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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Li D, Shen L, Zhang D, Wang X, Wang Q, Qin W, Gao Y, Li X. Ammonia-induced oxidative stress triggered proinflammatory response and apoptosis in pig lungs. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:683-696. [PMID: 36503793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia, a common toxic gas, is not only one of the main causes of haze, but also can enter respiratory tract and directly affect the health of humans and animals. Pig was used as an animal model for exploring the molecular mechanism and dose effect of ammonia toxicity to lung. In this study, the apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells was observed in high ammonia exposure group using transmission electron microscopy. Gene and protein expression analysis using transcriptome sequencing and western blot showed that low ammonia exposure induced T-cell-involved proinflammatory response, but high ammonia exposure repressed the expression of DNA repair-related genes and affected ion transport. Moreover, high ammonia exposure significantly increased 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level, meaning DNA oxidative damage occurred. In addition, both low and high ammonia exposure caused oxidative stress in pig lungs. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed that the up-regulation of LDHB and ND2 took part in high ammonia exposure-affected pyruvate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation progress, respectively. Inclusion, oxidative stress mediated ammonia-induced proinflammatory response and apoptosis of porcine lungs. These findings may provide new insights for understanding the ammonia toxicity to workers in livestock farms and chemical fertilizer plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojie Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Long Shen
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenhao Qin
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Engineering, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Lu X, Hu Y, Li Q, Shuai M, Li R. Autism spectrum disorder-like behavior induced in rat offspring by perinatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52083-52097. [PMID: 35254616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), also known as childhood autism, is a common neurological developmental disorder. Although it is generally believed that genetic factors are a primary cause for ASD development, more and more studies show that an increasing number of ASD diagnoses are related to environmental exposure. Epidemiological studies indicated that perinatal exposure to endocrine disruptors might cause neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in many products. To explore the neurodevelopmental effect induced by perinatal exposure to DEHP on rat offspring, and the potential mechanisms, female Wistar rats were exposed to 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg/day DEHP during pregnancy and lactation, while valproic acid (VPA) was used as a positive control. The behavior tests showed that rat pups exposed to VPA and 100 mg/kg/day DEHP were not good as those from the control group in both their socialability and social novelty. Expression of mTOR pathway-related components increased while the number of autophagosomes decreased in the brain tissue of the rat offspring exposed to 100 mg/kg/day DEHP. In addition, perinatal exposure to DEHP at all dosages decreased the level of autophagy proteins LC3II and Beclin1 in the brain tissue of rat pups. Our results indicated that perinatal DEHP exposure would induce ASD-like behavioral changes in rat offspring, which might be mediated by activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, and inhibition of autophagy in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
- Office of the Youth League Committee, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxian Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdan Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglei Shuai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Park J, Kang GH, Kim Y, Lee JY, Song JA, Hwang JH. Formaldehyde exposure induces differentiation of regulatory T cells via the NFAT-mediated T cell receptor signalling pathway in Yucatan minipigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8149. [PMID: 35581361 PMCID: PMC9114421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of minipigs (Sus scrofa) as a platform for toxicological and pharmacological research is well established. In the present study, we investigated the effect of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on helper T cell-mediated splenic immune responses in Yucatan minipigs. The minipigs were exposed to different inhaled concentrations of FA (0, 2.16, 4.62, or 10.48 mg/m3) for a period of 2 weeks. Immune responses elicited by exposure to FA were determined by assessing physiological parameters, mRNA expression, and cytokine production. Additionally, the distribution of helper T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells and expression of NFAT families, which are well-known T cell receptor signalling proteins associated with regulatory T cell development, were evaluated. Exposure to FA suppressed the expression of genes associated with Th1 and Th2 cells in minipigs in a concentration-dependent manner. The subsequent production of cytokines also declined post-FA exposure. Furthermore, exposure to FA induced the differentiation of CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells with divergent expression levels of NFAT1 and NFAT2. These results indicated that exposure to FA increased the Treg cell population via the NFAT-mediated T cell receptor signalling pathway, leading to suppression of effector T cell activity with a decline in T cell-related cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsik Park
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo-Hwa Kang
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyu Kim
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul-si, 27447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Lee
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Song
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Evaluating the Sub-Acute Toxicity of Formaldehyde Fumes in an In Vitro Human Airway Epithelial Tissue Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052593. [PMID: 35269734 PMCID: PMC8910234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is an irritating, highly reactive aldehyde that is widely regarded as an asthmagen. In addition to its use in industrial applications and being a product of combustion reaction and endogenous metabolism, FDA-regulated products may contain FA or release FA fumes that present toxicity risks for both patients and healthcare workers. Exposure to airborne FA is associated with nasal neoplastic lesions in both animals and humans. It is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) based on the increased incidence of cancer in animals and a known human carcinogen in the Report on Carcinogens by National Toxicology Program (NTP). Herein, we systematically evaluated the tissue responses to FA fumes in an in vitro human air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model. Cultures were exposed at the air interface to 7.5, 15, and 30 ppm of FA fumes 4 h per day for 5 consecutive days. Exposure to 30 ppm of FA induced sustained oxidative stress, along with functional changes in ciliated and goblet cells as well as possible squamous differentiation. Furthermore, secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, GM-CSF, TNF-a and IFN-γ, was induced by repeated exposures to FA fumes. Expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-10, MMP-12, and MMP-13 was downregulated at the end of the 5-day exposure. Although DNA-damage was not detected by the comet assay, FA exposures downregulated the DNA repair enzymes MGMT and FANCD2, suggesting its possible interference in the DNA repair capacity. Overall, a general concordance was observed between our in vitro responses to FA fume exposures and the reported in vivo toxicity of FA. Our findings provide further evidence supporting the application of the ALI airway system as a potential in vitro alternative for screening and evaluating the respiratory toxicity of inhaled substances.
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Protano C, Buomprisco G, Cammalleri V, Pocino RN, Marotta D, Simonazzi S, Cardoni F, Petyx M, Iavicoli S, Vitali M. The Carcinogenic Effects of Formaldehyde Occupational Exposure: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:165. [PMID: 35008329 PMCID: PMC8749969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen in 2004, as of today is widely used in many work activities. From its classification, further studies were performed to evaluate its carcinogenicity. The aim of the systematic review is to update the evidence on occupational exposure to formaldehyde and cancer onset. METHODS The review, in accordance with the PRISMA statement, includes articles in English reporting original results of studies conducted on workers exposed to formaldehyde, considering all types of cancer, published from 1 January 2000 to 30 July 2021 and selected from the Pubmed and Scopus databases. The studies' quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 21 articles were included, conducted in different European, American, and Asian countries. The most investigated occupational areas are those characterized by a deliberate use of formaldehyde. Some studies evaluated all types of cancer, whereas others focused on specific sites such as thyroid and respiratory, lymphohematopoietic, or central nervous systems. The results showed weak associations with lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the need for further original studies carried out on representative samples of workers exposed to measured levels of FA. These studies should be designed to reduce the bias due to co-exposure to other carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Buomprisco
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Vittoria Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Roberta Noemi Pocino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Marotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Stefano Simonazzi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Cardoni
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Marta Petyx
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.I.)
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.I.)
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (V.C.); (R.N.P.); (D.M.)
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Ghelli F, Bellisario V, Squillacioti G, Panizzolo M, Santovito A, Bono R. Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 Polymorphisms. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9080178. [PMID: 34437496 PMCID: PMC8402352 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite the toxicity and health risk characteristics of formaldehyde (FA), it is currently used as a cytological fixative and the definition of safe exposure levels is still a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate the alterations in both oxidative and inflammatory status in a hospital working population. The 68 workers recruited wore a personal air-FA passive sampler, provided a urine sample to measure 15-F2t-Isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and a blood specimen to measure tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Subjects were also genotyped for GSTT1 (Presence/Absence), GSTM1 (Presence/Absence), CYP1A1 exon 7 (A > G), and IL6 (−174, G > C). Workers were ex post split into formalin-employers (57.3 μg/m3) and non-employers (13.5 μg/m3). In the formalin-employers group we assessed significantly higher levels of 15-F2t-IsoP, MDA and TNFα (<0.001) in comparison to the non-employers group. The air-FA levels turned out to be positively correlated with 15-F2t-IsoP (p = 0.027) and MDA (p < 0.001). In the formalin-employers group the MDA level was significantly higher in GSTT1 Null (p = 0.038), GSTM1 Null (p = 0.031), and CYP1A1 exon 7 mutation carrier (p = 0.008) workers, compared to the wild type subjects. This study confirms the role of FA in biomolecular profiles alterations, highlighting how low occupational exposure can also result in measurable biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ghelli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (V.B.); (G.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (V.B.); (G.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (V.B.); (G.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Panizzolo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (V.B.); (G.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (V.B.); (G.S.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5818
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Beci̇t M, Çi̇lekar Ş, Başaran MM, Koca HB, Çeli̇k S, Di̇lsi̇z SA. Changes in genotoxicity, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters of workers in marble processing plants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111209. [PMID: 33895109 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Workers in marble processing plants are at high risk of exposure to high levels of marble dust containing silica, but there are limited studies evaluating the genotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters of workers occupationally exposed to marble dust. In this study, we aimed to clarify how marble dust affects genotoxicity and immunotoxicity mechanisms alongside oxidative stress in the workers in the marble processing plants of Iscehisar, Turkey. The oxidative stress and immune system parameters were determined spectrophotometrically using commercial kits. Genotoxicity was evaluated by Comet and micronucleus (MN) assays in the lymphocytes and buccal cells, respectively. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and the levels of glutathione, and Clara cell secretory protein CC16 in workers (n = 48) were significantly lower than in controls (n = 41), whereas the levels of malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta were significantly higher in workers. DNA damage in workers were significantly higher than in controls and there was a clear correlation between the increase in DNA damage and the duration of exposure. Marble workers had significantly higher MN frequencies when compared to controls. The results indicate the possibility of immunotoxic and genotoxic risks to workers in marble industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Beci̇t
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Şule Çi̇lekar
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, 03030, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Mert Başaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Halit Buğra Koca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, 03030, Turkey
| | - Sefa Çeli̇k
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar, 03030, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Aydin Di̇lsi̇z
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
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Formaldehyde exposure induces regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression via calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17023. [PMID: 33046725 PMCID: PMC7550593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Formaldehyde (FA) exposure on splenic immune responses wherein helper T cells become activated and differentiate into effector T and regulatory T cells. BALB/c mice were exposed to two FA concentrations (1.38 mg/m3 and 5.36 mg/m3) for 4 h/day and 5 days/week for 2 weeks. FA-induced immune responses were examined by the production of cytokines, expression of mRNAs, and distributions of helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Moreover, expression of calcineurin and NFATs, regulatory T cell-related signalling proteins, were evaluated. FA exposure suppressed Th2-, Th1-, and Th17-related splenic cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA expression of splenic cytokines was also decreased by FA exposure, which correlated with decreased cytokine expression. In parallel, FA exposure promoted T cell differentiation into regulatory T cells in a dose-dependent manner supported by the expression of calcineurin and NFAT1. Taken together, our results indicated that FA exposure increases the number of regulatory T cells via calcineurin-NFAT signalling, thereby leading to effector T cell activity suppression with decreased T cell-related cytokine secretion and mRNA expression. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of FA and accordingly have general implications for human health, particularly in occupational settings.
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Oztan O, Tutkun L, Turksoy VA, Deniz S, Dip A, Iritas SB, Eravci DB, Alaguney ME. The relationship between impaired lung functions and cytokine levels in formaldehyde exposure. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:248-254. [PMID: 32895023 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1816883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to formaldehyde (FA) causes detrimental effects on respiratory system. Inflammation is one of the mechanisms responsible for these effects. Our aim is to demonstrate the possible effect of formaldehyde on inflammation biomarkers and pulmonary function tests. One hundred ninety-eight male workers in a fiber production factory are included. Eighty two of them were not exposed to FA. Thirty nine workers were exposed to FA for 4 h or more in a work shift and 77 workers were exposed less than 4 h. Statistically significant differences were found for FA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and pulmonary function test parameters (FEV1 and FVC) between no exposure and exposure groups. The results revealed a correlation between decrement in pulmonary function tests and an increase in cytokine levels concordant with the duration of FA exposure. The results may emphasize that FA exposure shows its effect on pulmonary system via inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Oztan
- Department of Medical Management, HLC Medical Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Tutkun
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science Faculty Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vugar Ali Turksoy
- Department of Public Health, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Aybike Dip
- Ministry of Justice, The Council of Forensic Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Deniz Boz Eravci
- Center for Labour and Social Security Training and Research, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem Alaguney
- Department Of Occupational Medicine, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Konya, Turkey
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11
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Mourry GE, Alami R, Elyadini A, El Hajjaji S, El Kabbaj S, Zouhdi M. Assessment of Chemical Risks in Moroccan Medical Biology Laboratories in Accordance with the CLP Regulation. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:193-198. [PMID: 32596015 PMCID: PMC7303524 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical laboratory workers are frequently exposed to a wide range of chemicals. This exposure can have adverse effects on their health. Furthermore, a knowledge lack of the chemical risk increases the likelihood of exposure. The chemical risk assessment reduces the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals and therefore, guarantees health and safety of the workers. Method The chemical risk assessment was conducted using a modified INRS method, according to the new CLP Regulation, of 11 unit laboratories in a Moroccan medical laboratory. Observation of each workstation and analysis of safety data sheets are key tools in this study. Results A total of 144 substances and reagents that could affect the health of the analytical technicians were identified. Among these products, 17% are concerned by the low priority risk score, with 55% concerned by the average priority risk score and 28% concerned by the high priority risk score. This study also enabled to better identify the chemical agents that have restrictive occupational exposure limit value and controls were conducted to this effect. On the basis of the results obtained, several corrective and preventive measures have been proposed and implemented. Conclusion Risk assessment is essential to ensure the health and safety of workers and to meet regulatory requirements. It enables to identify all the risky manipulations and to adopt appropriate preventive measures. However, it is not a one-time activity but it must be continuous in order to master the changes and thus ensure the best safety of all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghita E Mourry
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,Research and Medical Analysis Laboratory of the Fraternelle of the Royal Gendarmerie, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Alami
- Research and Medical Analysis Laboratory of the Fraternelle of the Royal Gendarmerie, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adil Elyadini
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Souad El Hajjaji
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saâd El Kabbaj
- Research and Medical Analysis Laboratory of the Fraternelle of the Royal Gendarmerie, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mimoun Zouhdi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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12
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Villadiego-Molinares MM, Ramírez-Martínez JA, Rodriguez-Pulido AI. Formaldehído en ambientes laborales: revisión de la literatura y propuesta de vigilancia ocupacional. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n3.73188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El formaldehído es una sustancia ampliamente usada a nivel industrial; sin embargo, es considerada un agente mutagénico y carcinógeno para los humanos. Para determinar el grado de riesgo de los trabajadores ocupacionalmente expuestos (TOE) al formaldehído, debe hacerse un seguimiento de sus niveles de concentración ambiental y de los biomarcadores que permiten identificar su daño potencial para la salud. En Colombia, lamentablemente, no existen lineamientos respecto a la exposición ocupacional a esta sustancia.Objetivo.Revisar estudios recientes sobre exposición ocupacional a formaldehído para diseñar una estrategia de seguimiento y vigilancia de los TOE a esta sustancia en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, MedLine, ScienceDirect y Embase mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: artículos sobre exposición ocupacional a formaldehído publicados en inglés o español entre 2013 y 2017. Los términos de búsqueda fueron “occupational exposure”, “formaldehyde” “mutagenicity test” y “DNA adducts” y sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 103 registros, sin embargo solo 36 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos.Conclusiones. La gestión adecuada del riesgo derivado de la exposición ocupacional a formaldehido, así como el seguimiento médico apropiado de estos trabajadores, requiere la implementación de una serie de acciones interdisciplinarias que permitan la creación de un sistema de vigilancia ocupacional integral de los TOE a esta sustancia.
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13
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Duan J, Xie J, Deng T, Xie X, Liu H, Li B, Chen M. Exposure to both formaldehyde and high relative humidity exacerbates allergic asthma by activating the TRPV4-p38 MAPK pathway in Balb/c mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113375. [PMID: 31662264 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have indicated that formaldehyde, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, can induce or aggravate allergic asthma. Epidemiological studies have also shown that the relative humidity indoors may be an independent and a key factor associated with the aggravation of allergic asthma. However, the synergy of humidity and formaldehyde on allergic asthma and the mechanism underlying this effect remain largely unknown. In this study, we aim to determine the effect of high relative humidity and/or formaldehyde exposure on allergic asthma and explore the underlying mechanisms. Male Balb/c mice were modeled with ovalbumin (OVA) and exposure to 0.5 mg/m3 formaldehyde and/or different relative humidity (60%/75%/90%). Histopathological changes, pulmonary function, Th1/Th2 balance, the status of mucus hypersecretion and the levels of inflammatory factors were detected to assess the exacerbation of allergic asthma. The levels of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), calcium ion and the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) were detected to explore the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that exposure to high relative humidity or to 0.5 mg/m3 formaldehyde alone had a slight, but not significant, affect on allergic asthma. However, the pathological response and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were greatly aggravated by simultaneous exposure to 0.5 mg/m3 formaldehyde and 90% relative humidity. Blocking TRPV4or p38 MAPK using HC-067047 and SB203580 respectively, effectively alleviated the exacerbation of allergic asthma induced by this simultaneous exposure to formaldehyde and high relative humidity. The results show that when formaldehyde and high relative humidity are present this can enhance the activation of the TRPV4 ion channel in the lung leading to the aggravation of the p38 MAPK activation, resulting in the exacerbation of inflammation and hypersecretion of mucus in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoman Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China.
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14
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Costa S, Costa C, Madureira J, Valdiglesias V, Teixeira-Gomes A, Guedes de Pinho P, Laffon B, Teixeira JP. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and early biomarkers of cancer risk, immunotoxicity and susceptibility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108740. [PMID: 31563789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a high-volume production chemical manufactured worldwide to which many people are exposed to both environmentally and occupationally. FA was recently reclassified as a human carcinogen. Several epidemiological studies have revealed an increased risk of cancer development among workers exposed to FA. Although FA genotoxicity was confirmed in a variety of experimental systems, data from human studies are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occupational exposure to FA in a multistage approach relating the exposure with different biomarkers (dose and effect) and individual susceptibility. Air monitoring was performed to estimate the level of exposure to FA during shift work. Eighty-five workers from hospital anatomy-pathology laboratories exposed to FA and 87 controls were tested for cytogenetic alterations in lymphocytes (micronucleus, MN; sister-chromatid exchange, SCE) and T-cell receptor (TCR) mutation assay. The frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells, a first contact tissue was also assessed. Percentages of different lymphocyte subpopulations were selected as immunotoxicity biomarkers. The level of formic acid in urine was investigated as a potential biomarker of internal dose. The effects of polymorphic genes of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes and DNA repair enzymes on the endpoints studied were determined. The mean level of FA exposure was 0.38 ± 0.03 ppm. MN (in lymphocytes and buccal cells) and SCE were significantly increased in FA-exposed workers compared to controls. MN frequency positively correlated with FA levels of exposure and duration. Significant alterations in the percentage of T cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells and B lymphocytes were found between groups. Polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTP1 and FANCA genes were associated with increased genetic damage in FA-exposed subjects. The obtained information may provide new important data to be used by health and safety care programs and by governmental agencies responsible for setting the acceptable levels for occupational exposure to FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Education Sciences, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Armanda Teixeira-Gomes
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Zhao Y, Ge J, Li X, Guo Q, Zhu Y, Song J, Zhang L, Ding S, Yang X, Li R. Vasodilatory effect of formaldehyde via the NO/cGMP pathway and the regulation of expression of K ATP, BK Ca and L-type Ca 2+ channels. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:55-64. [PMID: 30974163 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA), a well-known toxic gas molecule similar to nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is widely produced endogenously via numerous biochemical pathways, and has a number of physiological roles in the biosystem. We attempted to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of FA and their underlying mechanisms. We found that FA induced vasorelaxant effects on rat aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. The NO/cyclic guanosine 5' monophosphate (cGMP) pathway was up-regulated when the rat aortas were treated with FA. The expression of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel subunits α and β of the rat aortas was increased by FA. Similarly, the levels of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunits Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 were also up-regulated when the rat aortas were incubated with FA. In contrast, levels of the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) subunits, Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, decreased dramatically with increasing concentrations of FA. We demonstrated that the regulation of FA on vascular contractility may be via the up-regulation of the NO/cGMP pathway and the modulation of ion channels, including the upregulated expression of the KATP and BKCa channels and the inhibited expression of LTCCs. Further study is needed to explore the in-depth mechanisms of FA induced vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jing Ge
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China; School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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Evaluation of inhaled low-dose formaldehyde-induced DNA adducts and DNA-protein cross-links by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:763-773. [PMID: 30701286 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a widespread industrial chemical, formaldehyde carcinogenicity has been highly controversial. Meanwhile, formaldehyde is an essential metabolite in all living cells. Previously, we have demonstrated exogenous formaldehyde causes DNA adducts in a nonlinear manner between 0.7 and 15.2 ppm using [13CD2]-formaldehyde for exposure coupled with the use of sensitive mass spectrometry. However, the responses from exposure to low doses of formaldehyde are still unknown. In this study, rats were exposed to 1, 30, and 300 ppb [13CD2]-formaldehyde for 28 days (6 h/day) by nose-only inhalation, followed by measuring DNA mono-adduct (N2-HOMe-dG) and DNA-protein crosslinks (dG-Me-Cys) as formaldehyde specific biomarkers. Both exogenous and endogenous DNA mono-adducts and dG-Me-Cys were examined with ultrasensitive nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our data clearly show that endogenous adducts are present in all tissues analyzed, but exogenous adducts were not detectable in any tissue samples, including the most susceptible nasal epithelium. Moreover, formaldehyde exposure at 1, 30 and 300 ppb did not alter the levels of endogenous formaldehyde-induced DNA adducts or DNA-protein crosslinks. The novel findings from this study provide new data for risk assessment of exposure to low doses of formaldehyde.
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17
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Zhang S, Chen H, Wang A, Liu Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Combined effects of co-exposure to formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25306-25314. [PMID: 29946839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
FA (formaldehyde) and ACR (acrolein) are common pollutants in environment, which often occur together in air. So, adverse health effects may not only result from their individual toxicity but also from the combined toxicity. While often studied alone, combination effects of these pollutants are inconclusive. Here, we examined the combined cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of FA and ACR on A549 cells based on CCK-8 assay, comet assay, and cytokinesis-block micronuclei assay. FA and ACR mixtures showed significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity even at NOECs (no observed effect concentrations). Moreover, FA and ACR administrated jointly at doses from NOECs to sub-cytotoxic concentrations demonstrated significant interactions in cytotoxicity, DNA strand breaks, and chromosome damage. Co-exposure to FA and ACR significantly showed a lower responses on DNA strand break and chromosome damage than those expected for additivity, while an opposite result was obtained on cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results indicated that there was significant interactions on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity for FA and ACR, and prolonged exposure to mixtures of FA and ACR below sub-cytotoxic concentrations can produce a serious threat in human's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - An Wang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Guo J, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Li R, Xie H, Ge L, Xie B, Yang X, Zhang L. Exposure to Formaldehyde Perturbs the Mouse Gut Microbiome. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E192. [PMID: 29614050 PMCID: PMC5924534 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Formaldehyde (FA) results in many pathophysiological symptoms, however the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Given the complicated modulatory role of intestinal microbiota on human health, we hypothesized that interactions between FA and the gut microbiome may account for FA's toxicity. Balb/c mice were allocated randomly to three groups: a control group, a methanol group (0.1 and 0.3 ng/mL MeOH subgroups), and an FA group (1 and 3 ng/mL FA subgroups). Groups of either three or six mice were used for the control or experiment. We applied high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene approaches and investigated possible alterations in the composition of mouse gut microbiota induced by FA. Changes in bacterial genera induced by FA exposure were identified. By analyzing KEGG metabolic pathways predicted by PICRUSt software, we also explored the potential metabolic changes, such as alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism and pathways in cancer, associated with FA exposure in mice. To the best of our knowledge, this preliminary study is the first to identify changes in the mouse gut microbiome after FA exposure, and to analyze the relevant potential metabolisms. The limitation of this study: this study is relatively small and needs to be further confirmed through a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xingpeng Jiang
- School of Computer, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Leixin Ge
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Bo Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Rocha Ferreira J, Cardoso Rezende L, Barbosa ADS, De Carvalho P, De Lima NE, Assis Carvalho A. Economic, human and environmental health benefits of replacing formaldehyde in the preservation of corpses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:490-495. [PMID: 28783598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde has been prominent in preserving biological tissues since the nineteenth century. Despite being admittedly harmful to health and to the environment, it is still widely used. The Morphology Department of the University of Brasília - Brazil, applied the rethink, reduce, reuse, recycle and responsibility methodology to their activities in an effort to protect the health of laboratory workers and users, save resources and reduce damage to the environment. Here we evaluate the results obtained a decade after the implementation of this proposal (2005-2015). Formaldehyde was replaced by alcohol and glycerol solutions in corpse conservation. Over five thousand dollars in public funds that would have been destined to buying preserving substances were saved annually, and over a hundred thousand liters of water that would have been contaminated and thrown into the sewage system were spared. The environment used to implement the study was improved and anatomical parts kept for study had their lifespan extended. It is noteworthy that such simple adjustments could cause pronounced changes in laboratory activities. We would avoid contaminating billions of liters of water and it would be possible to save millions if similar practices were implemented in all educational institutions having similar routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Rocha Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lorenna Cardoso Rezende
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Alexandre Ferronato Avenue, Setor Industrial, 1200, 78557-267 Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Abel De Souza Barbosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Phellip De Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Natácia Evangelista De Lima
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Assis Carvalho
- Department of Forestry Engineering, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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20
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Mai W, Liu X, Su G, Zhou W, Wen Z, Lu D. Elevation of Circulating Th17/Th22 Cells Exposed to Low-Level Formaldehyde and Its Relevance to Formaldehyde-Induced Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:817-821. [PMID: 28697061 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of formaldehyde exposure on Th17 and Th22 cells and its relevance to human occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD). METHODS Circulating IL17-/IL22-secreting cells and serum IL17/IL22 levels in formaldehyde-exposed workers at Occupational Exposure Limit and nonexposed controls were assessed. RESULTS The IL17 and IL22 cell population were detected in both CD3CD8 and CD3CD8 cells. The percentages of circulating IL17 and IL22 T cells in the workers with and without ACD history were all elevated, which were more remarkable in the ones with ACD history. Serum levels of IL17 and IL22 between the workers and controls were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Low-level formaldehyde exposure may increase circulating IL17-/IL22-producing T cells (CD8 and CD8), possibly involved in the development of human OACD. But it may not alter serum levels of IL17/IL22 before the appearance of OACD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Mai
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (Dr Mai, Su); Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (Mr Liu); Department of Laboratory Science, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (Ms Zhou); and Department of Dermatology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China (Mr Wen, Mr Lu)
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Nielsen GD, Larsen ST, Wolkoff P. Re-evaluation of the WHO (2010) formaldehyde indoor air quality guideline for cancer risk assessment. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:35-61. [PMID: 27209488 PMCID: PMC5225186 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) established an indoor air quality guideline for short- and long-term exposures to formaldehyde (FA) of 0.1 mg/m3 (0.08 ppm) for all 30-min periods at lifelong exposure. This guideline was supported by studies from 2010 to 2013. Since 2013, new key studies have been published and key cancer cohorts have been updated, which we have evaluated and compared with the WHO guideline. FA is genotoxic, causing DNA adduct formation, and has a clastogenic effect; exposure-response relationships were nonlinear. Relevant genetic polymorphisms were not identified. Normal indoor air FA concentrations do not pass beyond the respiratory epithelium, and therefore FA's direct effects are limited to portal-of-entry effects. However, systemic effects have been observed in rats and mice, which may be due to secondary effects as airway inflammation and (sensory) irritation of eyes and the upper airways, which inter alia decreases respiratory ventilation. Both secondary effects are prevented at the guideline level. Nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia were observed inconsistently among studies; new updates of the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) cohort confirmed that the relative risk was not increased with mean FA exposures below 1 ppm and peak exposures below 4 ppm. Hodgkin's lymphoma, not observed in the other studies reviewed and not considered FA dependent, was increased in the NCI cohort at a mean concentration ≥0.6 mg/m3 and at peak exposures ≥2.5 mg/m3; both levels are above the WHO guideline. Overall, the credibility of the WHO guideline has not been challenged by new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Damgård Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Søren Thor Larsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peder Wolkoff
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Bassig BA, Zhang L, Vermeulen R, Tang X, Li G, Hu W, Guo W, Purdue MP, Yin S, Rappaport SM, Shen M, Ji Z, Qiu C, Ge Y, Hosgood HD, Reiss B, Wu B, Xie Y, Li L, Yue F, Freeman LEB, Blair A, Hayes RB, Huang H, Smith MT, Rothman N, Lan Q. Comparison of hematological alterations and markers of B-cell activation in workers exposed to benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:692-700. [PMID: 27207665 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene, formaldehyde (FA) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are ubiquitous chemicals in workplaces and the general environment. Benzene is an established myeloid leukemogen and probable lymphomagen. FA is classified as a myeloid leukemogen but has not been associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), whereas TCE has been associated with NHL but not myeloid leukemia. Epidemiologic associations between FA and myeloid leukemia, and between benzene, TCE and NHL are, however, still debated. Previously, we showed that these chemicals are associated with hematotoxicity in cross-sectional studies of factory workers in China, which included extensive personal monitoring and biological sample collection. Here, we compare and contrast patterns of hematotoxicity, monosomy 7 in myeloid progenitor cells (MPCs), and B-cell activation biomarkers across these studies to further evaluate possible mechanisms of action and consistency of effects with observed hematologic cancer risks. Workers exposed to benzene or FA, but not TCE, showed declines in cell types derived from MPCs, including granulocytes and platelets. Alterations in lymphoid cell types, including B cells and CD4+ T cells, and B-cell activation markers were apparent in workers exposed to benzene or TCE. Given that alterations in myeloid and lymphoid cell types are associated with hematological malignancies, our data provide biologic insight into the epidemiological evidence linking benzene and FA exposure with myeloid leukemia risk, and TCE and benzene exposure with NHL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Guilan Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Weihong Guo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Songnian Yin
- Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhiying Ji
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chuangyi Qiu
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Ge
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Boris Reiss
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and
| | - Banghua Wu
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Xie
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laiyu Li
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yue
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanlin Huang
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Mohamed AAR, Mohamed WA. Hemato-immunologic impact of subchronic exposure to melamine and/or formaldehyde in mice. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:713-22. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1170742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wafaa A. Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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24
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Seow WJ, Zhang L, Vermeulen R, Tang X, Hu W, Bassig BA, Ji Z, Shiels MS, Kemp TJ, Shen M, Qiu C, Reiss B, Beane Freeman LE, Blair A, Kim C, Guo W, Wen C, Li L, Pinto LA, Huang H, Smith MT, Hildesheim A, Rothman N, Lan Q. Circulating immune/inflammation markers in Chinese workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:852-7. [PMID: 25908645 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formaldehyde has been classified as a human myeloid leukemogen. However, the mechanistic basis for this association is still debated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate whether circulating immune/inflammation markers were altered in workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde. METHODS Using a multiplexed bead-based assay, we measured serum levels of 38 immune/inflammation markers in a cross-sectional study of 43 formaldehyde-exposed and 51 unexposed factory workers in Guangdong, China. Linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders were used to compare marker levels in exposed and unexposed workers. RESULTS We found significantly lower circulating levels of two markers among exposed factory workers compared with unexposed controls that remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders and multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate of 10%, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (36.2 pg/ml in exposed versus 48.4 pg/ml in controls, P = 0.0008) and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (52.7 pg/ml in exposed versus 75.0 pg/ml in controls, P = 0.0028), suggesting immunosuppression among formaldehyde-exposed workers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with recently emerging understanding that immunosuppression might be associated with myeloid diseases. These findings, if replicated in a larger study, may provide insights into the mechanisms by which formaldehyde promotes leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jie Seow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhiying Ji
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Troy J Kemp
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Chuangyi Qiu
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Boris Reiss
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Weihong Guo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cuiju Wen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laiyu Li
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hanlin Huang
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China, and HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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25
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Ciftci G, Aksoy A, Cenesiz S, Sogut MU, Yarim GF, Nisbet C, Guvenc D, Ertekin A. Therapeutic role of curcumin in oxidative DNA damage caused by formaldehyde. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:391-5. [PMID: 25761397 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Formaldehyde is a common environmental contaminant that causes oxidative DNA damage in cells by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), tumor protein 53(TP53), beta-amyloid[Aß(1-42), Aß (1-40)], total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the therapeutic role of curcumin in rat cells with oxidative DNA damage caused by formaldehyde. METHOD The control group was given physiological saline for 15 days (i.p.) and the second group was given 37% formaldehyde (i.p.) at a dose of 9 mg/kg group every other day. The third group was given 9 mg/kg formaldehyde (i.p.) every other day and treated therapeutically with 100 mg/kg curcumin every day by gavage. At the end of the trial period, urine, blood, and brain tissue was collected from the rats. RESULTS The levels of MDA in sera were increased and the TAC, TP53, and Aß (1-40) levels were reduced in the formaldehyde-treated group with respect to the control group (p<0.005). After treatment with curcumin, the levels of sera MDA were significantly reduced, the TAC, TP53, and Aß (1-40) levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The levels of whole brain Aß (1-42) and 8-OhdG were increased in the formaldehyde-treated group and reduced after treatment with curcumin (P < 0.05). Urinary 8-OhdG excretion increased in the formaldehyde-treated group (P < 0.05) and decreased after treatment with curcumin (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the oxidative stress caused by formaldehyde exposure was reduced with the application of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Ciftci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55210, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
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26
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Costa S, Carvalho S, Costa C, Coelho P, Silva S, Santos LS, Gaspar JF, Porto B, Laffon B, Teixeira JP. Increased levels of chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage in a group of workers exposed to formaldehyde. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:463-73. [PMID: 25711496 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a commonly used chemical in anatomy and pathology laboratories as a tissue preservative and fixative. Because of its sensitising properties, irritating effects and cancer implication, FA accounts probably for the most important chemical-exposure hazard concerning this professional group. Evidence for genotoxic effects and carcinogenic properties in humans is insufficient and conflicting, particularly in regard to the ability of inhaled FA to induce toxicity on other cells besides first contact tissues, such as buccal and nasal cells. To evaluate the effects of exposure to FA in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, a group of 84 anatomy pathology laboratory workers exposed occupationally to FA and 87 control subjects were tested for chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and DNA damage (comet assay). The level of exposure to FA in the workplace air was evaluated. The association between genotoxicity biomarkers and polymorphic genes of xenobiotic-metabolising and DNA repair enzymes were also assessed. The estimated mean level of FA exposure was 0.38±0.03 ppm. All cytogenetic endpoints assessed by CAs test and comet assay % tail DNA (%TDNA) were significantly higher in FA-exposed workers compared with controls. Regarding the effect of susceptibility biomarkers, results suggest that polymorphisms in CYP2E1 and GSTP1 metabolic genes, as well as, XRCC1 and PARP1 polymorphic genes involved in DNA repair pathways are associated with higher genetic damage in FA-exposed subjects. Data obtained in this study show a potential health risk situation of anatomy pathology laboratory workers exposed to FA (0.38 ppm). Implementation of security and hygiene measures may be crucial to decrease risk. The obtained information may also provide new important data to be used by health care programs and by governmental agencies responsible for occupational health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano nº 321, Porto 4000-055, Portugal Epidemiology Research Unit - Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano nº 321, Porto 4000-055, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano nº 321, Porto 4000-055, Portugal Epidemiology Research Unit - Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Coelho
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano nº 321, Porto 4000-055, Portugal
| | - Susana Silva
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano nº 321, Porto 4000-055, Portugal
| | - Luís S Santos
- Toxomics, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Edifício CEDOC II, Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, Lisboa 1150-082, Portugal Department of Health Sciences, Portuguese Catholic University, Estrada da Circunvalação, Viseu 3504-505, Portugal
| | - Jorge F Gaspar
- Toxomics, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Edifício CEDOC II, Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, Lisboa 1150-082, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Porto
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Universidade da Coruña, Campus Elviña s/n, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - João P Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano nº 321, Porto 4000-055, Portugal Epidemiology Research Unit - Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal
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27
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Formaldehyde induces the bone marrow toxicity in mice by regulating the expression of Prx3 protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:82-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Wei H, Tan K, Sun R, Yin L, Zhang J, Pu Y. Aberrant production of Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines in serum of C57BL/6 mice after short-term formaldehyde exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:10036-50. [PMID: 25264680 PMCID: PMC4210965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that formaldehyde (FA) could cause immunotoxicity by changing the number of T lymphocytes and that cytokines play a pivotal role in the regulation of T lymphocytes. However, the previously used cytokine detection methods are difficult to use in the measurement of several cytokines in a small amount of sample for one test. Therefore, the cytometric bead array (CBA) technique was used. CBA showed better analytical efficiency and sensitivity than the previous methods. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the control (normal saline), low FA concentration (0.5 mg/kg), and high FA concentration (2 mg/kg) for 1 week or 1 month. The contents of cytokines, including Th1-related cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor), Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), and Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A), were measured by using the BD FACS Canto II Flow Cytometer and analyzed by FCAP ArrayTM Software. Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines showed a slightly decreasing trend after low FA exposure. Conversely, a significantly increasing trend was found after high FA exposure. Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines all serve important functions in the immune reactions in mice after FA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kehong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Effects of formaldehyde on lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the peripheral blood of exposed workers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104069. [PMID: 25157974 PMCID: PMC4144836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a well-known irritant, and it is suggested to increase the risk of immune diseases and cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution of major lymphocyte subsets and cytokine expression profiles in the peripheral blood of FA-exposed workers. A total of 118 FA-exposed workers and 79 controls were enrolled in the study. High performance liquid chromatography, flow cytometry, and cytometric bead array were used to analyze FA in air sample and formic acid in urine, blood lymphocyte subpopulations, and serum cytokines, respectively. The FA-exposed workers were divided into low and high exposure groups according to their exposure levels. The results showed that both the low and high FA-exposed groups had a significant increase of formic acid in urine when compared to the controls. Both the low and high exposure groups had a significant increase in the percentage of B cells (CD19+) compared to the control group (p<0.01). A significant increase in the percentage of the natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+) was observed in the low exposure group compared to the control (p = 0.013). Moreover, the FA-exposed workers in both exposure groups showed a significant higher level of IL-10 but lower level of IL-8 than the control (p<0.01). Subjects in the high exposure group had a higher level of IL-4 but a lower level of IFN-γ than the control (p<0.05). Finally, there is a significant correlation between the levels of IL-10, IL-4, and IL-8 and formic acid (p<0.05). The findings from the present study may explain, at least in part, the association between FA exposure and immune diseases and cancer.
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30
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Fulazzaky MA, Talaiekhozani A, Majid MZA, Ponraj M, Goli A. Evaluation of gas retention time effects on the bio-trickling filter reactor performance for treating air contaminated with formaldehyde. RSC Adv 2013; 3:17462. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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