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Armstrong MD, Vickers R, Coronell O. Trends and errors in reverse osmosis membrane performance calculations stemming from test pressure and simplifying assumptions about concentration polarization and solute rejection. J Memb Sci 2022; 660:120856. [PMID: 36186741 PMCID: PMC9521160 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A primary goal in the design of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is to improve water-solute selectivity and water permeance. These transport properties are commonly calculated in the literature using the solution-diffusion model with selectivity (A/B, bar-1) defined as the ratio between water permeance (A, L.m-2.h-1.bar-1) and solute permeance (B, L.m-2.h-1). In calculating transport properties, researchers often use simplifying assumptions about concentration polarization (CP; i.e., assuming negligible CP or a certain extent of CP) and solute rejection (i.e., assuming solute rejection is approximately 1 to enable the explicit use of the CP modulus in solute permeance calculations). Although using these assumptions to calculate transport properties is common practice, we could not find a study that evaluated the errors associated with using them. The uncertainty in these errors could impede unequivocally identifying manufacturing approaches that break through the commonly plotted trade-off frontier between selectivity and water permeance (A/B vs. A); however, we did not find in the literature a study that quantified such errors. Accordingly, we aimed to: (1) quantify the error in transport properties (A, B, and A/B) calculated using common simplifying assumptions about CP and rejection; and (2) determine if using simplifying assumptions affects conclusions drawn about membrane performance or trends concerning the trade-off frontier. Results show that compared with the case where no simplifying assumptions were made, simplified calculations were least accurate at low pressures for water permeance (up to 78% overestimation) and high pressures for solute permeance (up to 188% overestimation). Accordingly, the corresponding selectivities were least accurate at low pressure (up to 111% overestimation) and high pressure (up to 66% underestimation), and conclusions drawn about membrane performance and trade-off trends were pressure-dependent. Importantly, even in the absence of simplifying assumptions, selectivity results were pressure-dependent, indicating the importance of standardizing test conditions for the continued use of current performance metrics (i.e., A/B and A). We propose a two-pressure approach-collecting data for A and B at a high and a low pressure, respectively-combined with simplifying assumptions for more accurate simplified estimations of selectivity (< 10% absolute error). Our work contributes to a better understanding of the effects of operating pressure and key simplifying assumptions commonly used in calculating RO membrane performance metrics and interpretation of corresponding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla D. Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Riley Vickers
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Orlando Coronell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Armstrong MD, Vickers R, Coronell O. Dataset of reverse osmosis membrane transport properties calculated with and without assumptions about concentration polarization and solute rejection and the errors associated with each assumption. Data Brief 2022; 44:108538. [PMID: 36060824 PMCID: PMC9436753 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The data shared in this work represent aspects of the performance of reverse osmosis membranes during filtration. We present pressure, permeate flux, and solute rejection data gathered during cross-flow filtration experiments, which were used to (i) model water and solute permeation through the membranes and (ii) calculate concentration polarization moduli and a suite of transport properties, including water permeance, solute permeance, and water-solute selectivity. Membrane transport properties were calculated with the different approaches commonly used to simplify transport property calculations. Typical calculations of these transport properties often use simplifying assumptions (e.g., negligible concentration polarization and solute rejection close to 100%). However, the extent of the errors associated with using simplifying assumptions in this context were not previously known or quantified. This publication and corresponding dataset pertain to figures presented in the accompanying work (Armstrong et al., 2022) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla D. Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Riley Vickers
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Orlando Coronell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Jacobson TA, Kler JS, Bae Y, Chen J, Ladror DT, Iyer R, Nunes DA, Montgomery ND, Pleil JD, Funk WE. A state-of-the-science review and guide for measuring environmental exposure biomarkers in dried blood spots. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022:10.1038/s41370-022-00460-7. [PMID: 35963945 PMCID: PMC9375076 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a simple, cost-effective, and minimally invasive alternative to venipuncture for measuring exposure biomarkers in public health and epidemiological research. DBS sampling provides advantages in field-based studies conducted in low-resource settings and in studies involving infants and children. In addition, DBS samples are routinely collected from newborns after birth (i.e., newborn dried blood spots, NDBS), with many states in the United States permitting access to archived NDBS samples for research purposes. OBJECTIVES We review the state of the science for analyzing exposure biomarkers in DBS samples, both archived and newly collected, and provide guidance on sample collection, storage, and blood volume requirements associated with individual DBS assays. We discuss recent progress regarding analytical methods, analytical sensitivity, and specificity, sample volume requirements, contamination considerations, estimating extracted blood volumes, assessing stability and analyte recovery, and hematocrit effects. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL (EBSCO) was conducted in March 2022. DBS method development and application studies were divided into three main chemical classes: environmental tobacco smoke, trace elements (including lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic), and industrial chemicals (including endocrine-disrupting chemicals and persistent organic pollutants). DBS method development and validation studies were scored on key quality-control and performance parameters by two members of the review team. RESULTS Our search identified 47 published reports related to measuring environmental exposure biomarkers in human DBS samples. A total of 28 reports (37 total studies) were on methods development and validation and 19 reports were primarily the application of previously developed DBS assays. High-performing DBS methods have been developed, validated, and applied for detecting environmental exposures to tobacco smoke, trace elements, and several important endocrine-disrupting chemicals and persistent organic pollutants. Additional work is needed for measuring cadmium, arsenic, inorganic mercury, and bisphenol A in DBS and NDBS samples. SIGNIFICANCE We present an inventory and critical review of available assays for measuring environmental exposure biomarkers in DBS and NDBS samples to help facilitate this sampling medium as an emerging tool for public health (e.g., screening programs, temporal biomonitoring) and environmental epidemiology (e.g., field-based studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Jacobson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasdeep S Kler
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yeunook Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiexi Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel T Ladror
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denise A Nunes
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan D Montgomery
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William E Funk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Smith DM, Christensen C, van Bemmel D, Borek N, Ambrose B, Erives G, Niaura R, Edwards KC, Stanton CA, Blount BC, Wang L, Feng J, Jarrett JM, Ward CD, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS, Kimmel HL, Travers M, Hyland A, Goniewicz ML. Exposure to Nicotine and Toxicants Among Dual Users of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2014. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:790-797. [PMID: 33590857 PMCID: PMC8095240 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concurrent use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes ("dual use") is common among tobacco users. Little is known about differences in demographics and toxicant exposure among subsets of dual users. AIMS AND METHODS We analyzed data from adult dual users (current every/some day users of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes, n = 792) included in the PATH Study Wave 1 (2013-2014) and provided urine samples. Samples were analyzed for biomarkers of exposure to nicotine and selected toxicants (tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK [NNAL], lead, cadmium, naphthalene [2-naphthol], pyrene [1-hydroxypyrene], acrylonitrile [CYMA], acrolein [CEMA], and acrylamide [AAMA]). Subsets of dual users were compared on demographic, behavioral, and biomarker measures to exclusive cigarette smokers (n = 2411) and exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 247). RESULTS Most dual users were predominant cigarette smokers (70%), followed by daily dual users (13%), non-daily concurrent dual users (10%), and predominant vapers (7%). Dual users who smoked daily showed significantly higher biomarker concentrations compared with those who did not smoke daily. Patterns of e-cigarette use had little effect on toxicant exposure. Dual users with high toxicant exposure were generally older, female, and smoked more cigarettes per day. Dual users who had low levels of biomarkers of exposure were generally younger, male, and smoked non-daily. CONCLUSIONS In 2013-2014, most dual users smoked cigarettes daily and used e-cigarettes occasionally. Cigarette smoking appears to be the primary driver of toxicant exposure among dual users, with little-to-no effect of e-cigarette use on biomarker levels. Results reinforce the need for dual users to stop smoking tobacco cigarettes to reduce toxicant exposure. IMPLICATIONS With considerable dual use of tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes in the United States, it is important to understand differences in toxicant exposure among subsets of dual users, and how these differences align with user demographics. Findings suggest most dual users smoke daily and use e-cigarettes intermittently. Low exposure to toxicants was most common among younger users, males, and intermittent smokers; high exposure to toxicants was most common among older users, females, and heavier cigarette smokers. Results underscore the heterogeneity occurring within dual users, and the need to quit smoking cigarettes completely in order to reduce toxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Smith
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Carol Christensen
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dana van Bemmel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bridget Ambrose
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gladys Erives
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Raymond Niaura
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn C Edwards
- Behavioral Health & Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffery M Jarrett
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia D Ward
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy Hatsukami
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Jones DR, Jarrett JM, Stukes D, Baer A, McMichael M, Wallon K, Xiao G, Jones RL. Development and validation of a biomonitoring method to measure As, Cr, and Ni in human urine samples by ICP-UCT-MS. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113713. [PMID: 33621861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method using Universal Cell Technology (UCT) with a PerkinElmer NexION ICP-MS, to measure arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) in human urine samples. The advancements of the UCT allowed us to expand the calibration range to make the method applicable for both low concentrations of biomonitoring applications and high concentrations that may be observed from acute exposures and emergency response. Our method analyzes As and Ni in kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode with helium (He) gas, and Cr in dynamic reaction cell (DRC) mode with ammonia (NH3) gas. The combination of these elements is challenging because a carbon source, ethanol (EtOH), is required for normalization of As ionization in urine samples, which creates a spectral overlap (40Ar12C+) on 52Cr. This method additionally improved lab efficiency by combining elements from two of our previously published methods(Jarrett et al., 2007; Quarles et al., 2014) allowing us to measure Cr and Ni concentrations in urine samples collected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) beginning with the 2017-2018 survey cycle. We present our rigorous validation of the method selectivity and accuracy using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRM), precision using in-house prepared quality control materials, and a discussion of the use of a modified UCT, a BioUCell, to address an ion transmission phenomenon we observed on the NexION 300 platform when using higher elemental concentrations and high cell gas pressures. The rugged method detection limits, calculated from measurements in more than 60 runs, for As, Cr, and Ni are 0.23 μg L-1, 0.19 μg L-1, and 0.31 μg L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna R Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Jeffery M Jarrett
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Danielle Stukes
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Rd, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Adam Baer
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Rd, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Megan McMichael
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 2987 Clairmont Rd, Suite 450, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Kristen Wallon
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Ge Xiao
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Robert L Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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Understanding the Relationship between Environmental Arsenic and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness among African-American and European-American Men in North Carolina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228364. [PMID: 33198142 PMCID: PMC7697081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-level exposure to arsenic, a known carcinogen and endocrine disruptor, is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) mortality. Whether low-level exposure is associated with PCa aggressiveness remains unknown. We examined the association between urinary arsenic and PCa aggressiveness among men in North Carolina. This cross-sectional study included 463 African-American and 491 European-American men with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. PCa aggressiveness was defined as low aggressive (Gleason score < 7, stage = cT1–cT2, and PSA < 10 ng/mL) versus intermediate/high aggressive (all other cases). Total arsenic and arsenical species (inorganic arsenic (iAsIII + iAsV), arsenobetaine, monomethyl arsenic, and dimethyl arsenic)) and specific gravity were measured in spot urine samples obtained an average of 23.7 weeks after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PCa aggressiveness in association with arsenic tertiles/quantiles overall and by race. The highest (vs. lowest) tertile of total arsenic was associated with PCa aggressiveness ORs of 1.77 (95% CI = 1.05–2.98) among European-American men, and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.57–1.56) among African-American men (PInteraction = 0.04). In contrast, total arsenic and arsenical species were not associated with PCa aggressiveness in unstratified models. Low-level arsenic exposure may be associated with PCa aggressiveness among European-Americans, but not among African-Americans.
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Travers MJ, Rivard C, Sharma E, Retzky S, Yucesoy B, Goniewicz ML, Stanton CA, Chen J, Callahan-Lyon P, Kimmel HL, Xia B, Wang Y, Sosnoff CS, De Jesús VR, Blount BC, Hecht SS, Hyland A. Biomarkers of Exposure among USA Adult Hookah Users: Results from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013-2014). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6403. [PMID: 32887496 PMCID: PMC7504577 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hookah smoking has become common in the USA, especially among young adults. This study measured biomarkers of exposure to known tobacco product toxicants in a population-based sample of exclusive, established hookah users. Urinary biomarker data from 1753 adults in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were used to compare geometric mean concentrations of biomarkers of exposure in exclusive, established past 30-day hookah users to never users of tobacco. Geometric mean ratios were calculated comparing hookah user groups with never users adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, past 30-day marijuana use, secondhand smoke exposure and creatinine. Past 30-day hookah users (n = 98) had 10.6 times the urinary cotinine level of never tobacco users. Compared to never tobacco users, past 30-day hookah users had 2.3 times the level of the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 1.3 times higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 3-hydroxyfluorene and 1-hydroxypyrene, 1.8 times higher levels of acrylonitrile, 1.3 times higher levels of acrylamide, and 1.2 times higher levels of acrolein exposure. These data indicate that hookah use is a significant source of exposure to nicotine, carcinogens, and respiratory toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (M.J.T.); (M.L.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Cheryl Rivard
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (M.J.T.); (M.L.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Eva Sharma
- Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (E.S.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Sandra Retzky
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Calverton, MD 20705, USA; (S.R.); (B.Y.); (J.C.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Berran Yucesoy
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Calverton, MD 20705, USA; (S.R.); (B.Y.); (J.C.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Maciej L. Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (M.J.T.); (M.L.G.); (A.H.)
| | | | - Jiping Chen
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Calverton, MD 20705, USA; (S.R.); (B.Y.); (J.C.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Priscilla Callahan-Lyon
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Calverton, MD 20705, USA; (S.R.); (B.Y.); (J.C.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Heather L. Kimmel
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Baoyun Xia
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (B.X.); (Y.W.); (C.S.S.); (V.R.D.J.); (B.C.B.)
| | - Yuesong Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (B.X.); (Y.W.); (C.S.S.); (V.R.D.J.); (B.C.B.)
| | - Connie S. Sosnoff
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (B.X.); (Y.W.); (C.S.S.); (V.R.D.J.); (B.C.B.)
| | - Víctor R. De Jesús
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (B.X.); (Y.W.); (C.S.S.); (V.R.D.J.); (B.C.B.)
| | - Benjamin C. Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (B.X.); (Y.W.); (C.S.S.); (V.R.D.J.); (B.C.B.)
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (M.J.T.); (M.L.G.); (A.H.)
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8
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Urinary Metals Concentrations and Biomarkers of Autoimmunity among Navajo and Nicaraguan Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155263. [PMID: 32707746 PMCID: PMC7432079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metals are suspected contributors of autoimmune disease among indigenous Americans. However, the association between metals exposure and biomarkers of autoimmunity is under-studied. In Nicaragua, environmental exposure to metals is also largely unexamined with regard to autoimmunity. We analyzed pooled and stratified exposure and outcome data from Navajo (n = 68) and Nicaraguan (n = 47) men of similar age and health status in order to characterize urinary concentrations of metals, compare concentrations with the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) male population, and examine the associations with biomarkers of autoimmunity. Urine samples were analyzed for metals via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Serum samples were examined for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) at 1:160 and 1:40 dilutions, using an indirect immunofluorescence assay and for specific autoantibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations of urinary metals with autoimmune biomarkers, adjusted for group (Navajo or Nicaraguan), age, and seafood consumption. The Nicaraguan men had higher urinary metal concentrations compared with both NHANES and the Navajo for most metals; however, tin was highest among the Navajo, and uranium was much higher in both populations compared with NHANES. Upper tertile associations with ANA positivity at the 1:160 dilution were observed for barium, cesium, lead, strontium and tungsten.
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Wilkin RT, Ford RG, Costantino LM, Ross RR, Beak DG, Scheckel KG, Ho P. Response to Comment on "Thioarsenite Detection and Implications for Arsenic Transport in Groundwater". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7732-7733. [PMID: 32479066 PMCID: PMC7932189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Wilkin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for
Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Groundwater Characterization and
Remediation Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
| | - Robert G. Ford
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for
Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology
Division, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United
States
| | - Lisa M. Costantino
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for
Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Groundwater Characterization and
Remediation Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
| | - Randall R. Ross
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for
Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Groundwater Characterization and
Remediation Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
| | - Douglas G. Beak
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for
Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Groundwater Characterization and
Remediation Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for
Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology
Division, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United
States
| | - Peng Ho
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for
Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Groundwater Characterization and
Remediation Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
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Buckley JP, Barrett ES, Beamer PI, Bennett DH, Bloom MS, Fennell TR, Fry RC, Funk WE, Hamra GB, Hecht SS, Kannan K, Iyer R, Karagas MR, Lyall K, Parsons PJ, Pellizzari ED, Signes-Pastor AJ, Starling AP, Wang A, Watkins DJ, Zhang M, Woodruff TJ. Opportunities for evaluating chemical exposures and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:397-419. [PMID: 32066883 PMCID: PMC7183426 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program will evaluate environmental factors affecting children's health (perinatal, neurodevelopmental, obesity, respiratory, and positive health outcomes) by pooling cohorts composed of >50,000 children in the largest US study of its kind. Our objective was to identify opportunities for studying chemicals and child health using existing or future ECHO chemical exposure data. We described chemical-related information collected by ECHO cohorts and reviewed ECHO-relevant literature on exposure routes, sources, and environmental and human monitoring. Fifty-six ECHO cohorts have existing or planned chemical biomonitoring data for mothers or children. Environmental phenols/parabens, phthalates, metals/metalloids, and tobacco biomarkers are each being measured by ≥15 cohorts, predominantly during pregnancy and childhood, indicating ample opportunities to study child health outcomes. Cohorts are collecting questionnaire data on multiple exposure sources and conducting environmental monitoring including air, dust, and water sample collection that could be used for exposure assessment studies. To supplement existing chemical data, we recommend biomonitoring of emerging chemicals, nontargeted analysis to identify novel chemicals, and expanded measurement of chemicals in alternative biological matrices and dust samples. ECHO's rich data and samples represent an unprecedented opportunity to accelerate environmental chemical research to improve the health of US children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Paloma I Beamer
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William E Funk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ghassan B Hamra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Edo D Pellizzari
- Fellows Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aolin Wang
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Watson CV, Lewin M, Ragin-Wilson A, Jones R, Jarrett JM, Wallon K, Ward C, Hilliard N, Irvin-Barnwell E. Characterization of trace elements exposure in pregnant women in the United States, NHANES 1999-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109208. [PMID: 32058143 PMCID: PMC8243358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study is to report on urine, blood and serum metal concentrations to characterize exposures to trace elements and micronutrient levels in both pregnant women and women of child-bearing age in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) years 1999-2016. METHODS Urine and blood samples taken from NHANES participants were analyzed for thirteen urine metals, three blood metals, three serum metals, speciated mercury in blood and speciated arsenic in urine. Adjusted and unadjusted least squares geometric means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all participants among women aged 15-44 years. Changes in exposure levels over time were also examined. Serum cotinine levels were used to adjust for smoke exposure, as smoking is a source of metal exposure. RESULTS Detection rates for four urine metals from the ATSDR Substance Priority List: arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium were ~83-99% for both pregnant and non-pregnant women of child bearing age. A majority of metal concentrations were higher in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. Pregnant women had higher mean urine total arsenic, urine mercury, and urine lead; however, blood lead and mercury were higher in non-pregnant women. Blood lead, cadmium, mercury, as well as urine antimony, cadmium and lead in women of childbearing age decreased over time, while urine cobalt increased over time. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women in the US have been exposed to several trace metals, with observed concentrations for some trace elements decreasing since 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vaughan Watson
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael Lewin
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angela Ragin-Wilson
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert Jones
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffery M Jarrett
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen Wallon
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia Ward
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nolan Hilliard
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Irvin-Barnwell
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Cheng YC, Reyes-Guzman CM, Christensen CH, Rostron BL, Edwards KC, Wang L, Feng J, Jarrett JM, Ward CD, Xia B, Kimmel HL, Conway K, Leggett C, Taylor K, Lawrence C, Niaura R, Travers MJ, Hyland A, Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK, Goniewicz ML, Borek N, Blount BC, van Bemmel DM. Biomarkers of Exposure among Adult Smokeless Tobacco Users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1, 2013-2014). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:659-667. [PMID: 31988072 PMCID: PMC7079166 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring population-level toxicant exposures from smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is important for assessing population health risks due to product use. In this study, we assessed tobacco biomarkers of exposure (BOE) among SLT users from the Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. METHODS Urinary biospecimens were collected from adults ages 18 and older. Biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), metals, and inorganic arsenic were analyzed and reported among exclusive current established SLT users in comparison with exclusive current established cigarette smokers, dual SLT and cigarette users, and never tobacco users. RESULTS In general, SLT users (n = 448) have significantly higher concentrations of BOE to nicotine, TSNAs, and PAHs compared with never tobacco users; significant dose-response relationships between frequency of SLT use and biomarker concentrations were also reported among exclusive SLT daily users. Exclusive SLT daily users have higher geometric mean concentrations of total nicotine equivalent-2 (TNE2) and TSNAs than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were substantially lower among exclusive SLT daily users than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our study produced a comprehensive assessment of SLT product use and 52 biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Compared with cigarette smokers, SLT users experience greater concentrations of some tobacco toxicants, including nicotine and TSNAs. IMPACT Our data add information on the risk assessment of exposure to SLT-related toxicants. High levels of harmful constituents in SLT remain a health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Cheng
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland.
| | - Carolyn M Reyes-Guzman
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carol H Christensen
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Brian L Rostron
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland
| | | | - Lanqing Wang
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jun Feng
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Cynthia D Ward
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Baoyun Xia
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kevin Conway
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Carmine Leggett
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland
| | | | | | - Ray Niaura
- New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Stephen S Hecht
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Nicolette Borek
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland
| | | | - Dana M van Bemmel
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland
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13
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Wilkin RT, Ford RG, Costantino LM, Ross RR, Beak DG, Scheckel KG. Thioarsenite Detection and Implications for Arsenic Transport in Groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11684-11693. [PMID: 31525045 PMCID: PMC6824421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity and mobility in groundwater depend on its aqueous speciation. Uncertainty about the methods used for measuring arsenic speciation in sulfate-reducing environments hampers transport and fate analyses and the development of in situ remediation approaches for treating impacted aquifers. New anion-exchange chromatography methods linked to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are presented that allow for sample/eluent pH matching. Sample/eluent pH matching is advantageous to prevent thioarsenic species transformation during chromatographic separation because species protonation states remain unaffected, hydroxyl-for-bisulfide ligand substitution is avoided, and oxidation of reduced arsenic species is minimized. We characterized model and natural solutions containing mixtures of arsenic oxyanions with dissolved sulfide and solutions derived from the dissolution of thioarsenite and thioarsenate solids. In sulfidic solutions containing arsenite, two thioarsenic species with S/As ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 were important over the pH range from 5.5 to 8.5. The 3:1 thioarsenic species dominated when disordered As2S3 dissolved into sulfide-containing solution at pH 5.4. Together with the preferential formation of arsenite following sample dilution, these data provide evidence for the formation and detection of thioarsenite species. This study helps resolve inconsistencies between spectroscopic and chromatographic evidence regarding the nature of arsenic in sulfidic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Wilkin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
| | - Robert G. Ford
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land and Materials Management Division, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Lisa M. Costantino
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
| | - Randall R. Ross
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
| | - Douglas G. Beak
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, United States
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land and Materials Management Division, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
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14
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Kazui Y, Ohta H, Watanabe D, Igawa T, Kasamatsu M, Suzuki Y, Seto Y. Rapid and robust speciation/quantitative analysis of arsenous acid and related metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Goniewicz ML, Smith DM, Edwards KC, Blount BC, Caldwell KL, Feng J, Wang L, Christensen C, Ambrose B, Borek N, van Bemmel D, Konkel K, Erives G, Stanton CA, Lambert E, Kimmel HL, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS, Niaura RS, Travers M, Lawrence C, Hyland AJ. Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e185937. [PMID: 30646298 PMCID: PMC6324349 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing. Measures of exposure to known tobacco-related toxicants among e-cigarette users will inform potential health risks to individual product users. OBJECTIVES To estimate concentrations of tobacco-related toxicants among e-cigarette users and compare these biomarker concentrations with those observed in combustible cigarette users, dual users, and never tobacco users. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A population-based, longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the United States in 2013-2014. Cross-sectional analysis was performed between November 4, 2016, and October 5, 2017, of biomarkers of exposure to tobacco-related toxicants collected by the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Participants included adults who provided a urine sample and data on tobacco use (N = 5105). EXPOSURES The primary exposure was tobacco use, including current exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 247), current exclusive cigarette smokers (n = 2411), and users of both products (dual users) (n = 792) compared with never tobacco users (n = 1655). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Geometric mean concentrations of 50 individual biomarkers from 5 major classes of tobacco product constituents were measured: nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). RESULTS Of the 5105 participants, most were aged 35 to 54 years (weighted percentage, 38%; 95% CI, 35%-40%), women (60%; 95% CI, 59%-62%), and non-Hispanic white (61%; 95% CI, 58%-64%). Compared with exclusive e-cigarette users, never users had 19% to 81% significantly lower concentrations of biomarkers of exposure to nicotine, TSNAs, some metals (eg, cadmium and lead), and some VOCs (including acrylonitrile). Exclusive e-cigarette users showed 10% to 98% significantly lower concentrations of biomarkers of exposure, including TSNAs, PAHs, most VOCs, and nicotine, compared with exclusive cigarette smokers; concentrations were comparable for metals and 3 VOCs. Exclusive cigarette users showed 10% to 36% lower concentrations of several biomarkers than dual users. Frequency of cigarette use among dual users was positively correlated with nicotine and toxicant exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Exclusive use of e-cigarettes appears to result in measurable exposure to known tobacco-related toxicants, generally at lower levels than cigarette smoking. Toxicant exposure is greatest among dual users, and frequency of combustible cigarette use is positively correlated with tobacco toxicant concentration. These findings provide evidence that using combusted tobacco cigarettes alone or in combination with e-cigarettes is associated with higher concentrations of potentially harmful tobacco constituents in comparison with using e-cigarettes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej L. Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Danielle M. Smith
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Benjamin C. Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen L. Caldwell
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jun Feng
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carol Christensen
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Bridget Ambrose
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Dana van Bemmel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Karen Konkel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Gladys Erives
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raymond S. Niaura
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC
| | - Mark Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Andrew J. Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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Biomethylation metabolism study of arsenite in SCC-7 cells by reversed phase ion pair high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 188:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schecter A, Kincaid J, Quynh HT, Lanceta J, Tran HTT, Crandall R, Shropshire W, Birnbaum LS. Biomonitoring of Metals, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Persistent Pesticides in Vietnamese Female Electronic Waste Recyclers. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:191-197. [PMID: 29099469 PMCID: PMC6108319 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic waste is increasing. It is frequently recycled in developing countries. This is the first study to report metals, polybrominated diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), and p,p'-DDE concentrations in female e-waste workers. METHODS Female Vietnamese recyclers and non-recyclers were studied. Metals and halogenated organics were measured in blood and urine, and compared with levels in women in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). RESULTS Recyclers had higher serum PBDE than nonrecyclers. PCB-138/158 and PCB-153 were higher in 18 to less than 38-year-old nonrecyclers. Median urinary arsenic in both cohorts was six to seven-fold higher than NHANES. Median lead in blood and urine was 40% to 60% higher in recyclers than nonrecyclers. Lead in nonrecyclers was four to six-fold higher than NHANES. Both cohorts had higher arsenic and mercury than NHANES. CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to PBDEs and lead occurred in recyclers. Environmental exposure to arsenic, lead, and mercury occurred in both cohorts. Occupational and environmental remediation are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Schecter
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Schecter, Mr Crandall); Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Kincaid); Centre for Ecologically Sustainable Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam (Dr Quynh); University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Lanceta); Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam (Dr Tran); University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas (Mr Shropshire); and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Dr Birnbaum)
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18
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Nguyen MH, Pham TD, Nguyen TL, Vu HA, Ta TT, Tu MB, Nguyen THY, Chu DB. Speciation Analysis of Arsenic Compounds by HPLC-ICP-MS: Application for Human Serum and Urine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:9462019. [PMID: 30538885 PMCID: PMC6258103 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9462019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an elemental specific detector was used for the speciation analysis of arsenic compounds in urine and serum samples from Vietnam. Five arsenic species including arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and arsenobetaine (AsB) were studied. A gradient elution of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA), and methanol at pH 9.0 utilizing Hamilton PRP-X100 strong anion-exchange column allowed the chromatographic separation of five arsenic species. In this study, urine and serum samples were prepared by dilution in solvent and protein precipitation by trichloroacetic acid, respectively. The extraction efficiency was greater than 91% for urine matrix, and recoveries from spiked samples were in the range of 94-139% for the arsenic species in human serum. The method limit of detection (MDL) and limit of quantification (MQL), which were calculated by signal to noise ratio, were found to be 0.3-1.5 and 1.0-5.0 ng·mL-1, respectively. The concentration of arsenic species in 17 pairs of urine and serum samples from Vietnam was also quantified and evaluated. The major species of arsenic in the urine and serum samples were AsB and DMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Ha Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tien Duc Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lien Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Anh Vu
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thao Ta
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Yen Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Binh Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Kumkrong P, Thiensong B, Le PM, McRae G, Windust A, Deawtong S, Meija J, Maxwell P, Yang L, Mester Z. Species specific isotope dilution for the accurate and SI traceable determination of arsenobetaine and methylmercury in cuttlefish and prawn. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 943:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Smith AE, Lincoln RA, Paulu C, Simones TL, Caldwell KL, Jones RL, Backer LC. Assessing arsenic exposure in households using bottled water or point-of-use treatment systems to mitigate well water contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:701-10. [PMID: 26674699 PMCID: PMC4747806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There is little published literature on the efficacy of strategies to reduce exposure to residential well water arsenic. The objectives of our study were to: 1) determine if water arsenic remained a significant exposure source in households using bottled water or point-of-use treatment systems; and 2) evaluate the major sources and routes of any remaining arsenic exposure. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 167 households in Maine using one of these two strategies to prevent exposure to arsenic. Most households included one adult and at least one child. Untreated well water arsenic concentrations ranged from <10 μg/L to 640 μg/L. Urine samples, water samples, daily diet and bathing diaries, and household dietary and water use habit surveys were collected. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the relationship between urinary arsenic and untreated well water arsenic concentration, while accounting for documented consumption of untreated water and dietary sources. If mitigation strategies were fully effective, there should be no relationship between urinary arsenic and well water arsenic. To the contrary, we found that untreated arsenic water concentration remained a significant (p ≤ 0.001) predictor of urinary arsenic levels. When untreated water arsenic concentrations were <40 μg/L, untreated water arsenic was no longer a significant predictor of urinary arsenic. Time spent bathing (alone or in combination with water arsenic concentration) was not associated with urinary arsenic. A predictive analysis of the average study participant suggested that when untreated water arsenic ranged from 100 to 500 μg/L, elimination of any untreated water use would result in an 8%-32% reduction in urinary arsenic for young children, and a 14%-59% reduction for adults. These results demonstrate the importance of complying with a point-of-use or bottled water exposure reduction strategy. However, there remained unexplained, water-related routes of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Smith
- Maine Department of Health and Human Services, Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 286 Water Street, Augusta, ME 04333, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Lincoln
- Maine Department of Health and Human Services, Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 286 Water Street, Augusta, ME 04333, USA
| | - Chris Paulu
- Maine Department of Health and Human Services, Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 286 Water Street, Augusta, ME 04333, USA; University of Southern Maine, Muskie School of Public Service, PO Box 9300, Portland, ME 04104-9300, USA
| | - Thomas L Simones
- Maine Department of Health and Human Services, Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 286 Water Street, Augusta, ME 04333, USA
| | - Kathleen L Caldwell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-18, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA
| | - Robert L Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-18, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA
| | - Lorraine C Backer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Health Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-60, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA
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Jackson B. Fast ion chromatography-ICP-QQQ for arsenic speciation. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 2015; 30:1405-1407. [PMID: 26366032 PMCID: PMC4565601 DOI: 10.1039/c5ja00049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two methods for the fast separation of arsenic species are presented. The general approach is to modify existing methodology utilizing carbonate eluents for a small particle size, short column length Hamilton PRPX100 column which is interfaced with the Agilent 8800 ICP-QQQ using oxygen as reaction gas and detection of AsO at m/z 91. Using H2O2 in the extractant to oxidize As(III) to As(V) it is possible to separate arsenobetaine from DMA, MMA and As(V) in 1.5 minutes. Such a method may be useful where a measure of total inorganic As is sufficient, for example for regulatory compliance in food or beverage testing. It is possible to separate six As species. i.e the four above and arsenocholine and As(III) in 4.5 minutes using a gradient separation. Such a method could be useful analysis of urinary arsenic species. Coupling with high sensitivity of ICP-QQQ yields equivalent or better detection limits than conventional methods with run times up to 5 times faster, which is a significant benefit for sample throughput and method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jackson
- Trace Element Analysis Core, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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22
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deCastro BR, Caldwell KL, Jones RL, Blount BC, Pan Y, Ward C, Mortensen ME. Dietary sources of methylated arsenic species in urine of the United States population, NHANES 2003-2010. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108098. [PMID: 25251890 PMCID: PMC4176478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is an ubiquitous element linked to carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, as well as adverse respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and dermal health effects. OBJECTIVE Identify dietary sources of speciated arsenic: monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). METHODS Age-stratified, sample-weighted regression of NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2003-2010 data (∼8,300 participants ≥6 years old) characterized the association between urinary arsenic species and the additional mass consumed of USDA-standardized food groups (24-hour dietary recall data), controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS For all arsenic species, the rank-order of age strata for median urinary molar concentration was children 6-11 years > adults 20-84 years > adolescents 12-19 years, and for all age strata, the rank-order was DMA > MMA. Median urinary molar concentrations of methylated arsenic species ranged from 0.56 to 3.52 µmol/mol creatinine. Statistically significant increases in urinary arsenic species were associated with increased consumption of: fish (DMA); fruits (DMA, MMA); grain products (DMA, MMA); legumes, nuts, seeds (DMA); meat, poultry (DMA); rice (DMA, MMA); rice cakes/crackers (DMA, MMA); and sugars, sweets, beverages (MMA). And, for adults, rice beverage/milk (DMA, MMA). In addition, based on US (United States) median and 90th percentile consumption rates of each food group, exposure from the following food groups was highlighted: fish; fruits; grain products; legumes, nuts, seeds; meat, poultry; and sugars, sweets, beverages. CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative sample of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population, fish (adults), rice (children), and rice cakes/crackers (adolescents) had the largest associations with urinary DMA. For MMA, rice beverage/milk (adults) and rice cakes/crackers (children, adolescents) had the largest associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Rey deCastro
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L. Caldwell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Blount
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yi Pan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Ward
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Mortensen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Lee WY, Yim YH, Hwang E, Lim Y, Kim TK, Lee KS. Development of Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS Method for Accurate Determination of Arsenobetaine in Oyster Certified Reference Material. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.3.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Komorowicz I, Barałkiewicz D. Arsenic speciation in water by high-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-method validation and uncertainty estimation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:159-168. [PMID: 24338963 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In order to obtain reliable analytical results for the separation and determination of arsenic species by high-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS), the analytical procedure must be fully validated and the measurement uncertainty of the analytical result should be estimated. METHODS The total arsenic concentration of the samples was determined by ICP-MS. Separation of the arsenic species, AsB, As(III), DMA, MMA and As(V), was accomplished by liquid chromatography, which was hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, used for detection purposes. Automated handling of these systems was achieved with Chromera software. RESULTS The separation capability between the analytical signals of arsenic species, AsB-As(III), As(III)-DMA, DMA-MMA and MMA-As(V), was 1.3, 1.1, 5.1 and 4.6, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) values ranged from 0.070 µg L(-1) for DMA to 0.13 µg L(-1) for MMA. The expanded uncertainty U [%] values for coverage factor k = 2 estimated for AsB, As(III), DMA, MMA and As(V) were 12 %, 13 %, 5.6 %, 9.6 % and 8.6 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study reports, for the first time, building the uncertainty budgets for five arsenic species and estimation of the expanded uncertainty (for k = 2). The qualitative and quantitative parameters determined in the validation process indicate that the presented analytical procedure can be applied for the determination of AsB, As(III), DMA, MMA and As(V) in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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25
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Lu K, Cable PH, Abo RP, Ru H, Graffam ME, Schlieper KA, Parry NMA, Levine S, Bodnar WM, Wishnok JS, Styblo M, Swenberg JA, Fox JG, Tannenbaum SR. Gut microbiome perturbations induced by bacterial infection affect arsenic biotransformation. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1893-903. [PMID: 24134150 DOI: 10.1021/tx4002868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic affects large human populations worldwide and has been associated with a long list of human diseases, including skin, bladder, lung, and liver cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In addition, there are large individual differences in susceptibility to arsenic-induced diseases, which are frequently associated with different patterns of arsenic metabolism. Several underlying mechanisms, such as genetic polymorphisms and epigenetics, have been proposed, as these factors closely impact the individuals' capacity to metabolize arsenic. In this context, the role of the gut microbiome in directly metabolizing arsenic and triggering systemic responses in diverse organs raises the possibility that perturbations of the gut microbial communities affect the spectrum of metabolized arsenic species and subsequent toxicological effects. In this study, we used an animal model with an altered gut microbiome induced by bacterial infection, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-based arsenic speciation to examine the effect of gut microbiome perturbations on the biotransformation of arsenic. Metagenomics sequencing revealed that bacterial infection significantly perturbed the gut microbiome composition in C57BL/6 mice, which in turn resulted in altered spectra of arsenic metabolites in urine, with inorganic arsenic species and methylated and thiolated arsenic being perturbed. These data clearly illustrated that gut microbiome phenotypes significantly affected arsenic metabolic reactions, including reduction, methylation, and thiolation. These findings improve our understanding of how infectious diseases and environmental exposure interact and may also provide novel insight regarding the gut microbiome composition as a new risk factor of individual susceptibility to environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- Department of Biological Engineering, ‡Department of Biology, §Division of Comparative Medicine, and ∥Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Leykin AY, Yakimovich PV. Systems for the suppression of spectral interferences for inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934812080047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Chen B, Hu B, He M, Mao X, Zu W. Synthesis of mixed coating with multi-functional groups for in-tube hollow fiber solid phase microextraction–high performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry speciation of arsenic in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1227:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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28
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Keil DE, Berger-Ritchie J, McMillin GA. Testing for Toxic Elements: A Focus on Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury. Lab Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1309/lmykgu05bepe7iaw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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29
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Hsu KC, Sun CC, Huang YL. Arsenic speciation in biomedical sciences: recent advances and applications. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:382-9. [PMID: 21914525 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Speciation analysis of trace elements is an important issue in biomedical and toxicological sciences because different elemental species have different effects on health and the environment. For humans, arsenic (As) is a toxic element; the toxicity of As compounds is highly dependent on its chemical form. Although inorganic As compounds are human carcinogens, organic arsenicals are relatively less toxic. This article deals with recent advances and applications of methods for As speciation in biomedical sciences, with emphasis on the specimens commonly encountered in biomedical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Chang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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30
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Yang L, Ding J, Maxwell P, McCooeye M, Windust A, Ouerdane L, Bakirdere S, Willie S, Mester Z. Determination of arsenobetaine in fish tissue by species specific isotope dilution LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and standard addition LC-ICPMS. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3371-8. [PMID: 21452903 DOI: 10.1021/ac103258m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and precise method for the determination of arsenobetaine (AsB, (CH(3))(3)(+)AsCH(2)COO(-)) in fish samples using exact matching species specific isotope dilution (ID) liquid chromatography LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and standard addition LC inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICPMS) is described. Samples were extracted by sonication for 30 min with high purity deionized water. An in-house synthesized (13)C enriched AsB spike was used for species specific ID analysis whereas natural abundance AsB, synthesized and characterized by quantitative (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), was used for reverse ID and standard addition LC-ICPMS. With the LTQ-Orbitrap-MS instrument in scan mode (m/z 170-190) and resolution set at 7500, the intensities of [M + H](+) ions at m/z of 179.0053 and 180.0087 were used to calculate the 179.0053/180.0087 ion ratio for quantification of AsB in fish tissues. To circumvent potential difficulty in mass bias correction, an exact matching approach was applied. A quantitatively prepared mixture of the natural abundance AsB standard and the enriched spike to give a ratio near one was used for mass bias correction. Concentrations of 9.65 ± 0.24 and 11.39 ± 0.39 mg kg(-1) (expanded uncertainty, k = 2) for AsB in two fish samples of fish1 and fish2, respectively, were obtained by ID LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. These results are in good agreement with those obtained by standard addition LC-ICPMS, 9.56 ± 0.32 and 11.26 ± 0.44 mg kg(-1) (expanded uncertainty, k = 2), respectively. Fish CRM DORM-2 was used for method validation and measured results of 37.9 ± 1.8 and 38.7 ± 0.66 mg kg(-1) (expanded uncertainty, k = 2) for AsB obtained by standard addition LC-ICPMS and ID LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, respectively, are in good agreement with the certified value of 39.0 ± 2.6 mg kg(-1) (expanded uncertainty, k = 2). Detection limits of 0.011 and 0.033 mg kg(-1) for AsB with LC-ICPMS and ID LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, respectively, were obtained demonstrating that the technique is well suited to the determination AsB in fish samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is first application of species specific isotope dilution for the accurate and precise determination of AsB in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Institute for National Measurement Standard, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Komorowicz I, Barałkiewicz D. Arsenic and its speciation in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry--last decade review. Talanta 2011; 84:247-61. [PMID: 21376942 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic composes a danger for human health all over the world as it is responsible for water resources contamination. The toxicity of arsenic depends on its chemical form. However, occurrence of particular arsenic species is dependent on processes occurring in water. Nowadays, more arsenic species is detected and analyzed in different kind of water (mineral, tap, waste), mainly owing to great possibilities resulting from coupling high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This review mainly describes arsenic speciation analysis by HPLC-ICP-MS technique on the basis of articles that have been published since 2000. Arsenic chemistry, occurrence in different kind of water, total arsenic determination with interferences elimination and its validation and analytical performance are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, Poznan, Poland.
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Quiroz W, Arias H, Bravo M, Pinto M, Lobos MG, Cortés M. Development of analytical method for determination of Sb(V), Sb(III) and TMSb(V) in occupationally exposed human urine samples by HPLC–HG-AFS. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Davis WC, Zeisler R, Sieber JR, Yu LL. Methods for the separation and quantification of arsenic species in SRM 2669: arsenic species in frozen human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:3041-50. [PMID: 20186533 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two independent liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC/ICP-MS) methods for the separation of arsenic species in urine have been developed with quantification by standard additions. Seven arsenic species have been quantified in a new NIST frozen human urine Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2669 Arsenic Species in Frozen Human Urine, Levels 1 and 2. The species measured were: arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), arsenobetaine (AB), arsenocholine (AC), and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO). The purity of each arsenic standard used for quantification was measured as well as the arsenic species impurities determined in each standard. Analytical method limits of detection (L(D)) for the various species in both methods ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 microg L(-1) as arsenic. The results demonstrate that LC/ICP-MS is a sensitive, reproducible, and accurate technique for the determination of low-level arsenic species in urine. Measurements of the arsenic species 3 years after initial production of the SRM demonstrate the stability of the arsenic species in the urine reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clay Davis
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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