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Parvan M, Nozari M, Shabani M, Nozari H, Kohlmeier KA, Mohammadi S. Effects of agmatine on radial-arm maze memory performance and autistic-like behaviors in a male rat model of autism. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2379. [PMID: 38958465 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest-growing child neuropsychiatric condition. Cognitive dysfunctions such as memory impairments are experienced by patients along with social disturbances and repetitive/stereotypic movements. We have used the radial arm maze (RAM), for measurement of working and reference memory errors in an animal model of autism. In addition, the potential effects of agmatine, an endogenous NMDA antagonist, on RAM performance and autistic-like behaviors were assessed. METHODS Autism was modeled by valproic acid (VPA) administration at gestational Day 12.5. Autism-associated behaviors in male offspring were examined in an open field test (OFT) and three-chambered test (TCT) on postnatal days 50-51. Thereafter, the animals were trained in the RAM (PND 55) until they attained the criteria of 80% correct choices during five consecutive trials. Forty-eight hours after the acquisition of criteria, agmatine was injected 30 min before subsequent behavioral testing, which included the retention phase of the RAM, OFT, and TCT. RESULTS VPA-treated and intact rats showed the same performance in RAM, and acute injection of agmatine rescued social and anxiety-like behavior induced by VPA without the effect on RAM. CONCLUSION In a rat model of autism, spatial learning, and memory did not change. Agmatine rescued social and anxiety-like behavior in autistic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Parvan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hojat Nozari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kristi Anne Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Janus A, Lustyk K, Pytka K. MK-801 and cognitive functions: Investigating the behavioral effects of a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2435-2457. [PMID: 37725119 PMCID: PMC10640442 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE MK-801 (dizocilpine) is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist originally explored for anticonvulsant potential. Despite its original purpose, its amnestic properties led to the development of pivotal models of various cognitive impairments widely employed in research and greatly impacting scientific progress. MK-801 offers several advantages; however, it also presents drawbacks, including inducing dose-dependent hyperlocomotion or ambiguous effects on anxiety, which can impact the interpretation of behavioral research results. OBJECTIVES The present review attempts to summarize and discuss the effects of MK-801 on different types of memory and cognitive functions in animal studies. RESULTS A plethora of behavioral research suggests that MK-801 can detrimentally impact cognitive functions. The specific effect of this compound is influenced by variables including developmental stage, gender, species, strain, and, crucially, the administered dose. Notably, when considering the undesirable effects of MK-801, doses up to 0.1 mg/kg were found not to induce stereotypy or hyperlocomotion. CONCLUSION Dizocilpine continues to be of significant importance in preclinical research, facilitating the exploration of various procognitive therapeutic agents. However, given its potential undesirable effects, it is imperative to meticulously determine the appropriate dosages and conduct supplementary evaluations for any undesirable outcomes, which could complicate the interpretation of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janus
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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Koszałka A, Lustyk K, Pytka K. Sex-dependent differences in animal cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105374. [PMID: 37634555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The differences in cognitive processes driven by biological sex are the issues that have gotten growing attention recently. Considering the increasing population suffering from various cognitive impairments and the development of therapeutic strategies, it is essential that we recognize the mechanisms responsible for discrepancies observed in male and female learning and memory functions. In this review, we discuss recent reports from preclinical studies on rodents regarding selected cognitive domains to explore the state of knowledge on sex-dependent differences and point to challenges encountered during such research. We focus on spatial, recognition, and emotional memory, as well as on executive functions, such as attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. This review will help to acknowledge sex-related differences in cognition and indicate some fields that lack sufficient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Koszałka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Św. Łazarza 16, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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Zhang L, Li Y, Tao D, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xie C. The miR-34b-5p-negative target Gnai2 aggravates fluorine combined with aluminum-induced apoptosis of rat offspring hippocampal neurons and NG108-15 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:66822-66839. [PMID: 37186186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It is known that fluorine and aluminum are commonly found in the environment and that long-term overexposure can adversely affect the organism's nervous system, damaging the structure and function of brain tissue. Our previous study showed that fluorine combined with aluminum (FA) could trigger apoptosis in vitro and cause spatial learning and memory impairment and differentially expressed miRNAs (including miR-34b-5p) in the hippocampi in vivo. However, the detailed mechanism is unclear. Learning memory damage is implicated in excessive hippocampal neuron apoptosis, and miR-34b-5p participates in regulating the hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Thus, in the current research, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to FA, and NG108-15 control cells and NG108-15 cells pretransfected with miR-34b-5p agomir or antagomir were exposed to FA. We found that FA triggered apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons and NG108-15 cells, increased miR-34b-5p expression, and decreased Gnai2, PKA, ERK and CREB expression. Inhibition of miR-34b-5p alleviated FA-induced NG108-15 cell apoptosis and further increased Gnai2, PKA, ERK, and CREB expression, and vice versa. Furthermore, miR-34b-5p modulated the level of Gnai2 by directly targeting its 3'-untranslated region (UTR), as verified through the dual Luciferase reporter assay. These outcomes suggested that miR-34b-5p participated in FA-induced neuronal apoptosis by targeting Gnai2 negatively, thereby inhibiting the PKA/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dan Tao
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chun Xie
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Wang S, Li Z, Wang X, Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Li Y, Wang C, Qin L. Cortical and thalamic modulation of auditory gating in the posterior parietal cortex of awake mice. Cereb Cortex 2023:7032934. [PMID: 36757182 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory gating (AG) is an adaptive mechanism for filtering out redundant acoustic stimuli to protect the brain against information overload. AG deficits have been found in many mental illnesses, including schizophrenia (SZ). However, the neural correlates of AG remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) shows an intermediate level of AG in auditory thalamocortical circuits, with a laminar profile in which the strongest AG is in the granular layer. Furthermore, AG of the PPC was decreased and increased by optogenetic inactivation of the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and auditory cortex (AC), respectively. Optogenetically activating the axons from the MD and AC drove neural activities in the PPC without an obvious AG. These results indicated that AG in the PPC is determined by the integrated signal streams from the MD and AC in a bottom-up manner. We also found that a mouse model of SZ (postnatal administration of noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) presented an AG deficit in the PPC, which may be inherited from the dysfunction of MD. Together, our findings reveal a neural circuit underlying the generation of AG in the PPC and its involvement in the AG deficit of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingna Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital), No.33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110067, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
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Xu J, Li Y, Tian B, Liu H, Wu S, Wang W. The effects and mechanism of environmental enrichment on MK-801 induced cognitive impairment in rodents with schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1024649. [PMID: 36246525 PMCID: PMC9556631 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1024649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Cognitive symptoms are a kind of symptoms with high incidence and great impact on patients. There is no effective treatment in clinical practice. N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor hypofunction may be an important cause of cognitive symptoms. MK-801 (also named Dizocilpine), a noncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptor, is often used to construct a model of NMDA receptor dysfunction. In terms of treatment, environmental enrichment (EE) as an environmental intervention can effectively improve the symptoms of cognitive impairment in rodents. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the background of cognitive symptoms and EE in schizophrenia, and then investigate the manifestations of MK-801 induced cognitive impairment, the improvement of EE on these cognitive impairments based on the MK-801 induced schizophrenia rodent models, and the possible mechanism of EE in improving cognitive symptoms. This article reviews the literature in recent years, which provides an important reference for MK-801 to construct a cognitive symptom model of schizophrenia and the mechanism of EE in improving cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Zhang Z, Wang H, Lei X, Mehdi Ommati M, Tang Z, Yuan J. Bisphenol a exposure decreases learning ability through the suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the hippocampus of male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tractenberg SG, Orso R, Creutzberg KC, Malcon LMC, Lumertz FS, Wearick-Silva LE, Viola TW, Riva MA, Grassi-Oliveira R. Vulnerable and resilient cognitive performance related to early life stress: The potential mediating role of dopaminergic receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:13-27. [PMID: 31907967 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is known to have pronounced effects on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, not all individuals exposed to ELS manifest the same neurobiological and cognitive phenotypes when adults. Dopamine signaling could be a key factor in understanding the effects of stress on PFC-related cognitive function. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the differential effects of ELS on cognitive performance of adult mice and the dopaminergic receptors expression in the PFC. METHODS BALB/c males were exposed to the maternal separation (MS) procedure and their cognitive performance on the eight-arm radial maze (8-RAM) were assessed during adulthood. For molecular-level assessments, we performed mRNA expression analyses for dopamine receptors-DRD1, DRD2, DRD3-and Hers1 expression in the medial PFC. RESULTS While MS produced an overall impairment on 8-RAM, the stressed animals could be divided in two groups based on their performance: those with impaired cognitive performance (vulnerable to maternal separation, V-MS) and those without any impairment (resilient to maternal separation, R-MS). V-MS animals showed increased DRD1 and DRD2 expression in comparison with other groups. Errors on 8-RAM were also positively correlated with DRD1 and DRD2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential role of the dopaminergic system in the programming mechanisms of cognitive vulnerability and resilience related to ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo G Tractenberg
- Graduate Program in Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Orso
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kerstin C Creutzberg
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza M C Malcon
- Graduate Program in Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Lumertz
- Graduate Program in Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago W Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Mohammadi S, Asadi-Shekaari M, Basiri M, Parvan M, Shabani M, Nozari M. Improvement of autistic-like behaviors in adult rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid through early suppression of NMDA receptor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:199-208. [PMID: 31595334 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by social deficits, repetitive/stereotypic activity, and impaired verbal and nonverbal communication and is commonly diagnosed at early stages of life. Based on the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance theory of autism, some recent animal experiments have reported amelioration in autistic-like phenotypes in adult animals following acute treatment of NMDA antagonists. However, we suggested the neonatal period as a critical period for NMDA antagonist intervention. OBJECTIVES This experiment was designed to determine the role of postnatal MK-801, an NMDA receptor blocker, in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA) rat model of ASD. METHODS The model of autism was induced by subcutaneous administration of valproic acid (600 mg/kg) to pregnant rats at gestational day 12.5. The effects of MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg, from postnatal day 6-10) in correcting ASD-associated behaviors in male offspring were assessed by open-field, three-chambered social interaction tests. Moreover, the nociceptive threshold was measured by tail flick and hot plate. Behavioral tests were performed on PND 55-60. Nissl staining was performed to confirm the safety of 0.03 mg/kg MK-801 for the brain. RESULTS We reported that MK-801 rescued social deficits, repetitive behaviors (self-grooming), anxiety-related behavior, and the low nociceptive threshold in the VPA-treated rats. Further, histological examination showed that there were no significant differences among all the groups in terms of the neuronal survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that postnatal low-dose MK-801 improved ASD-associated behaviors in the VPA-treated rats and that early exposure to NMDA antagonist resulted in permanent changes in adult behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Parvan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Differential effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade during the second and third postnatal weeks on spatial working and reference memory in adult rats. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Faatehi M, Basiri M, Nezhadi A, Shabani M, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Soltani Z, Nozari M. Early enriched environment prevents cognitive impairment in an animal model of schizophrenia induced by MK-801: Role of hippocampal BDNF. Brain Res 2019; 1711:115-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Adverse neuropsychiatric development following perinatal brain injury: from a preclinical perspective. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:198-215. [PMID: 30367160 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in young children. Recent advances in obstetrics, reproductive medicine and neonatal intensive care have resulted in significantly higher survival rates of preterm or sick born neonates, at the price of increased prevalence of neurological, behavioural and psychiatric problems in later life. Therefore, the current focus of experimental research shifts from immediate injury processes to the consequences for brain function in later life. The aetiology of perinatal brain injury is multi-factorial involving maternal and also labour-associated factors, including not only placental insufficiency and hypoxia-ischaemia but also exposure to high oxygen concentrations, maternal infection yielding excess inflammation, genetic factors and stress as important players, all of them associated with adverse long-term neurological outcome. Several animal models addressing these noxious stimuli have been established in the past to unravel the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of altered brain development. In spite of substantial efforts to investigate short-term consequences, preclinical evaluation of the long-term sequelae for the development of cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders have rarely been addressed. This review will summarise and discuss not only current evidence but also requirements for experimental research providing a causal link between insults to the developing brain and long-lasting neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Early Social Isolation Stress and Perinatal NMDA Receptor Antagonist Treatment Induce Changes in the Structure and Neurochemistry of Inhibitory Neurons of the Adult Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0034-17. [PMID: 28466069 PMCID: PMC5411163 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0034-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to aversive experiences during early life influences brain development and leads to altered behavior. Moreover, the combination of these experiences with subtle alterations in neurodevelopment may contribute to the emergence of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Recent hypotheses suggest that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission, especially in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, may underlie their etiopathology. In order to understand better the neurobiological bases of these alterations, we studied the impact of altered neurodevelopment and chronic early-life stress on these two brain regions. Transgenic mice displaying fluorescent excitatory and inhibitory neurons, received a single injection of MK801 (NMDAR antagonist) or vehicle solution at postnatal day 7 and/or were socially isolated from the age of weaning until adulthood (3 months old). We found that anxiety-related behavior, brain volume, neuronal structure, and the expression of molecules related to plasticity and E/I neurotransmission in adult mice were importantly affected by early-life stress. Interestingly, many of these effects were potentiated when the stress paradigm was applied to mice perinatally injected with MK801 ("double-hit" model). These results clearly show the impact of early-life stress on the adult brain, especially on the structure and plasticity of inhibitory networks, and highlight the double-hit model as a valuable tool to study the contribution of early-life stress in the emergence of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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Nozari M, Suzuki T, Rosa MGP, Yamakawa K, Atapour N. The impact of early environmental interventions on structural plasticity of the axon initial segment in neocortex. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 59:39-47. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman Iran
| | - Toshimitsu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics; RIKEN Brain Science Institute; Wako-shi Saitama Japan
| | - Marcello G. P. Rosa
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function; Monash University Node; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics; RIKEN Brain Science Institute; Wako-shi Saitama Japan
| | - Nafiseh Atapour
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Rahati M, Nozari M, Eslami H, Shabani M, Basiri M. Effects of enriched environment on alterations in the prefrontal cortex GFAP- and S100B-immunopositive astrocytes and behavioral deficits in MK-801-treated rats. Neuroscience 2016; 326:105-116. [PMID: 27063100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of studies have indicated that enriched environment (EE) paradigm provokes plastic and morphological changes in astrocytes with accompanying increments of their density and positively affects the behavior of rodents. We also previously documented that EE could be employed to preclude several behavioral abnormalities, mainly cognitive deficits, attributed to postnatal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK-801) treatment, as a rodent model of schizophrenia (SCH) aspects. Given this, the current study quantitatively investigated the number of cells, presumed to be astrocytes, expressing two astroglia-associated proteins (S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) by immunohistochemistry in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), along with anxiety and passive avoidance (PA) learning behaviors by utilizing elevated plus maze (EPM) and shuttle-box tests, in MK-801-treated male wistar rats submitted to EE and non-EE rats. Following a treatment regime of sub-chronic MK-801 (1.0mg/kg i.p. daily for five consecutive days from postnatal day (P) 6), S-100B-positive cells and anxiety level were markedly increased, while the GFAP-positive cells and PA learning were notably attenuated. The trend of diminished GFAP-immunopositive cells and elevated S100B-immunostained cells in the PFC was reversed in the SCH-like rats by exposure of animals to EE, commencing from birth up to the time of experiments on P28-85. Additionally, EE exhibited an ameliorating effect on the behavioral abnormalities evoked by MK-801. Overall, present findings support that improper astrocyte functioning and behavioral changes, reminiscent of the many facets of SCH, occur consequential to repetitive administration of MK-801 and that raising rat pups in an EE mitigates these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rahati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Nozari
- Department of Physiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - H Eslami
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Basiri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Nozari M, Shabani M, Farhangi AM, Mazhari S, Atapour N. Sex-specific restoration of MK-801-induced sensorimotor gating deficit by environmental enrichment. Neuroscience 2015; 299:28-34. [PMID: 25934034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite ample evidence of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor dysfunction in schizophrenia, no study has addressed the effects of enriched environment (EE) on sensorimotor gating deficits induced by postnatal NMDA receptor blockade. We evaluated the effect of EE on sensorimotor gating (measured by prepulse inhibition, PPI), or on sensorimotor gating deficit induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) in both sexes of Wistar rats. Rats were injected with MK-801 (1 mg/kg) on postnatal days (P) 6-10. EE was provided from birth up to the time of experiments on P28-30 or P58-60. PPI data were collected at three prepulse intensities and then averaged to yield global PPI. MK-801 treatment reduced PPI significantly in both sexes. While EE per se had no significant effect on PPI, it restored MK-801-induced PPI deficit only in male rats. An extended period of EE did not influence PPI deficit in female rats. Our results indicate that postnatal exposure to MK-801 may exert long-lasting effects on neuronal circuits underlying sensorimotor gating. Sex-specific modulation of such effects by EE suggests sexually dimorphic mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nozari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - A M Farhangi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Mazhari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - N Atapour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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