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Kumar J, Naina Mohamed I, Mohamed R, Ugusman A, Muzaimi M, Mohamed W, Yahaya MF, Teoh SL, Kamaluddin MR, Abdul Hamid H, Mehat MZ, Shanmugam PK. Locomotion changes in methamphetamine and amphetamine withdrawal: a systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428492. [PMID: 39086393 PMCID: PMC11288965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive preclinical research over the years, a significant gap remains in our understanding of the specific effects of methamphetamine (METH) and amphetamine (AMPH) withdrawal. Understanding these differences could be pivotal to unveiling the unique pathophysiology underlying each stimulant. This may facilitate the development of targeted and effective treatment strategies tailored to the specific characteristics of each substance. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review was conducted to examine alterations in spontaneous locomotor activity, specifically horizontal activity, in animals experiencing withdrawal from extended and repeated administration of AMPH or METH. Original articles were retrieved from four electronic databases, supplemented by a review of the references cited in the published papers. A total of thirty-one full-length articles (n = 31) were incorporated in the analysis. The results indicated that six studies documented a significant increase in horizontal activity among animals, seven studies reported decreased locomotion, and eighteen studies (8 AMPH; 10 METH) reported no significant alterations in the animals' locomotor activity. Studies reporting heightened locomotion mainly employed mice undergoing withdrawal from METH, studies reporting diminished locomotion predominantly involved rats undergoing withdrawal from AMPH, and studies reporting no significant changes in horizontal activity employed both rats and mice (12 rats; 6 mice). Drug characteristics, routes of administration, animal models, dosage regimens, duration, and assessment timing seem to influence the observed outcomes. Despite more than 50% of papers enlisted in this review indicate no significant changes in the locomotion during the stimulant withdrawal, the unique reactions of animals to withdrawal from METH and AMPH reported by some underscore the need for a more nuanced understanding of stimulant withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rashidi Mohamed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Muzaimi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- The Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Hafizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulfadli Mehat
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Liu Y, Pan Y, Curtis TJ, Wang Z. Amphetamine exposure alters behaviors, and neuronal and neurochemical activation in the brain of female prairie voles. Neuroscience 2022; 498:73-84. [PMID: 35798262 PMCID: PMC9420825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that 3-day d-amphetamine (AMPH) treatment effectively induced conditioned place preferences (CPP) and impaired pair bonding behaviors in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Using this established animal model and treatment regimen, we examined the effects of the demonstrated threshold rewarding dose of AMPH on various behaviors and their potential underlying neurochemical systems in the brain of female prairie voles. Our data show that 3-day AMPH injections (0.2 mg/kg/day) impaired social recognition and decreased depressive-like behavior in females without affecting their locomotion and anxiety-like behaviors. AMPH treatment also decreased neuronal activation indicated by the labeling of the early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) as well as the number of neurons double-labeled for Egr-1 and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in the brain. Further, AMPH treatment decreased the number of neurons double-labeled for Egr-1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) but did not affect oxytocinergic neurons in the PVN or cell proliferation and neurogenesis markers in the DG. These data not only demonstrate potential roles of the brain CRH and dopamine systems in mediating disrupted social recognition and depressive-like behaviors by AMPH in female prairie voles, but also further confirm the utility of the prairie vole model for studying interactions between psychostimulants and social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yongliang Pan
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Thomas J Curtis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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3
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Basmadjian OM, Occhieppo VB, Marchese NA, Silvero C MJ, Becerra MC, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. Amphetamine Induces Oxidative Stress, Glial Activation and Transient Angiogenesis in Prefrontal Cortex via AT 1-R. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:647747. [PMID: 34012397 PMCID: PMC8126693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Amphetamine (AMPH) alters neurons, glia and microvessels, which affects neurovascular unit coupling, leading to disruption in brain functions such as attention and working memory. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in these alterations. The angiotensin type I receptors (AT1-R) mediate deleterious effects, such as oxidative/inflammatory responses, endothelial dysfunction, neuronal oxidative damage, alterations that overlap with those observed from AMPH exposure. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the AT1-R role in AMPH-induced oxidative stress and glial and vascular alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the involvement of AT1-R in the AMPH-induced short-term memory and working memory deficit. Methods: Male Wistar rats were repeatedly administered with the AT1-R blocker candesartan (CAND) and AMPH. Acute oxidative stress in the PFC was evaluated immediately after the last AMPH administration by determining lipid and protein peroxidation. After 21 off-drug days, long-lasting alterations in the glia, microvessel architecture and to cognitive tasks were evaluated by GFAP, CD11b and von Willebrand immunostaining and by short-term and working memory assessment. Results: AMPH induced acute oxidative stress, long-lasting glial reactivity in the PFC and a working memory deficit that were prevented by AT1-R blockade pretreatment. Moreover, AMPH induces transient angiogenesis in PFC via AT1-R. AMPH did not affect short-term memory. Conclusion: Our results support the protective role of AT1-R blockade in AMPH-induced oxidative stress, transient angiogenesis and long-lasting glial activation, preserving working memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo M Basmadjian
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria B Occhieppo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Marchese
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Jazmin Silvero C
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET) Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Becerra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET) Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, (IIBYT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Bregonzio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Epigenetic mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 156:87-126. [PMID: 33461666 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events are a major contributor to the development of major depressive disorder. Environmental perturbations like stress change gene expression in the brain, leading to altered behavior. Gene expression is ultimately regulated by chromatin structure and the epigenetic modifications of DNA and the histone proteins that make up chromatin. Studies over the past two decades have demonstrated that stress alters the epigenetic landscape in several brain regions relevant for depressive-like behavior in rodents. This chapter will discuss epigenetic mechanisms of brain histone acetylation, histone methylation, and DNA methylation that contribute to adult stress-induced depressive-like behavior in rodents. Several biological themes have emerged from the examination of the brain transcriptome after stress such as alterations in the neuroimmune response, neurotrophic factors, and synaptic structure. The epigenetic mechanisms regulating these processes will be highlighted. Finally, pharmacological and genetic manipulations of epigenetic enzymes in rodent models of depression will be discussed as these approaches have demonstrated the ability to reverse stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and provide proof-of-concept as novel avenues for the treatment of clinical depression.
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Cui Y, Che Y, Wang H. Bergamot essential oil attenuate aluminum-induced anxiety-like behavior through antioxidation, anti-inflammatory and GABA regulation in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111766. [PMID: 32971212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies showed that aluminum (Al) has potential neurotoxicity to human and animal bodies. Al-treated animals showed anxiety-like behavior, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) changes. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is a kind of well-known plant extract from the fresh fruit of bergamot. Previous studies suggested that BEO improved mood and relieved symptoms of stress-induced anxiety. This study was designed to study the effects of BEO on anxiety-like behavior, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and GABA system in aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) treated rats. Results showed that AlCl3 exposure induced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and the open field test. Moreover, AlCl3 exposure decreased the level of GABA and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampus (HP) and the frontal cortex (FC). In addition, AlCl3 exposure increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the HP and the FC. To the contrary, co-administration of BEO and AlCl3 improved the anxiety-like behavior, GABA system, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These results indicated that BEO can alleviate the anxiety-like behavior of AlCl3-exposed rats through the combined action of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and GABA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Che
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Marchese NA, Occhieppo VB, Basmadjian OM, Casarsa BS, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. Angiotensin II modulates amphetamine-induced glial and brain vascular responses, and attention deficit via angiotensin type 1 receptor: Evidence from brain regional sensitivity to amphetamine. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:1026-1041. [PMID: 31646669 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine-induced neuroadaptations involve vascular damage, neuroinflammation, a hypo-functioning prefrontal cortex (PFC), and cognitive alterations. Brain angiotensin II, through angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1 -R), mediates oxidative/inflammatory responses, promoting endothelial dysfunction, neuronal oxidative damage and glial reactivity. The present work aims to unmask the role of AT1 -R in the development of amphetamine-induced changes over glial and vascular components within PFC and hippocampus. Attention deficit was evaluated as a behavioral neuroadaptation induced by amphetamine. Brain microvessels were isolated to further evaluate vascular alterations after amphetamine exposure. Male Wistar rats were administered with AT1 -R antagonist, candesartan, followed by repeated amphetamine. After one week drug-off period, animals received a saline or amphetamine challenge and were evaluated in behavioral tests. Afterward, their brains were processed for cresyl violet staining, CD11b (microglia marker), GFAP (astrocyte marker) or von Willebrand factor (vascular marker) immunohistochemistry, and oxidative/cellular stress determinations in brain microvessels. Statistical analysis was performed by using factorial ANOVA followed by Bonferroni or Tukey tests. Repeated amphetamine administration increased astroglial and microglial markers immunoreactivity, increased apoptotic cells, and promoted vascular network rearrangement at the PFC concomitantly with an attention deficit. Although the amphetamine challenge improved the attentional performance, it triggers detrimental effects probably because of the exacerbated malondialdehyde levels and increased heat shock protein 70 expression in microvessels. All observed amphetamine-induced alterations were prevented by the AT1 -R blockade. Our results support the AT1 -R involvement in the development of oxidative/inflammatory conditions triggered by amphetamine exposure, affecting cortical areas and increasing vascular susceptibility to future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andrea Marchese
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria Belén Occhieppo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Martin Basmadjian
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brenda Solange Casarsa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, (IIBYT-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, (IIBYT-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Bregonzio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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7
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Gururajan A, Reif A, Cryan JF, Slattery DA. The future of rodent models in depression research. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:686-701. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Luan X, Chen H, Qiu H, Shen H, Zhao K, Ren W, Gu Y, Su H, Zhang J, Lv D, He J. Association between serum malondialdehyde levels and depression during early methamphetamine withdrawal. Neurosci Lett 2018; 687:22-25. [PMID: 30219487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some evidence suggested that malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of oxidative stress played an important part in modulating the activities of depression. Methamphetamine (METH) dependence often lead to depression that may associate with MDA. In this study, our purpose was to explore the association between serum MDA levels and depression during METH withdrawal. 179 METH-dependent patients were recruited in this study and 144 (80.4%) finished the assessment. We measured serum MDA at 532 nm spectrophotometrically at admission. The short form of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) was used to evaluate depression symptoms. Patients were identified to have depression symptoms with the BDI score ≥ 8. As a result, 89 (61.8%) of the remaining 144 METH-dependent patients were identified to have depression symptoms. Patients with depression symptoms showed significantly higher serum MDA levels than non-depression patients (3.42 ± 1.60 nmol/ml vs. 2.43 ± 1.25 nmol/ml; p < 0.001). After controlling for potential confounding variables in our logistic model, serum MDA levels were independently associated with the development of depression during early METH withdrawal (OR =1.952, 95% CI, 1.414-2.694, p < 0.001). Furthermore, our study found a positive association between Beck Depression Inventor (BDI) score in early METH abstinence and serum MDA levels (r =0.185; p = 0.026). Our results indicated that higher serum MDA levels were related to higher risk of depression symptoms during early METH withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Luan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Huihua Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Huiping Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Wenwei Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, SH200025, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, SH200025, PR China
| | - Dezhao Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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9
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Rincón-Cortés M, Gagnon KG, Dollish HK, Grace AA. Diazepam reverses increased anxiety-like behavior, social behavior deficit, and dopamine dysregulation following withdrawal from acute amphetamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2418-2425. [PMID: 29959439 PMCID: PMC6180061 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulants such as amphetamine (AMPH) increase dopamine (DA) release from ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons, which is associated with their acute reinforcing actions. This positive state is followed by a negative affective state during the withdrawal period each time the drug is taken (i.e., opponent process theory). AMPH withdrawal is accompanied by symptoms of anxiety and depression, which are associated with DA system dysfunction in humans and animal models. Most studies have focused on the negative affective state after withdrawal from chronic drug administration; yet, this negative state appears even after a drug is taken for the first time in both humans and rodents. In rats, withdrawal from a single dose of AMPH (2 mg/kg) increases forced swim test immobility and decreases the number of spontaneously active VTA DA neurons up to 48 h post-withdrawal. In the current study, acute AMPH withdrawal was found to increase anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM), reduce social cage time in the three-chambered social approach test (SAT), and attenuate VTA population activity. The effects of diazepam, a drug commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, were tested on anxiety-like and social behavior as well as VTA DA neuron activity following acute AMPH withdrawal. A single (5 mg/kg) dose of diazepam circumvented the neurobehavioral effects induced by acute AMPH withdrawal, as demonstrated by increased open arm time and social cage time as well as normalized VTA DA activity comparable to controls, suggesting that these neurobehavioral effects of acute AMPH withdrawal reflect an anxiety-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Rincón-Cortés
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15217, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15217, USA.
| | - Kimberly G. Gagnon
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA
| | - Hannah K. Dollish
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA
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10
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Elvsåshagen T, Zuzarte P, Westlye LT, Bøen E, Josefsen D, Boye B, Hol PK, Malt UF, Young LT, Andreazza AC. Dentate gyrus-cornu ammonis (CA) 4 volume is decreased and associated with depressive episodes and lipid peroxidation in bipolar II disorder: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:657-668. [PMID: 27995733 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reduced dentate gyrus volume and increased oxidative stress have emerged as potential pathophysiological mechanisms in bipolar disorder. However, the relationship between dentate gyrus volume and peripheral oxidative stress markers remains unknown. Here, we examined dentate gyrus-cornu ammonis (CA) 4 volume longitudinally in patients with bipolar II disorder (BD-II) and healthy controls and investigated whether BD-II is associated with elevated peripheral levels of oxidative stress. METHODS We acquired high-resolution structural 3T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and quantified hippocampal subfield volumes using an automated segmentation algorithm in individuals with BD-II (n=29) and controls (n=33). The participants were scanned twice, at study inclusion and on average 2.4 years later. In addition, we measured peripheral levels of two lipid peroxidation markers (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [4-HNE] and lipid hydroperoxides [LPH]). RESULTS First, we demonstrated that the automated hippocampal subfield segmentation technique employed in this work reliably measured dentate gyrus-CA4 volume. Second, we found a decreased left dentate gyrus-CA4 volume in patients and that a larger number of depressive episodes between T1 and T2 predicted greater volume decline. Finally, we showed that 4-HNE was elevated in BD-II and that 4-HNE was negatively associated with left and right dentate gyrus-CA4 volumes in patients. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with a role for the dentate gyrus in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and suggest that depressive episodes and elevated oxidative stress might contribute to hippocampal volume decreases. In addition, these findings provide further support for the hypothesis that peripheral lipid peroxidation markers may reflect brain alterations in bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pedro Zuzarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Santa Maria's University Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Josefsen
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Boye
- Section of Psychosocial Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per K Hol
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Trevor Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Ajoene restored behavioral patterns and liver glutathione level in morphine treated C57BL6 mice. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:106-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Kang S, Wu MM, Galvez R, Gulley JM. Timing of amphetamine exposure in relation to puberty onset determines its effects on anhedonia, exploratory behavior, and dopamine D 1 receptor expression in young adulthood. Neuroscience 2016; 339:72-84. [PMID: 27702645 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-medical use of amphetamine (AMPH) among adolescents is prevalent, which is problematic given the potential consequences of developmental drug exposure on brain function and behavior. Previously we found in adult male rats that AMPH exposure starting before puberty induces a persistent decrease in dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here we investigated if this dysfunction was associated with changes in D1R expression in the mPFC and nucleus accumbens (NAc). We also determined if starting drug exposure well before or near the onset of puberty would influence AMPH-induced changes in D1R expression and behavior. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated once every other day (10 injections total) with saline or 3mg/kg AMPH (i.p.) from either postnatal day (P) 27 to 45 (pre-puberty groups; Pre-P) or P37 to 55 (peri-puberty groups; Peri-P). After 1, 7 and 21days of withdrawal, sucrose preference tests were performed to assess anhedonia. Exploratory behavior was studied in an open-field arena and on an elevated plus maze (EPM). Rats were then sacrificed for Western blot analysis of D1R expression. We found that AMPH withdrawal induced decreases in sucrose preference that persisted in rats with Peri-P onset treatment. Pre-P onset AMPH exposure led to increased open-arm exploration in the EPM test, as well as a decreased D1R level in the mPFC but not NAc. Our results demonstrated that AMPH exposure starting at different developmental stages resulted in distinct neurobehavioral abnormalities, suggesting an important role of exposure timing in drug-induced plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Kang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Mariah M Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Galvez
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
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13
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Qi X, Guzhva L, Yang Z, Febo M, Shan Z, Wang KKW, Bruijnzeel AW. Overexpression of CRF in the BNST diminishes dysphoria but not anxiety-like behavior in nicotine withdrawing rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1378-1389. [PMID: 27461514 PMCID: PMC5067082 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Smoking cessation leads to dysphoria and anxiety, which both increase the risk for relapse. This negative affective state is partly mediated by an increase in activity in brain stress systems. Recent studies indicate that prolonged viral vector-mediated overexpression of stress peptides diminishes stress sensitivity. Here we investigated whether the overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) diminishes nicotine withdrawal symptoms in rats. The effect of nicotine withdrawal on brain reward function was investigated with an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure. Anxiety-like behavior was investigated in the elevated plus maze test and a large open field. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) pseudotype 2/5 vector was used to overexpress CRF in the lateral BNST and nicotine dependence was induced using minipumps. Administration of the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine and cessation of nicotine administration led to a dysphoria-like state, which was prevented by the overexpression of CRF in the BNST. Nicotine withdrawal also increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test and large open field test and slightly decreased locomotor activity in the open field. The overexpression of CRF in the BNST did not prevent the increase in anxiety-like behavior or decrease in locomotor activity. The overexpression of CRF increased CRF1 and CRF2 receptor gene expression and increased the CRF2/CRF1 receptor ratio. In conclusion, the overexpression of CRF in the BNST prevents the dysphoria-like state associated with nicotine withdrawal and increases the CRF2/CRF1 receptor ratio, which may diminish the negative effects of CRF on mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lidia Guzhva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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14
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Amiri S, Alijanpour S, Tirgar F, Haj-Mirzaian A, Amini-Khoei H, Rahimi-Balaei M, Rastegar M, Ghaderi M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Zarrindast MR. NMDA receptors are involved in the antidepressant-like effects of capsaicin following amphetamine withdrawal in male mice. Neuroscience 2016; 329:122-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Bao H, Ran P, Zhu M, Sun L, Li B, Hou Y, Nie J, Shan L, Li H, Zheng S, Xu X, Xiao C, Du J. The Prefrontal Dectin-1/AMPA Receptor Signaling Pathway Mediates The Robust and Prolonged Antidepressant Effect of Proteo-β-Glucan from Maitake. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28395. [PMID: 27329257 PMCID: PMC4916609 DOI: 10.1038/srep28395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteo-β-glucan from Maitake (PGM) is a strong immune regulator, and its receptor is called Dectin-1. Cumulative evidence suggests that AMPA receptors are important for the treatment of depression. Here, we report that PGM treatment leads to a significant antidepressant effect in the tail suspension test and forced swim test after sixty minutes of treatment in mice. After five consecutive days of PGM treatment, this antidepressant effect remained. PGM treatment did not show a hyperactive effect in the open field test. PGM significantly enhanced the expression of its receptor Dectin-1, as well as p-GluA1(S845) and GluA1, but not GluA2 or GluA3 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after five days of treatment. The Dectin-1 inhibitor Laminarin was able to block the antidepressant effect of PGM. At the synapses of PFC, PGM treatment significantly up-regulated the p-GluA1(S845), GluA1, GluA2, and GluA3 levels. Moreover, PGM’s antidepressant effects and the increase of p-GluA1(S845)/GluA1 lasted for 3 days after stopping treatment. The AMPA-specific antagonist GYKI 52466 was able to block the antidepressant effect of PGM. This study identified PGM as a novel antidepressant with clinical potential and a new antidepressant mechanism for regulating prefrontal Dectin-1/AMPA receptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Pengzhan Ran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Bai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Liping Shan
- Beijing Gragen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Shangyong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
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16
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Marszalek-Grabska M, Gibula-Bruzda E, Jenda M, Gawel K, Kotlinska JH. Memantine improves memory impairment and depressive-like behavior induced by amphetamine withdrawal in rats. Brain Res 2016; 1642:389-396. [PMID: 27085203 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) induces deficits in cognition, and depressive-like behavior following withdrawal. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pre-treatment with memantine (5mg/kg, i.p.), a noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, attenuates memory impairment induced by withdrawal from a 1 day binge regimen of AMPH (2mg/kg, four times every 2h, i.p.), in the novel object recognition test in rats. Herein, the influence of scopolamine (0.1mg/kg), an antagonist of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors, and the impact of MK-801 (0.1mg/kg), an antagonist of the NMDA receptors, on the memantine effect, were ascertained. Furthermore, the impact of memantine (5; 10; 20mg/kg, i.p.) was measured on depression-like effects of abstinence, 14 days after the last AMPH treatment (2mg/kg×1×14 days), in the forced swim test. In this test, the efficacy of memantine was compared to that of tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (10; 20; 30mg/kg, i.p.). Our study indicated that withdrawal from a binge regimen of AMPH impaired recognition memory. This effect was attenuated by administration of memantine at both 72h and 7 days of withdrawal. Moreover, prior administration of scopolamine, but not MK-801, decreased the memantine-induced recognition memory improvement. In addition, memantine reversed the AMPH-induced depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test in rats. The antidepressant-like effects of memantine were stronger than those of imipramine. Our study indicates that memantine constitutes a useful approach towards preventing cognitive deficits induced by withdrawal from an AMPH binge regimen and by depressive-like behavior during AMPH abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marszalek-Grabska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - E Gibula-Bruzda
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Jenda
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Gawel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - J H Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
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17
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Li B, Hou Y, Zhu M, Bao H, Nie J, Zhang GY, Shan L, Yao Y, Du K, Yang H, Li M, Zheng B, Xu X, Xiao C, Du J. 3'-Deoxyadenosine (Cordycepin) Produces a Rapid and Robust Antidepressant Effect via Enhancing Prefrontal AMPA Receptor Signaling Pathway. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv112. [PMID: 26443809 PMCID: PMC4851261 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of rapid and safe antidepressants for the treatment of major depression is in urgent demand. Converging evidence suggests that glutamatergic signaling seems to play important roles in the pathophysiology of depression. METHODS We studied the antidepressant effects of 3(')-deoxyadenosine (3'-dA, Cordycepin) and the critical role of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor in male CD-1 mice via behavioral and biochemical experiments. After 3'-dA treatment, the phosphorylation and synaptic localization of the AMPA receptors GluR1 and GluR2 were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). The traditional antidepressant imipramine was applied as a positive control. RESULTS We found that an injection of 3'-dA led to a rapid and robust antidepressant effect, which was significantly faster and stronger than imipramine, after 45min in tail suspension and forced swim tests. This antidepressant effect remained after 5 days of treatment with 3'-dA. Unlike the psycho-stimulants, 3'-dA did not show a hyperactive effect in the open field test. After 45min or 5 days of treatment, 3'-dA enhanced GluR1 S845 phosphorylation in both the PFC and HIP. In addition, after 45min of treatment, 3'-dA significantly up-regulated GluR1 S845 phosphorylation and GluR1, but not GluR2 levels, at the synapses in the PFC. After 5 days of treatment, 3'-dA significantly enhanced GluR1 S845 phosphorylation and GluR1, but not GluR2, at the synapses in the PFC and HIP. Moreover, the AMPA-specific antagonist GYKI 52466 was able to block the rapid antidepressant effects of 3'-dA. CONCLUSION This study identified 3'-dA as a novel rapid antidepressant with clinical potential and multiple beneficial mechanisms, particularly in regulating the prefrontal AMPA receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Li
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Ming Zhu
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Du
- #These two authors are co-corresponding authors
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18
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Pathak G, Ibrahim BA, McCarthy SA, Baker K, Kelly MP. Amphetamine sensitization in mice is sufficient to produce both manic- and depressive-related behaviors as well as changes in the functional connectivity of corticolimbic structures. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:434-47. [PMID: 25959066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that amphetamine abuse and withdrawal mimics the diverse nature of bipolar disorder symptomatology in humans. Here, we determined if a single paradigm of amphetamine sensitization would be sufficient to produce both manic- and depressive-related behaviors in mice. CD-1 mice were subcutaneously dosed for 5 days with 1.8 mg/kg d-amphetamine or vehicle. On days 6-31 of withdrawal, amphetamine-sensitized (AS) mice were compared to vehicle-treated (VT) mice on a range of behavioral and biochemical endpoints. AS mice demonstrated reliable mania- and depression-related behaviors from day 7 to day 28 of withdrawal. Relative to VT mice, AS mice exhibited long-lasting mania-like hyperactivity following either an acute 30-min restraint stress or a low-dose 1 mg/kg d-amphetamine challenge, which was attenuated by the mood-stabilizers lithium and quetiapine. In absence of any challenge, AS mice showed anhedonia-like decreases in sucrose preference and depression-like impairments in the off-line consolidation of motor memory, as reflected by the lack of spontaneous improvement across days of training on the rotarod. AS mice also demonstrated a functional impairment in nest building, an ethologically-relevant activity of daily living. Western blot analyses revealed a significant increase in methylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9), but not lysine 4 (H3K4), in hippocampus of AS mice relative to VT mice. In situ hybridization for the immediate-early gene activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) further revealed heightened activation of corticolimbic structures, decreased functional connectivity between frontal cortex and striatum, and increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus of AS mice. The effects of amphetamine sensitization were blunted in C57BL/6J mice relative to CD-1 mice. These results show that a single amphetamine sensitization protocol is sufficient to produce behavioral, functional, and biochemical phenotypes in mice that are relevant to bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pathak
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - B A Ibrahim
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | | | - K Baker
- Pfizer, Neuroscience, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - M P Kelly
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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Yun J, Lee Y, Yun K, Oh S. Bergenin decreases the morphine-induced physical dependence via antioxidative activity in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1248-54. [PMID: 25542428 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of physical dependence induced by morphine. Bergenin, a polyphenol found in many Asian, African, and South American medicinal plants, is a potent antinarcotic agent with wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including antioxidant action. In the present study, we observed that bergenin decreased the development of physical dependence induced by morphine in mice and the antioxidant activity of bergenin plays a role in the antinarcotic effects through adapting to morphine-induced oxidative stress in the brain. The naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptom (jumping frequency) was significantly ameliorated (50% of control group) by administration of bergenin (20 mg/kg) in morphine-treated mice. Furthermore, morphine-induced down-regulation of glutathione (GSH) contents was reversed by bergenin administration in the frontal cortex and liver. Bergenin had no effects on the increased levels of nfr2-dependent antioxidant enzyme HO1 and NQO1 in the frontal cortex, striatum, and liver of morphine-treated mice. However, the morphine-induced increase in nrf2 nuclear translocation in the frontal cortex and striatum was inhibited by bergenin treatment. These results suggest that bergenin has a potential antinarcotic effect via regulation of GSH contents and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- Pharmacological Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 363-700, Republic of Korea
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20
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Chronic binge-like alcohol consumption in adolescence causes depression-like symptoms possibly mediated by the effects of BDNF on neurogenesis. Neuroscience 2013; 254:324-34. [PMID: 24076087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigated whether changes in neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression are possible mechanisms involved in the depression-like symptom during the withdrawal/abstinence period after chronic binge-pattern alcohol consumption given the limited number of studies addressing the link between these factors in the adolescent brain. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study and the experimental protocol started when rats were 25-days old. Rats were assigned to either: (a) ethanol or (b) control group. Animals in each group were further randomized to receive either: BDNF receptor agonist or vehicle. Rats were trained to self-administer ethanol and the binge protocol consisted of daily 30-min experimental sessions 4h into the dark period for 12days. Two days after the last drinking session, rats were tested in the sucrose preference test to evaluate anhedonia and the open field test after habituation to evaluate behavioral despair. Our data showed that: (1) self-administration of alcohol in a binge-like pattern causes inebriation as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and this pattern of alcohol exposure is associated with the development of a depression-like symptom; (2) no significant difference in blood alcohol levels between the two ethanol groups; and (3) chronic binge drinking resulted in the development of a depressive phenotype, decreased survival and neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus, and decreased BDNF effect during the withdrawal period. But the most important finding in our study is that augmenting BDNF actions through the use of tyrosine kinase B (TrkB, a BDNF receptor) agonist restored neurogenesis and abolished the alcohol-induced anhedonia and despair behaviors seen during the withdrawal/abstinence period. Our results suggest that BDNF might be a molecule that can be targeted for interventions in alcoholism-depression co-incidence.
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