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Pande LJ, Arnet RE, Piper BJ. An Examination of the Complex Pharmacological Properties of the Non-Selective Opioid Modulator Buprenorphine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1397. [PMID: 37895868 PMCID: PMC10610465 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide a recent examination of the pharmacodynamics as well as pharmacokinetics, misuse potential, toxicology, and prenatal consequences of buprenorphine. Buprenorphine is currently a Schedule III opioid in the US used for opioid-use disorder (OUD) and as an analgesic. Buprenorphine has high affinity for the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), delta (DOR), and kappa (KOR) and intermediate affinity for the nociceptin (NOR). Buprenorphine's active metabolite, norbuprenorphine, crosses the blood-brain barrier, is a potent metabolite that attenuates the analgesic effects of buprenorphine due to binding to NOR, and is responsible for the respiratory depressant effects. The area under the concentration curves are very similar for buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine, which indicates that it is important to consider this metabolite. Crowding sourcing has identified a buprenorphine street value (USD 3.95/mg), indicating some non-medical use. There have also been eleven-thousand reports involving buprenorphine and minors (age < 19) at US poison control centers. Prenatal exposure to clinically relevant dosages in rats produces reductions in myelin and increases in depression-like behavior. In conclusion, the pharmacology of this OUD pharmacotherapy including the consequences of prenatal buprenorphine exposure in humans and experimental animals should continue to be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leana J. Pande
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (L.J.P.); (R.E.A.)
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rhudjerry E. Arnet
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (L.J.P.); (R.E.A.)
| | - Brian J. Piper
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (L.J.P.); (R.E.A.)
- Center for Pharmacy Innovation and Outcomes, Danville, PA 17821, USA
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Potential Health Risks Linked to Emerging Contaminants in Major Rivers and Treated Waters. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our local waterways is becoming an increasing threat to the surrounding population. These compounds and their degradation products (found in pesticides, herbicides, and plastic waste) are known to interfere with a range of biological functions from reproduction to differentiation. To better understand these effects, we used an in silico ontological pathway analysis to identify the genes affected by the most commonly detected EDCs in large river water supplies, which we grouped together based on four common functions: Organismal injuries, cell death, cancer, and behavior. In addition to EDCs, we included the opioid buprenorphine in our study, as this similar ecological threat has become increasingly detected in river water supplies. Through the identification of the pleiotropic biological effects associated with both the acute and chronic exposure to EDCs and opioids in local water supplies, our results highlight a serious health threat worthy of additional investigations with a potential emphasis on the effects linked to increased DNA damage.
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Marie N, Canestrelli C, Noble F. Role of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in neuroadaptations induced by drugs of abuse, with a focus on opioids and psychostimulants. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:217-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Blum K, Baron D. Opioid Substitution Therapy: Achieving Harm Reduction While Searching for a Prophylactic Solution. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:180-182. [DOI: 10.2174/138920102003190422150527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| | - David Baron
- Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
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Noble F, Marie N. Management of Opioid Addiction With Opioid Substitution Treatments: Beyond Methadone and Buprenorphine. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:742. [PMID: 30713510 PMCID: PMC6345716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the opioid crisis in North America, opioid addiction has come in the spotlight and reveals the weakness of the current treatments. Two main opioid substitution therapies (OST) exist: buprenorphine and methadone. These two molecules are mu opioid receptor agonists but with different pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. In this review, we will go through these properties and see how they could explain why these medications are recognized for their efficacy in treating opioid addiction but also if they could account for the side effects especially for a long-term use. From this critical analysis, we will try to delineate some guidelines for the design of future OST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Noble
- CNRS ERL 3649, "Neuroplasticité et thérapies des addictions", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris, France.,Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Marie
- CNRS ERL 3649, "Neuroplasticité et thérapies des addictions", Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris, France.,Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Willi TS, Honer WG, Thornton AE, Gicas K, Procyshyn RM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Panenka WJ, Aleksic A, Leonova O, Jones AA, MacEwan GW, Barr AM. Factors affecting severity of positive and negative symptoms of psychosis in a polysubstance using population with psychostimulant dependence. Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:336-342. [PMID: 27138828 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Approximately half of psychostimulant users experience psychotic symptoms, which include both positive and negative symptoms. Prior reports have exclusively used positive symptoms to characterize psychostimulant associated psychosis. Symptoms vary dramatically in severity, though most investigations categorize psychosis as a dichotomous occurrence. To explore the association between different substances of abuse and the severity of psychotic symptoms, we investigated 171 individuals meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for psychostimulant (cocaine or methamphetamine) dependence in an observational cross-sectional study. Participants were predominantly male (72.5%), recruited from a socially disadvantaged neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada, with a mean age of 45.5(±8.8) years. Of the total sample, 85% were dependent on cocaine, and 28.1% were dependent on methamphetamine. Participants had a median total PANSS score of 63, ranging from 37 to 111. Demographic information, current substance use and early substance exposure were used to predict positive and negative psychotic symptom severity in linear regression models. Increased severity of positive psychotic symptoms was significantly related to greater methamphetamine and marijuana use in the past 28 days, and methadone-abstinence. Negative symptom severity was related to increased opioid use in the past 28 days. There was no overlap between predictors of positive and negative symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Willi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Kristina Gicas
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Ana Aleksic
- Department of Pharmacology, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Pharmacology, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3.
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Lenoir M, Noble F. [What brings neurobiology to addictions?]. Presse Med 2016; 45:1096-1101. [PMID: 27020520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Addictions are multifactorial, and there are no experimental models replicating all aspects of this pathology. The development of animal models reproducing the clinical symptoms of addictions allows significant advances in the knowledge of the neurobiological processes involved in addiction. Preclinical data highlight different neuroadaptations according to the routes of administration, speeds of injection and frequencies of exposure to drugs of abuse. The neuroadaptations induced by an exposure to drugs of abuse follow dynamic processes in time. Despite significant progresses in the knowledge of neurobiology of addictions allowing to propose new therapeutic targets, the passage of new drugs in clinical is often disappointing. The lack of treatment efficacy reported in clinical trials is probably due to a very important heterogeneity of patients with distinct biological and genetic factors, but also with different patterns of consumption that can lead to different neuroadaptations, as clearly observed in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Lenoir
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS ERL 3649 « Neuroplasticité et thérapies des addictions », Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Noble
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS ERL 3649 « Neuroplasticité et thérapies des addictions », Inserm UMR-S 1124, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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