1
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Chinnadurai V, Govindasamy C. L-Asparaginase producing ability of Aspergillus species isolated from tapioca root soil and optimized ideal growth parameters for L-Asparaginase production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119543. [PMID: 38964574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This research was designed to isolate the predominant L-asparaginase-producing fungus from rhizosphere soil of tapioca field and assess the suitable growth conditions required to produce maximum L-asparaginase activity. The Aspergillus tubingensis was identified as a predominant L-asparaginase producing fungal isolate from 15 isolates, and it was characterized by 18S rRNA sequencing. The L-asparaginase-producing activity was confirmed by pink color zone formation around the colonies in modified Czapek Dox agar plate supplemented with 1% L-Asparagine. The optimal growth conditions required for the L-asparaginase production by A. tubingensis were optimized as pH 6.0, temperature 30 °C, glucose as carbon source, 1.5% of L-Asparagine, ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source, rice husk as natural L-Asparagine enriched source, and 8 days of the incubation period. The L-Asparaginase activity from A. tubingensis was excellent under these optimal growth conditions. It significantly used rice husk as an alternative to synthetic L-Asparagine. As a result, this may be considered a sustainable method of converting organic waste into valuable raw material for microbial enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajjiram Chinnadurai
- Department of Botany, Sri Vidya Mandir Arts and Science (Autonomous), Katteri, Uthangarai, 636902, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh - 11433, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhang W, Dai Q, Huang Z, Xu W. Identification and Thermostability Modification of the Mesophilic L-asparaginase from Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3387-3401. [PMID: 37656355 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase, E.C.3.5.1.1) could effectively inhibit the formation of acrylamide (AA) by hydrolyzing the AA precursor L-asparagine. However, most of the L-ASNases showed a relatively weak thermostability, posing a big threat on the application of enzyme at high processing temperatures. Here, the recombinant L-ASNase from mesophilic bacteria Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus was identified for the first time. The recombinant enzyme exhibited its optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 60 ℃. Additionally, the thermostability of L. secaliphilus L-ASNase was enhanced by site-directed mutagenesis after multiple sequence alignment. Ten mutants were reasonably constructed, among which the single-point mutants L24Y, S55T, and V155S showed more than 1 ℃ elevated Tm value compared to the wild-type enzyme. In addition, the half-life of mutant at 40, 50, and 55 ℃ was 376.7 min, 62.1 min, and 18.7 min, much higher than that of wild-type enzyme. The molecular dynamic simulation showed that compared to the wild-type enzyme, the structural stability of V155S was greatly strengthened due to the lower RMSF and RMSD value as well as a decreased total energy compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. The results were positive and provided some useful information for the thermostability modification of L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyu Dai
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ateş B, Ulu A, Asiltürk M, Noma SAA, Topel SD, Dik G, Özhan O, Bakar B, Yıldız A, Vardı N, Parlakpınar H. Enhancement of enzyme activity by laser-induced energy propulsion of upconverting nanoparticles under near-infrared light: A comprehensive methodology for in vitro and in vivo applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129343. [PMID: 38242401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
If the appropriate immobilization method and carrier support are not selected, partial decreases in the activity of enzymes may occur after immobilization. Herein, to overcome this challenge, an excitation mechanism that enables energy transfer was proposed. Modified upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were constructed and the important role of near-infrared (NIR) excitation in enhancing the catalytic activity of the enzyme was demonstrated. For this purpose, UCNPs were first synthesized via the hydrothermal method, functionalized with isocyanate groups, and then, PEG-L-ASNase was immobilized via covalent binding. UCNPs with and without PEG-L-ASNase were extensively characterized by different methods. These supports had immobilization yield and activity efficiency of >96 % and 78 %, respectively. Moreover, immobilized enzymes exhibited improved pH, thermal, and storage stability. In addition, they retained >65 % of their initial activity even after 20 catalytic cycles. Biochemical and histological findings did not indicate a trend of toxicity in rats due to UCNPs. Most importantly, PEG-L-ASNase activity was triggered approximately 5- and 2-fold under in vitro and in vivo conditions, respectively. Overall, it is anticipated that this pioneering work will shed new light on the realistic and promising usage of NIR-excited UCNPs for the immobilization of enzymes in expensive and extensive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Ateş
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye.
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye.
| | - Meltem Asiltürk
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Samir Abbas Ali Noma
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Seda Demirel Topel
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Dik
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Onural Özhan
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, İnönü University, 44210 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Büşra Bakar
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Azibe Yıldız
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, İnönü University, 44210 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Nigar Vardı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, İnönü University, 44210 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Parlakpınar
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, İnönü University, 44210 Malatya, Türkiye
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4
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Sliwiak J, Worsztynowicz P, Pokrywka K, Loch JI, Grzechowiak M, Jaskolski M. Biochemical characterization of L-asparaginase isoforms from Rhizobium etli-the boosting effect of zinc. Front Chem 2024; 12:1373312. [PMID: 38456185 PMCID: PMC10917881 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1373312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginases, divided into three structural Classes, catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. The members of Class 3, ReAIV and ReAV, encoded in the genome of the nitrogen fixing Rhizobium etli, have the same fold, active site, and quaternary structure, despite low sequence identity. In the present work we examined the biochemical consequences of this difference. ReAIV is almost twice as efficient as ReAV in asparagine hydrolysis at 37°C, with the kinetic KM, kcat parameters (measured in optimal buffering agent) of 1.5 mM, 770 s-1 and 2.1 mM, 603 s-1, respectively. The activity of ReAIV has a temperature optimum at 45°C-55°C, whereas the activity of ReAV, after reaching its optimum at 37°C, decreases dramatically at 45°C. The activity of both isoforms is boosted by 32 or 56%, by low and optimal concentration of zinc, which is bound three times more strongly by ReAIV then by ReAV, as reflected by the KD values of 1.2 and 3.3 μM, respectively. We also demonstrate that perturbation of zinc binding by Lys→Ala point mutagenesis drastically decreases the enzyme activity but also changes the mode of response to zinc. We also examined the impact of different divalent cations on the activity, kinetics, and stability of both isoforms. It appeared that Ni2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ have the potential to inhibit both isoforms in the following order (from the strongest to weakest inhibitors) Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+. ReAIV is more sensitive to Cu2+ and Cd2+, while ReAV is more sensitive to Hg2+ and Ni2+, as revealed by IC50 values, melting scans, and influence on substrate specificity. Low concentration of Cd2+ improves substrate specificity of both isoforms, suggesting its role in substrate recognition. The same observation was made for Hg2+ in the case of ReAIV. The activity of the ReAV isoform is less sensitive to Cl- anions, as reflected by the IC50 value for NaCl, which is eightfold higher for ReAV relative to ReAIV. The uncovered complementary properties of the two isoforms help us better understand the inducibility of the ReAV enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sliwiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Pokrywka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna I. Loch
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Grzechowiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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5
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Kumar V, Kumar R, Sharma S, Shah A, Chaturvedi CP, Verma D. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel thermo-acidophilic l-asparaginase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:54. [PMID: 38282912 PMCID: PMC10808081 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, a soil isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4 was used for retrieving the l-asparaginase encoding gene (Asn_PA) of size 1089 bp. The gene was successfully cloned into the pET28a (+) vector and expressed into E. coli BL21(DE3) for characterization of the protein. The recombinant rAsn_PA enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA2+ resins. Molecular weight analysis using SDS-PAGE unveiled rAsn_PA as a monomeric protein of molecular weight ~ 35 kDa. On characterization, the recombinant rAsn_PA showed optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively, along with significant stability at 50-70 °C, along with 50% residual activity at 80 °C after 3 h of incubation. Similarly, the rAsn_PA exhibited asparaginase activity over a broad pH range between 4 and 8. The enzyme was not significantly inhibited in the presence of detergents. The rAsn_PA was grouped into the asparaginase-glutaminase family II due to the glutaminase activity. The purified rAsn_PA showed antitumor activity by exhibiting a cytotoxic effect on three different cell lines, where IC50 of purified rAsn_PA was 2.3 IU, 3.7 IU, and 20.5 IU for HL-60, MOLM-13, and K-562 cell lines, respectively. Thus, recombinant rAsn_PA of P. aeruginosa CSPS4 may also be explored as an antitumor agent after reducing or minimizing the glutaminase activity. Thermo-acidophilic properties of rAsn_PA make it a novel enzyme that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities (Faculty of Technology), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities (Faculty of Technology), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
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6
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Chakraborty M, Shivakumar S. Application of sequential design for enhanced L-asparaginase synthesis from Ganoderma australe GPC191. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:85. [PMID: 38296867 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
With an increasing demand for L-asparaginase in pharmaceutical and food sectors for its cytostatic and acrylamide-reducing qualities, there's a need to discover novel, highly productive enzyme sources with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Keeping this in mind, the present study aimed at maximizing the potential of Ganoderma australe GPC191 to produce L-asparaginase by fermentation medium optimization using statistical validation. Of the 11 physicochemical parameters evaluated under submerged fermentation conditions through one-factor-at-a-time approach and Plackett-Burman design, only four parameters (inoculum load, L-asparagine, soybean meal, and initial pH) influenced L-asparaginase production, significantly (p < 0.001). The optimal levels and interaction effects of these on the overall production were further evaluated by the central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology. Post-optimization, 27.34 U/mL was predicted as the maximum activity at pH 7 with 5n inoculum load and 15 g/L each of L-asparagine and soybean meal. Experimental validation yielded an activity of 28.52 U/mL, indicating an overall 18.17-fold increase from the unoptimized stage. To our knowledge, this is the first report signifying the L-asparaginase production aptitude of G. australe with sequential statistical validation using agricultural waste, which can serve as a model to enhance its yields, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology and Botany, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560027, India
| | - Srividya Shivakumar
- School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences (SAHS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.
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7
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Baluchi A, Homaei A. Immobilization of l-asparaginase on chitosan nanoparticles for the purpose of long-term application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128655. [PMID: 38065449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Asparaginase holds significant commercial value as an enzyme in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study examined the optimum and practical use of the l-asparaginase derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa HR03. Specifically, the study focused on the effectiveness of the stabilized enzyme when applied to chitosan nanoparticles. The structure, size, and morphology of chitosan nanoparticles were evaluated in relation to the immobilization procedure. This assessment involved the use of several analytical techniques, including FT-IR, DLS, SEM, TEM, and EDS analysis. Subsequently, the durability of the enzyme that has been stabilized was assessed by evaluating its effectiveness under extreme temperatures of 60 and 70 °C, as well as at pH values of 3 and 12. The findings indicate that incorporating chitosan nanoparticles led to enhanced immobilization of the l-asparaginase enzyme. This improvement was observed in terms of long-term stability, stability under crucial temperature and pH conditions, as well as thermal stability. In addition, the optimum temperature increased from 40 to 50 °C, and the optimum pH increased from 8 to 9. Enzyme immobilization led to an increase in Km and a decrease in kcat compared to its free counterpart. Because of its enhanced long-term stability, l-asparaginase immobilization on chitosan nanoparticles may be a potential choice for use in industries that rely on l-asparaginase enzymes, particularly the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshe Baluchi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran.
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Shafqat I, Shahzad S, Yasmin A, Chaudhry MT, Ahmed S, Javed A, Afzal I, Bibi M. Characterization and applications of glutaminase free L-asparaginase from indigenous Bacillus halotolerans ASN9. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288620. [PMID: 38015853 PMCID: PMC10683992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a versatile anticancer and acrylamide reduction enzyme predominantly used in medical and food industries. However, the high specificity of L-asparaginase formulations for glutamine, low thermostability, and blood clearance are the major disadvantages. Present study describes production, characterization, and applications of glutaminase free extracellular L-asparaginase from indigenous Bacillus halotolerans ASN9 isolated from soil sample. L-asparaginase production was optimized in M9 medium (containing 0.2% sucrose and 1% L-asparagine) that yielded maximum L-ASNase with a specific activity of 256 U mg-1 at pH 6 and 37°C. L-asparaginase was purified through acetone precipitation and Sephadex G-100 column, yielding 48.9 and 24% recovery, respectively. Enzyme kinetics revealed a Vmax of 466 mM min-1 and Km of 0.097 mM. Purified L-ASNase showed no activity against glutamine. The purified glutaminase free L-ASNase has a molecular mass of 60 kDa and an optimum specific activity of 3083 U mg-1 at pH 7 and 37°C. The enzyme retains its activity and stability over a wide range of pH and temperature, in the presence of selected protein inhibitors (SDS, β-mercaptoethanol), CoCl2, KCl, and NaCl. The enzyme also exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (IC50 value 70.7 μg mL-1) and anticancer activity against U87 human malignant glioma (IC50 55 μg mL-1) and Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma (IC50 37 μg mL-1) cell lines. Normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) had greater than 80% cell viability with purified L-ASNase indicating its least cytotoxicity against normal cells. The present work identified potent glutaminase free L-ASNase from B. halotolerans ASN9 that performs well in a wide range of environmental conditions indicating its suitability for various commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Shafqat
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Safia Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Afzal
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Monaza Bibi
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Osama S, El-Sherei MM, Al-Mahdy DA, Bishr M, Salama O, Raafat MM. Optimization and characterization of antileukemic L-asparaginase produced by Fusarium solani endophyte. AMB Express 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 37702815 PMCID: PMC10499768 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an antileukemic enzyme that hydrolyzes L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia, causing cell starvation and apoptosis in susceptible leukemic cell populations. Currently, L-asparaginase obtained from bacterial sources is constrained by several issues, including lesser productivity, stability, selectivity, and higher toxicity. The goal of this study is to provide fungal L-asparaginase with in-vitro effectiveness towards different human carcinomas. L-asparaginase from endophytic Fusarium solani (Gene Bank accession number MW209717) isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Hedera helix L. was characterized and optimized experimentally for maximum L-asparaginase production in addition to evaluating its subsequent cytotoxicity towards acute monocytic leukemia and human skin fibroblast cell lines. The enzyme production was maximized using potato dextrose media (15.44 IU/ml/hr) at the 5th and 6th days of fermentation with incubation temperature 30 °C, 3% asparagine, 150-180 rpm agitation rate and a 250 ml flask. Enzyme characterization studies revealed that the enzyme maintained its thermal stability with temperatures up to 60 °C. However, its optimal activity was achieved at 35 °C. On measuring the enzymatic activity at various temperatures and different pH, maximum enzyme activity was recorded at 40 °C and pH 8 using 0.1 M asparagine concentration. Results also revealed promising cytotoxic activity against acute monocytic leukemia with IC50 = 3.66 µg/ml and low cytotoxicity against tested normal human skin fibroblast cell line which suggested that it might have selective toxicity, and consequently it could be used as a less toxic alternative to the current formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Osama
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moshera M El-Sherei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Al-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mokhtar Bishr
- Arab Company for Pharmaceuticals and Medicinal Plants (Mepaco), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Salama
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Raafat
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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10
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Parashiva J, Nuthan BR, Rakshith D, Santhosh CR, Narendra Kumar HK, Satish S. Insights into diversity and L-asparaginase activity of fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plant Grewia hirsuta. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1573-1587. [PMID: 37480457 PMCID: PMC10484854 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is used as one of the prime chemotherapeutic agents to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The present work aimed to study the endophytic fungal diversity of Grewia hirsuta and their ability to produce L-asparaginase. A total of 1575 culturable fungal endophytes belonging to four classes, Agaricomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes, were isolated. The isolates were grouped into twenty-one morphotypes based on their morphological characteristics. Representative species from each group were identified based on their microscopic characteristics and evaluation of the ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Most of the fungal endophytes were recovered from the leaves compared to other plant parts. Diaporthe sp. was the predominant genus with a colonization frequency of 8.62%. Shannon-Wiener index for diversity ranged from 2.74 to 2.88. All the plant parts showed similar Simpson's index values, indicating a uniform species diversity. Among the sixty-three fungal endophytes screened, thirty-two were identified as L-asparaginase-producing isolates. The enzyme activities of fungal endophytes estimated by the nesslerization method were found to be in the range of 4.65-0.27 IU/mL with Fusarium foetens showing maximum enzyme activity of 4.65 IU/mL. This study for the first time advocates the production of L-asparaginase from Fusarium foetens along with the endophytic fungal community composition of Grewia hirsuta. The results indicate that the fungal endophyte Fusarium foetens isolated in the present study could be a potent source of L-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaraiah Parashiva
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - Bettadapura Rameshgowda Nuthan
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
- Department of Microbiology, Maharani's Science College for Women, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 005, India
| | - Devaraju Rakshith
- Department of Microbiology, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 005, India
| | - Chandagalu Ramesh Santhosh
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | | | - Sreedharamurthy Satish
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India.
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11
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Rincón Reyes DF, Padilla Agudelo JL, Pinilla da Silva AI, Ortega Quintero DM, Valencia Libreros DL, Contreras Acosta AD, Gutiérrez Triana JA. An acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell-based preclinical assay revealed functional differences between commercial brands of L-asparaginase administered in Colombia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30199. [PMID: 36633223 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an essential component of chemotherapy strategies due to its differential action between normal and leukemic cells. Recently, concerns about the efficiency of commercial formulations administered in developing countries have been reported, and available methods have limitations for directly determining the quality of the formulation of the medications. PROCEDURE We developed a cell-based protocol to analyze the activity of different L-ASNase formulations used in Colombia to induce apoptosis of the NALM-6 cell line after 24, 48, and 72 hours, using flow cytometry. Then we compared results and determined the statistically significant differences. RESULTS Three statistically different groups, ranging from full to no activity against leukemic cells, using 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 IU/ml concentrations, were identified. Group 1 (asparaginase codified [ASA]2-4) exhibited very low to no activity against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells. Group 2 (ASA6) exhibited intermediate-level activity, and group 3 (ASA1 and ASA5) exhibited high activity. CONCLUSIONS Differences found between the therapeutic formulations of L-ASNase distributed in Colombia raise concerns about the quality of the treatment administered to patients in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we recommend a preclinical evaluation of formulations of L-ASNase in order to prevent therapeutical impacts on the outcome of ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernando Rincón Reyes
- Immunology and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (GIEM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - José Luis Padilla Agudelo
- Immunology and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (GIEM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Andrea Isabel Pinilla da Silva
- Immunology and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (GIEM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Ortega Quintero
- Immunology and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (GIEM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Clinical Laboratory, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | - José Arturo Gutiérrez Triana
- Immunology and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group (GIEM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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12
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C. F. Nunes J, Almeida MR, de Paiva GB, Pedrolli DB, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Neves MC, Freire MG, P. M. Tavares A. A flow-through strategy using supported ionic liquids for L-asparaginase purification. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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13
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Sánchez-Moguel I, Costa-Silva TA, Pillaca-Pullo OS, Flores-Santos JC, Freire RKB, Carretero G, da Luz Bueno J, Camacho-Córdova DI, Santos JH, Sette LD, Pessoa-Jr A. Antarctic yeasts as a source of L-asparaginase: characterization of a glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase from psychrotolerant yeast Leucosporidium scottii L115. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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14
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Darnal S, Patial V, Kumar V, Kumar S, Kumar V, Padwad YS, Singh D. Biochemical characterization of extremozyme L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 for therapeutics. AMB Express 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 36828987 PMCID: PMC9958223 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) from microbial sources is a commercially vital enzyme to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the side effects associated with the commercial formulations of L-ASNases intrigued to explore for efficient and desired pharmacological enzymatic features. Here, we report the biochemical and cytotoxic evaluation of periplasmic L-ASNase of Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 isolated from the soil of Betula utilis, the Himalayan birch. L-ASNase production from wild-type PCH199 was enhanced by 2.2-fold using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Increased production of periplasmic L-ASNase was obtained using an optimized osmotic shock method followed by its purification. The purified L-ASNase was a monomer of 37.0 kDa with optimum activity at pH 8.5 and 60 ℃. It also showed thermostability retaining 100.0% (200 min) and 90.0% (70 min) of the activity at 37 and 50 ℃, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme were 0.164 ± 0.009 mM and 54.78 ± 0.4 U/mg, respectively. L-ASNase was cytotoxic to the K562 blood cancer cell line (IC50 value 0.309 U/mL) within 24 h resulting in apoptotic nuclear morphological changes as examined by DAPI staining. Therefore, the dynamic functionality in a wide range of pH and temperature and stability of PCH199 L-ASNase at 37 ℃ with cytotoxic potential proves to be pharmaceutically important for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Darnal
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Vijeta Patial
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Virender Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Subhash Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Yogendra S. Padwad
- grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India ,grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XDietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Molecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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15
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Pesce F, Ponzo V, Mazzitelli D, Varetto P, Bo S, Saguy IS. Strategies to Reduce Acrylamide Formation During Food Processing Focusing on Cereals, Children and Toddler Consumption: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2164896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pesce
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Mazzitelli
- Department of Reseach and Development, Soremartec Italia Srl, Alba, CN, Italy
| | - Paolo Varetto
- Department of Reseach and Development, Soremartec Italia Srl, Alba, CN, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - I. Sam Saguy
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Immobilization of recombinant L-asparaginase from Geobacillus kaustophilus on magnetic MWCNT-nickel composites. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Yap LS, Lee WL, Ting ASY. Bioprocessing and purification of extracellular L-asparaginase produced by endophytic Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its anticancer activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36137173 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2122064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an enzyme commonly used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Commercialized bacterial L-asparaginase has been reported to cause several life-threatening complications during treatment, hence the need to seek alternative sources of L-asparaginase. In this study, the novelty of upstream and downstream bioprocessing of L-asparaginase from a fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and the cytotoxicity evaluation was demonstrated. Six variables (carbon source and concentration, nitrogen source and concentration, incubation period, temperature, pH and agitation rate) known to influence L-asparaginase production were studied using One-Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) approach, with four significant variables further optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The crude extract produced using optimized condition was purified, characterized and examined for its anticancer effect. Purification of fungal L-asparaginase was performed via ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography, which are less common techniques. The protein profile and monomeric weight of L-asparaginase were determined using SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Cytotoxicity of purified L-asparaginase on leukemic Jurkat E6 and oral carcinoma cells were studied using MTS assay for 24 h and 48 h. OFAT results from optimization showed that glucose and L-asparagine concentrations, incubation period and temperature, were significant factors affecting L-asparaginase production by C. gloeosporioides. RSM analysis further evidence the significant interaction between glucose and L-asparagine concentrations in inducing L-asparaginase production. Purified L-asparaginase was profiled with specific activity of 255.02 IU/mg protein, purification fold of 6.12, and 34.63% of enzyme recovery. SDS and Western blot revealed that the purified L-asparaginase might be a tetramer with monomeric units of 25 kDa. Purified L-asparaginase was discovered to be more efficient against Jurkat leukemic cells than against H103 oral carcinoma cells, as lower IC50 value was observed for Jurkat cell lines (46 .36 ± 1.52 µg/mL for Jurkat and 125.56 ± 7.28 µg/mL for H103). In short, purified L-asparaginase derived from endophytic C. gloeosporioides showed high purity and significant anticancer effect toward cancer cells. This study therefore demonstrated the potential of fungal L-asparaginase as alternative chemotherapy drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sze Yap
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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18
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Chi H, Xia B, Shen J, Zhu X, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhu P. Characterization of a novel and glutaminase-free type II L-asparaginase from Corynebacterium glutamicum and its acrylamide alleviation efficiency in potato chips. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1384-1393. [PMID: 36130640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type II L-asparaginase as a pivotal enzyme agent has been applied to treating for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and efficient mitigation of acrylamide formed in fried and baked foods. However, low activity, narrow range of pH stability, as well as undesirable glutaminase activity hinder the applications of this enzyme. In our work, A novel type II L-asparaginase (CgASNase) from Corynebacterium glutamicum with molecular mass of about 35 kDa was chosen to express in E. coli. CgASNase shared only 27 % structural identity with the reported L-asparaginase from Helicobacter pylori. The purified CgASNase showed the highest specific activity of 1979.08 IU mg-1 to L-asparagine, compared with reported type II ASNases in the literature. CgASNase displayed superior stability at a wide pH range from 5.0 to 11.0, and retained about 76 % of its activity at 30 °C for 30 min. The kinetic parameters Km (Michaelis constant), kcat (turnover number), and kcat/Km (catalytic efficiency) values of 4.66 mM, 79,697.40 min-1, and 17,102.45 mM-1 min-1, respectively. More importantly, CgASNase exhibited strict substrate specificity towards L-asparagine, no detectable activity to l-glutamine. To explore its ability to catalyze L-asparagine, CgASNase was supplied in frying potato chips, which produced the fries with 84 % less acrylamide content compared with no supply. These findings suggest that CgASNase presents excellent properties for chemotherapy against diseases and great potential in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibing Chi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingjie Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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19
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Selection and Optimization of Medium Components for the Efficient Production of L-Asparaginase by Leucosporidium scottii L115—A Psychrotolerant Yeast. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the production of L-asparaginase (ASNase), an enzyme mainly used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, by Leucosporidiumscottii L115, a psychrotolerant yeast isolated from the Antarctic ecosystem. Focus was given to select the most appropriate medium components able to maximize the enzyme production by this yeast, as a first step for the development of a new process to produce ASNase. By combining knowledge in bioprocesses, statistical analysis and modeling, the medium composition that most favored enzyme production was established, which consisted of using a mixture of sucrose (28.34 g L−1) and glycerol (15.61 g L−1) as carbon sources, supplemented with proline (6.15 g L−1) and the following salts (g L−1): KCl, 0.52; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.52; CuNO3·3H2O, 0.001; ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.001; and FeSO4·7H2O, 0.001. By using this medium, enzyme production of 2850 U L−1 (productivity of 23.75 U L−1 h−1) was obtained, which represented a 28-fold increase in enzyme production per gram of cells (178 U gdcw−1) when compared to the control (non-optimized medium), and a 50-fold increase when compared to a reference medium used for ASNase production.
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20
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Aliivibrio fischeri L-Asparaginase production by engineered Bacillus subtilis: a potential new biopharmaceutical. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1635-1644. [PMID: 35974197 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme applied in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. However, an innovative L-ASNase with high yield and lower side effects than the commercially available preparations are still a market requirement. Here, a new-engineered Bacillus subtilis strain was evaluated for Aliivibrio fischeri L-ASNase II production, being the bioprocess development and the enzyme characterization studied. The pBS0E plasmid replicative in Bacillus sp and containing PxylA promoter inducible by xylose and its repressive molecule sequence (XylR) was used for the genetic modification. Initially, cultivations were carried out in orbital shaker, and then the process was scaled up to stirred tank bioreactor (STB). After the bioprocess, the cells were recovered and submitted to ultrasound sonication for cells disruption and intracellular enzyme recovery. The enzymatic extract was characterized to assess its biochemical, kinetic and thermal properties using L-Asparagine and L-Glutamine as substrates. The results indicated the potential enzyme production in STB achieving L-ASNase activity up to 1.539 U mL-1. The enzymatic extract showed an optimum pH of 7.5, high L-Asparagine affinity (Km = 1.2275 mmol L-1) and low L-Glutaminase activity (0.568-0.738 U mL-1). In addition, thermal inactivation was analyzed by two different Kinect models to elucidate inactivation mechanisms, low kinetic thermal inactivation constants for 25 ºC and 37 ºC (0.128 and 0.148 h-1, respectively) indicate an elevated stability. The findings herein show that the produced recombinant L-ASNase has potential to be applied for pharmaceutical purposes.
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21
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Darvishi F, Jahanafrooz Z, Mokhtarzadeh A. Microbial L-asparaginase as a promising enzyme for treatment of various cancers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5335-5347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Bioprospection of l-asparaginase producing microorganisms and cloning of the l-asparaginase type II gene from a Pseudomonas putida species group isolate. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Raghav D, Jyoti A, Siddiqui AJ, Saxena J. Plant associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:287-310. [PMID: 35396804 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfill their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation, and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Further, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Raghav
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
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24
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Al-Hazmi NE, Naguib DM. Plant asparaginase versus microbial asparaginase as anticancer agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27283-27293. [PMID: 34978032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The considerable effect of enzymes on human health draws great attention to enzyme-based drugs (therapeutic enzymes), in recent times. L-asparaginase (ASNase) is a well-known therapeutic enzyme. It has varied applications and is a single molecule for the treatment of multiple diseases. This study tries to extract asparaginase from soybean debris (agricultural wastes) as a cheap plant source and compare this with microbial asparaginase as an agent in cancer chemotherapy. The asparaginase was extracted and purified from soybean debris (plant asparaginase) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (microbial asparaginase), then the physiochemical characters were determined for the two enzymes, and the anticancer activity of plant and microbial asparaginase was determined against gastric cancer (CLS-145), pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1), colon cancer (HCT116), esophagus cancer (KYSE-410), liver cancer (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF-7), and cervical cancer (HELLA). The results showed that plant asparaginase was superior to microbial asparaginase in its physiochemical characters. Plant asparaginase showed higher stability and activity under the conditions of changing either the temperature or the pH; also plant asparaginase has a higher affinity to the asparagine than the microbial asparaginase; besides, this plant asparaginase did not show activity with glutamine as a substrate. The plant asparaginase showed higher anticancer activity than that of microbial asparaginase against all studied cancer cell lines. The present study introduces as the first time a comparative study between the plant and microbial asparaginase which proves that soybean debris asparaginase can be more efficient and safe than that of the microbial asparaginase as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biology (Microbiology), University College of Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deyala M Naguib
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Qilwah, Albaha University, Qilwah, Saudi Arabia.
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25
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Wang N, Ji W, Wang L, Wu W, Zhang W, Wu Q, Du W, Bai H, Peng B, Ma B, Li L. Overview of the structure, side effects, and activity assays of l-asparaginase as a therapy drug of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:117-128. [PMID: 35308022 PMCID: PMC8864486 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (l-ASNase is the abbreviation, l-asparagine aminohydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that is clinically employed as an antitumor agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although l-ASNase is known to deplete l-asparagine (l-Asn), causing cytotoxicity in leukemia cells, the specific molecular signaling pathways are not well defined. Because of the deficiencies in the production and administration of current formulations, the l-ASNase agent in clinical use is still associated with serious side effects, so controlling its dose and activity monitoring during therapy is crucial for improving the treatment success rate. Accordingly, it is urgent to summarize and develop effective analytical methods to detect l-ASNase activity in treatment. However, current reports on these detection methods are fragmented and also have not been systematically summarized and classified, thereby not only delaying the investigations of specific molecular mechanisms, but also hindering the development of novel detection methods. Herein, in this review, we provided a detailed summary of the l-ASNase structures, antitumor mechanism and side effects, and current detection approaches, such as fluorescence assays, colorimetric assays, spectroscopic assays and some other assays. All of them possess unique advantages and disadvantages, so it has been difficult to establish clear criteria for clinical application. We hope that this review will be of some value in promoting the development of l-ASNase activity detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Wanxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211800China
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Wan MC, Qin W, Lei C, Li QH, Meng M, Fang M, Song W, Chen JH, Tay F, Niu LN. Biomaterials from the sea: Future building blocks for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4255-4285. [PMID: 33997505 PMCID: PMC8102716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials. The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms. This field is rapidly evolving. Marine biomaterials experience several periods of discovery and development ranging from coralline bone graft to polysaccharide-based biomaterials. The latter are represented by chitin and chitosan, marine-derived collagen, and composites of different organisms of marine origin. The diversity of marine natural products, their properties and applications are discussed thoroughly in the present review. These materials are easily available and possess excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and potent bioactive characteristics. Important applications of marine biomaterials include medical applications, antimicrobial agents, drug delivery agents, anticoagulants, rehabilitation of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, bone diseases and diabetes, as well as comestible, cosmetic and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-chen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Chen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Qi-hong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Dongda Street, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Ming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Franklin Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, PR China
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Villanueva-Flores F, Zárate-Romero A, Torres AG, Huerta-Saquero A. Encapsulation of Asparaginase as a Promising Strategy to Improve In Vivo Drug Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1965. [PMID: 34834379 PMCID: PMC8625962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase (ASNase) is a widely applied chemotherapeutic drug that is used to treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL); however, immune responses and silent inactivation of the drug often limit its bioavailability. Many strategies have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks, including the development of improved formulations (biobetters), but only two of them are currently on the market. Nano- and micro-encapsulation are some of the most promising and novel approaches to enhance in vivo performance of ASNase, preventing the direct contact of the enzyme with the environment, protecting it from protease degradation, increasing the enzymes catalytic half-life, and in some cases, reducing immunogenicity. This review summarizes the strategies, particularly for ASNase nano- and micro-encapsulation, and their main findings, constraints, and current gaps in the state-of-the-art knowledge. The pros and cons of the use of different nanocarriers are discussed with the idea to ultimately provide safer and more effective treatments for patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villanueva-Flores
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
| | - Andrés Zárate-Romero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
| | - Alejandro Huerta-Saquero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
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Almeida MR, Cristóvão RO, Barros MA, Nunes JCF, Boaventura RAR, Loureiro JM, Faria JL, Neves MC, Freire MG, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Tavares APM, Silva CG. Superior operational stability of immobilized L-asparaginase over surface-modified carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21529. [PMID: 34728685 PMCID: PMC8563809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase, EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the L-asparagine hydrolysis into L-aspartic acid and ammonia, being mainly applied in pharmaceutical and food industries. However, some disadvantages are associated with its free form, such as the ASNase short half-life, which may be overcome by enzyme immobilization. In this work, the immobilization of ASNase by adsorption over pristine and modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated, the latter corresponding to functionalized MWCNTs through a hydrothermal oxidation treatment. Different operating conditions, including pH, contact time and ASNase/MWCNT mass ratio, as well as the operational stability of the immobilized ASNase, were evaluated. For comparison purposes, data regarding the ASNase immobilization with pristine MWCNT was detailed. The characterization of the ASNase-MWCNT bioconjugate was addressed using different techniques, namely Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. Functionalized MWCNTs showed promising results, with an immobilization yield and a relative recovered activity of commercial ASNase above 95% under the optimized adsorption conditions (pH 8, 60 min of contact and 1.5 × 10-3 g mL-1 of ASNase). The ASNase-MWCNT bioconjugate also showed improved enzyme operational stability (6 consecutive reaction cycles without activity loss), paving the way for its use in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda R Almeida
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel O Cristóvão
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Barros
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - João C F Nunes
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M Loureiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia C Neves
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valéria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Tavares
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua do Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Rafeeq H, Hussain A, Tarar MHA, Afsheen N, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Expanding the bio-catalysis scope and applied perspectives of nanocarrier immobilized asparaginases. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:453. [PMID: 34616647 PMCID: PMC8486911 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
l-asparaginase is an essential enzyme in medicine and a well-known chemotherapeutic agent. This enzyme's importance is not limited to its use as an anti-cancer agent; it also has a wide variety of medicinal applications. Antimicrobial properties, prevention of infectious disorders, autoimmune diseases, and canine and feline cancer are among the applications. Apart from the healthcare industry, its importance has been identified in the food industry as a food manufacturing agent to lower acrylamide levels. When isolated from their natural habitats, they are especially susceptible to different denaturing conditions due to their protein composition. The use of an immobilization technique is one of the most common approaches suggested to address these limitations. Immobilization is a technique that involves fixing enzymes to or inside stable supports, resulting in a heterogeneous immobilized enzyme framework. Strong support structures usually stabilize the enzymes' configuration, and their functions are maintained as a result. In recent years, there has been a lot of curiosity and focus on the ability of immobilized enzymes. The nanomaterials with ideal properties can be used to immobilize enzymes to regulate key factors that determine the efficacy of bio-catalysis. With applications in biotechnology, immunosensing, biomedicine, and nanotechnology sectors have opened a realm of opportunities for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Rafeeq
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadia Afsheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, 223003 China
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849 Monterrey, Mexico
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Abstract
Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes, having significant physiological roles in both synthesis and degradation. The use of microbial proteases in food fermentation is an age-old process, which is today being successfully employed in other industries with the advent of ‘omics’ era and innovations in genetic and protein engineering approaches. Proteases have found application in industries besides food, like leather, textiles, detergent, waste management, agriculture, animal husbandry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. With the rising demands and applications, researchers are exploring various approaches to discover, redesign, or artificially synthesize enzymes with better applicability in the industrial processes. These enzymes offer a sustainable and environmentally safer option, besides possessing economic and commercial value. Various bacterial and fungal proteases are already holding a commercially pivotal role in the industry. The current review summarizes the characteristics and types of proteases, microbial source, their current and prospective applications in various industries, and future challenges. Promoting these biocatalysts will prove significant in betterment of the modern world.
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de Oliveira Lima IG, Bispo JRS, da Silva MB, de Oliveira Feitosa A, Dos Santos ACM, Moreira MSA, Passarini MRZ, Saraiva Câmara PEA, Rosa LH, Oliveira VM, de Queiroz AC, Duarte AWF. Technological Prospecting: Mapping Patents on L-asparaginases from Extremophilic Microorganisms. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:250-265. [PMID: 34353277 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210805162459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-asparaginase (L-ASNase, L-asparagine amidohydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is an enzyme with wide therapeutic applicability. Currently, the commercialized L-ASNase comes from mesophilic organisms, presenting low specificity to the substrate and limitations regarding thermostability and active pH range. Such factors prevent the maximum performance of the enzyme in different applications. Therefore, extremophilic organisms may represent important candidates for obtaining amidohydrolases with particular characteristics desired by the biotechnological market. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to carry out a technological prospecting of patents related to the L-asparaginases derived from extremophilic organisms, contributing to pave the way for further rational investigation and application of such enzymes. METHODS This patent literature review used six patents databases: The LENS, WIPO, EPO, USPTO, Patent Inspiration, and INPI. RESULTS It was analyzed 2860 patents, and 14 were selected according to combinations of descriptors and study criteria. Approximately 57.14% of the patents refer to enzymes obtained from archaea, especially from the speciesPyrococcus yayanosii (35.71% of the totality). CONCLUSION The present prospective study has singular relevance since there are no recent patent reviews for L-asparaginases, especially produced by extremophilic microorganisms. Although such enzymes have well-defined applications, corroborated by the patents compiled in this review, the most recent studies allude to new uses, such as the treatment of infections. The characterization of the catalytic profiles allows us to infer that there are potential sources still unexplored. Hence, the search for new L-ASNases with different characteristics will continue to grow in the coming years and, possibly, ramifications of the technological routes will be witnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Gomes de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - James Romero Soares Bispo
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Maurício Bernardo da Silva
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Alexya de Oliveira Feitosa
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Melo Dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre Moreira
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-900, Maceio, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valéria Maia Oliveira
- Divisao de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
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Jia R, Wan X, Geng X, Xue D, Xie Z, Chen C. Microbial L-asparaginase for Application in Acrylamide Mitigation from Food: Current Research Status and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081659. [PMID: 34442737 PMCID: PMC8400838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1) hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, which has been widely applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Microbes have advantages for L-asparaginase production, and there are several commercially available forms of L-asparaginase, all of which are derived from microbes. Generally, L-asparaginase has an optimum pH range of 5.0-9.0 and an optimum temperature of between 30 and 60 °C. However, the optimum temperature of L-asparaginase from hyperthermophilic archaea is considerable higher (between 85 and 100 °C). The native properties of the enzymes can be enhanced by using immobilization techniques. The stability and recyclability of immobilized enzymes makes them more suitable for food applications. This current work describes the classification, catalytic mechanism, production, purification, and immobilization of microbial L-asparaginase, focusing on its application as an effective reducer of acrylamide in fried potato products, bakery products, and coffee. This highlights the prospects of cost-effective L-asparaginase, thermostable L-asparaginase, and immobilized L-asparaginase as good candidates for food application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Jia
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiao Wan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
| | - Xu Geng
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Deming Xue
- School of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (C.C.)
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Wang Y, Xu W, Wu H, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Microbial production, molecular modification, and practical application of l-Asparaginase: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:975-983. [PMID: 34293360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase, EC 3.5.1.1), an antitumor drug for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy, is widely used in the clinical field. Similarly, L-ASNase is also a powerful and significant biological tool in the food industry to inhibit acrylamide (AA) formation. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest achievements and improvements in the production, modification, and application of microbial L-ASNase. To date, the expression levels and optimization of expression hosts such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris, have made significant progress. In addition, examples of successful modification of L-ASNase such as decreasing glutaminase activity, increasing the in vivo stability, and enhancing thermostability have been presented. Impressively, the application of L-ASNase as a food addition aid, as well as its commercialization in the pharmaceutical field, and cutting-edge biosensor application developments have been summarized. The presented results and proposed ideas could be a good guide for other L-ASNase researchers in both scientific and practical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Low-cost agro-industrial sources as a substrate for the production of l-asparaginase using filamentous fungi. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Faizan Muneer, Nadeem H, Arif A, Zaheer W. Bioplastics from Biopolymers: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Solution of Plastic Pollution. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238221010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Castro D, Marques ASC, Almeida MR, de Paiva GB, Bento HBS, Pedrolli DB, Freire MG, Tavares APM, Santos-Ebinuma VC. L-asparaginase production review: bioprocess design and biochemical characteristics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4515-4534. [PMID: 34059941 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, the production of biopharmaceuticals has gained high interest due to its great sensitivity, specificity, and lower risk of negative effects to patients. Biopharmaceuticals are mostly therapeutic recombinant proteins produced through biotechnological processes. In this context, L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, L-ASNase (E.C. 3.5.1.1)) is a therapeutic enzyme that has been abundantly studied by researchers due to its antineoplastic properties. As a biopharmaceutical, L-ASNase has been used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and other lymphoid malignancies, in combination with other drugs. Besides its application as a biopharmaceutical, this enzyme is widely used in food processing industries as an acrylamide mitigation agent and as a biosensor for the detection of L-asparagine in physiological fluids at nano-levels. The great demand for L-ASNase is supplied by recombinant enzymes from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, production processes are associated to low yields and proteins associated to immunogenicity problems, which leads to the search for a better enzyme source. Considering the L-ASNase pharmacological and food importance, this review provides an overview of the current biotechnological developments in L-ASNase production and biochemical characterization aiming to improve the knowledge about its production. KEY POINTS: • Microbial enzyme applications as biopharmaceutical and in food industry • Biosynthesis process: from the microorganism to bioreactor technology • Enzyme activity and kinetic properties: crucial for the final application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castro
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia C Marques
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mafalda R Almeida
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela B de Paiva
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Heitor B S Bento
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Danielle B Pedrolli
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana P M Tavares
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Valéria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
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Nadeem MS, Khan JA, Al-Ghamdi MA, Khan MI, Zeyadi MA. Studies on the recombinant production and anticancer activity of thermostable L- asparaginase I from Pyrococcus abyssi. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e244735. [PMID: 34076169 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase catalysing the breakdown of L-Asparagine to L-Aspartate and ammonia is an enzyme of therapeutic importance in the treatment of cancer, especially the lymphomas and leukaemia. The present study describes the recombinant production, properties and anticancer potential of enzyme from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi. There are two genes coding for asparaginase in the genome of this organism. A 918 bp gene encoding 305 amino acids was PCR amplified and cloned in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli using pET28a (+) plasmid. The production of recombinant enzyme was induced under 0.5mM IPTG, purified by selective heat denaturation and ion exchange chromatography. Purified enzyme was analyzed for kinetics, in silico structure and anticancer properties. The recombinant enzyme has shown a molecular weight of 33 kDa, specific activity of 1175 U/mg, KM value 2.05mM, optimum temperature and pH 80°C and 8 respectively. No detectable enzyme activity found when L-Glutamine was used as the substrate. In silico studies have shown that the enzyme exists as a homodimer having Arg11, Ala87, Thr110, His112, Gln142, Leu172, and Lys232 being the putative active site residues. The free energy change calculated by molecular docking studies of enzyme and substrate was found as ∆G - 4.5 kJ/mole indicating the affinity of enzyme with the substrate. IC50 values of 5U/mL to 7.5U/mL were determined for FB, caco2 cells and HepG2 cells. A calculated amount of enzyme (5U/mL) exhibited 78% to 55% growth inhibition of caco2 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the recombinant enzyme produced and characterized in the present study offers a good candidate for the treatment of cancer. The procedures adopted in the present study can be prolonged for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Nadeem
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J A Khan
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Al-Ghamdi
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M I Khan
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Zeyadi
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sarion C, Codină GG, Dabija A. Acrylamide in Bakery Products: A Review on Health Risks, Legal Regulations and Strategies to Reduce Its Formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4332. [PMID: 33921874 PMCID: PMC8073677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a contaminant as defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93 and as such, it is considered a chemical hazard in the food chain. The toxicity of acrylamide has been acknowledged since 2002, among its toxicological effects on humans being neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity. Acrylamide has been classified as carcinogenic in the 2A group, with human exposure leading to progressive degeneration of the peripheral and central nervous systems characterized by cognitive and motor abnormalities. Bakery products (bread, crispbread, cakes, batter, breakfast cereals, biscuits, pies, etc.) are some of the major sources of dietary acrylamide. The review focuses on the levels of acrylamide in foods products, in particular bakery ones, and the risk that resulting dietary intake of acrylamide has on human health. The evolving legislative situation regarding the acrylamide content from foodstuffs, especially bakery ones, in the European Union is discussed underlining different measures that food producers must take in order to comply with the current regulations regarding the acrylamide levels in their products. Different approaches to reduce the acrylamide level in bakery products such as the use of asparginase, calcium salts, antioxidants, acids and their salts, etc., are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgiana Gabriela Codină
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (C.S.); (A.D.)
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Production, purification, characterization, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracellular L-asparaginase produced by Fusarium equiseti AHMF4. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2540-2548. [PMID: 33911966 PMCID: PMC8071902 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase is an antileukemic agent that depletes L-asparagine “an important nutrient for cancer cells” through the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia leading to leukemia cell starvation and apoptosis in susceptible leukemic cell populations. Moreover currently, bacterial L-asparaginase has been limited by problems of lower productivity, stability, selectivity and a number of toxicities along with the resistance towards bacterial L-asparaginase. Then the current work aimed to provide pure L-asparaginase with in-vitro efficacy against various human carcinomas without adverse effects related to current L-asparaginase formulations. Submerged fermentation (SMF) bioprocess was applied and improved to maximize L-asparaginase production from Fusarium equiseti AHMF4 as alternative sources of bacteria. The enzyme production in SMF was maximized to reach 40.78 U mL−1 at the 7th day of fermentation with initial pH 7.0, incubation temperature 30 °C, 1.0% glucose as carbon source, 0.2% asparagine as nitrogen source, 0.1% alanine as amino acid supplement and 0.1% KH2PO4. The purification of AHMF4 L-asparaginase yielded 2.67-fold purification and 48% recovery with final specific activity of 488.1 U mg−1 of protein. Purified L-asparaginase was characterized as serine protease enzyme with molecular weight of 45.7 kDa beside stability at neutral pH and between 20 and 40 °C. Interestingly, purified L-asparaginase showed promising DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 69.12 μg mL−1) and anti-proliferative activity against cervical epitheloid carcinoma (Hela), epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep-2), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), Colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with IC50 equal to 2.0, 5.0, 12.40, 8.26 and 22.8 μg mL−1, respectively. The enzyme showed higher activity, selectivity and anti-proliferative activity against cancerous cells along with tiny cytotoxicity toward normal cells (WI-38) which indicates that it has selective toxicity and it could be applied as a less toxic alternative to the current formulations.
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Wang L, Qin W, Chen D, Wang N, Zhang C, Fang Z, Fang B, Du W, Yang N, Wu Q, Peng B, Li L. Design, synthesis and application of fluorogenic probe for detecting l-asparaginase in serum samples. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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41
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Fatty acid-peptide-bioconjugated micellar nanocarrier as a new delivery system for l-asparaginase: multi-criteria optimization, characterization, and pharmacokinetic study. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ameen F, Alshehri WA, Al-Enazi NM, Almansob A. L-Asparaginase activity analysis, ansZ gene identification and anticancer activity of a new Bacillus subtilis isolated from sponges of the Red Sea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2576-2584. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1807310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This study describes the isolation of various marine bacteriafrom sponges collected from the Red Sea (Saudi Arabia) andL-asparaginase (anti-cancer enzyme) production from bacterialisolates. The 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analysis revealed thatthe isolate WSA3 was a Bacillus subtilis. Its partial-length genesequence was submitted to GenBank under the accession numberMK072695. The new B. subtilis strain harbored the exact size(1128 bp) of the new L-asparaginase (ansZ) gene as confirmedby PCR and in gel visualization, which was submitted to the NCBIdatabase (accession number MN566442). The molecular weightof partially purified L-asparaginase was determined as 45 kDa bySDS-PAGE. In addition, the enzyme L-asparaginase did not showglutaminase activity which is very important from a medical pointof view. Moreover, 100 μg/mL of the partially purified B. subtilis Lasparaginaseshowed promising anti-cancer activities when testedagainst three cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, and HepG2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M Al-Enazi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abobakr Almansob
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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El-Naggar NEA, El-Shweihy NM. Bioprocess development for L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei, purification and in-vitro efficacy against various human carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7942. [PMID: 32409719 PMCID: PMC7224186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the near future, the demand for L-asparaginase is expected to rise several times due to an increase in its clinical and industrial applications in various industrial sectors, such as food processing. Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-K is potent L-asparaginase producer, isolated and identified as new subsp. Streptomyces rochei subsp. chromatogenes NEAE-K and the sequence data has been deposited under accession number KJ200343 at the GenBank database. Sixteen different independent factors were examined for their effects on L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei subsp. chromatogenes NEAE-K under solid state fermentation conditions using Plackett-Burman design. pH, dextrose and yeast extract were the most significant factors affecting L-asparaginase production. Thus, using central composite design, the optimum levels of these variables were determined. L-asparaginase purification was carried out by ammonium sulfate followed by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange column with a final purification fold of 16.18. The monomeric molecular weight of the purified L-asparaginase was 64 kD as determined by SDS-PAGE method. The in vitro effects of L-asparaginase were evaluated on five human tumor cell lines and found to have a strong anti-proliferative effects. The results showed that the strongest cytotoxic effect of L-asparaginase was exerted on the HeLa and HepG-2 cell lines (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.2 and 2.54 ± 0.3 U/mL; respectively). In addition, the selectivity index of L-asparaginase against HeLa and HepG-2 cell lines was 3.94 and 3.35; respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nancy M El-Shweihy
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
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