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Zhang M, Gu X, Wu L, Wan N, Liu Y, Xin Z, Chen T, Liu S, Li M, Deng M, Wang Q. A new mechanistic insight into the association between environmental perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behavior. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:254-263. [PMID: 37952603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is one of the main residual environmental pollutants that threaten human health. PFOS exposure is positively correlated with the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Given that dopamine (DA) is a crucial target for PFOS and that its dysfunction is a key role in ADHD development, it is speculated that PFOS exposure contributes to the occurrence of ADHD to some extent by disrupting DA homeostasis. To establish the relationship between PFOS exposure, DA dysfunction, and ADHD-like behavior, adult zebrafish were exposed to PFOS for 21 days using PFOS concentrations in the serum of patients with ADHD as the reference exposure dose. Results showed that PFOS caused ADHD-like behaviors, with the presence of the slightly elevated percentage of time spent in movement and prolonged time spent in reaching the target zone in the T-maze. Hyperactivity and cognitive ability impairment were more severe with increasing PFOS concentrations. Further investigation showed that PFOS exposure resulted in a decrease in the DA content, accompanied by a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons and a disturbance in the transcription profiles of genes associated with the dopaminergic system. Treatment with Ritalin effectively alleviated PFOS-induced ADHD-like behavior and restored DA levels, number of dopaminergic neurons, and expression of DA metabolism-related genes, suggesting that PFOS exposure induced ADHD-like behavior by triggering DA secretion disorder. This study enriches our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ADHD development and emphasizes the importance of focusing on the health risks pertaining to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Xueyan Gu
- Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Liu Wu
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Nannan Wan
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Zaijun Xin
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
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Chen HY, Yang CY, Hsieh TH, Peng CW, Chuang LL, Chang YL, Chi HJ, Lee HM, Liang SHY. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on improving performance of delayed- reinforcement attentional set-shifting tasks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder rat model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114145. [PMID: 36206819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral flexibility (or set-shifting), which is regulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is often impaired in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by poor inhibitory control and reinforcement learning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a means of noninvasive brain stimulation and a potential therapeutic tool for modulating behavioral flexibility. Animal studies can pave the way to know if tDCS application can potentially benefit rule- and goal-based activities in ADHD. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and inbred Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as an animal model of ADHD and controls, respectively, and their strategy set-shifting abilities, including initial discrimination, set-shifting, and reversal learning tasks under 0-s or 15-s reinforcer delivery delay conditions, were evaluated. The tDCS treatment had a limited effect on the performance of the SHRs and WKY rats in initial discrimination task under 0-s delay condition. Under the 15-s delay condition, the SHRs had longer lever-press reaction times and/or more trial omissions than the WKY rats did when completing set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks. Among the SHRs, tDCS treatment improved the rats' reaction times and/or reduced their trial omissions in the set-shifting and reversal-learning tasks. Although tDCS may improve delayed reinforcement learning set-shifting performance in SHRs, further studies are required to clarify the responsible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy & Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Chuang
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Chang
- School and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ju Chi
- Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- Section of Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Obray JD, Small CA, Baldwin EK, Jang EY, Lee JG, Yang CH, Yorgason JT, Steffensen SC. Dopamine D2-Subtype Receptors Outside the Blood-Brain Barrier Mediate Enhancement of Mesolimbic Dopamine Release and Conditioned Place Preference by Intravenous Dopamine. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:944243. [PMID: 35903367 PMCID: PMC9314669 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.944243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a cell-signaling molecule that does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Despite this, peripherally administered DA enhances DA levels in the nucleus accumbens and alters DA-related behaviors. This study was designed to investigate whether DA subtype-2 receptors are involved in the enhancement of nucleus accumbens (NAc) DA levels elicited by intravenous DA administration. This was accomplished by using microdialysis in the NAc and extracellular single unit recordings of putative DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Additionally, the reinforcing properties of intravenous DA were investigated using a place conditioning paradigm and the effects of intravenous DA on ultrasonic vocalizations were assessed. Following administration of intravenous dopamine, the firing rate of putative DA neurons in the VTA displayed a biphasic response and DA levels in the nucleus accumbens were enhanced. Pretreatment with domperidone, a peripheral-only DA D2 receptor (D2R) antagonist, reduced intravenous DA mediated increases in VTA DA neuron activity and NAc DA levels. Pretreatment with phentolamine, a peripheral α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, did not alter the effects of IV DA on mesolimbic DA neurotransmission. These results provide evidence for peripheral D2R mediation of the effects of intravenous DA on mesolimbic DA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Daniel Obray
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Christina A. Small
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Emily K. Baldwin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Research Center for Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Gyeom Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jordan T. Yorgason
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Scott C. Steffensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Non-human contributions to personality neuroscience – from fish through primates. An introduction to the special issue. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 5:e11. [PMID: 36258777 PMCID: PMC9549393 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2022.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The most fundamental emotional systems that show trait control are evolutionarily old and extensively conserved. Psychology in general has benefited from non-human neuroscience and from the analytical simplicity of behaviour in those with simpler nervous systems. It has been argued that integration between personality, psychopathology, and neuroscience is particularly promising if we are to understand the neurobiology of human experience. Here, we provide some general arguments for a non-human approach being at least as productive in relation to personality, psychopathology, and their interface. Some early personality theories were directly linked to psychopathology (e.g., Eysenck, Panksepp, and Cloninger). They shared a common interest in brain systems that naturally led to the use of non-human data; behavioural, neural, and pharmacological. In Eysenck’s case, this also led to the selective breeding, at the Maudsley Institute, of emotionally reactive and non-reactive strains of rat as models of trait neuroticism or trait emotionality. Dimensional personality research and categorical approaches to clinical disorder then drifted apart from each other, from neuropsychology, and from non-human data. Recently, the conceptualizations of both healthy personality and psychopathology have moved towards a common hierarchical trait perspective. Indeed, the proposed two sets of trait dimensions appear similar and may even be eventually the same. We provide, here, an introduction to this special issue of Personality Neuroscience, where the authors provide overviews of detailed areas where non-human data inform human personality and its psychopathology or provide explicit models for translation to human neuroscience. Once all the papers in the issue have appeared, we will also provide a concluding summary of them.
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