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Lin S, Chen J, Liu W, Peng Z, Chen Z, Hu F. Detection of biomarkers using terahertz metasurface sensors and machine learning. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1027-1034. [PMID: 36821160 DOI: 10.1364/ao.478461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To achieve classification and concentration detection of cancer biomarkers, we propose a method that combines terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, metasurface sensors, and machine learning. A metasurface sensor suitable for biomarker detection was designed and fabricated with five resonance frequencies in the range of 0.3-0.9 THz. We collected biomarkers of five types and nine concentrations at 100 sets of time-domain spectra per concentration. The spectrum is processed by noise reduction and fast Fourier transform to obtain the frequency-domain spectrum. Five machine learning algorithms are used to analyze time- and frequency-domain spectra and ascertain which algorithm is more suitable for the classification of the biomarker THz spectrum. Experimental results show that random forest can better distinguish five biomarkers with an accuracy of 0.984 for the time-domain spectrum. For the frequency-domain spectrum, the support vector machine performs better, with an accuracy of 0.989. For biomarkers at different concentrations, we used linear regression to fit the relationship between biomarker concentration and frequency shift. Experimental results show that machine learning can distinguish different biomarker species and their concentrations by the THz spectrum. This work provides an idea and data processing method for the application of THz technology in biomedical detection.
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Pourmadadi M, Moammeri A, Shamsabadipour A, Moghaddam YF, Rahdar A, Pandey S. Application of Various Optical and Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Detecting Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125): A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:99. [PMID: 36671934 PMCID: PMC9856029 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, diagnosing early-stage cancers can be vital for saving patients and dramatically decreases mortality rates. Therefore, specificity and sensitivity in the detection of cancer antigens should be elaborately ensured. Some early-stage cancers can be diagnosed via detecting the cancer antigen CA-125, such as ovarian cancer, and required treatments can be applied more efficiently. Thus, detection of CA-125 by employing various optical or electrochemical biosensors is a preliminary and crucial step to treating cancers. In this review, a diverse range of optical and electrochemical means of detecting CA-125 are reviewed. Furthermore, an applicable comparison of their performance and sensitivity is provided, several commercial detection kits are investigated, and their applications are compared and discussed to determine whether they are applicable and accurate enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
| | - Ali Moammeri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
| | - Amin Shamsabadipour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Lin S, Wang Y, Peng Z, Chen Z, Hu F. Detection of cancer biomarkers CA125 and CA199 via terahertz metasurface immunosensor. Talanta 2022; 248:123628. [PMID: 35660997 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cancer biomarkers including AFP, CEA, CA199 and CA125, are of great importance in the diagnosis, prognostic prediction and recurrence monitoring of malignancies. However, in clinical practical applications, most tumor cancer biomarkers are lack of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we propose a terahertz (THz) metasurface (MS) immunosensor coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which have good biocompatibility and high specific surface area for biomarkers. Firstly, we added AuNPs to the surface of the sensor. And then, the surface is modified with Anti-CA125 or Anti-CA199 to improve the sensitivity and specificity to the target antigen. The biosensor was fabricated using a surface micromachining process and characterized by a THz-time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) system. The sensitivity of the resonance frequency of the sensor to the refractive index was 65 GHz/RIU (refractive index unit). The detection performance of the THz immunosensor was also verified with different concentrations of CA125 and CA199. The experimental results showed that the frequency shift of the resonance peak was linearly related to the concentration of CA125 and CA199. The detection limits for both CA125 and CA199 are 0.01 U/ml, which is better than that of other common methods. Finally, serum samples were collected and detected to explore whether this method is suitable for clinical detection. The results are consistent with the results of antigen recognition. This study proves that the practicability of the THz immunosensor, which potentially provides important techniques and equipment for improving the sensitivity and specificity of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjun Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instrument, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yuanli Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instrument, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Precision Medicine Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, 535000, China
| | - Zhenyun Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instrument, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instrument, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Fangrong Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instrument, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Omer WE, Abdelbar MF, El-Kemary NM, Fukata N, El-Kemary MA. Cancer antigen 125 assessment using carbon quantum dots for optical biosensing for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31047-31057. [PMID: 35498938 PMCID: PMC9041374 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorometric quantification of biological molecules is a key feature used in many biosensing studies. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using highly fluorescent quantum dots offers highly sensitive detection of the in-proximity wide variety of analyst molecules. In this contribution, we report the use of carbon quantum dots (CDs) for the ultrasensitive optical biosensing of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) in the early malignant stage. This approach is based on monitoring the quenching of CDs luminescence at 535 nm by CA-125 after excitation at 425 nm and pH 10. The calibration of this method was performed in the concentration range of CA-125 from 0.01 to 129 U ml−1 (R2 = 0.99) with a detection limit of 0.66 U ml−1, which matches remarkably with the standard chemiluminometric method in control and real patient samples. The sensing mechanism for cancer antigen 125 assessment was discussed on the basis of fluorescence quenching of CDs and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The current method is easy, sensitive, cost-effective and provides a wide range of validity, which helps in overcoming the limitations of high cost and time consumption exhibited by many other traditional clinical assays for CA-125 quantification. Fluorometric quantification of biological molecules is a key feature used in many biosensing studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa E Omer
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University 33516 Kafr Elsheikh Egypt
| | - Mostafa F Abdelbar
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University 33516 Kafr Elsheikh Egypt .,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Nesma M El-Kemary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University 33516 Kafr Elsheikh Egypt
| | - Naoki Fukata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University 33516 Kafr Elsheikh Egypt.,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Maged A El-Kemary
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University 33516 Kafr Elsheikh Egypt
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Improved ELISA for tumor marker detection using electro-readout-mode based on label triggered degradation of methylene blue. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:800-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Vallamkondu J, Corgiat EB, Buchaiah G, Kandimalla R, Reddy PH. Liquid Crystals: A Novel Approach for Cancer Detection and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E462. [PMID: 30469457 PMCID: PMC6267481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals are defined as the fourth state of matter forming between solid and liquid states. Earlier the applications of liquid crystals were confined to electronic instruments, but recent research findings suggest multiple applications of liquid crystals in biology and medicine. Here, the purpose of this review article is to discuss the potential biological impacts of liquid crystals in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer along with the risk assessment. In this review, we also discussed the recent advances of liquid crystals in cancer biomarker detection and treatment in multiple cell line models. Cases reviewed here will demonstrate that cancer diagnostics based on the multidisciplinary technology and intriguingly utilization of liquid crystals may become an alternative to regular cancer detection methodologies. Additionally, we discussed the formidable challenges and problems in applying liquid crystal technologies. Solving these problems will require great effort and the way forward is through the multidisciplinary collaboration of physicists, biologists, chemists, material-scientists, clinicians, and engineers. The triumphant outcome of these liquid crystals and their applications in cancer research would be convenient testing for the detection of cancer and may result in treating the cancer patients non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu
- Department of Physics, NIT Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.
- Centre for Advanced Materials, NIT Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.
| | - Edwin Bernard Corgiat
- Department of Cellular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA.
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Prereduction-promoted enhanced growth of silver nanoparticles for ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase and carbohydrate antigen 125. Talanta 2018; 189:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung cancer are needed. A recent study demonstrated that urinary GM2-activator protein (GM2AP) level was increased in lung cancer patients. This study aims to validate the potential application of GM2AP as a biomarker for diagnosis of lung cancer. METHODS Serum and urine samples were obtained from 189 participants (133 patients for treatment naive lung cancer, 26 healthy volunteers for urine, and 30 healthy volunteers for serum). GM2AP level was detected by Western blotting and quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The GM2AP expression in tumors and nontumor parts of lung tissues from 143 nonsmall cell lung cancers was detected by immunohistochemical stains. RESULTS There was an 8.11 ± 1.36 folds increase in urine and a 5.41 ± 0.73 folds increase in serum level of GM2AP in lung cancer patients compared with healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001), achieving a 0.89 AUC value in urine and 0.90 AUC value in serum for the receiver-operating characteristic curves. Both serum and urine levels of GM2AP correlated significantly with pathology stages (urine, p = 0.009; serum, p < 0.0001). Using immunohistochemical, positive expression of GM2AP was found at 83.9% of nonsmall cell lung cancers patients and none in normal tissue. The GM2AP expression was significantly correlated with pathology stage (p = 0.0001). Patients with higher GM2AP expression had shorter overall survival (p = 0.045) and disease-free survival (p = 0.049) than lower GM2AP expression. Moreover, the multivariate analysis suggested GM2AP as an independent predictors of disease-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that GM2AP might serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with lung cancer.
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Su HW, Lee MJ, Lee W. Surface modification of alignment layer by ultraviolet irradiation to dramatically improve the detection limit of liquid-crystal-based immunoassay for the cancer biomarker CA125. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:57004. [PMID: 26000796 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.057004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC)-based biosensing has attracted much attention in recent years. We focus on improving the detection limit of LC-based immunoassay techniques by surface modification of the surfactant alignment layer consisting of dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DMOAP). The cancer biomarker CA125 was detected with an array of anti-CA125 antibodies immobilized on the ultraviolet (UV)-modified DMOAP monolayer. Compared with a pristine counterpart, UV irradiation enhanced the binding affinity of the CA125 antibody and reproducibility of immunodetection in which a detection limit of 0.01 ng∕ml for the cancer biomarker CA125 was achieved. Additionally, the optical texture observed under a crossed polarized microscope was correlated with the analyte concentration. In a proof-of-concept experiment using CA125-spiked human serum as the analyte, specific binding between the CA125 antigen and the anti-CA125 antibody resulted in a distinct and concentration-dependent optical response despite the high background caused by nonspecific binding of other biomolecules in the human serum. Results from this study indicate that UVmodification of the alignment layer, as well as detection with LCs of large birefringence, contributes to the enhanced performance of the label-free LC-based immunodetection, which may be considered a promising alternative to conventional label-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Su
- National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Chang Jung Christian University, Department of Bioscience Technology, Guiren District, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
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Tang M, Wen G, Luo Y, Liang A, Jiang Z. A simple resonance Rayleigh scattering method for determination of trace CA125 using immuno-AuRu nanoalloy as probe via ultrasonic irradiation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:1032-1038. [PMID: 25173519 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AuRu nanoalloy (GR) with Au/Ru molar ratio of 32/1 was prepared by the sodium borohydride reduction method. It was used to label the CA125 antibody (Ab) to obtain an immunonanoprobe (GRAb) for cancer antigen 125 (CA125). In pH 7.0 citric acid-Na2HPO4 buffer solution and irradiation of ultrasound, the probes were aggregated nonspecifically to big clusters that showed a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 278 nm. Upon addition of CA125, GRAb reacted specifically with CA125 to form dispersive immunocomplexes of CA125-GRAb in the solution and this process enhanced by the ultrasonic cavitation effect, which led to the RRS intensity decreased greatly. The decreased RRS intensity was linear to the concentration of CA125 in the range of 1.3-80 U/mL, with a detection limit of 0.6 U/mL. The proposed method was applied to detect CA125 in real sample, with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guiqing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanghe Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Conservation of Education Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Su HW, Lee YH, Lee MJ, Hsu YC, Lee W. Label-free immunodetection of the cancer biomarker CA125 using high-Δn liquid crystals. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:077006. [PMID: 25055056 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.077006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A label-free and array-based optical liquid-crystal (LC) immunodetection technique for the detection of CA125 antigen, a protein biomarker most frequently used for ovarian cancer detection, was demonstrated with a nematic LC with larger birefringence (Δn) to promote sensitivity in detecting biomolecules. The LC-based immunodetection offers an alternative and sensitive approach for the detection of biomarker proteins, with the potential of replacing conventional immunoassays used in biochemical studies and clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Su
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Chang Jung Christian University, Department of Bioscience Technology, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Chang Jung Christian University, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
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Hosseini S, Ibrahim F, Djordjevic I, Koole LH. Recent advances in surface functionalization techniques on polymethacrylate materials for optical biosensor applications. Analyst 2014; 139:2933-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hori SS, Gambhir SS. Mathematical model identifies blood biomarker-based early cancer detection strategies and limitations. Sci Transl Med 2012; 3:109ra116. [PMID: 22089452 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most clinical blood biomarkers lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity to reliably detect cancer at an early stage, when it is best treatable. It is not yet clear how early a clinical blood assay can be used to detect cancer or how biomarker-based strategies can be improved to enable earlier detection of smaller tumors. To address these issues, we developed a mathematical model describing dynamic plasma biomarker kinetics in relation to the growth of a tumor, beginning with a single cancer cell. To exemplify a realistic scenario in which biomarker is shed by both cancerous and noncancerous cells, we primed the model on ovarian tumor growth and CA125 shedding data, for which tumor growth parameters and shedding rates are readily available in published literature. We found that a tumor could grow unnoticed for more than 10.1 years and reach a volume of about π/6(25.36 mm)(3), corresponding to a spherical diameter of about 25.36 mm, before becoming detectable by current clinical blood assays. Model parameters were perturbed over log orders of magnitude to quantify ideal shedding rates and identify other blood-based strategies required for early submillimeter tumor detectability. The detection times we estimated are consistent with recently published tumor progression time lines based on clinical genomic sequencing data for several cancers. Here, we rigorously showed that shedding rates of current clinical blood biomarkers are likely 10(4)-fold too low to enable detection of a developing tumor within the first decade of tumor growth. The model presented here can be extended to virtually any solid cancer and associated biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon S Hori
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, USA
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Luo Y, Zhang B, Chen M, Jiang T, Zhou D, Huang J, Fu W. Sensitive and rapid quantification of C-reactive protein using quantum dot-labeled microplate immunoassay. J Transl Med 2012; 10:24. [PMID: 22309411 PMCID: PMC3295717 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assay is of great clinical importance in predicting risks associated with coronary heart disease. Existing hs-CRP assays either require complex operation or have low throughput and cannot be routinely implemented in rural settings due to limited laboratory resources. Methods We developed a novel hs-CRP assay capable of simultaneously quantifying over 90 clinical samples by using quantum dots-labeled immunoassay within a standard 96-well microplate. The specificity of the assay was enhanced by adopting two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target distinct hs-CRP epitopes, serving as the coating antibody and the detection antibody, respectively. In the presence of hs-CRP antigen, the fluorescence intensity of the mAb-Ag-mAb sandwich complex captured on the microplate can be read out using a microplate reader. Results The proposed hs-CRP assay provides a wide analytical range of 0.001-100 mg/L with a detection limit of 0.06 (0.19) μg/L within 1.5 h. The accuracy of the proposed assay has been confirmed for low coefficient of variations (CVs), 2.27% (intra-assay) and 8.52% (inter-assay), together with recoveries of 96.7-104.2%. Bland-Altman plots of 104 clinical samples exhibited good consistency among the proposed assay, commercial high-sensitivity ELISA, and nephelometry, indicating the prospects of the newly developed hs-CRP assay as an alternative to existing hs-CRP assays. Conclusion The developed assay meets the needs of the rapid, sensitive and high-throughput determination of hs-CRP levels within a short time using minimal resources. In addition, the developed assay can also be used to detect and quantify other diagnostic biomarkers by immobilizing specific monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, Peoples' Republic of China
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Computational analysis of non-covalent polymer–protein interactions governing antibody orientation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1731-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Farris LR, McDonald MJ. AFM imaging of ALYGNSA polymer–protein surfaces: evidence of antibody orientation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Das J, Kelley SO. Protein Detection Using Arrayed Microsensor Chips: Tuning Sensor Footprint to Achieve Ultrasensitive Readout of CA-125 in Serum and Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1167-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Chourb S, Mackness BC, Farris LR, McDonald MJ. Improved detection Of the MUC1 cancer antigen CA 15-3 by ALYGNSA fluorimmunoassay. Health (London) 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2011.38087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yin Y, Cao Y, Xu Y, Li G. Colorimetric immunoassay for detection of tumor markers. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5077-94. [PMID: 21614193 PMCID: PMC3100837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor markers are substances, usually proteins, produced by the body in response to cancer growth, or by the cancer tissue itself. They can be detected in blood, urine, or tissue samples, and the discovery and detection of tumor markers may provide earlier diagnosis of cancer and improved therapeutic intervention. Colorimetric immunoassays for tumor marker detection have attracted considerable attention, due to their simplicity and high efficiency. The traditionally used colorimetric immunoassays for the detection of tumor markers are based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the great achievement of nanotechnology has further opened opportunities for the development of such kind of immunoassays. This paper will summarize recent advances in the field of colorimetric immunoassays for detecting tumor markers, which is aimed to provide an overview in this field, as well as experimental guidance for the learner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-25-681-360-43, +86-25-835-935-96; Fax: +86-25-837-100-40, +86-25-835-925-10
| | - Ya Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Genxi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (Y.X.)
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-25-681-360-43, +86-25-835-935-96; Fax: +86-25-837-100-40, +86-25-835-925-10
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Serum-based ALYGNSA immunoassay for the prostate cancer biomarker, total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA). Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3151-4. [PMID: 20556365 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serum glycoprotein overproduced by the prostate in prostate cancer (> or = 4 ng/mL in the bloodstream). An immunoassay for total PSA (tPSA) was developed using the ALYGNSA method to enhance capture antibody orientation and a limit of detection of 0.63 ng/mL was reported, a limit 15-fold lower than a commercial tPSA ELISA assay. This ALYGNSA assay, however, was performed using only buffer-based proteins and blocking agents (Mackness et al., Anal Bioanal Chem 396:681-686, 2010). To improve the clinical application of this system, a serum-based tPSA ALYGNSA was developed employing human serum. This assay also resulted in a limit of detection of 0.63 ng/mL of tPSA protein. The findings reported here provide support for the clinical application of this assay for diagnosis, progression, treatment, and possible recurrence of prostate cancer.
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Tang D, Su B, Tang J, Ren J, Chen G. Nanoparticle-Based Sandwich Electrochemical Immunoassay for Carbohydrate Antigen 125 with Signal Enhancement Using Enzyme-Coated Nanometer-Sized Enzyme-Doped Silica Beads. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1527-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of Education), and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Biling Su
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of Education), and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of Education), and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of Education), and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Guonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of Education), and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Polymer–protein-enhanced fluoroimmunoassay for prostate-specific antigen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:681-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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