the size of their regenerating rudiments while VPS exposure altered cell proliferation. MTT assays were used to discard the possibility that the antibiotics directly affect holothurian metabolic activity while bacterial cultures were used to test antibiotic effects on holothurian enteric microbiota. Our results demonstrate a negative effect on intestinal regeneration and strongly suggest that these effects are due to alterations in the microbial community.
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Wu F, Chen B, Liu S, Xia X, Gao L, Zhang X, Pan Q. Effects of woody forages on biodiversity and bioactivity of aerobic culturable gut bacteria of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235560. [PMID: 32614907 PMCID: PMC7332033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of four woody forages (Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL), fermented MOL, Folium mori (FM) and fermented FM) on biodiversity and bioactivity of aerobic culturable gut bacteria of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by a traditional culture-dependent method. A total of 133 aerobic culturable isolates were recovered and identified from the gut of tilapia, belonging to 35 species of 12 genera in three bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria). Among them, 6 bacterial isolates of Bacillus baekryungensis, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas taiwanensis were isolated from all the five experimental groups. The Bray-Curtis analysis showed that the bacterial communities among the five groups displayed obvious differences. In addition, this result of bioactivity showed that approximate 43% of the aerobic culturable gut bacteria of tilapia displayed a distinct anti-bacterial activity against at least one of four fish pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, Micrococcus luteus and Vibrio parahemolyticus. Furthermore, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Streptomyces rutgersensis displayed strong activity against all four indicator bacteria. These results contribute to our understanding of the intestinal bacterial diversity of tilapia when fed with woody forages and how certain antimicrobial bacteria flourished under such diets. This can aid in the further exploitation of new diets and probiotic sources in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongjian Xia
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuling Gao
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Nair S, Farzan A, Weese JS, Poljak Z, Friendship RM. Effect of flavophospholipol on fecal microbiota in weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Porcine Health Manag 2020; 6:14. [PMID: 32426155 PMCID: PMC7216395 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heightened prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium remains a public health and food safety concern. Studies have reported antibiotic, flavophospholipol, may have the ability to reduce Salmonella in swine, as well as alter the gut microbiota in favour of beneficial bacteria by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the fecal microbiota of weaned pigs receiving in-feed flavophospholipol and challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. RESULTS Twenty-one weaned pigs were fed either a diet containing 4 ppm of flavophospholipol (treatment group) or a non-medicated feed (control group) for 36 days post-weaning (Day 1 to Day 36). The pigs were orally challenged with a 2 mL dose of 108 CFU/mL of S. Typhimurium at Day 7 and Day 8. Community bacterial DNA extracted from fecal samples collected at Day 6 (before challenge) and Day 36 (28 days after challenge) were used to assess the fecal microbiota using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene with Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing. Sequencing data were visualized using mothur and analyzed in JMP and R software. The fecal microbiota of pigs in the treatment group had differences in abundance of phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria) and genera (Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Treponema, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Blautia, Streptococcus, Megasphaera, Dorea, Sporobacter, Peptococcus, unclassified Firmicutes, Clostridium IV and Campylobacter) when compared to pigs that were controls, 28 days after challenge with Salmonella (P < 0.05). Specifically, results demonstrated a significant increase in phylum Proteobacteria (P = 0.001) and decrease in Firmicutes (P = 0.012) and genus Roseburia (P = 0.003) in the treated pigs suggestive of possible microbial dysbiosis. An increased abundance of genera Lactobacillus (P = 0.012) was also noted in the treated group in comparison to the control. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, it is difficult to conclude whether treatment with 4 ppm of flavophospholipol is promoting favorable indigenous bacteria in the pig microbiota as previous literature has suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Nair
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Robert M. Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
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Limbu SM, Ma Q, Zhang ML, Du ZY. High fat diet worsens the adverse effects of antibiotic on intestinal health in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 680:169-180. [PMID: 31103895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and high fat diets are commonly used independently in global aquaculture production for fish health management and to spare the use of costly protein as energy sources, respectively, causing relatively similar metabolic effects and stresses. However, it is unknown whether dietary high fat worsens or attenuates the adverse effects caused by antibiotics in fish. We determined the ability of high fat diet to influence the adverse effects of oxytetracycline on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Thirty Nile tilapia weighing 8.45 ± 0.15 g were fed on medium fat (MF; 70 g/kg) and high fat (HF; 120 g/kg) diets and the same fat levels supplemented with 2.00 g/kg diet of OTC (80 mg/kg body weight/day) hereafter, MFO and HFO for 65 days. The general growth performance, feed efficiency and intestinal health of fish were evaluated. The Nile tilapia fed on HFO diet had significantly lower growth rate, body protein content and feed efficiency compared to those fed on MFO diet. Dietary HFO affected the intestine histomorphology, which decreased dramatically the tight junction proteins of Nile tilapia and induced microbiota dysbiosis compared to MFO diet. The Nile tilapia fed on HFO diet had increased oxidative stress, which stimulated drug detoxification response, caused endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis compared to those fed on MFO diet. The new findings from our study demonstrate that, the adverse effects of antibiotics in fish are different at medium and high fat contents. Feeding fish with high fat diets with antibiotics worsen the adverse effects. This enlightens our understanding on the risks of antibiotics misuse and also suggests that antibiotics should be more strictly limited in aquaculture, in which high fat diets are currently widely used in fish production worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samwel M Limbu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Qiang Ma
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Kanvatirth P, Jeeves RE, Bacon J, Besra GS, Alderwick LJ. Utilisation of the Prestwick Chemical Library to identify drugs that inhibit the growth of mycobacteria. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213713. [PMID: 30861059 PMCID: PMC6414029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease that kills approximately 1.3 million people every year. Despite global efforts to reduce both the incidence and mortality associated with TB, the emergence of drug resistant strains has slowed any progress made towards combating the spread of this deadly disease. The current TB drug regimen is inadequate, takes months to complete and poses significant challenges when administering to patients suffering from drug resistant TB. New treatments that are faster, simpler and more affordable are urgently required. Arguably, a good strategy to discover new drugs is to start with an old drug. Here, we have screened a library of 1200 FDA approved drugs from the Prestwick Chemical library using a GFP microplate assay. Drugs were screened against GFP expressing strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG as surrogates for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB in humans. We identified several classes of drugs that displayed antimycobacterial activity against both M. smegmatis and BCG, however each organism also displayed some selectivity towards certain drug classes. Variant analysis of whole genomes sequenced for resistant mutants raised to florfenicol, vanoxerine and pentamidine highlight new pathways that could be exploited in drug repurposing programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Kanvatirth
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rose E. Jeeves
- TB Research Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Bacon
- TB Research Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luke J. Alderwick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Zhou L, Limbu SM, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang M. Influence of Long-Term Feeding Antibiotics on the Gut Health of Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2018; 15:340-348. [PMID: 29608420 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics for anti-infection and growth promotion has caused the overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture. However, the benefit or risk of the long-term use of antibiotics on fish growth or health has not been fully addressed. In the present study, zebrafish were fed with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) or oxytetracycline (OTC) at the therapeutic concentrations (100 and 80 mg/kg body weight per day, respectively) for 6 weeks to mimic the long-term use of antibiotics. The digestive enzyme activities were higher in both antibiotic treatments, and higher oxygen consumption rate was found in OTC treated group. As a result, SMX increased the weight gain of zebrafish, and OTC treatment did not show significant prompting effect on growth. The mortality was higher in SMX or OTC treated group on 2nd-4th day after exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila. Lower alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities were found in OTC treated group, while higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found in the intestine of both SMX and OTC treated zebrafish. Furthermore, feeding OTC decreased the intestinal microbial richness. This study revealed that long-term use of legal aquaculture concentrations of antibiotics caused systemic adverse effects on fish gut health; stringent policy for use of antibiotics in fish is urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- 1 Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- 1 Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China .,2 Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fang Qiao
- 1 Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- 1 Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- 1 Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University , Shanghai, China
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Maisey K, Montero R, Christodoulides M. Vaccines for piscirickettsiosis (salmonid rickettsial septicaemia, SRS): the Chile perspective. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:215-228. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1244483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Maisey
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Comparativa, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ruth Montero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Comparativa, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
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Miandare HK, Yarahmadi P, Abbasian M. Immune related transcriptional responses and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae fed on dietary probiotic PrimaLac(®). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:671-678. [PMID: 27374432 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of various levels of multi-strain probiotic on the immune related gene expression, digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, body chemical composition and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae. After transferring post-larvae of L. vannamei to indoor conditions and subsequent acclimation to laboratory condition for 14 days, the shrimp were fed multi-strain probiotic at four different doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) for eight weeks. Shrimp fed 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) probiotic PrimaLac(®) exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain, specific growth rate, body crude protein as well as lower FCR compared to other groups. Feeding on 0.5 and 1 g kg(-1) dietary multi-strain probiotic significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of body crude protein. Oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) multi-strain probiotic significantly (p < 0.05) decreased body crude lipid and body moisture respectively. 30 days after feeding, protease, amylase and lipase activity increased in groups fed 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) probiotic PrimaLac(®). However, on the 60th day, specific protease and amylase activity in all treatment groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05) but lipase activity was higher (p < 0.05) in groups fed 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) multi-strain probiotic. Oral administration of 1.0 g kg(-1) probiotic increased (p < 0.05) the level of prophenoloxidase and g-type lysozyme gene on day 30th and 60th after treatment. On day 30th and 60th, penaeidin gene expression was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In general, findings of this study demonstrated that oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0 g kg(-1) multi-strain probiotic improved the performance of the fish and increased the expression of immune related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kolangi Miandare
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran.
| | - Peyman Yarahmadi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran; Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abbasian
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Adeoye A, Jaramillo-Torres A, Fox S, Merrifield D, Davies S. Supplementation of formulated diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with selected exogenous enzymes: Overall performance and effects on intestinal histology and microbiota. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ran C, He S, Yang Y, Huang L, Zhou Z. A Novel Lipase as Aquafeed Additive for Warm-Water Aquaculture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132049. [PMID: 26147311 PMCID: PMC4492967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Acinetobacter lipase gene lipG1was cloned from DNA extracted from intestinal sample of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and expressed in E. coli BL21. The encoded protein was 406 amino acids in length. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LipG1 and its relatives comprised a novel group of true lipases produced by Gram-negative bacteria. LipG1 showed maximal activity at 40℃ and pH 8.0 when pNP decanoate (C10) was used as the substrate, and remained high activity between 20℃ and 35℃. Activity of the lipase was promoted by Ca2+ and Mg2+, and inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+. Moreover, LipG1 is stable with proteases, most commercial detergents and organic solvents. Substrate specificity test indicated that LipG1can hydrolyse pNP esters with acyl chain length from C2 to C16, with preference for medium-chain pNP esters (C8, C10). Lastly, LipG1was evaluated as an aquafeed additive for juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Results showed that supplementation of LipG1significantly improved the gut and heptaopancreas lipase activity of fish fed with palm oil diet. Consistently, improved feed conversion ratio and growth performance were recorded in the LipG1 feeding group, to levels comparable to the group of fish fed with soybean oil diet. Collectively, LipG1 exhibited good potential as an aquafeed additive enzyme, and deserves further characterization as the representative of a novel group of lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Suxu He
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Z, Xu L, Liu W, Yang Y, Du Z, Zhou Z. Effects of partially replacing dietary soybean meal or cottonseed meal with completely hydrolyzed feather meal (defatted rice bran as the carrier) on production, cytokines, adhesive gut bacteria, and disease resistance in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × Oreochromis aureus ♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:517-25. [PMID: 25304546 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We formulated experimental diets for hybrid tilapia to investigate the effects of replacing dietary soybean meal (SBM) or cottonseed meal (CSM) by completely hydrolyzed feather meal (defatted rice bran as the carrier; abbreviated as CHFM), with emphasis on fish growth, the composition of adhesive gut bacteria, intestinal and hepatic immune responses, and disease resistance. A series of four isonitrogenous (33% crude protein) and isolipidic (6% crude lipid) diets were formulated to replace the isonitrogenous percentages of CSM or SBM by 6% or 12% CHFM. Quadruplicate groups of healthy and uniformly sized hybrid tilapia were assigned to each experimental diet. Fish were hand fed three times a day for 8 weeks at a rearing temperature of 25-28 °C. The growth performance of hybrid tilapia fed diets with partial replacement of dietary SBM or CSM with CHFM was comparable to the group of fish fed the control diet. The CHFM-containing diets affected the intestinal autochthonous bacterial community in similar ways. All CHFM-containing diets stimulated the expression of heat shock protein 70 in the intestine but suppressed its expression in the liver. Only the CHFM6/SBM diet stimulated the expression of interleukin-1β in intestine, and no effects were observed in all diets to the expression of interleukin-1β in liver. Thus, regarding the immune response in the intestine and liver, CHFM is a good alternative protein source that induces less stress in the host. CHFM did not affect disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in hybrid tilapia. These data suggest that CHFM is a good alternative to partially replace SBM and CSM in tilapia feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wenshu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Ringø E, Andersen R, Sperstad S, Zhou Z, Ren P, Breines EM, Hareide E, Yttergård GJ, Opsal K, Johansen HM, Andreassen AK, Kousha A, Godfroid J, Holzapfel W. Bacterial Community of Koumiss from Mongolia Investigated by Culture and Culture-Independent Methods. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2014.964253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Thankappan B, Ramesh D, Ramkumar S, Natarajaseenivasan K, Anbarasu K. Characterization of Bacillus spp. from the gastrointestinal tract of Labeo rohita--towards to identify novel probiotics against fish pathogens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:340-53. [PMID: 25274116 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to screen and characterize endogenous microbiota Bacillus spp. from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of Labeo rohita in order to evaluate their probiotic attributes. A total of 74 isolates from the GI of L. rohita were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties by agar well-diffusion method against fish pathogens. Based on the better antibacterial features, three isolates (KADR1, KADR3, and KADR4) were selected for further delineation. The three selected isolates exhibited higher tolerance to bile salt, moderate tolerance to low pH, high surface hydrophobicity to solvents, and capable to autoaggregate. All three isolates demonstrated notable proteolytic, catalase activity and susceptibility to various antibiotics. Partial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the isolates exhibited 99 % sequence homology with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aerophilus, and Bacillus firmus of the database substantiating morphological and physiological characterization. Survivability in low pH and bile salt ensures their adaptability in the fish intestinal microenvironment. The ability to autoaggregate reveals colonization potential in the GI of the fish. Absence of hemolytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility to certain antibiotics, presence of protease and catalase activity, and non-pathogenic caliber of the above-mentioned isolates could be feasible characteristics when considering them as probiotics in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bency Thankappan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
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Llewellyn MS, Boutin S, Hoseinifar SH, Derome N. Teleost microbiomes: the state of the art in their characterization, manipulation and importance in aquaculture and fisheries. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:207. [PMID: 24917852 PMCID: PMC4040438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous microbiota play a critical role in the lives of their vertebrate hosts. In human and mouse models it is increasingly clear that innate and adaptive immunity develop in close concert with the commensal microbiome. Furthermore, several aspects of digestion and nutrient metabolism are governed by intestinal microbiota. Research on teleosts has responded relatively slowly to the introduction of massively parallel sequencing procedures in microbiomics. Nonetheless, progress has been made in biotic and gnotobiotic zebrafish models, defining a core microbiome and describing its role in development. However, microbiome research in other teleost species, especially those important from an aquaculture perspective, has been relatively slow. In this review, we examine progress in teleost microbiome research to date. We discuss teleost microbiomes in health and disease, microbiome ontogeny, prospects for successful microbiome manipulation (especially in an aquaculture setting) and attempt to identify important future research themes. We predict an explosion in research in this sector in line with the increasing global demand for fish protein, and the need to find sustainable approaches to improve aquaculture yield. The reduced cost and increasing ease of next generation sequencing technologies provides the technological backing, and the next 10 years will be an exciting time for teleost microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Llewellyn
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada ; Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, UK
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
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Banerjee G, Ray AK, Askarian F, Ringø E. Characterisation and identification of enzyme-producing autochthonous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of two Indian air-breathing fish. Benef Microbes 2014; 4:277-84. [PMID: 23685371 DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Characterisation and identification of autochthonous enzyme-producing bacteria isolated from the proximal intestine and distal intestine of two species of Indian air-breathing fish, murrel (Channa punctatus) and stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), were investigated using conventional culture technique. Population levels of proteolytic strains were highest in the digestive tract of stinging catfish. In both species, the viable counts of amylase-producing bacteria were somewhat higher than cellulase-producing bacteria. Among the gut bacteria isolated, 8 strains (4 from murrel and 4 from stinging catfish) were selected as potent enzyme-producers on the basis of quantitative enzyme assays. All these strains were Gram-positive rods, but only four isolates (CPF4, CPH6, CPH7 and HFH4) were capable of forming endospores. The tested bacteria grew in wide range of temperatures and pH. The strains were further identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Two strains, CPF3 (isolated from murrel) and HFH4 (isolated from stinging catfish) showed high similarity to Bacillus sp., strain HFH7 (isolated from the stinging catfish) was most closely related to Bacillus subtilis, while five strains belonged to Bacillus licheniformis. Based on the results of the present study, we suggest that incorporation of autochthonous enzyme-producing bacteria in aquafeeds merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Banerjee
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India
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Martins A, Guimarães L, Guilhermino L. Chronic toxicity of the veterinary antibiotic florfenicol to Daphnia magna assessed at two temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:1022-32. [PMID: 24096010 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that temperature variation is able to modify the chronic toxicity of the antibiotic florfenicol (FLO) to Daphnia magna was tested in the present study. Twenty-one day laboratory bioassays were carried out at 20 and 25 °C. FLO concentrations and its potential decay during the assays were checked by spectrophotometry. At 20 °C, FLO significantly reduced the D. magna somatic growth (≥1.6 mg/L) and impaired its reproduction (EC₂₀=6.9 mg/L; EC₅₀=7.6 mg/L), with the population growth rate becoming negative at 12.6 mg/L. At 25 °C, the EC values were lower (1.7 and 1.9 mg/L, respectively) than at 20 °C, as well as the lowest exposure concentration causing a negative population growth rate (3.1 mg/L). These results clearly indicate that temperature raise from 20 to 25 °C was able to modify the FLO toxicity. Therefore, more studies on the combined effects of temperature changes and environmental contaminants are needed to improve the basis for ecological risk assessment, environmental and human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martins
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, Department of Populations Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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He S, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Cao Y, Meng K, Shi P, Yao B, Ringø E. Do dietary betaine and the antibiotic florfenicol influence the intestinal autochthonous bacterial community in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × O. aureus ♂)? World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:785-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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