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Reinhardt PR, Theis CDC, Juckel G, Freund N. Rodent models for mood disorders - understanding molecular changes by investigating social behavior. Biol Chem 2023; 404:939-950. [PMID: 37632729 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including depressive and bipolar disorders, are the group of psychiatric disorders with the highest prevalence and disease burden. However, their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Animal models are an extremely useful tool for the investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders. For psychiatric symptom assessment in animals, a meaningful behavioral phenotype is needed. Social behaviors constitute naturally occurring complex behaviors in rodents and can therefore serve as such a phenotype, contributing to insights into disorder related molecular changes. In this narrative review, we give a fundamental overview of social behaviors in laboratory rodents, as well as their underlying neuronal mechanisms and their assessment. Relevant behavioral and molecular changes in models for mood disorders are presented and an outlook on promising future directions is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Reinhardt
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Candy D C Theis
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
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2
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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3
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Che YX, Jin XY, Xiao RH, Zhang M, Ma XH, Guo F, Li Y. Antidepressant-like effects of cinnamamide derivative M2 via D 2 receptors in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2267-2275. [PMID: 35079131 PMCID: PMC9433382 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a global mental illness associated with severe mortality and disability. The dopaminergic system is involved in both the etiology and therapeutics of depression. Distinct functions of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor subtypes have attracted considerable research interest, and their roles in the pathogenesis of depression and interaction with antidepressants need to be comprehensively elucidated. Herein, we investigated the antidepressant effects of a candidate antidepressant from a cinnamamide derivative, M2, and examined underlying neural mechanisms. We observed that a single dose of M2 (30 mg/kg, ip) produced rapid antidepressant-like effects in mice subjected to the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Using whole-cell recordings in mouse coronal brain slices, we found that application of M2 (10-150 μM) concentration-dependently increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) of the pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Furthermore, M2-induced enhancement of sEPSC frequency was abolished by sulpiride (10 µM), a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, but not by the dopamine receptor D1 antagonist, SCH23390 (10 μM). In addition, M2 administration significantly increased expression levels of synaptogenesis-related proteins, including p-mTOR and p-TrkB, in the mPFC at 30 min, and increased postsynaptic protein PSD-95 at 24 h. Our results demonstrated that M2 produces rapid antidepressant actions through a novel mechanism via dopamine D2 receptor-mediated enhancement of mPFC neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xin Che
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rong-Hua Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Fei Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Yang M, Fu Q, Ma C, Li B. Prefrontal Dopaminergic Regulation of Cue-Guided Risky Decision-Making Performance in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:934834. [PMID: 35898651 PMCID: PMC9309612 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.934834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Risky decision-making is the decision made by individuals when they know the probability of each outcome. In order to survive in unpredictable environments, it is necessary for individuals to assess the probability of events occurring to an make appropriate decisions. There are few studies on the neural basis of risky decision-making behavior guided by external cues, which is related to the relative paucity of animal behavioral paradigms. Previous studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in risk-based decision-making. The PFC receives projections from the dopamine (DA) system from the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain. The mesocorticolimbic DA system regulates the judgments of reward and value in decision-making. However, the specific receptor mechanism for prefrontal DA regulation of cue-guided risky decision-making behavior remains unclear. Here we established a cue-guided risky decision-making behavioral paradigm (RDM task) to detect the behavior of rats making decisions between a small certain reward and a large uncertain reward in a self-paced manner. The D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 (5 mM) or agonist SKF-82958 (5 mM), and the D2 receptor antagonist thioridazine hydrochloride (5 mM) or agonist MLS-1547 (5 mM) was injected into the mPFC, respectively, to investigate how the behavior in the RDM task was changed. The results showed that: (1) rats were able to master the operation of the cue-guided RDM task in a self-paced way; (2) a majority of rats were inclined to choose risk rather than a safe option when the reward expectations were equal; and (3) risk selection was reduced upon inhibition of D1 receptors or stimulation of D2 receptors, but increased upon stimulation of D1 receptors or inhibition of D2 receptors, suggesting that the RDM performance is regulated by D1 and D2 receptors in the mPFC. The present results suggest that DA receptors in the mPFC of rats are involved in regulating cue-guided RDM behavior, with differential involvement of D1 and D2 receptors in the regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhe Yang
- School of Life Science and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiangpei Fu
- School of Life Science and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaolin Ma
- School of Life Science and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoming Li
- School of Life Science and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baoming Li,
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Abstract
Many patients under treatment for mood disorders, in particular patients with bipolar mood disorders, experience episodes of mood switching from one state to another. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanism of mood switching, spontaneously or induced by drug treatment. Animal models have also been used to test the role of psychotropic drugs in the switching of mood states. We examine the possible relationship between the pharmacology of psychotropic drugs and their reported incidents of induced mood switching, with reference to the various hypotheses of mechanisms of mood switching.
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Maya-Romero AM, Dodd GE, Landin JD, Zaremba HK, Allen OF, Bilbow MA, Hammaker RD, Santerre-Anderson JL. Adolescent high-fructose corn syrup consumption leads to dysfunction in adult affective behaviors and mesolimbic proteins in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113687. [PMID: 34838930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period of development, during which the brain undergoes rapid maturation. Problematically, adolescents are the top consumers of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) sweetened beverages and snacks, which may have neurodevelopmental consequences. While HFCS consumption has been linked to an increased likelihood of obesity and other physical health impairments, the link between HFCS and persistent behavioral changes is not yet fully established. The present study aimed to assess whether adolescent HFCS consumption could lead to alterations in adult behaviors and protein expression, following cessation. Adolescent HFCS-exposure contributed to deficits in learning and motivation on an effort-related T-Maze procedure, as well as increased immobility time in the forced swim paradigm during adulthood. Molecularly, protracted decreases in accumbal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and protein kinase G (PKG), as well as increases in tyrosine hydroxylase and GluA2 receptor subunits, were observed following HFCS-exposure. Taken together, these data suggest that adolescent HFCS-consumption leads to protracted dysfunction in affective behaviors and alterations in accumbal proteins which persist following cessation of HFCS-consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Maya-Romero
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Gina E Dodd
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Justine D Landin
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Helen K Zaremba
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Omar F Allen
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Mackenzie A Bilbow
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Rhyce D Hammaker
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L Santerre-Anderson
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA.
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Beyer DKE, Mattukat A, Freund N. Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor manipulation influences anxiety behavior and induces neuroinflammation within the hippocampus. Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33683478 PMCID: PMC7940461 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-020-00212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) mediates behavior related to anxiety, reward and memory, and is involved in inflammatory processes, all of which are affected in bipolar disorder. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is increased in patients with bipolar disorder in plasma samples, imaging studies and postmortem tissue and is an indicator for an inflammatory state. We could previously show that lentiviral overexpression of D1R in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male adult rats and its termination induces bipolar disorder-like behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate anxiety and the role of the immune system, specifically IL-6 positive neurons in this animal model. Due to its high density of inflammatory mediator receptors and therewith sensibility to immune activation, the hippocampus was investigated. Methods Expression of the gene for D1R in glutamatergic neurons within the mPFC of male, adult rats was manipulated through an inducible lentiviral vector. Animals over-expressing the gene (mania-like state), after termination of the expression (depressive-like) and their respective control groups were investigated. Anxiety behavior was studied in the elevated plus maze and marble burying test. Furthermore, IL-6-positive cells were counted within several subregions of the hippocampus. Results D1R manipulation in the mPFC had only mild effects on anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze. However, subjects after termination buried more marbles compared to D1R over-expressing animals and their respective control animals indicating elevated anxiety behavior. In addition, animals in the depressive-like state showed higher numbers of IL-6 positive cells reflecting an elevated pro-inflammatory state in the hippocampus, in the CA3 and dentate gyrus. Consistently, inflammatory state in the whole hippocampus and anxiety behavior correlated positively, indicating a connection between anxiety and inflammatory state of the hippocampus. Conclusions Behavioral and neurobiological findings support the association of manipulation of the D1R in the mPFC on anxiety and inflammation in the hippocampus. In addition, by confirming changes in the inflammatory state, the proposed animal model for bipolar disorder has been further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K E Beyer
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Mattukat
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
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Delva NC, Stanwood GD. Dysregulation of brain dopamine systems in major depressive disorder. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1084-1093. [PMID: 33593109 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221991830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD or depression) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric syndrome with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributions. Depression is one of the largest contributors to chronic disease burden; it affects more than one in six individuals in the United States. A wide array of cellular and molecular modifications distributed across a variety of neuronal processes and circuits underlie the pathophysiology of depression-no established mechanism can explain all aspects of the disease. MDD suffers from a vast treatment gap worldwide, and large numbers of individuals who require treatment do not receive adequate care. This mini-review focuses on dysregulation of brain dopamine (DA) systems in the pathophysiology of MDD and describing new cellular targets for potential medication development focused on DA-modulated micro-circuits. We also explore how neurodevelopmental factors may modify risk for later emergence of MDD, possibly through dopaminergic substrates in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella C Delva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Beyer DKE, Horn L, Klinker N, Freund N. Risky decision-making following prefrontal D1 receptor manipulation. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:432-443. [PMID: 34760299 PMCID: PMC8569284 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is involved in cognitive processes. Viral overexpression of this receptor in rats further increases the reward-related behaviors and even its termination induces anhedonia and helplessness. In this study, we investigated the risky decision-making during D1R overexpression and its termination. Rats conducted the rodent version of the Iowa gambling task daily. In addition, the methyl CpG–binding protein-2 (MeCP2), one regulator connecting the dopaminergic system, cognitive processes, and mood-related behavior, was investigated after completion of the behavioral tasks. D1R overexpressing subjects exhibited maladaptive risky decision-making and risky decisions returned to control levels following termination of D1R overexpression; however, after termination, animals earned less reward compared to control subjects. In this phase, MeCP2-positive cells were elevated in the right amygdala. Our results extend the previously reported behavioral changes in the D1R-manipulated animal model to increased risk-taking and revealed differential MeCP2 expression adding further evidence for a bipolar disorder-like phenotype of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K. E. Beyer
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lisa Horn
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Klinker
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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10
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Gonçalves MCB, Glaser T, Oliveira SLBD, Ulrich H. Adenosinergic-Dopaminergic Signaling in Mood Disorders: A Mini-Review. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2020.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Talita Glaser
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shuto T, Kuroiwa M, Sotogaku N, Kawahara Y, Oh YS, Jang JH, Shin CH, Ohnishi YN, Hanada Y, Miyakawa T, Kim Y, Greengard P, Nishi A. Obligatory roles of dopamine D1 receptors in the dentate gyrus in antidepressant actions of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1229-1244. [PMID: 30531938 PMCID: PMC7244404 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability. Current pharmacological treatment of depression is insufficient, and development of improved treatments especially for treatment-resistant depression is desired. Understanding the neurobiology of antidepressant actions may lead to development of improved therapeutic approaches. Here, we demonstrate that dopamine D1 receptors in the dentate gyrus act as a pivotal mediator of antidepressant actions in mice. Chronic administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, increases D1 receptor expression in mature granule cells in the dentate gyrus. The increased D1 receptor signaling, in turn, contributes to the actions of chronic fluoxetine treatment, such as suppression of acute stress-evoked serotonin release, stimulation of adult neurogenesis and behavioral improvement. Importantly, under severely stressed conditions, chronic administration of a D1 receptor agonist in conjunction with fluoxetine restores the efficacy of fluoxetine actions on D1 receptor expression and behavioral responses. Thus, our results suggest that stimulation of D1 receptors in the dentate gyrus is a potential adjunctive approach to improve therapeutic efficacy of SSRI antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Shuto
- 0000 0001 0706 0776grid.410781.bDepartment of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Mahomi Kuroiwa
- 0000 0001 0706 0776grid.410781.bDepartment of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Naoki Sotogaku
- 0000 0001 0706 0776grid.410781.bDepartment of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Yukie Kawahara
- 0000 0001 0706 0776grid.410781.bDepartment of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA ,0000 0004 0438 6721grid.417736.0Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- 0000 0004 0438 6721grid.417736.0Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Shin
- 0000 0004 0438 6721grid.417736.0Department of Brain-Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshinori N. Ohnishi
- 0000 0001 0706 0776grid.410781.bDepartment of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Yuuki Hanada
- 0000 0001 0706 0776grid.410781.bDepartment of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- 0000 0004 1761 798Xgrid.256115.4Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Yong Kim
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan. .,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Meda S, Freund N, Norman KJ, Thompson BS, Sonntag KC, Andersen SL. The use of laser capture microdissection to identify specific pathways and mechanisms involved in impulsive choice in rats. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02254. [PMID: 31485508 PMCID: PMC6716106 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microinjections, lesions, viral-mediated gene transfer, or designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) can identify brain signaling pathways and their pharmacology in research animals. Genetically modified animals are used for more precise assessment of neural circuits. However, only a few of the gene-based pathway modifications are available for use in outbred rat strains. New method Behaviorally characterized Sprague-Dawley rats undergo tract tracing through microinjection of fluorospheres, followed by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and qPCR for detecting mRNA of pathway-associated gene products. Correlations between mRNA expression and behavior identify specific involvement of pharmacologically relevant molecules within cells of interest. Here, we examined this methodology in an impulsive choice paradigm and targeted projections from the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. Results In this proof of concept study, we demonstrate relationships between measures of impulsive choice with distinct neurotransmitter receptor expression in cell populations from four different signaling pathways. Comparisons with existing methods Combining behavior, tract tracing, LCM, and gene expression profiling provides more cellular selectivity than localized lesions and DREADDs, and greater pharmacological specificity than microinjections and viral-mediated gene transfer due to targeting identified neurons. Furthermore, the assessment of inter-individual pathways provides insight into the complex nature of underlying mechanisms involved in typical and atypical behavior. Conclusions The novel combination of behavior, tract tracing, LCM, and single gene or potential whole genome transcriptome analysis allows for a more targeted understanding of the interconnection of neural circuitry with behavior, and holds promise to identify more specific drug targets that are relevant to behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirisha Meda
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Nadja Freund
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.,Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Ruhr-University, Germany
| | - Kevin J Norman
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Britta S Thompson
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Kai-C Sonntag
- Laboratory for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration, Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.,Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Susan L Andersen
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.,Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
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Hawken ER, Brietzke E, Soares CN. Intra-individual variability in animal models of bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2019; 7:9. [PMID: 30937561 PMCID: PMC6443730 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-019-0144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Hawken
- Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON, K7L7X3, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON, K7L7X3, Canada.
| | - Claudio N Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON, K7L7X3, Canada.,The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND), Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Andersen SL. Stress, sensitive periods, and substance abuse. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100140. [PMID: 30569003 PMCID: PMC6288983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the inter-relationship between drug abuse and social stress has primarily focused on the role of stress exposure during adulthood and more recently, adolescence. Adolescence is a time of heightened reward sensitivity, but it is also a time when earlier life experiences are expressed. Exposure to stress early in postnatal life is associated with an accelerated age of onset for drug use. Lifelong addiction is significantly greater if drug use is initiated during early adolescence. Understanding how developmental changes following stress exposure interact with sensitive periods to unfold over the course of maturation is integral to reducing their later impact on substance use. Arousal levels, gender/sex, inflammation, and the timing of stress exposure play a role in the vulnerability of these circuits. The current review focuses on how early postnatal stress impacts brain development during a sensitive period to increase externalizing and internalizing behaviors in adolescence that include social interactions (aggression; sexual activity), working memory impairment, and depression. How stress effects the developmental trajectories of brain circuits that are associated with addiction are discussed for both clinical and preclinical studies.
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Abstract
Characterized by the switch of manic and depressive phases, bipolar disorder was described as early as the fifth century BC. Nevertheless up to date, the underlying neurobiology is still largely unclear, assuming a multifactor genesis with both biological-genetic and psychosocial factors. Significant process has been achieved in recent years in researching the causes of bipolar disorder with modern molecular biological (e.g., genetic and epigenetic studies) and imaging techniques (e.g., positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)). In this chapter we will first summarize our recent knowledge on the etiology of bipolar disorder. We then discuss how several factors observed to contribute to bipolar disorder in human patients can be manipulated to generate rodent models for bipolar disorder. Finally, we will give an overview on behavioral test that can be used to assess bipolar-disorder-like behavior in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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16
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Scheggi S, Pelliccia T, Cuomo A, De Montis MG, Gambarana C. Antidepressant and pro-motivational effects of repeated lamotrigine treatment in a rat model of depressive symptoms. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00849. [PMID: 30338306 PMCID: PMC6190531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Limitations Conclusions
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17
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Beyer DKE, Freund N. Animal models for bipolar disorder: from bedside to the cage. Int J Bipolar Disord 2017; 5:35. [PMID: 29027157 PMCID: PMC5638767 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-017-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes. Patients suffering from this disorder experience dramatic mood swings with a wide variety of typical behavioral facets, affecting overall activity, energy, sexual behavior, sense of self, self-esteem, circadian rhythm, cognition, and increased risk for suicide. Effective treatment options are limited and diagnosis can be complicated. To overcome these obstacles, a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying bipolar disorder is needed. Animal models can be useful tools in understanding brain mechanisms associated with certain behavior. The following review discusses several pathological aspects of humans suffering from bipolar disorder and compares these findings with insights obtained from several animal models mimicking diverse facets of its symptomatology. Various sections of the review concentrate on specific topics that are relevant in human patients, namely circadian rhythms, neurotransmitters, focusing on the dopaminergic system, stressful environment, and the immune system. We then explain how these areas have been manipulated to create animal models for the disorder. Even though several approaches have been conducted, there is still a lack of adequate animal models for bipolar disorder. Specifically, most animal models mimic only mania or depression and only a few include the cyclical nature of the human condition. Future studies could therefore focus on modeling both episodes in the same animal model to also have the possibility to investigate the switch from mania-like behavior to depressive-like behavior and vice versa. The use of viral tools and a focus on circadian rhythms and the immune system might make the creation of such animal models possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K. E. Beyer
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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18
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Bai M, Zhu X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xue L, Wang Y, Zhong M, Zhang X. Divergent anomaly in mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuits might be associated with different depressive behaviors, an animal study. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00808. [PMID: 29075568 PMCID: PMC5651392 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, which originates from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projects primarily to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), olfactory tubercle (OT), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (ST), and the amygdala (AMy), plays a pivotal role in determining individual motivation and sensitivity to rewards, namely, anhedonia. Not all depressive individuals exhibited anhedonia, thus, it is natural to speculate that the heterogenous manifestations of depression might be related to the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. Maternal deprivation (MD) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUPS) are two well-established depressogenic stressors, and they were proven to induce different depressive phenotypes. METHODS The depressive and anxiety-like behaviors of MD and CUPS-treated rats were measured by classical behavioral tests including open field, forced swimming, and sucrose preference test. The expression of D1-5 dopamine receptors and DAT mRNA and protein in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system of rats exposed to MD and CUPS were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Severe anhedonia was observed in MD but not CUPS rats. Divergent expression of D1 and D2 receptors and DAT mRNA and protein in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system were found between MD and CUPS rats. Significant correlations between different depressive behaviors and D1-/D2-like receptors and DAT protein levels in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system were observed. CONCLUSION Different depressive behaviors of rats such as anhedonia, passive coping behavior, and declined exploratory interest might be related to divergent dopaminergic pathways. Anhedonia is associated with the dysfunction of VTA-NAc and VTA-OT dopaminergic pathways, the passive coping behavior is related to the dysregulation of VTA-PFC and VTA-AMy pathways, and individual exploratory interest is associated with abnormal activity of VTA-PFC and VTA-ST pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Bai
- Medical Psychological Institute Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China.,Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Institute Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China.,Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Li Zhang
- Medical Psychological Institute Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Institute Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Liang Xue
- Medical Psychological Institute Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Mingtian Zhong
- Medical Psychological Institute Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xiuwu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA
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19
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Early life stress and later peer distress on depressive behavior in adolescent female rats: Effects of a novel intervention on GABA and D2 receptors. Behav Brain Res 2017; 330:37-45. [PMID: 28499915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) increases the risk of depression during adolescence that may result from a decline in parvalbumin (PVB) secondary to increased neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated depressive-like behavior following exposure to two different types of stressors that are relevant for their developmental period: 1) chronic ELA (maternal separation; MS) and 2) an acute emotional stressor during adolescence (witnessing their peers receive multiple shocks; WIT), and their interaction. We also determined whether reducing inflammation by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition would prevent the onset of depressive-like behavior. Female Sprague-Dawley rat pups underwent MS for four-hours/day or received typical care (CON) between postnatal days (P) 2 and P20. A COX-2 inhibitor (COX-2I) or vehicle was administered every other day between P30 and P38. Subjects were tested for learned helplessness to assess depressive-like behavior at P40 (adolescence). MS females demonstrated increased escape latency and decreased PVB in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsal raphe that were attenuated by COX-2I intervention. Helplessness was also associated with an increase in D2 receptors in the accumbens. In contrast, WIT elevated escape latency in CON, but reduced latency in MS females. Furthermore, COX-2I intervention decreased escape latency in both CON and MS after WIT. WIT reduced PVB levels in the basolateral amygdala and increased PFC levels to CON levels. Our data suggest that decreased PVB in the PFC is important for the expression of depressive-like behavior and suggest that COX-2I intervention may provide a novel prevention for depression.
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20
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Kaller S, Rullmann M, Patt M, Becker GA, Luthardt J, Girbardt J, Meyer PM, Werner P, Barthel H, Bresch A, Fritz TH, Hesse S, Sabri O. Test-retest measurements of dopamine D 1-type receptors using simultaneous PET/MRI imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:1025-1032. [PMID: 28197685 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of dopamine D1-type receptor (D1R)-expressing neurons in the regulation of motivated behavior and reward prediction has not yet been fully established. As a prerequisite for future research assessing D1-mediated neuronal network regulation using simultaneous PET/MRI and D1R-selective [11C]SCH23390, this study investigated the stability of central D1R measurements between two independent PET/MRI sessions under baseline conditions. METHODS Thirteen healthy volunteers (7 female, age 33 ± 13 yrs) underwent 90-min emission scans, each after 90-s bolus injection of 486 ± 16 MBq [11C]SCH23390, on two separate days within 2-4 weeks using a PET/MRI system. Parametric images of D1R distribution volume ratio (DVR) and binding potential (BPND) were generated by a multi-linear reference tissue model with two parameters and the cerebellar cortex as receptor-free reference region. Volume-of-interest (VOI) analysis was performed with manual VOIs drawn on consecutive transverse MRI slices for brain regions with high and low D1R density. RESULTS The DVR varied from 2.5 ± 0.3 to 2.9 ± 0.5 in regions with high D1R density (e.g. the head of the caudate) and from 1.2 ± 0.1 to 1.6 ± 0.2 in regions with low D1R density (e.g. the prefrontal cortex). The absolute variability of the DVR ranged from 2.4% ± 1.3% to 5.1% ± 5.3%, while Bland-Altman analyses revealed very low differences in mean DVR (e.g. 0.013 ± 0.17 for the nucleus accumbens). Intraclass correlation (one-way, random) indicated very high agreement (0.93 in average) for both DVR and BPND values. Accordingly, the absolute variability of BPND ranged from 7.0% ± 4.7% to 12.5% ± 10.6%; however, there were regions with very low D1R content, such as the occipital cortex, with higher mean variability. CONCLUSION The test-retest reliability of D1R measurements in this study was very high. This was the case not only for D1R-rich brain areas, but also for regions with low D1R density. These results will provide a solid base for future joint PET/MRI data analyses in stimulation-dependent mapping of D1R-containing neurons and their effects on projections in neuronal circuits that determine behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kaller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg-Alexander Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Girbardt
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas H Fritz
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music (IPEM), University of Gent, Technicum Blok 2, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Jordan CJ, Andersen SL. Sensitive periods of substance abuse: Early risk for the transition to dependence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 25:29-44. [PMID: 27840157 PMCID: PMC5410194 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early substance use dramatically increases the risk of substance use disorder (SUD). Although many try drugs, only a small percentage transition to SUD. High reactivity of reward, habit, and stress systems increase risk. Identification of early risk enables targeted, preventative interventions for SUD. Prevention must start before the sensitive adolescent period to maximize resilience.
Early adolescent substance use dramatically increases the risk of lifelong substance use disorder (SUD). An adolescent sensitive period evolved to allow the development of risk-taking traits that aid in survival; today these may manifest as a vulnerability to drugs of abuse. Early substance use interferes with ongoing neurodevelopment to induce neurobiological changes that further augment SUD risk. Although many individuals use drugs recreationally, only a small percentage transition to SUD. Current theories on the etiology of addiction can lend insights into the risk factors that increase vulnerability from early recreational use to addiction. Building on the work of others, we suggest individual risk for SUD emerges from an immature PFC combined with hyper-reactivity of reward salience, habit, and stress systems. Early identification of risk factors is critical to reducing the occurrence of SUD. We suggest preventative interventions for SUD that can be either tailored to individual risk profiles and/or implemented broadly, prior to the sensitive adolescent period, to maximize resilience to developing substance dependence. Recommendations for future research include a focus on the juvenile and adolescent periods as well as on sex differences to better understand early risk and identify the most efficacious preventions for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
| | - Susan L Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
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22
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Kang S, Wu MM, Galvez R, Gulley JM. Timing of amphetamine exposure in relation to puberty onset determines its effects on anhedonia, exploratory behavior, and dopamine D 1 receptor expression in young adulthood. Neuroscience 2016; 339:72-84. [PMID: 27702645 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-medical use of amphetamine (AMPH) among adolescents is prevalent, which is problematic given the potential consequences of developmental drug exposure on brain function and behavior. Previously we found in adult male rats that AMPH exposure starting before puberty induces a persistent decrease in dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here we investigated if this dysfunction was associated with changes in D1R expression in the mPFC and nucleus accumbens (NAc). We also determined if starting drug exposure well before or near the onset of puberty would influence AMPH-induced changes in D1R expression and behavior. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated once every other day (10 injections total) with saline or 3mg/kg AMPH (i.p.) from either postnatal day (P) 27 to 45 (pre-puberty groups; Pre-P) or P37 to 55 (peri-puberty groups; Peri-P). After 1, 7 and 21days of withdrawal, sucrose preference tests were performed to assess anhedonia. Exploratory behavior was studied in an open-field arena and on an elevated plus maze (EPM). Rats were then sacrificed for Western blot analysis of D1R expression. We found that AMPH withdrawal induced decreases in sucrose preference that persisted in rats with Peri-P onset treatment. Pre-P onset AMPH exposure led to increased open-arm exploration in the EPM test, as well as a decreased D1R level in the mPFC but not NAc. Our results demonstrated that AMPH exposure starting at different developmental stages resulted in distinct neurobehavioral abnormalities, suggesting an important role of exposure timing in drug-induced plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Kang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Mariah M Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Galvez
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
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Commentary on the special issue on the adolescent brain: Adolescence, trajectories, and the importance of prevention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:329-333. [PMID: 27423540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence as highlighted in this special issue is a period of tremendous growth, synaptic exuberance, and plasticity, but also a period for the emergence of mental illness and addiction. This commentary aims to stimulate research on prevention science to reduce the impact of early life events that often manifest during adolescence. By promoting a better understanding of what creates a normal and abnormal trajectory, the reviews by van Duijvenvoorde et al., Kilford et al., Lichenstein et al., and Tottenham and Galvan in this special issue comprehensively describe how the adolescent brain develops under typical conditions and how this process can go awry in humans. Preclinical reviews also within this issue describe how adolescents have prolonged extinction periods to maximize learning about their environment (Baker et al.), whereas Schulz and Sisk focus on the importance of puberty and how it interacts with stress (Romeo). Caballero and Tseng then set the stage of describing the neural circuitry that is often central to these changes and psychopathology. Factors that affect the mis-wiring of the brain for illness, including prenatal exposure to anti-mitotic agents (Gomes et al.) and early life stress and inflammation (Schwarz and Brenhouse), are included as examples of how exposure to early adversity manifests. These reviews are synthesized and show how information from the maturational stages that precede or occur during adolescence is likely to hold the key towards optimizing development to produce an adolescent and adult that is resilient and well adapted to their environment.
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