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Moreira NCDS, Lima JEBDF, Fiori Marchiori M, Carvalho I, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Neuroprotective Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Current Scenario in Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease and Future Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:177-193. [PMID: 35591949 PMCID: PMC9108627 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease conceptualized as a continuous process, ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to the mild, moderate, and severe clinical stages of AD dementia. AD is considered a complex multifactorial disease. Currently, the use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI), such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, has been the main treatment for AD patients. Interestingly, there is evidence that ChEI also promotes neuroprotective effects, bringing some benefits to AD patients. The mechanisms by which the ChEI act have been investigated in AD. ChEI can modulate the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is an important signaling cascade that is capable of causing a significant functional impact on neurons by activating cell survival pathways to promote neuroprotective effects. However, there is still a huge challenge in the field of neuroprotection, but in the context of unravelling the details of the PI3K/AKT pathway, a new scenario has emerged for the development of more efficient drugs that act on multiple protein targets. Thus, the mechanisms by which ChEI can promote neuroprotective effects and prospects for the development of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Fiori Marchiori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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2
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Alvarez XA, Winston CN, Barlow JW, Sarsoza FM, Alvarez I, Aleixandre M, Linares C, García-Fantini M, Kastberger B, Winter S, Rissman RA. Modulation of Amyloid-β and Tau in Alzheimer's Disease Plasma Neuronal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Cerebrolysin® and Donepezil. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:705-717. [PMID: 36155516 PMCID: PMC9697063 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEV) contain proteins of pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic relevance. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of six plasma NDEV markers with Alzheimer's disease (AD) severity, cognition and functioning, and changes in these biomarkers after Cerebrolysin®, donepezil, and a combination therapy in AD. METHODS Plasma NDEV levels of Aβ42, total tau, P-T181-tau, P-S393-tau, neurogranin, and REST were determined in: 1) 116 mild to advanced AD patients and in 20 control subjects; 2) 110 AD patients treated with Cerebrolysin®, donepezil, or combination therapy in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Samples for NDEV determinations were obtained at baseline in the NDEV study and at baseline and study endpoint in the RCT. Cognition and functioning were assessed at the same time points. RESULTS NDEV levels of Aβ42, total tau, P-T181-tau, and P-S393-tau were higher and those of neurogranin and REST were lower in mild-to-moderate AD than in controls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). NDEV total tau, neurogranin, and REST increased with AD severity (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). NDEV Aβ42 and P-T181-tau correlated negatively with serum BDNF (p < 0.05), and total-tau levels were associated to plasma TNF-α (p < 0.01) and cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). Combination therapy reduced NDEV Aβ42 with respect to monotherapies (p < 0.05); and NDEV total tau, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau were decreased in Cerebrolysin-treated patients compared to those on donepezil monotherapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present results demonstrate the utility of NDEV determinations of pathologic and synaptic proteins as effective AD biomarkers, as markers of AD severity, and as potential tools for monitoring the effects of anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Anton Alvarez
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica Reha Salud, A Coruña, Spain
- Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - James W. Barlow
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Floyd M. Sarsoza
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica Reha Salud, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Nayeri T, Sarvi S, Daryani A. Toxoplasmosis: Targeting neurotransmitter systems in psychiatric disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:123-146. [PMID: 34476718 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The most common form of the disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is latent toxoplasmosis due to the formation of tissue cysts in various organs, such as the brain. Latent toxoplasmosis is probably a risk factor in the development of some neuropsychiatric disorders. Behavioral changes after infection are caused by the host immune response, manipulation by the parasite, central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, as well as changes in hormonal and neuromodulator relationships. The present review focused on the exact mechanisms of T. gondii effect on the alteration of behavior and neurotransmitter levels, their catabolites and metabolites, as well as the interaction between immune responses and this parasite in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. The dysfunction of neurotransmitters in the neural transmission is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, further intensive studies are required to determine the effect of this parasite on altering the level of neurotransmitters and the role of neurotransmitters in the etiology of host behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooran Nayeri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Takada-Takatori Y. [Donepezil Reduces Amyloid Precursor Protein Endocytosis by Resulting from Increase in the Expression of Sorting Nexin Protein 33]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:851-856. [PMID: 34078793 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil, the most widely used drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and is thought to improve cognition by stimulating cholinergic neurotransmission. However, no correlation has yet been established between the inhibitory role of AChE inhibitors and their therapeutic effects when used in AD patients. The cleavage pathway of amyloid precursor protein (APP) includes amyloidgenic (β, γ-cleavage) and non-amyloidgenic (α-cleavage) pathways. The intracellular transportation of APP is important in determining these cleavage pathways. It has been suggested that sorting nexin (SNX) family proteins regulates the intracellular transport of APP, thereby enhancing α-cleavage. In this study, we examined the effects of donepezil on SNX33 expression changes and APP processing in primary cultures of fetal rat cortical neurons. While donepezil treatment increased the levels of SNX33 expression and soluble APPα (sAPPα) in culture media, no changes were observed regarding full-length APP expression in the cell lysate. Donepezil also reduced the release of amyloid β (Aβ) into culture media in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This reduction was not affected by acetylcholine receptor antagonists. The membrane surface expression of APP was elevated by donepezil. Furthermore, SNX knockdown by antisense morpholino oligos prevented the effects of donepezil. These results indicated that donepezil increased APP expression at the surface of the plasma membrane by decreasing APP endocytosis through upregulation of SNX33, suggesting donepezil might stimulate the non-amyloidogenic pathway. This new mechanism of action for the currently used anti-AD drug may provide a valuable basis for future drug discovery.
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Lee JY, Kim JY, Lee JY, Jung JH, Jung IC. Efficacy of Jihwangeumja (Dihuang Yinzi) on cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer disease: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25592. [PMID: 34106590 PMCID: PMC8133293 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review protocol describes the methods proposed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jihwangeumja in patients with Alzheimer disease. METHODS The following databases, PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Digital Science Library, Korean Information Service System, and Korean Medical Database will be searched for relevant publications without language or publication status restrictions. Search terms will be based on "Alzheimer" for participants and "Jihwangeumja" or "Dihuang Yinzi" for interventions. Two researchers will independently extract the study data from the included studies and only randomized controlled trials will be included. The risk of bias will also be assessed independently by 2 researchers using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We will use RevMan software random-effects and fixed-effect models for the assessment of heterogeneity and data synthesis. Any changes in the plan for documenting significant protocol amendments will require the researchers to have a revision agreement and register the international prospective register of systematic review modification. RESULTS The treatment effect and safety will be measured by meta-analysis and the quality of the included studies will be reviewed. CONCLUSION This systematic review will provide evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Jihwangeumja. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required because individual patient data will not be included in this paper. The study findings will be disseminated through conference presentations. OSF REGISTRATION DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/HXA58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeong Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeong Jung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Jung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Nikpour M, Sharafi A, Hamidi M, Andalib S. Effect of Colloidal Aqueous Solution of Fullerene (C60) in the Presence of a P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor (Verapamil) on Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Expression of Sirtuin6, SELADIN1, and AQP1 Genes in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2549-2565. [PMID: 32631043 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of neurodegenerative diseases which is accompanied by irreversible neuronal damage, learning difficulties, memory impairments, and cognitive disorders. The cholinergic system is destroyed during AD pathogenesis, leading to the major symptoms of the disease. Although in severe stages AD is life threatening, to date no absolute treatment has been found for this illness and some palliative options are available. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fullerene (C60) aqueous suspension (FAS) on improving spatial memory in amnesic male Wistar rats (weighing 200 ± 20 g) and to further compare the results with that of donepezil (DNPZL) as a standard drug. FAS was prepared via a solvent exchange method. The particle size was in the 119.14 ± 3.38 nm range with polydispersity index of 0.15 ± 0.02 and zeta potential of -12.22 ± 5.98 mV. A simple and high sensitive reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to identify the C60 concentration in FAS (21 μg/mL). Efficiencies of drugs were examined in both pretreatment and post-treatment groups of animals to better understand how they participate in affecting AD symptoms. Seeing that previous studies have presented antithetical declarations about whether C60 is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, we studied FAS effects in both conditions of the presence and absence of a P-gp inhibitor (verapamil HCl, 25 mg/kg). In order to clarify the molecular mechanisms of action of two drugs, their effects on the expression of three principal genes involved in AD, including Sirtuin6, SELADIN1, and AQP1, and as well as their total antioxidant capacities (TACs) were studied. In order to induce memory impairment, scopolamine HBr (SCOP) was administered for 10 days (2 mg/kg/i.p.). FAS and DNPZL administration regimens were 21 μg/mL, BID (i.p.) and 10 mg/kg (p.o.) for 10 days, respectively. Our results introduce FAS as a promising nanoformulation for improving AD symptoms, especially memory impairment, and further assert that more studies are needed to elucidate C60 and P-gp interaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Nikpour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sina Andalib
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Donepezil modulates amyloid precursor protein endocytosis and reduction by up-regulation of SNX33 expression in primary cortical neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11922. [PMID: 31417133 PMCID: PMC6695423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Donepezil, a therapeutic drug for Alzheimer’s disease, ameliorates cognitive dysfunction through selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. However, recent studies have also reported off-target effects of donepezil that likely contribute to its therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated the (i) role of donepezil in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and (ii) involvement of sorting nexin protein 33 (SNX33), a member of the sorting nexin protein family, in this processing. Results showed that donepezil induces an increase in SNX33 expression in primary cortical neurons. The secretion of sAPPα in culture media increased, whereas the expression of full-length APP in the cell lysate remained unchanged. Exposure of cortical cultures to donepezil led to a decrease in amyloid β (Aβ) protein levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This decrease was not affected by concomitant treatment with acetylcholine receptor antagonists. SNX33 knockdown by target-specific morpholino oligos inhibited the effects of donepezil. Donepezil treatment increased cell membrane surface expression of APP in SNX33 expression-dependent manner. These results suggested that donepezil decreases the level of Aβ by increasing SNX33 expression and APP cleavage by α-secretase in cortical neurons.
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8
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Eskandary A, Moazedi AA, Najaph Zade H, Akhond MR. Effects of Donepezil Hydrochloride on Neuronal Response of Pyramidal Neurons of the CA1 Hippocampus in Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:109-117. [PMID: 31031898 PMCID: PMC6484192 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Donepezil (DON), an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (AChEI), is widely used in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on pyramidal neuron response in CA1 region of a rat model of AD. Methods In the current experimental study, adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis (NBM) lesion (the lesions were induced by an electrical method of 0.5 m A, for 3 s in NBM) and three donepezil groups (lesions plus 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg donepezil intraperitoneal injection). Neuronal spontaneous activity to injection of the donepezil and saline were recorded in CA1 region of hippocampal. Results The obtained results showed that IntraPeritoneal (IP) injection of donepezil (10 and 15 mg/kg) increased neuronal spontaneous activity in the rat model of AD. Conclusion The current study results suggested that acute IP injection of donepezil increased neuronal response in CA1 region of hippocampal in a rat model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Eskandary
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Moazedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hosein Najaph Zade
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Akhond
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Computer, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zhou X, Xiao W, Su Z, Cheng J, Zheng C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Xu B, Li S, Yang X, Pui Man Hoi M. Hippocampal Proteomic Alteration in Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease and Implication of PINK 1 Regulation in Donepezil Treatment. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:1542-1552. [PMID: 30484658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Donepezil is a clinically approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) for cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Donepezil has been used as a first-line agent for the symptomatic treatment of AD, but its ability to modify disease pathology and underlying mechanisms is not clear. We investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of donepezil in AD-related triple transgenic (APPSwe/PSEN1M146V/MAPTP301L) mouse model (3×Tg-AD). Mice (8-month old) were treated with donepezil (1.3 mg/kg) for 4 months and evaluated by behavioral tests for assessment of cognitive functions, and the hippocampal tissues were examined by protein analysis and quantitative proteomics. Behavioral tests showed that donepezil significantly improved the cognitive capabilities of 3×Tg-AD mice. The levels of soluble and insoluble amyloid beta proteins (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42) and senile plaques were reduced in the hippocampus. Golgi staining of the hippocampus showed that donepezil prevented dendritic spine loss in hippocampal neurons of 3×Tg-AD mice. Proteomic studies of the hippocampal tissues identified 3131 proteins with altered expression related to AD pathology, of which 262 could be significantly reversed with donepezil treatment. Bioinformatics with functional analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network mapping showed that donepezil significantly elevated the protein levels of PINK 1, NFASC, MYLK2, and NRAS in the hippocampus, and modulated the biological pathways of axon guidance, mitophagy, mTOR, and MAPK signaling. The substantial upregulation of PINK 1 with donepezil was further verified by Western blotting. Donepezil exhibited neuroprotective effects via multiple mechanisms. In particular, PINK 1 is related to mitophagy and cellular protection from mitochondrial dysfunction, which might play important roles in AD pathogenesis and represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau 99078 , China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Letters & Science , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Zhiyang Su
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510000 , China
| | - Jiehong Cheng
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510000 , China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510000 , China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510000 , China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou 510000 , China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510000 , China
| | - Benhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Shupen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau 99078 , China
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He B, Xu F, Yan T, Xiao F, Wu B, Wang Y, Bi K, Jia Y. Tectochrysin from Alpinia Oxyphylla Miq. alleviates Aβ 1-42 induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:365-372. [PMID: 30412728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is diagnosed by impaired learning and memory in elderly individuals. Tectochrysin (TEC) is a flavonoid compound isolated from Alpinia Oxyphylla Miq., which has been traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhea, salivation, diuresis and dementia. In our study, model mice with AD induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42 were used to determine the role of TEC on memory retrieval. The results revealed that AD mice received intracerebroventricular injection of TEC (140 µg/kg) showed improved spatial memory performance and down-regulated expressions of β-secretase and accumulation of Aβ1-42 in brain tissues. TEC also decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde and total cholinesterase, and increased activities of both antioxidant superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in hippocampal and cortex. In addition, Aβ1-42 induced injury of neurons in hippocampal CA1 layer was rehabilitated in TEC treated mice. These findings highlight the beneficial role of TEC in amnestic mice induced by Aβ1-42 through the down-regulation of Aβ1-42 accumulation, oxidative stress, and total cholinesterase. Our study indicated a therapeutic potential of TEC in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosai He
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, PR China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Eskandary A, Moazedi AA, Najaph zade varzi H, Akhond MR. Combined Effects of Donepezil and Lovastatin on Cognition Deficit Induced by Bilateral Lesion of the Nucl. Basalis Magnocellularis in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-018-9723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Mohamed LW, Abuel-Maaty SM, Mohammed WA, Galal MA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new oxopyrrolidine derivatives as inhibitors of acetyl cholinesterase and β amyloid protein as anti – Alzheimer’s agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rahman A, Lamberty Y, Schenker E, Cella M, Languille S, Bordet R, Richardson J, Pifferi F, Aujard F. Effects of acute administration of donepezil or memantine on sleep-deprivation-induced spatial memory deficit in young and aged non-human primate grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184822. [PMID: 28922421 PMCID: PMC5602634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics to prevent cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is facing paramount difficulties since the translational efficacy of rodent models did not resulted in better clinical results. Currently approved treatments, including the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil (DON) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist memantine (MEM) provide marginal therapeutic benefits to AD patients. There is an urgent need to develop a predictive animal model that is phylogenetically proximal to humans to achieve better translation. The non-human primate grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) is increasingly used in aging research, but there is no published results related to the impact of known pharmacological treatments on age-related cognitive impairment observed in this primate. In the present study we investigated the effects of DON and MEM on sleep-deprivation (SD)—induced memory impairment in young and aged male mouse lemurs. In particular, spatial memory impairment was evaluated using a circular platform task after 8 h of total SD. Acute single doses of DON or MEM (0.1 and 1mg/kg) or vehicle were administered intraperitoneally 3 h before the cognitive task during the SD procedure. Results indicated that both doses of DON were able to prevent the SD-induced deficits in retrieval of spatial memory as compared to vehicle-treated animals, both in young and aged animals Likewise, MEM show a similar profile at 1 mg/kg but not at 0.1mg/kg. Taken together, these results indicate that two widely used drugs for mitigating cognitive deficits in AD were partially effective in sleep deprived mouse lemurs, which further support the translational potential of this animal model. Our findings demonstrate the utility of this primate model for further testing cognitive enhancing drugs in development for AD or other neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisur Rahman
- UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France
| | - Yves Lamberty
- UCB Pharma s.a., Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Massimo Cella
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Solène Languille
- UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Département de Pharmacologie Médicale, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Faculté de Médecine, CHU, Lille, France
| | - Jill Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts., United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Pifferi
- UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Brunoy, France
- * E-mail:
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14
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Ishibashi K, Miura Y, Wagatsuma K, Ishiwata K, Ishii K. Changes in brain amyloid-β accumulation after donepezil administration. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 45:328-329. [PMID: 28864409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies using the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown that donepezil administration reduces brain amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation. This study investigated whether donepezil administration can reduce brain Aβ accumulation in human patients with AD. Ten patients with AD underwent two 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography sessions approximately one year apart to measure brain Aβ accumulation before and after donepezil treatment. Volumes-of-interest were placed on Aβ-preferred regions, and the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated considering the cerebellum as a reference region. Three and seven patients received 10mg and 5mg of donepezil, respectively. SUVR was significantly higher in the second than in the first session (P=0.026). This study showed that one year of donepezil administration does not reduce brain Aβ accumulation in human patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishibashi
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Miura
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kei Wagatsuma
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Hansen HH, Fabricius K, Barkholt P, Kongsbak-Wismann P, Schlumberger C, Jelsing J, Terwel D, Termont A, Pyke C, Knudsen LB, Vrang N. Long-Term Treatment with Liraglutide, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist, Has No Effect on β-Amyloid Plaque Load in Two Transgenic APP/PS1 Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158205. [PMID: 27421117 PMCID: PMC4946784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is cerebral deposits of extracellular β-amyloid peptides. Preclinical studies have pointed to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptors as a potential novel target in the treatment of AD. GLP-1 receptor agonists, including exendin-4 and liraglutide, have been shown to promote plaque-lowering and mnemonic effects of in a number of experimental models of AD. Transgenic mouse models carrying genetic mutations of amyloid protein precursor (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS1) are commonly used to assess the pharmacodynamics of potential amyloidosis-lowering and pro-cognitive compounds. In this study, effects of long-term liraglutide treatment were therefore determined in two double APP/PS1 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease carrying different clinical APP/PS1 mutations, i.e. the ‘London’ (hAPPLon/PS1A246E) and ‘Swedish’ mutation variant (hAPPSwe/PS1ΔE9) of APP, with co-expression of distinct PS1 variants. Liraglutide was administered in 5 month-old hAPPLon/PS1A246E mice for 3 months (100 or 500 ng/kg/day, s.c.), or 7 month-old hAPPSwe/PS1ΔE9 mice for 5 months (500 ng/kg/day, s.c.). In both models, regional plaque load was quantified throughout the brain using stereological methods. Vehicle-dosed hAPPSwe/PS1ΔE9 mice exhibited considerably higher cerebral plaque load than hAPPLon/PS1A246E control mice. Compared to vehicle-dosed transgenic controls, liraglutide treatment had no effect on the plaque levels in hAPPLon/PS1A246E and hAPPSwe/PS1ΔE9 mice. In conclusion, long-term liraglutide treatment exhibited no effect on cerebral plaque load in two transgenic mouse models of low- and high-grade amyloidosis, which suggests differential sensitivity to long-term liraglutide treatment in various transgenic mouse models mimicking distinct pathological hallmarks of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik H. Hansen
- Gubra, Agern Allé 1, DK-2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
- * E-mail: (HHH); (NV)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dick Terwel
- reMYND NV, Gaston Greenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Charles Pyke
- Diabetes Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bjerre Knudsen
- Diabetes Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra, Agern Allé 1, DK-2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
- * E-mail: (HHH); (NV)
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16
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Conti E, Tremolizzo L, Santarone ME, Tironi M, Radice I, Zoia CP, Aliprandi A, Salmaggi A, Dominici R, Casati M, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C. Donepezil modulates the endogenous immune response: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:296-303. [PMID: 27297668 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Donepezil (DNPZ) is a drug commonly used for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that may favour a T helper 2 phenotype leading to increased naturally occurring auto-antibodies (NAb) against beta-amyloid (Aβ). We hypothesized the involvement of the cholinergic receptors [α7-nicotnic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR)] expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). METHODS Fifty patients with mild-to-moderate AD, DNPZ treated (DNPZ+, n = 25) or not (DNPZ-, n = 25), and 25 matched controls were enrolled and PBMC extracted for both in vitro cultures, and real-time polymerase chain reaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Plasma samples were also obtained for Aβ and NAb determination. RESULTS Donepezil increased in vitro the expression of the transcription factor GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) through α7nAChR, because prevented by the specific antagonist methyllycaconitine. Ex vivo PBMC α7nAChR mRNA expression was increased in both AD groups, while GATA3 expression was not. A significant increase in the GATA3/interleukin 5 promoter association was found in DNPZ+ patients. Finally, DNPZ+ patients showed both significantly higher plasma levels of anti-Aβ NAb with respect to DNPZ- patients and Aβ 1-42 with respect to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Donepezil might modulate a T helper 2 bias via α7nAChR leading to increased expression of NAb. Further studies on the role of the modulation of the immune response against Aβ may pave the way to innovative therapeutic strategies for AD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Conti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Elena Santarone
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Tironi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Isabella Radice
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Paola Zoia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Dominici
- Laboratory of Chemical and Clinical Analyses, Magenta Hospital, Italy
| | - Marco Casati
- Laboratory of Chemical and Clinical Analyses, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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17
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Lim S, Choi JG, Moon M, Kim HG, Lee W, Bak HR, Sung H, Park CH, Kim SY, Oh MS. An Optimized Combination of Ginger and Peony Root Effectively Inhibits Amyloid-β Accumulation and Amyloid-β-Mediated Pathology in AβPP/PS1 Double-Transgenic Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:189-200. [PMID: 26639976 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The progressive aggregation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) into senile plaques is a major pathological factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is believed to result in memory impairment. We aimed to investigate the effect of an optimized combination of ginger and peony root (OCGP), a standardized herbal mixture of ginger and peony root, on Aβ accumulation and memory impairment in amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic mice. In an in vitro thioflavin T fluorescence assay, 100 μg/ml OCGP inhibited Aβ accumulation to the same extent as did 10 μM curcumin. Furthermore, AβPP/PS1 double-transgenic mice treated with OCGP (50 or 100 mg/kg/day given orally for 14 weeks) exhibited reduced Aβ plaque accumulation in the hippocampus and lower levels of glial fibrillary acid protein and cyclooxygease-2 expression compared with vehicle-treated controls. These results suggest that OCGP may prevent memory impairment in AD by inhibiting Aβ accumulation and inflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonmin Lim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Rok Bak
- CJ Healthcare R&D center, Majang-myeon, Icheon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hachang Sung
- CJ Healthcare R&D center, Majang-myeon, Icheon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hye Park
- CJ Healthcare R&D center, Majang-myeon, Icheon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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He D, Wu H, Wei Y, Liu W, Huang F, Shi H, Zhang B, Wu X, Wang C. Effects of harmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on spatial learning and memory of APP/PS1 transgenic mice and scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 768:96-107. [PMID: 26526348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid present in Peganum harmala with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, has been shown to exert strong inhibition against acetylcholinesterase in vitro. However, whether it can rescue the impaired cognition has not been elucidated yet. In current study, we examined its effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice and APP/PS1 transgenic mice, one of the models for Alzheimer's disease, using Morris Water Maze test. In addition, whether harmine could penetrate blood brain barrier, interact with and inhibit acetylcholinesterase, and activate downstream signaling network was also investigated. Our results showed that harmine (20mg/kg) administered by oral gavage for 2 weeks could effectively enhance the spatial cognition of C57BL/6 mice impaired by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (1mg/kg). Meanwhile, long-term consumption of harmine (20mg/kg) for 10 weeks also slightly benefited the impaired memory of APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, harmine could pass through blood brain barrier, penetrate into the brain parenchyma shortly after oral administration, and modulate the expression of Egr-1, c-Jun and c-Fos. Molecular docking assay disclosed that harmine molecule could directly dock into the catalytic active site of acetylcholinesterase, which was partially confirmed by its in vivo inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase. Taken together, all these results suggested that harmine could ameliorate impaired memory by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission via inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase, which may contribute to its clinical use in the therapy of neurological diseases characterized with acetylcholinesterase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan He
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wei
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Centrally Delivered BACE1 Inhibitor Activates Microglia, and Reverses Amyloid Pathology and Cognitive Deficit in Aged Tg2576 Mice. J Neurosci 2015; 35:6931-6. [PMID: 25926467 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2262-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple small-molecule inhibitors of the β-secretase enzyme (BACE1) are under preclinical or clinical investigation for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prior work has illustrated robust lowering of central amyloid β (Aβ) after acute administration of BACE1 inhibitors. However, very few studies have assessed the overall impact of chronically administered BACE1 inhibitors on brain amyloid burden, neuropathology, and behavioral function in aged preclinical models. We investigated the effects of a potent nonbrain-penetrant BACE1 inhibitor, delivered directly to the brain using intracerebroventricular infusion in an aged transgenic mouse model. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the BACE1 inhibitor (0.3-23.5 μg/d) for 8 weeks, initiated in 17-month-old Tg2576 mice, produced dose-dependent increases in brain inhibitor concentrations (0.2-13 μm). BACE1 inhibition significantly reversed the behavioral deficit in contextual fear conditioning, and reduced brain Aβ levels, plaque burden, and associated pathology (e.g., dystrophic neurites), with maximal effects attained with ∼1 μg/d dose. Strikingly, the BACE1 inhibitor also reversed amyloid pathology below baseline levels (amyloid burden at the start of treatment), without adversely affecting cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microhemorrhages, myelination, or neuromuscular function. Inhibitor-mediated decline in brain amyloid pathology was associated with an increase in microglial ramification. This is the first demonstration of chronically administered BACE1 inhibitor to activate microglia, reverse brain amyloid pathology, and elicit functional improvement in an aged transgenic mouse model. Thus, engagement of novel glial-mediated clearance mechanisms may drive disease-modifying therapeutic benefit with BACE1 inhibition in AD.
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20
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Donepezil improves learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice by inhibition of microglial activation. Neuroscience 2015; 290:530-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Ashok A, Rai NK, Tripathi S, Bandyopadhyay S. Exposure to As-, Cd-, and Pb-mixture induces Aβ, amyloidogenic APP processing and cognitive impairments via oxidative stress-dependent neuroinflammation in young rats. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:64-80. [PMID: 25288670 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants act as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), mainly affecting the aging population. We investigated early manifestations of AD-like pathology by a mixture of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), reported to impair neurodevelopment. We treated rats with As+Cd+Pb at their concentrations detected in groundwater of India, ie, 0.38, 0.098, and 0.22 ppm or 10 times of each, respectively, from gestation-05 to postnatal day-180. We identified dose-dependent increase in amyloid-beta (Aβ) in frontal cortex and hippocampus as early as post-weaning. The effect was strongly significant during early-adulthood, reaching levels comparable to an Aβ-infused AD-like rat model. The metals activated the proamyloidogenic pathway, mediated by increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP), and subsequent beta secretase (BACE) and presenilin (PS)-mediated APP-processing. Investigating the mechanism of Aβ-induction revealed an augmentation in oxidative stress-dependent neuroinflammation that stimulated APP expression through interleukin-responsive-APP-mRNA 5'-untranslated region. We then examined the effects of individual metals and binary mixtures in comparison with the tertiary. Among individual metals, Pb triggered maximum induction of Aβ, whereas individual As or Cd had a relatively non-significant effect on Aβ despite enhanced APP, owing to reduced induction of BACE and PS. Interestingly, when combined the metals demonstrated synergism, with a major contribution by As. The synergistic effect was significant and consistent in tertiary mixture, resulting in the augmentation of Aβ. Eventually, increase in Aβ culminated in cognitive impairments in the young rats. Together, our data demonstrate that exposure to As+Cd+Pb induces premature manifestation of AD-like pathology that is synergistic, and oxidative stress and inflammation dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushruti Ashok
- *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Rai
- *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sachin Tripathi
- *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India *Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow and Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow 226001, India
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22
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Poole RL, Connor DA, Gould TJ. Donepezil reverses nicotine withdrawal-induced deficits in contextual fear conditioning in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Neurosci 2014; 128:588-93. [PMID: 24911319 PMCID: PMC4172524 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal from chronic nicotine is associated with cognitive deficits. Therapies that ameliorate cognitive deficits during withdrawal aid in preventing relapse during quit attempts. Withdrawal-induced deficits in contextual learning are associated with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulation. The aim of the present study was to determine if the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil has the ability to reverse nicotine withdrawal-induced deficits in contextual learning. Results demonstrated that low doses of donepezil, which do not enhance contextual learning or alter locomotor activity/anxiety-related behavior, can reverse nicotine withdrawal-induced deficits in contextual learning. Thus, donepezil may have therapeutic value for ameliorating cognitive deficits associated with nicotine withdrawal and for preventing relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Poole
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience Program, Temple University
| | - David A Connor
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience Program, Temple University
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience Program, Temple University
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