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Li J, Zhang H, Dong Y, Wang X, Wang G. Omega-3FAs Can Inhibit the Inflammation and Insulin Resistance of Adipose Tissue Caused by HHcy Induced Lipids Profile Changing in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:628122. [PMID: 33643070 PMCID: PMC7907609 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.628122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome initiates insulin resistance; however, the mechanism of inflammasome activation in adipose tissue remains elusive. In this study, homocysteine (Hcy) was found to participate in insulin resistance via a NLRP3 inflammasome-related process. Hcy-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes were observed in adipose tissue during the generation of insulin resistance in vivo. This animal model suggests that diets high in omega-3 fatty acids alter serum and adipose lipid profiles, and in this way, omega-3 fatty acids may reduce adipose tissue inflammation and attenuate insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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(Pro)renin receptor contributes to renal mitochondria dysfunction, apoptosis and fibrosis in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11667. [PMID: 31406124 PMCID: PMC6690878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we demonstrated that increased renal (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) expression in diabetes contributes to development of diabetic kidney disease. However, the exact mechanisms involving PRR activity and diabetic kidney dysfunction are unknown. We hypothesized that PRR is localized in renal mitochondria and contributes to renal fibrosis and apoptosis through oxidative stress-induced mitochondria dysfunction. Controls and streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice were injected with scramble shRNA and PRR shRNA and followed for a period of eight weeks. At the end of study, diabetic mice showed increased expressions of PRR and NOX4 in both total kidney tissue and renal mitochondria fraction. In addition, renal mitochondria of diabetic mice showed reduced protein expression and activity of SOD2 and ATP production and increased UCP2 expression. In diabetic kidney, there was upregulation in the expressions of caspase3, phos-Foxo3a, phos-NF-κB, fibronectin, and collagen IV and reduced expressions of Sirt1 and total-FOXO3a. Renal immunostaining revealed increased deposition of PRR, collagen and fibronectin in diabetic kidney. In diabetic mice, PRR knockdown decreased urine albumin to creatinine ratio and the renal expressions of PRR, NOX4, UCP2, caspase3, phos-FOXO3a, phos-NF-κB, collagen, and fibronectin, while increased the renal mitochondria expression and activity of SOD2, ATP production, and the renal expressions of Sirt1 and total-FOXO3a. In conclusion, increased expression of PRR localized in renal mitochondria and diabetic kidney induced mitochondria dysfunction, and enhanced renal apoptosis and fibrosis in diabetes by upregulation of mitochondria NOX4/SOD2/UCP2 signaling pathway.
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Zhang SY, Dong YQ, Wang P, Zhang X, Yan Y, Sun L, Liu B, Zhang D, Zhang H, Liu H, Kong W, Hu G, Shah YM, Gonzalez FJ, Wang X, Jiang C. Adipocyte-derived Lysophosphatidylcholine Activates Adipocyte and Adipose Tissue Macrophage Nod-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasomes Mediating Homocysteine-Induced Insulin Resistance. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:202-216. [PMID: 29735414 PMCID: PMC6013933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome senses danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiates insulin resistance, but the mechanisms of adipose inflammasome activation remains elusive. In this study, Homocysteine (Hcy) is revealed to be a DAMP that activates adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasomes, participating in insulin resistance. Hcy-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes were observed in both adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and mediated insulin resistance. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) acted as a second signal activator, mediating Hcy-induced adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hcy elevated adipocyte lyso-PC generation in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1)-phospholipase A2 group 16 (PLA2G16) axis-dependent manner. Lyso-PC derived from the Hcy-induced adipocyte also activated ATM NLRP3 inflammasomes in a paracrine manner. This study demonstrated that Hcy activates adipose NLRP3 inflammasomes in an adipocyte lyso-PC-dependent manner and highlights the importance of the adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Brittain AL, Basu R, Qian Y, Kopchick JJ. Growth Hormone and the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3662-3673. [PMID: 28938477 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have implicated growth hormone (GH) in the progression of several cancers, including breast, colorectal, and pancreatic. A mechanism by which GH may play this role in cancer is through the induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During the EMT process, epithelial cells lose their defining phenotypes, causing loss of cellular adhesion and increased cell migration. This review aims to carefully summarize the previous two decades of research that points to GH as an initiator of EMT, in both cancerous and noncancerous tissues. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Sources were collected using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines by using specific GH- and/or EMT-related terms. Identified manuscripts were selected for further analysis based on presentation of GH-induced molecular markers of the EMT process in vivo or in vitro. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Cellular mechanisms involved in GH-induced EMT are the focus of this review, both in cancerous and noncancerous epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a myriad of molecular mechanisms are induced by GH that cause EMT and may point to potential therapeutic use of GH antagonists or any downregulator of GH action in EMT-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701
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Li C, Siragy HM. Autophagy upregulates (pro)renin receptor expression via reduction of P62/SQSTM1 and activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in podocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R58-R64. [PMID: 28450279 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00088.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a major role in podocytes health and disease. P62, also known as sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1), is a marker for autophagic activity and is required for the formation and degradation of ubiquitnated protein by autophagy. Knockout of p62 enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) activity. (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is expressed in podocytes where it contributes to the homeostasis of these cells. The influence of autophagy on PRR expression is unknown. We hypothesized that in podocytes, upregulation of autophagic activity increases PRR expression via reduction of p62 and stimulation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Cultured mouse podocytes were treated with the autophagy activators, rapamycin or Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS), for 48 h. Both rapamycin and EBSS significantly decreased p62 protein levels, increased ERK1/2 activation by phosphorylating pTpY185/187, and increased mRNA and protein expressions of PRR. Utilizing confocal microscopy demonstrated that rapamycin and EBSS significantly decreased p62/SQSTM1 and increased PRR protein expressions. Similarly, by enhancing autophagic activity by transfection with autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) cDNA or ATG7 cDNA, results similar to those observed with rapamycin and EBSS treatments were produced. Inhibition of autophagic flux with bafilomycin A1 reversed the effects of rapamycin. ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 significantly attenuated mRNA and protein expressions of PRR in podocytes treated with rapamycin. In conclusion, upregulation of autophagy enhanced PRR expression through reduction of p62 and stimulation of ERK1/2 activity signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Gaifullina AS, Yakovlev AV, Mustafina AN, Weiger TM, Hermann A, Sitdikova GF. Homocysteine augments BK channel activity and decreases exocytosis of secretory granules in rat GH3 cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3375-3384. [PMID: 27586872 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of L-homocysteine (Hcy) on maxi calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels and on exocytosis of secretory granules in GH3 rat pituitary-derived cells. A major finding of our study indicates that short-term application of Hcy increased the open probability of oxidized BK channels in inside-out recordings. Whole-cell recordings show that extracellular Hcy also augmented BK currents during long-term application. Furthermore, Hcy decreased the exocytosis of secretory granules. This decrease was partially prevented by the BK channel inhibitor paxilline and fully prevented by N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Taken together, our data show that elevation of cellular Hcy level induces oxidative stress, increases BK channel activity, and decreases exocytosis of secretory granules. These findings may provide insight into some of the developmental impairments and neurotoxicity associated with Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a disease arising due to abnormally elevated levels of Hcy in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisylu S Gaifullina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Yakovlev
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Russia
| | - Alsu N Mustafina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Russia
| | - Thomas M Weiger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anton Hermann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Guzel F Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Russia.
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Li G, Xia M, Abais JM, Boini K, Li PL, Ritter JK. Protective Action of Anandamide and Its COX-2 Metabolite against l-Homocysteine-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Injury in Podocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:61-70. [PMID: 27189966 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that l-homocysteine (Hcys)-induced podocyte injury leading to glomerular damage or sclerosis is attributable to the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Given the demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of endocannabinoids, the present study was designed to test whether anandamide (AEA) or its metabolites diminish NLRP3 inflammasome activation and prevent podocyte injury and associated glomerular damage during hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcys). AEA (100 μM) inhibited Hcys-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cultured podocytes, as indicated by elevated caspase-1 activity and interleukin-1β levels, and attenuated podocyte dysfunction, as shown by reduced vascular endothelial growth factor production. These effects of AEA were inhibited by the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib (CEL). In mice in vivo, AEA treatment attenuated glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by hHcys accompanying a folate-free diet, on the basis of inhibition of hHcys-induced colocalization of NLRP3 molecules and increased interleukin-1β levels in glomeruli. Correspondingly, AEA prevented hHcys-induced proteinuria, albuminuria, and glomerular damage observed microscopically. Hcys- and AEA-induced effects were absent in NLRP3-knockout mice. These beneficial effects of AEA against hHcys-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glomerular injury were not observed in mice cotreated with CEL. We further demonstrated that prostaglandin E2-ethanolamide (PGE2-EA), a COX-2 product of AEA, at 10 μM had a similar inhibitory effect to that of 100 μM AEA on Hcys-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation in cultured podocytes. From these results, we conclude that AEA has anti-inflammatory properties, protecting podocytes from Hcys-induced injury by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through its COX-2 metabolite, PGE2-EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Justine M Abais
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Krishna Boini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Li C, Siragy HM. (Pro)renin receptor regulates autophagy and apoptosis in podocytes exposed to high glucose. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E302-10. [PMID: 26081285 PMCID: PMC4525115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00603.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High glucose reduces autophagy and enhances apoptosis of podocytes. Previously, we reported that high glucose induced podocyte injury through upregulation of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR). We hypothesized that increasing PRR reduces autophagy and increases apoptosis of mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mouse podocytes were cultured in normal (5 mmol/l) or high (25 mmol/l) d-glucose for 48 h. High glucose significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of PRR, phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and p62. In contrast, high glucose decreased activation of UNC-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1) by phosphorylating Ser⁷⁵⁷ and protein levels of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-II and Lamp-2. Bafilomycin A1 increased LC3BII and p62 accumulation in high-glucose-treated cells. High glucose reduced the autophagic flux. Confocal microscopy studies showed significant reduction in the protein level of LC3B in response to high glucose. Cyto-ID autophagy staining showed a significant decrease in autophagosome formation with high glucose. In the absence of PRR, activation of Akt with sc-79 or mTOR with MHY-1485 increased p62 accumulation. Caspase-3/7 activity and apoptosis monitored by TUNEL assay were significantly increased in podocytes treated with high glucose. PRR siRNA significantly reversed the effects of high glucose. Based on these data, we conclude that high glucose decreases autophagy and increases apoptosis in mouse podocytes through the PRR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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