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Grishanova AY, Perepechaeva ML. Kynurenic Acid/AhR Signaling at the Junction of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6933. [PMID: 39000041 PMCID: PMC11240928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent systemic chronic inflammatory conditions are linked with many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of death across the globe. Among various risk factors, one of the new possible contributors to CVDs is the metabolism of essential amino acid tryptophan. Proinflammatory signals promote tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP), thereby resulting in the biosynthesis of several immunomodulatory metabolites whose biological effects are associated with the development of symptoms and progression of various inflammatory diseases. Some participants in the KP are agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a central player in a signaling pathway that, along with a regulatory influence on the metabolism of environmental xenobiotics, performs a key immunomodulatory function by triggering various cellular mechanisms with the participation of endogenous ligands to alleviate inflammation. An AhR ligand with moderate affinity is the central metabolite of the KP: KYN; one of the subsequent metabolites of KYN-kynurenic acid (KYNA)-is a more potent ligand of AhR. Understanding the role of AhR pathway-related metabolites of the KP that regulate inflammatory factors in cells of the cardiovascular system is interesting and important for achieving effective treatment of CVDs. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of studies about the participation of the KP metabolite-KYNA-and of the AhR signaling pathway in the regulation of inflammation in pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels and about the possible interaction of KYNA with AhR signaling in some CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria L. Perepechaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia;
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Lu W, Cheng S, Xu J, Xiao Z, Yu Y, Xie Q, Fang Y, Chen R, Shen B, Xie Y, Ding X. Roles of AhR/CYP1s signaling pathway mediated ROS production in uremic cardiomyopathy. Toxicol Lett 2024; 396:81-93. [PMID: 38670245 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uremic cardiomyopathy (UCM) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) related mortality. Uremic toxins including indoxyl sulfate (IS) play important role during the progression of UCM. This study was to explore the underlying mechanism of IS related myocardial injury. METHODS UCM rat model was established through five-sixths nephrectomy to evaluate its effects on blood pressure, cardiac impairment, and histological changes using echocardiography and histological analysis. Additionally, IS was administered to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and the human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16. DHE staining and peroxide-sensitive dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) was conducted to assess the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was estimated using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining and immunofluorescence. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) translocation was observed by immunofluorescence. The activation of AhR was evaluated by immunoblotting of cytochrome P450 1 s (CYP1s) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of AHRR and PTGS2. Additionally, the pro-oxidative and pro-hypertrophic effects were evaluated using the AhR inhibitor CH-223191, the CYP1s inhibitor Alizarin and the ROS scavenger N-Acetylcysteine (NAC). RESULTS UCM rat model was successfully established, and cardiac hypertrophy, accompanied by increased blood pressure, and myocardial fibrosis. Further research confirmed the activation of the AhR pathway in UCM rats including AhR translocation and downstream protein CYP1s expression, accompanied with increasing ROS production detected by DHE staining. In vitro experiment demonstrated a translocation of AhR triggered by IS, leading to significant increase of downstream gene expression. Subsequently study indicated a close relationship between the production of ROS and the activation of AhR/CYP1s, which was effectively blocked by applying AhR inhibitor, CYP1s inhibitor and siRNA against AhR. Moreover, the inhibition of AhR/CYP1s/ROS pathway collectively blocked the pro-hypertrophic effect of IS-mediated cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that the AhR/CYP1s pathway is activated in UCM rats, and this activation is correlated with the uremic toxin IS. In vitro studies indicate that IS can stimulate the AhR translocation in cardiomyocyte, triggering to the production of intracellular ROS via CYP1s. This process leads to prolonged oxidative stress stimulation and thus contributes to the progression of uremic toxin-mediated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, China; Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Key Laboratory of Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, China; Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Key Laboratory of Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, China; Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Key Laboratory of Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Xiao
- Division of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiwen Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University; Nephrology, China; Clinical Quality Control Center of Xiamen, No.668 Jinhu Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, China; Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Key Laboratory of Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, China; Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Key Laboratory of Shanghai, China.
| | - Yeqing Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, China; Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Key Laboratory of Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, China; Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Key Laboratory of Shanghai, China.
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Li K, Li K, He Y, Liang S, Shui X, Lei W. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: A bridge linking immuno-inflammation and metabolism in atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115744. [PMID: 37579858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and atherosclerosis is a major contributor to this etiology. The ligand-activated transcription factor, known as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), plays an essential role in the interactions between genes and the environment. In a number of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, the AhR signaling pathway has recently been shown to be aberrantly expressed and activated. It's reported that AhR can regulate the immuno-inflammatory response and metabolism pathways in atherosclerosis, potentially serving as a bridge that links these processes. In this review, we highlight the involvement of AhR in atherosclerosis. From the literature, we conclude that AhR is a potential target for controlling atherosclerosis through precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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Wang Y, Song J, Yu K, Nie D, Zhao C, Jiao L, Wang Z, Zhou L, Wang F, Yu Q, Zhang S, Wen Z, Wu J, Wang CY, Wang DW, Cheng J, Zhao C. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Deletion-Mediated Kynurenine Insufficiency Inhibits Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Hypertension 2023; 80:2099-2111. [PMID: 37485661 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant amino acid metabolism is implicated in cardiac hypertrophy, while the involvement of tryptophan metabolism in pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) and its metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) on pathological cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Transverse aortic constriction was performed to induce cardiac hypertrophy in IDO1-knockout (KO) mice and AAV9-cTNT-shIDO1 mice. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the metabolites of tryptophan-Kyn pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual luciferase assay were used to validate the binding of protein and DNA. RESULTS IDO1 expression was upregulated in both human and murine hypertrophic myocardium, alongside with increased IDO1 activity and Kyn content in transverse aortic constriction-induced mice's hearts using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Myocardial remodeling and heart function were significantly improved in transverse aortic constriction-induced IDO1-KO mice, but were greatly exacerbated with subcutaneous Kyn administration. IDO1 inhibition or Kyn addition confirmed the alleviation or aggravation of hypertrophy in cardiomyocyte treated with isoprenaline, respectively. Mechanistically, IDO1 and metabolite Kyn contributed to pathological hypertrophy via the AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor)-GATA4 (GATA binding protein 4) axis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that IDO1 deficiency and consequent Kyn insufficiency can protect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy by decreasing GATA4 expression in an AhR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Jia Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.S.)
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Daan Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (D.N.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China (D.N.)
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Liping Jiao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China (L.J.)
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.Y., S.Z., C.-Y.W.)
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.Y., S.Z., C.-Y.W.)
| | - Zheng Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.Y., S.Z., C.-Y.W.)
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.W., K.Y., Chengcheng Zhao, Z. Wang, L.Z., F.W., Z. Wen, J.W., D.W.W., J.C., Chunxia Zhao)
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Mandal A, Biswas N, Alam MN. Implications of xenobiotic-response element(s) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor in health and diseases. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1638-1655. [PMID: 37329424 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of air pollution on public health is severely detrimental. In humans; the physiological response against pollutants is mainly elicited via the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). It acts as a prime sensor of xenobiotic chemicals, also functioning as a transcription factor regulating a variety of gene expressions. Along with AhR, another pivotal element of the pollution stress pathway is Xenobiotic Response Elements (XREs). XRE, as studied are some conserved sequences in the DNA, responsible for the physiological response against pollutants. XRE is present at the upstream of the inducible target genes of AhR and it regulates the function of the AhR. XRE(s) are highly conserved in species as it has only eight specific sequences found so far in humans, mice, and rats. Inhalation of toxicants like dioxins, gaseous industrial effluents, and smoke from burning fuel and tobacco leads to predominant damage to the lungs. However, scientists are exploring the involvement of AhR in chronic diseases for example chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and also other lethal diseases like lung cancer. In this review, we summarise what is known at this time about the roles played by the XRE and AhR in our molecular systems that have a defined control in the normal maintenance of homeostasis as well as dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mandal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Nabendu Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Md Nur Alam
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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Patil NY, Friedman JE, Joshi AD. Role of Hepatic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. RECEPTORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:1-15. [PMID: 37284280 PMCID: PMC10240927 DOI: 10.3390/receptors2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous nuclear receptors including farnesoid X receptor, liver X receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, pregnane X receptor, hepatic nuclear factors have been extensively studied within the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Following the first description of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in the 1970s and decades of research which unveiled its role in toxicity and pathophysiological processes, the functional significance of AhR in NAFLD has not been completely decoded. Recently, multiple research groups have utilized a plethora of in vitro and in vivo models that mimic NAFLD pathology to investigate the functional significance of AhR in fatty liver disease. This review provides a comprehensive account of studies describing both the beneficial and possible detrimental role of AhR in NAFLD. A plausible reconciliation for the paradox indicating AhR as a 'double-edged sword' in NAFLD is discussed. Finally, understanding AhR ligands and their signaling in NAFLD will facilitate us to probe AhR as a potential drug target to design innovative therapeutics against NAFLD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Y. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Aditya D. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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Salminen A. Mutual antagonism between aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (AhR/HIF-1α) signaling: Impact on the aging process. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110445. [PMID: 35988806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ambient oxygen level, many environmental toxins, and the rays of ultraviolet light (UV) provide a significant risk for the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) represent a complex sensor system not only for environmental toxins and UV radiation but also for many endogenous ligands, e.g., L-tryptophan metabolites. The AhR signaling system is evolutionarily conserved and AhR homologs existed as many as 600 million years ago. The ancient atmosphere demanded the evolution of an oxygen-sensing system, i.e., hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) and their prolyl hydroxylase regulators (PHD). Given that both signaling systems have important roles in embryogenesis, it seems that they have been involved in the evolution of multicellular organisms. The evolutionary origin of the aging process is unknown although it is most likely associated with the evolution of multicellularity. Intriguingly, there is compelling evidence that while HIF-1α signaling extends the lifespan, that of AhR promotes many age-related degenerative processes, e.g., it increases oxidative stress, inhibits autophagy, promotes cellular senescence, and aggravates extracellular matrix degeneration. In contrast, HIF-1α signaling stimulates autophagy, inhibits cellular senescence, and enhances cell proliferation. Interestingly, there is a clear antagonism between the AhR and HIF-1α signaling pathways. For instance, (i) AhR and HIF-1α factors heterodimerize with the same factor, ARNT/HIF-1β, leading to their competition for DNA-binding, (ii) AhR and HIF-1α signaling exert antagonistic effects on autophagy, and (iii) co-chaperone p23 exhibits specific functions in the signaling of AhR and HIF-1α factors. One might speculate that it is the competition between the AhR and HIF-1α signaling pathways that is a driving force in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Arisaema heterophyllum Blume Monomer Stigmasterol Targets PPAR γ and Inhibits the Viability and Tumorigenicity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells NCI-H1975. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5377690. [PMID: 35911149 PMCID: PMC9328949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5377690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of Arisaema heterophyllum Blume (AhBl) monomer stigmasterol on lung adenocarcinoma in human lung adenocarcinoma cells NCI-H1975 cultured in vitro and in nude mice. Oil red O staining, free fatty acid detection, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and NADPH were applied to elucidate the regulatory effect of stigmasterol on the energy metabolism of NCI-H1975 cells. Simultaneously, colony formation assay and nude mouse tumorigenesis were performed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of stigmasterol on the proliferation and tumorigenesis of NCI-H1975 cells. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 was supplemented to determine the expression changes of cyclins to clarify the regulation mechanism of stigmasterol. The results revealed that stigmasterol administration markedly inhibited the viability but promoted lipid deposition of NCI-H1975 cells. Meanwhile, the reduction of cell energy metabolism affected cell proliferation and colony formation. qPCR and western blot assays indicated that stigmasterol played a role in regulating the expression of cyclins and PPARγ signaling pathway proteins. Nude mouse tumorigenesis suggested that tumor size and weight in the stigmasterol-treated group were apparently lower as compared with the control group. Tumor tissue cells developed varying degrees of degeneration and large areas of ischemic necrosis presented in the central and peripheral cells. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that Ki67 expression in the stigmasterol group was substantially inhibited, while PPARγ expression was greatly elevated as compared with the control. GW9662 could mediate the inhibitory effect of stigmasterol on NCI-H1975 cells. The current study demonstrated that stigmasterol targeted PPARγ and inhibited the viability and tumorigenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells NCI-H1975.
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Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Prevention of Abdominal Adhesions: A Scoping Review. J Surg Res 2022; 275:252-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Yang CE, Wang YN, Hua MR, Miao H, Zhao YY, Cao G. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: From pathogenesis to therapeutic targets in aging-related tissue fibrosis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101662. [PMID: 35688331 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging promotes chronic inflammation, which contributes to fibrosis and decreases organ function. Fibrosis, the excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix components, is the main cause of most chronic diseases including aging-related organ failure. Organ fibrosis in the heart, liver, and kidneys is the final manifestation of many chronic diseases. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and highly conserved transcription factor that is activated by a variety of small-molecule ligands to affect a wide array of tissue homeostasis functions. In recent years, mounting evidence has revealed that AHR plays an important role in multi-organ fibrosis initiation, progression, and therapy. In this review, we summarise the relationship between AHR and the pathogenesis of aging-related tissue fibrosis, and further discuss how AHR modulates tissue fibrosis by regulating transforming growth factor-β signalling, immune response, and mitochondrial function, which may offer novel targets for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-E Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Meng-Ru Hua
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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11
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Xu X, Li Y, Niu Z, Xia J, Dai K, Wang C, Yao W, Guo Y, Deng X, He J, Deng M, Si H, Hao C. Inhibition of HIF-1α Attenuates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116775. [PMID: 35682354 PMCID: PMC9180362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix is a key feature of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and myofibroblasts are the main producers of extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts are the major source of myofibroblasts, but the mechanisms of transdifferentiation are unclear. Methods: In vitro, transforming growth factor-β1 was used to induce NIH-3T3 cell transdifferentiation. DMOG was used to increase hypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit (HIF-1α) expression. KC7F2 and siRNA decreased HIF-1α expression. In vivo, silica particles were used to induce PF in C57BL/6N mice, and KC7F2 was used to reduce HIF-1α expression in C57BL/6N mice. Western blot was used to detect the expression of collagen type 1 alpha 1(COL1A1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), SMAD family member (SAMD) 3, Phospho-SMAD3 (PSMAD3), and HIF-1α. PCR was used to detect the expression of COL1A1, α-SMA, and HIF-1α. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of COL1A1 and HIF-1α. Results: In vitro, compared to the control group, COL1A1, α-SMA, PSMAD3, and HIF-1α expression were elevated in the DMOG group, and COL1A1, α-SMA, PSMAD3, and HIF-1α expression were decreased in the KC7F2 group and siRNA group. Compared to the DMOG group, COL1A1, α-SMA, and PSMAD3 expression were decreased in the DMOG + SIS3 group. In vivo, compared to the saline group, COL1A1, α-SMA, PSMAD3, and HIF-1α expression were increased in the pulmonary tissue of C57BL/6N mice in the silica group. Compared to the silica group, COL1A1, α-SMA, PSMAD3, and HIF-1α expression and the degree of PF were decreased in the silica + KC7F2 group. Conclusion: Inhibition of HIF-1α reduced α-SMA, decreased COL1A1 expression, and attenuated the degree of PF in C57BL/6N mice. Therefore, HIF-1α may be a new target for the treatment of silica-induced PF.
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12
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Yu HX, Feng Z, Lin W, Yang K, Liu RQ, Li JQ, Liu XY, Pei M, Yang HT. Ongoing Clinical Trials in Aging-Related Tissue Fibrosis and New Findings Related to AhR Pathways. Aging Dis 2022; 13:732-752. [PMID: 35656117 PMCID: PMC9116921 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological manifestation of wound healing that replaces dead/damaged tissue with collagen-rich scar tissue to maintain homeostasis, and complications from fibrosis contribute to nearly half of all deaths in the industrialized world. Ageing is closely associated with a progressive decline in organ function, and the prevalence of tissue fibrosis dramatically increases with age. Despite the heavy clinical and economic burden of organ fibrosis as the population ages, to date, there is a paucity of therapeutic strategies that are specifically designed to slow fibrosis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an environment-sensing transcription factor that exacerbates aging phenotypes in different tissues that has been brought back into the spotlight again with economic development since AhR could interact with persistent organic pollutants derived from incomplete waste combustion. In addition, gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, and microbiota-associated tryptophan metabolites are dedicated contributors to fibrogenesis by acting as AhR ligands. Therefore, a better understanding of the effects of tryptophan metabolites on fibrosis modulation through AhR may facilitate the exploitation of new therapeutic avenues for patients with organ fibrosis. In this review, we primarily focus on how tryptophan-derived metabolites are involved in renal fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis and cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, a series of ongoing clinical trials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Xing Yu
- 1Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- 3Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Lin
- 1Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- 4Kidney Disease Treatment Center, The first affiliated hospital of Henan university of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui-Qi Liu
- 1Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- 1Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liu
- 1Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Pei
- 1Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yang
- 1Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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13
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Xiang K, Shen P, Gao Z, Liu Z, Hu X, Liu B, Fu Y. Formononetin Protects LPS-Induced Mastitis Through Suppressing Inflammation and Enhancing Blood-Milk Barrier Integrity via AhR-Induced Src Inactivation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814319. [PMID: 35185907 PMCID: PMC8850474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formononetin (FOR), a natural flavonoid derived from Radix Astragali, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. However, its protective mechanism against mastitis is still unknown. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays an important role in inflammation, especially mastitis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in inflammatory regulation and defense against diseases. We investigated the protective effect of FOR on LPS-induced mastitis in mice and the effect of Ahr and NF-κB signaling pathways on the development of mastitis. In this study, mastitis model was induced by LPS injection through the nipple duct. Protective effect of FOR on LPS-induced mastitis was assessed by FOR pretreatment. The protective mechanism of FOR against mastitis was further investigated using LPS stimulation on mouse mammary epithelial cells EpH4-Ev. The results showed that LPS-induced mammary histological injury was inhibited by FOR. FOR significantly inhibited LPS-induced MPO activity. FOR administration enhanced the integrity of blood-milk barrier. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that FOR inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation and the production of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1ß. Moreover, FOR increased the expression of tight junction protein and enhanced blood-milk barrier integrity. LPS activated AhR and Src expression. But FOR induced significant increase in AhR inhibited Src phosphorylation to exert anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, AhR antagonist CH223191 reversed the inhibition of FOR on Src expression. And the inhibition of FOR on NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production were reversed by AhR antagonist CH223191. In conclusion, FOR had protective effects against LPS-induced mastitis via suppressing inflammation and enhancing blood-milk barrier integrity via AhR-induced Src inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihe Xiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyang Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mechanisms Affecting Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:782199. [PMID: 35237156 PMCID: PMC8882872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.782199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds diverse endogenous and xenobiotic ligands, which regulate AHR stability, transcriptional activity, and cell signaling. AHR activity is strongly implicated throughout the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many diverse organic molecules bind and activate AHR and these ligands are reported to either promote glomerular and tubular damage or protect against kidney injury. AHR crosstalk with estrogen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and NF-κB pathways may contribute to the diversity of AHR responses during the various forms and stages of CKD. The roles of AHR in kidney fibrosis, metabolism and the renin angiotensin system are described to offer insight into CKD pathogenesis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Indoxyl Sulfate Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome to Induce Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction Accompanied by Myocardial Fibrosis and Hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:365-377. [PMID: 35088197 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD), high serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) levels correlate with cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy and thus a critical risk factor for heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of IS on cardiac function and inflammasome pathway in a rat model of CKD. We assessed the physiological and pathological changes and measured biomarkers of fibrosis and hypertrophy in the hearts of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS), DS hypertensive (DH), and DH IS-treated rats (DH + IS). Low left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV dilatation, and advanced myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy were observed in DH + IS, which resemble changes found in uremic cardiomyopathy. These changes were independent of renal function and blood pressure. RT-PCR and western blotting analysis showed upregulation of fibrosis and hypertrophy-related biomarkers and adhesion molecules in the hearts of DH + IS rats. IS activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), and inflammasome in the myocardium of DH + IS rat. Moreover, IS upregulated the expression of critical NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, and procaspase-1) and increased production of IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, IS upregulated various inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGFβ1, in the myocardium. Our results suggested that IS induced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy and impaired LV function through activation of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome via the AHR/NF-κB pathway.
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16
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Zhang S, Ou K, Huang J, Fang L, Wang C. In utero exposure to mixed PAHs causes heart mass reduction in adult male mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112804. [PMID: 34555720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a risk factor for the occurrence of cardiac diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of prenatal exposure to a mixed PAHs on heart and the underlying mechanism. Pregnant mice were orally administered with a mixture of 8 kinds of PAHs (0, 5, 50, 500 μg/kg body weight) once every 2 days for a total of 8 dosages. The mixed PAHs contained naphthalene, acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene at a weight ratio of 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 1: 1: 1. The adult males, not females, showed significantly decreased heart/body weight ratio, which was attributed to the loss of cardiac fiber and the increase of cell apoptosis. The protein expression of transforming growth factor β1 and its downstream transcription factors, Smad3 and Smad4, was significantly downregulated, which caused the loss of cardiac fiber. The downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AKT led to increased expression of caspase3, caspase9, BAX and reduced expression of Bcl-2, which was responsible for the increased cell apoptosis. Different levels of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor and sex hormone receptors between males and females were associated with the distinct effect on heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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17
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SB203580-A Potent p38 MAPK Inhibitor Reduces the Profibrotic Bronchial Fibroblasts Transition Associated with Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312790. [PMID: 34884593 PMCID: PMC8657816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Subepithelial fibrosis is a component of the remodeling observed in the bronchial wall of patients diagnosed with asthma. In this process, human bronchial fibroblasts (HBFs) drive the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) in response to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which activates the canonical Smad-dependent signaling. However, the pleiotropic properties of TGF-β1 also promote the activation of non-canonical signaling pathways which can affect the FMT. In this study we investigated the effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibition by SB203580 on the FMT potential of HBFs derived from asthmatic patients using immunocytofluorescence, real-time PCR and Western blotting methods. Our results demonstrate for the first time the strong effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on the TGF-β1-induced FMT potential throughout the strong attenuation of myofibroblast-related markers: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin and connexin 43 in HBFs. We suggest the pleiotropic mechanism of SB203580 on FMT impairment in HBF populations by the diminishing of TGF-β/Smad signaling activation and disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton architecture along with the maturation of focal adhesion sites. These observations justify future research on the role of p38 kinase in FMT efficiency and bronchial wall remodeling in asthma.
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18
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Sun Z, Xu D, Zhao L, Li X, Li S, Huang X, Li C, Sun L, Liu B, Jiang Z, Zhang L. A new therapeutic effect of fenofibrate in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: The promotion of myostatin degradation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1237-1250. [PMID: 34553378 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative muscle disease with no effective drug treatment. This study investigated the positive effects of fenofibrate on dystrophic muscles. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Myostatin expression in serum and muscle tissue of DMD patients and mdx mice were tested. Primary myoblasts isolated from mdx mice were challenged with an inflammatory stimulus and treated with fenofibrate. In animal experiments, 6-week-old male mdx mice were treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg) administered orally once per day for 6 weeks. Tests of muscle function plus histology and biochemical analyses of serum were conducted to evaluate the effects of fenofibrate. The expressions of myostatin, MuRF1, and atrogin-1 in skeletal muscle were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Total and oxidative myosin heavy chain (MHC) were assessed via immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS Increased expression of myostatin protein was found in dystrophic muscle of DMD patients and mdx mice. Fenofibrate enhanced myofibre differentiation by downregulating the expression of myostatin protein but not mRNA in primary myoblasts of mdx mice. Fenofibrate significantly improved muscle function while ameliorating muscle damage in mdx mice. These benefits are accompanied by an anti-inflammatory effect. Fenofibrate treatment returned myofibre function by inhibiting the expressions of myostatin, MuRF1, and atrogin-1 protein in the gastrocnemius muscle and diaphragm, while leaving the mRNA level of myostatin unaffected. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Fenofibrate substantially slows muscle dystrophy by promoting the degradation of myostatin protein, which may indicate a new therapeutic focus for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeren Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengqiu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihua Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Developmental and lifelong dioxin exposure induces measurable changes in cardiac structure and function in adulthood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10378. [PMID: 34001975 PMCID: PMC8129097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality. A precise etiology for CHD remains elusive, but likely results from interactions between genetic and environmental factors during development, when the heart adapts to physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Further, it has become clearer that early exposure to toxins that do not result in overt CHD may be associated with adverse cardiac outcomes that are not manifested until later life. Previously, interference with endogenous developmental functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), either by gene ablation or by in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent AHR ligand, was shown to cause structural, molecular and functional cardiac abnormalities and altered heart physiology in mouse embryos. Here, we show that continuous exposure to TCDD from fertilization throughout adulthood caused male mice to underperform at exercise tolerance tests compared to their control and female counterparts, confirming previous observations of a sexually dimorphic phenotype. Renin-angiotensin stimulation by angiotensin II (Ang II) caused measurable increases in blood pressure and left ventricle mass, along with decreased end diastolic volume and preserved ejection fraction. Interestingly, TCDD exposure caused measurable reductions in the myocardial hypertrophic effects of Ang II, suggesting that endogenous AHR signaling present in adulthood may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy. Overall, the findings reported in this pilot study highlight the complex systems underlying TCDD exposure in the development of cardiac dysfunction in later life.
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20
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Zhou K, Chang Y, Han B, Li R, Wei Y. MicroRNAs as crucial mediators in the pharmacological activities of triptolide (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:499. [PMID: 33791008 PMCID: PMC8005665 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is the main bioactive constituent isolated from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., which possesses a variety of pharmacological properties. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs are implicated in several intracellular processes, whereby their dysregulation contributes to pathogenesis of various diseases. Thus, miRNAs have great potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diseases, and are implicated in drug treatment. Previous studies have reported that specific miRNAs are targeted, and their expression levels can be altered following exposure to triptolide. Thus, miRNAs are emerging as crucial mediators in the pharmacological activities of triptolide. The present review summarizes current literature on miRNAs as target molecules in the pharmacological activities of triptolide, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, renal protective, cardioprotective, antiangiogenesis activities and multiorgan toxicity effects. In addition, the diverse signaling pathways involved are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of triptolide in the regulation of target miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Shanxi Institute of Energy, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Yinxia Chang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
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21
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Coelho NR, Matos C, Pimpão AB, Correia MJ, Sequeira CO, Morello J, Pereira SA, Monteiro EC. AHR canonical pathway: in vivo findings to support novel antihypertensive strategies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105407. [PMID: 33418029 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (HTN) is a disease where genetic and environmental factors interact to produce a high prevalent set of almost indistinguishable phenotypes. The weak definition of what is under the umbrella of HTN is a consequence of the lack of knowledge on the players involved in environment-gene interaction and their impact on blood pressure (BP) and mechanisms. The disclosure of these mechanisms that sense and (mal)adapt to toxic-environmental stimuli might at least determine some phenotypes of essential HTN and will have important therapeutic implications. In the present manuscript, we looked closer to the environmental sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in cardiovascular physiology, but better known by its involvement in biotransformation of xenobiotics through its canonical pathway. This review aims to disclose the contribution of the AHR-canonical pathway to HTN. For better mirror the complexity of the mechanisms involved in BP regulation, we privileged evidence from in vivo studies. Here we ascertained the level of available evidence and a comprehensive characterization of the AHR-related phenotype of HTN. We reviewed clinical and rodent studies on AHR-HTN genetic association and on AHR ligands and their impact on BP. We concluded that AHR is a druggable mechanistic linker of environmental exposure to HTN. We conclude that is worth to investigate the canonical pathway of AHR and the expression/polymorphisms of its related genes and/or other biomarkers (e.g. tryptophan-related ligands), in order to identify patients that may benefit from an AHR-centered antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R Coelho
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Clara Matos
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - António B Pimpão
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - M João Correia
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Catarina O Sequeira
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Emília C Monteiro
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
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22
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Fujita N, Sase K, Tsukahara C, Arizono I, Takagi H, Kitaoka Y. Pemafibrate prevents retinal neuronal cell death in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity via inhibition of p-c-Jun expression. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:195-202. [PMID: 33278012 PMCID: PMC7884588 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is involved in the retinal neuronal cell death in diabetic retinopathy. Although fenofibrate has been shown to ameliorate the progression of diabetic retinopathy, the effect of pemafibrate, which is highly selective for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α on retinal neuronal cell death has not been documented. Here, we investigated whether pemafibrate exerts a beneficial effect against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in rats. Experiments were performed on adult male Wistar rats that received an intravitreal injection of 20 nmol NMDA. Fluoro-Gold labeled RGC morphometry showed that oral intake of pemafibrate once a day for 7 days resulted in significant protection on RGC death induced by NMDA. Phosphorylated c-Jun protein, which is involved in apoptosis, was upregulated after NMDA exposure, and this increase was significantly lessened by the systemic pemafibrate treatment. Phosphorylated c-Jun immunopositive cells were colocalized with Thy-1 immunopositive cells, and the increased these cells were ameliorated by the pemafibrate treatment. An increase in TUNEL-positive cells was significantly suppressed by the pemafibrate treatment. Phosphorylated c-Jun immunopositive cells were colocalized with TUNEL-positive cells, and they were decreased by pemafibrate treatment. These results suggest that the RGC protection achieved with pemafibrate appears to be associated with inhibition of phosphorylated c-Jun and its anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kana Sase
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Ibuki Arizono
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kitaoka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kaswasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
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23
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Mescoli A, Maffei G, Pillo G, Bortone G, Marchesi S, Morandi E, Ranzi A, Rotondo F, Serra S, Vaccari M, Zauli Sajani S, Mascolo MG, Jacobs MN, Colacci A. The Secretive Liaison of Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2. A Hypothesis and Theory Investigation. Front Genet 2020; 11:579964. [PMID: 33240326 PMCID: PMC7680895 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.579964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the novel coronavirus disease sweeps across the world, there is growing speculation on the role that atmospheric factors may have played on the different distribution of SARS-CoV-2, and on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19. Knowing the role that environmental factors play in influenza virus outbreaks, environmental pollution and, in particular, atmospheric airborne (particulate matter, PM) has been considered as a potential key factor in the spread and mortality of COVID-19. A possible role of the PM as the virus carrier has also been debated. The role of PM in exacerbating respiratory and cardiovascular disease has been well recognized. Accumulating evidence support the hypothesis that PM can trigger inflammatory response at molecular, cellular and organ levels. On this basis, we developed the hypothesis that PM may play a role as a booster of COVID-19 rather than as a carrier of SARS-CoV-2. To support our hypothesis, we analyzed the molecular signatures detected in cells exposed to PM samples collected in one of the most affected areas by the COVID-19 outbreak, in Italy. T47D human breast adenocarcinoma cells were chosen to explore the global gene expression changes induced by the treatment with organic extracts of PM 2.5. The analysis of the KEGG's pathways showed modulation of several gene networks related to the leucocyte transendothelial migration, cytoskeleton and adhesion system. Three major biological process were identified, including coagulation, growth control and immune response. The analysis of the modulated genes gave evidence for the involvement of PM in the endothelial disease, coagulation disorders, diabetes and reproductive toxicity, supporting the hypothesis that PM, directly or through molecular interplay, affects the same molecular targets as so far known for SARS-COV-2, contributing to the cytokines storm and to the aggravation of the symptoms triggered by COVID-19. We provide evidence for a plausible cooperation of receptors and transmembrane proteins, targeted by PM and involved in COVID-19, together with new insights into the molecular interplay of chemicals and pathogens that could be of importance for sustaining public health policies and developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Mescoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Section of Cancerology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giangabriele Maffei
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Section of Cancerology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Pillo
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bortone
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchesi
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Elena Morandi
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Francesca Rotondo
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Stefania Serra
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | | | | | - Miriam Naomi Jacobs
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Section of Cancerology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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24
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Miao H, Wu XQ, Zhang DD, Wang YN, Guo Y, Li P, Xiong Q, Zhao YY. Deciphering the cellular mechanisms underlying fibrosis-associated diseases and therapeutic avenues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105316. [PMID: 33248198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components, which results in disruption of tissue architecture and loss of organ function. Fibrosis leads to high morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly due to the lack of effective therapeutic strategies against fibrosis. It is generally accepted that fibrosis occurs during an aberrant wound healing process and shares a common pathogenesis across different organs such as the heart, liver, kidney, and lung. A better understanding of the fibrosis-related cellular and molecular mechanisms will be helpful for development of targeted drug therapies. Extensive studies revealed that numerous mediators contributed to fibrogenesis, suggesting that targeting these mediators may be an effective therapeutic strategy for antifibrosis. In this review, we describe a number of mediators involved in tissue fibrosis, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Yes-associated protein, cannabinoid receptors, angiopoietin-like protein 2, high mobility group box 1, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1, SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2, and long non-coding RNAs, with the goal that drugs targeting these important mediators might exhibit a beneficial effect on antifibrosis. In addition, these mediators show profibrotic effects on multiple tissues, suggesting that targeting these mediators will exert antifibrotic effects on different organs. Furthermore, we present a variety of compounds that exhibit therapeutic effects against fibrosis. This review suggests therapeutic avenues for targeting organ fibrosis and concurrently identifies challenges and opportunities for designing new therapeutic strategies against fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 1700 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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25
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Proteomic identification of the proteins related to cigarette smoke-induced cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18825. [PMID: 33139745 PMCID: PMC7608641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to determine the effects of 2-month exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) on proteins in the left ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to identify the molecular targets associated with the pathogenesis/progression of CS-induced cardiac hypertrophy. SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were exposed to CS at low (2 puffs/min for 40 min) or high dose (2 puffs/min for 120 min), 5 days a week for 2 months. Using the two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry, we compared differences in the expression levels of proteins in the whole left ventricles induced by long-term smoking. High-dose CS mainly caused cardiac hypertrophy in SHR, but not WKY, but no change in blood pressure. Proteomic analysis identified 30 protein spots with significant alterations, with 14 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated proteins in the left ventricles of CS-exposed SHR, compared with control SHR. Among these proteins, two members of the heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP20) showed significant up-regulation in the left ventricles of CS high-dose SHR, and the results were confirmed by western blot analysis. Our findings suggested that HSPs play an important role in regulation of CS-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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26
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Abney KK, Galipeau J. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mesenchymal stromal cells: new frontiers in AhR biology. FEBS J 2020; 288:3962-3972. [PMID: 33064873 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are nonhematopoietic cells that have been clinically explored as investigational cellular therapeutics for tissue injury regeneration and immune-mediated diseases. Their pharmaceutical properties arise from activation of endogenous receptors and transcription factors leading to a paracrine effect which mirror the biology of progenitors from which they arise. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that has been extensively studied as an environmental sensor for xenobiotics, but recent findings suggest it can modulate immunological functions. Both genetic and pharmacological investigations revealed that MSCs express AhR and that it plays roles in inflammation, immunomodulation, and mesodermal plasticity of endogenous MSCs. Further, AhR has been shown to interact with key signaling cascades associated with these conditions. Therefore, AhR has potential to be an attractive target in both endogenous and culture-adapted MSCs for novel therapeutics to treat inflammation and other age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher K Abney
- Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin in Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin in Madison, WI, USA
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27
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Tao H, Shi P, Zhao XD, Xuan HY, Ding XS. MeCP2 inactivation of LncRNA GAS5 triggers cardiac fibroblasts activation in cardiac fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 74:109705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Ligands as Selective AHR Modulators (SAhRMs). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186654. [PMID: 32932962 PMCID: PMC7555580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was first identified as the intracellular protein that bound and mediated the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). Subsequent studies show that the AhR plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and in pathophysiology, and there is increasing evidence that the AhR is an important drug target. The AhR binds structurally diverse compounds, including pharmaceuticals, phytochemicals and endogenous biochemicals, some of which may serve as endogenous ligands. Classification of DLCs and non-DLCs based on their persistence (metabolism), toxicities, binding to wild-type/mutant AhR and structural similarities have been reported. This review provides data suggesting that ligands for the AhR are selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) that exhibit tissue/cell-specific AhR agonist and antagonist activities, and that their functional diversity is similar to selective receptor modulators that target steroid hormone and other nuclear receptors.
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29
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Shi Y, Zeng Z, Yu J, Tang B, Tang R, Xiao R. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: An environmental effector in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105180. [PMID: 32877693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a highly conserved transcription factor that can be activated by small molecules provided by dietary, plant, or microbial metabolites, and environmental pollutants. AhR is expressed in many cell types and engages in crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and therefore provides a molecular pathway that integrates environmental cues and metabolic processes. Fibrosis, which is defined as an aberrant extracellular matrix formation, is a reparative process in the terminal stage of chronic diseases. Both environmental and internal factors have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In this review, the potential role of AhR in the process of fibrosis, as well as potential opportunities and challenges in the development of AhR targeting therapeutics, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bingsi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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30
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Liu JR, Cai GY, Ning YC, Wang JC, Lv Y, Guo YN, Fu B, Hong Q, Sun XF, Chen XM. Caloric restriction alleviates aging-related fibrosis of kidney through downregulation of miR-21 in extracellular vesicles. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18052-18072. [PMID: 32963130 PMCID: PMC7585074 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis occur with the aging kidney. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-21, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPARα), hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF-1α) in the kidney of 3-month-old rats fed ad libitum (YAL), 24-month-old rats fed ad libitum (OAL) and 24-month-old rats subjected to a 70% calorie-restricted diet for 8 months (OCR). We found long-term caloric restriction (CR) ameliorated aging and aging-related fibrosis. CR ameliorated the increment of miR-21 and HIF-1α, as well as the decrement of PPARα in old ad libitum group. Human proximal tubular cells (HPTCs) presented phenotypes of senescence and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) under high-glucose conditions, in which senescence occurred earlier than EMT. Senescent cells secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) which contained miR-21 into the recipient cells. Inhibiting miR-21 of donor cells prevented the occurrence of EMT in recipient cells. In addition, miR-21 induced EMT through targeting PPARα protein and consequently enhancing HIF-1α expression, although other pathways cannot be ruled out. These findings demonstrated that miR-21-containing EVs derived from the senescent cells could facilitate EMT of HPTCs via PPARα-HIF-1α signaling pathway. Long-term caloric restriction and caloric restriction mimetics alleviated aging-related-fibrosis of kidney through downregulation of miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-rui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,Renal Transplant Division, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450017, Henan, China
| | - Guang-yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yi-chun Ning
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing-chao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ya-nan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xue-feng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang-mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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31
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Elucidating the fundamental fibrotic processes driving abdominal adhesion formation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4061. [PMID: 32792541 PMCID: PMC7426428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesions are fibrotic scars that form between abdominal organs following surgery or infection, and may cause bowel obstruction, chronic pain, or infertility. Our understanding of adhesion biology is limited, which explains the paucity of anti-adhesion treatments. Here we present a systematic analysis of mouse and human adhesion tissues. First, we show that adhesions derive primarily from the visceral peritoneum, consistent with our clinical experience that adhesions form primarily following laparotomy rather than laparoscopy. Second, adhesions are formed by poly-clonal proliferating tissue-resident fibroblasts. Third, using single cell RNA-sequencing, we identify heterogeneity among adhesion fibroblasts, which is more pronounced at early timepoints. Fourth, JUN promotes adhesion formation and results in upregulation of PDGFRA expression. With JUN suppression, adhesion formation is diminished. Our findings support JUN as a therapeutic target to prevent adhesions. An anti-JUN therapy that could be applied intra-operatively to prevent adhesion formation could dramatically improve the lives of surgical patients.
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32
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Shi J, Xiao P, Liu X, Chen Y, Xu Y, Fan J, Yin Y. Notch3 Modulates Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition via Negative Regulation of the RhoA/ROCK/Hif1α Axis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:669. [PMID: 32695015 PMCID: PMC7339920 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process in multiple cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). Abnormal cardiac fibroblast (CF) activity is a key event in cardiac fibrosis. Although the Notch signaling pathway has been reported to play a vital role in protection from cardiac fibrosis, the exact mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis and protection from it have not yet been elucidated. Similarly, Hif1α and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway have been shown to participate in cardiac fibrosis. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway has been reported to be an upstream pathway of Hif1α in several pathophysiological processes. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of notch3 on CF activity and its relationship with the RhoA/ROCK/Hif1α signaling pathway. Using in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that notch3 inhibited CF proliferation and fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT) and promoted CF apoptosis. A knockdown of notch3 using siRNAs had the exact opposite effect. Next, we found that notch3 regulated CF activity by negative regulation of the RhoA/ROCK/Hif1α signaling pathway. Extending CF-based studies to an in vivo rat MI model, we showed that overexpression of notch3 by the Ad-N3ICD injection attenuated the increase of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, and Hif1α levels following MI and further prevented MI-induced cardiac fibrosis. On the basis of these results, we conclude that notch3 is involved in the regulation of several aspects of CF activity, including proliferation, FMT, and apoptosis, by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK/Hif1α signaling pathway. These findings are significant to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and to ultimately identify new therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis, potentially based on the RhoA/ROCK/Hif1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peilin Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunlin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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33
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Zhao Y, Lin J, Talukder M, Zhu SY, Li MZ, Wang HR, Li JL. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Target for Lycopene Preventing DEHP-Induced Spermatogenic Disorders. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4355-4366. [PMID: 31971381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer to improve product flexibility and workability. Lycopene (LYC) is a natural compound and has promising preventive potentials, especially antireproductive toxicity, but the specific underlying mechanism is yet to be fully defined. Our study investigated the effect of LYC on DEHP-induced spermatogenesis disorders. Male ICR mice were treated with DEHP (500 or 1000 mg/kg BW/day) and/or LYC (5 mg/kg BW/day) for 28 days. Our results indicated that LYC could relieve the DEHP-induced injury of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic cells, swelling of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and an increase of mitochondria. LYC prevented increased levels of nuclear damage to DNA and the deformity rate and decreased values of sperm motility, number, and density. Moreover, LYC treatment decreased DEHP-induced nuclear accumulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT), and the expressions of their downstream target genes such as cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (CYP) 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 were markedly reduced to normal in the LYC treatment group. Our study showed that LYC can prevent DEHP-induced spermatogenic disorders via an AHR/ARNT signaling system. This study provided new evidence of AHR as a target for LYC, which can prevent DEHP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jia Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P.R. China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Mu-Zi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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Zheng W, Gu X, Sun X, Hu D. Effects of hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α on the proliferation and apoptosis of human synovial mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4315-4322. [PMID: 31545415 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a constant feature of the synovial microenvironment. How synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) proliferate and differentiate in a hypoxic environment over a long period of time has aroused the interest of researchers. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human SMSCs. SMSCs were harvested and cultured under different concentration of oxygen, normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (5% O2) and severe hypoxia (0.5% O2) to determine its effect on the expression of HIF‑1α. Then, the cells were collected and cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected at severe hypoxia (0.5% O2) and hypoxia (5% O2) conditions following HIF‑1α siRNA transfection. There were no significant changes in cellular proliferation or apoptosis when cultured in normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (5% O2) or severe hypoxia (0.5% O2). However, the mRNA and protein expression of HIF‑1α were markedly upregulated in the hypoxic conditions. Further experiments suggested that the proliferation of SMSCs was obviously suppressed and apoptosis was markedly increased under severe hypoxic (0.5%) and hypoxic (5% O2) conditions following HIF‑1α siRNA transfection. In conclusion, HIF‑1α effectively improved the tolerance of SMSCs to hypoxia, which may promote cellular proliferation and prevent the apoptosis of SMSCs under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Xingwei Sun
- Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
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