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Elzagallaai AA, Abuzgaia AM, Rieder MJ. Effects of species of origin and mode of induction of microsomes on carbamazepine-induced cell toxicity. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2024; 128:107536. [PMID: 38972615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Standardization and validation of in vitro drug metabolism is essential for pre-clinical drug development as well as for in vitro toxicity assays including the lymphocyte toxicity assay (LTA) and the in vitro platelet toxicity assay (iPTA). Use of isolated liver microsomes (MIC) in in vitro testing has been utilized for a long time; however, the effect of species of origin and induction agents on the metabolic capacities of MIC is not adequately evaluated. In this study we investigated the impact of species of origin and induction agent on the capacity of MICs to bioactivate carbamazepine (CBZ) using cytotoxicity as a gross endpoint to measure the levels of cytotoxic metabolites generated by each type of MICs. Jurkat E6.1 cell line was used and MICs from human, rat, mouse, minipig and rabbit origin as well as rat MICs that is either non-induced or induced by phenobarbitone (PHB), dexamethasone (DEXA), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), clofibrate (CLOF) and isoniazid (INH) were investigated. MICs from minipig and rat MICs induced with 3MC exhibited the highest capacity to produce cytotoxic metabolites of CBZ. These findings will help optimize and standardize in vitro toxicity assays and provide guidance to pre-clinical investigation of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbaset A Elzagallaai
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Awatif M Abuzgaia
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Rieder
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Biel C, Kastermans A, Heidema J, Pehrsson M, Henstra C, Mortensen J, Faber KN, Olinga P. Fibrogenesis in Human Mucosa and Muscularis Precision-Cut Intestinal Slices. Cells 2024; 13:1084. [PMID: 38994938 PMCID: PMC11240565 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In Crohn's Disease (CD), intestinal fibrosis is a prevalent yet unresolved complication arising from chronic and transmural inflammation. The histological assessment of CD intestines shows changes in tissue morphology in all the layers, including the mucosa and muscularis. This study aimed to determine the differences in fibrogenesis between mucosa and muscularis. Human precision-cut intestinal slices (hPCIS) were prepared from human intestine mucosa and muscularis and treated with TGF-β1 and/or PDGF-BB for 72 h. Gene and protein expression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were determined. The basal gene expression of various fibrosis markers was higher in muscularis compared to mucosa hPCIS. During incubation, Pro-Collagen-1A1 secretion increased in muscularis but not in mucosa hPCIS. MMP gene expression increased during incubation in mucosa and muscularis hPCIS, except for MMP9, MMP12, and MMP13 in muscularis hPCIS. Incubation with TGF-β1 caused increased COL1A1 expression in the mucosa but not in muscularis hPCIS. In muscularis hPCIS, TGF-β1 treatment caused a decrease in MMP1 and CTSK expression, while MMP13 was increased. In the presence of TGF-β1, protease inhibitor expression was stable, except for SERPINE1, which was increased in muscularis hPCIS. We conclude that fibrogenesis is more pronounced in muscularis hPCIS compared to mucosa hPCIS, especially when stimulated with TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Biel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Anniek Kastermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Janneke Heidema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Martin Pehrsson
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Charlotte Henstra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Joachim Mortensen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.B.); (C.H.)
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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Schmid O, Rehberg M, Yang L. Bridging Smart Nanosystems with Clinically Relevant Models and Advanced Imaging for Precision Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308659. [PMID: 38282076 PMCID: PMC11005737 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nano-drug-carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge of nano-biological interactions from multidisciplinary perspectives. To this end, this review first provides an overview of membrane-disruption methods such as electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation, microfluidic delivery, and microinjection with the merits of high-throughput and enhanced efficiency for in vitro NDC delivery. The impact of NDC characteristics including particle size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and elasticity on cellular uptake are elaborated and several types of NDC systems aiming for hierarchical targeting and delivery in vivo are reviewed. Emerging in vitro or ex vivo human/animal-derived pathophysiological models are further explored and highly recommended for use in NDC studies since they might mimic in vivo delivery features and fill the translational gaps from animals to humans. The exploration of modern microscopy techniques for precise nanoparticle (NP) tracking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels informs the tailored development of NDCs for in vivo application and clinical translation. Overall, the review integrates the latest insights into smart nanosystem engineering, physiological models, imaging-based validation tools, all directed towards enhancing the precise and efficient intracellular delivery of NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Forensic PathologyWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityNo. 17 Third Renmin Road NorthChengdu610041China
- Burning Rock BiotechBuilding 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou510300China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)Qingdao266042China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Key Clinical SpecialtyBranch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Center of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan410008China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory DiseaseChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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McCoy R, Oldroyd S, Yang W, Wang K, Hoven D, Bulmer D, Zilbauer M, Owens RM. In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306727. [PMID: 38155358 PMCID: PMC10885678 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology are in high demand to elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, and to aid the design of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. There exists a trade-off between simple and high throughput models and those that are more complex and physiologically relevant. The complexity of the model used shall be guided by the biological question to be addressed. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the intestine and the models that are developed to emulate this. Conventional models are discussed in addition to emerging models which employ engineering principles to equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host-pathogen interrogation. Limitations of current models and future perspectives on the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sophie Oldroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Darius Hoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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Fridrichs J, Hamel B, Kelder W, van den Hoed E, van den Heuvel MC, Hulscher JBF, Olinga P. Human precision-cut cystic duct and gallbladder slices: a novel method for studying cholangiopathies. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1058319. [PMID: 37528870 PMCID: PMC10387522 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1058319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) are widely used as an ex vivo culture tissue culture technique to study pathogeneses of diseases and drug activities in organs in vitro. A novel application of the PCTS model may be in the field of translational research into cholangiopathies such as biliary atresia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to apply the precision-cut slice technique to human bile duct and gallbladder tissue. Methods Cystic duct and gallbladder tissue derived from patients undergoing a cholecystectomy were collected, preserved and used for preparation of precision-cut cystic duct slices (PCCDS) and precision-cut gallbladder slices (PCGS). The PCCDS and PCGS were prepared using a mechanical tissue slicer and subsequently incubated for 24 and 48 h respectively in William's Medium E (WME) culture medium. Viability was assessed based on ATP/protein content and tissue morphology [hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining]. Results It was shown that viability, assessed by the ATP/protein content and morphology, of the PCCDS (n = 8) and PCGS (n = 8) could be maintained over the 24 and 48 h incubation period respectively. ATP/protein content of the PCCDS increased significantly from 0.58 ± 0.13 pmol/µg at 0 h to 2.4 ± 0.29 pmol/µg after 24 h incubation (P = .0003). A similar significant increase from 0.94 ± 0.22 pmol/µg at 0 h to 3.7 ± 0.41 pmol/µg after 24 h (P = .0005) and 4.2 ± 0.47 pmol/µg after 48 h (P = .0002) was observed in the PCGS. Morphological assessment of the PCCDS and PCGS showed viable tissue at 0 h and after 24 and 48 h incubation respectively. Conclusion This study is the first to report on the use of the PCTS model for human gallbladder and cystic duct tissue. PCCDS and PCGS remain viable for an incubation period of at least 24 h, which makes them suitable for research purposes in the field of cholangiopathies, including biliary atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeske Fridrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart Hamel
- Department of Pathology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wendy Kelder
- Department of Surgery, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan B. F. Hulscher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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6
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Tamargo-Rubio I, Simpson AB, Hoogerland JA, Fu J. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived liver-on-a-chip for studying drug metabolism: the challenge of the cytochrome P450 family. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1223108. [PMID: 37448965 PMCID: PMC10338083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1223108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the primary organ responsible for the detoxification and metabolism of drugs. To date, a lack of preclinical models that accurately emulate drug metabolism by the human liver presents a significant challenge in the drug development pipeline, particularly for predicting drug efficacy and toxicity. In recent years, emerging microfluidic-based organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technologies, combined with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology, present a promising avenue for the complete recapitulation of human organ biology in a patient-specific manner. However, hiPSC-derived organoids and liver-on-a-chip models have so far failed to sufficiently express cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) enzymes, the key enzymes involved in first-pass metabolism, which limits the effectiveness and translatability of these models in drug metabolism studies. This review explores the potential of innovative organoid and OoC technologies for studying drug metabolism and discusses their existing drawbacks, such as low expression of CYP450 genes. Finally, we postulate potential approaches for enhancing CYP450 expression in the hope of paving the way toward developing novel, fully representative liver drug-metabolism models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Tamargo-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Bella Simpson
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joanne A. Hoogerland
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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7
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Hung L, Celik A, Yin X, Yu K, Berenjy A, Kothari A, Obernolte H, Upton JEM, Lindholm Bøgh K, Somers GR, Siddiqui I, Grealish M, Quereshy FA, Sewald K, Chiu PPL, Eiwegger T. Precision cut intestinal slices, a novel model of acute food allergic reactions. Allergy 2023; 78:500-511. [PMID: 36377289 PMCID: PMC10098956 DOI: 10.1111/all.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy affects up to 10% of the pediatric population. Despite ongoing efforts, treatment options remain limited. Novel models of food allergy are needed to study response patterns downstream of IgE-crosslinking and evaluate drugs modifying acute events. Here, we report a novel human ex vivo model that displays acute, allergen-specific, IgE-mediated smooth muscle contractions using precision cut intestinal slices (PCIS). METHODS PCIS were generated using gut tissue samples from children who underwent clinically indicated surgery. Viability and metabolic activity were assessed from 0 to 24 h. Distribution of relevant cell subsets was confirmed using single nucleus RNA sequencing. PCIS were passively sensitized using plasma from peanut allergic donors or peanut-sensitized non-allergic donors, and exposed to various stimuli including serotonin, histamine, FcɛRI-crosslinker, and food allergens. Smooth muscle contractions and mediator release functioned as readouts. A novel program designed to measure contractions was developed to quantify responses. The ability to demonstrate the impact of antihistamines and immunomodulation from peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) was assessed. RESULTS PCIS viability was maintained for 24 h. Cellular distribution confirmed the presence of key cell subsets including mast cells. The video analysis tool reliably quantified responses to different stimulatory conditions. Smooth muscle contractions were allergen-specific and reflected the clinical phenotype of the plasma donor. Tryptase measurement confirmed IgE-dependent mast cell-derived mediator release. Antihistamines suppressed histamine-induced contraction and plasma from successful peanut OIT suppressed peanut-specific PCIS contraction. CONCLUSION PCIS represent a novel human tissue-based model to study acute, IgE-mediated food allergy and pharmaceutical impacts on allergic responses in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hung
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alper Celik
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alireza Berenjy
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akash Kothari
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helena Obernolte
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia E M Upton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, SickKids Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gino R Somers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Grealish
- Surgical Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fayez A Quereshy
- Surgical Oncology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Priscilla P L Chiu
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
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