1
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Li W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Hu P, Zhang M, Meng X, Zhang X, Shang M, Duan X, Wang C. Portable SERS-Based POCT Kit for Ultrafast and Sensitive Determining Paraquat in Human Gastric Juice and Urine. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18576-18583. [PMID: 38680347 PMCID: PMC11044205 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) poisoning poses a significant public health concern. Unfortunately, point-of-care testing (POCT) of PQ in biofluids remains challenging. This study developed a portable kit that enables swift and reliable identification and quantification of PQ in human urine and gastric juice. The approach employed the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique, leveraging gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) as the substrate. The kit comprised a portable Raman spectrometer and three sealed tubes containing Au@Ag NPs colloid, KI solution, and MgSO4 solution. A discernible correlation was observed between signal intensity and the logarithmic concentration, spanning from 5 to 500 μg/L in urine and 10 μg/L to 1 mg/L in gastric juice. The detection limits, calculated from the characteristic peak at 1648 cm -1, were 1.36 and 4.05 μg/L in human urine and gastric juice, respectively. Notably, this POCT kit obviated the need for pretreatment procedures, and the detection process was accomplished within 1 min, yielding satisfactory recoveries. This expeditious time frame is crucial for clinical diagnosis and rescue operations. Compared to conventional methods, this kit demonstrated real-time determinations in nonlaboratory settings. The simplicity and practicality of this POCT assay suggest its significant potential as an innovative alternative for poisoning detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Li
- Physical
and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and
Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical
University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- The
First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing
Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Physical
and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and
Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical
University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Peishan Hu
- Physical
and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and
Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical
University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Mengping Zhang
- Physical
and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and
Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical
University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Physical
and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and
Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical
University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- Physical
and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and
Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical
University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Ming Shang
- Department
of Key Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy
of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiuping Duan
- Emergency
department, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Cuijuan Wang
- Physical
and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and
Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical
University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
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2
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Rajaram R, Neelakantan L. Recent advances in estimation of paraquat using various analytical techniques: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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3
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Torres-Rojas C, Zhuang D, Jimenez-Carrion P, Silva I, O'Callaghan JP, Lu L, Zhao W, Mulligan MK, Williams RW, Jones BC. Systems Genetics and Systems Biology Analysis of Paraquat Neurotoxicity in BXD Recombinant Inbred Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 176:137-146. [PMID: 32294219 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide used in many countries, including the United States. It is also implicated as a risk factor for sporadic Parkinson's disease, especially in those living in agricultural areas and drinking well water. Studies linking PQ to sporadic Parkinson's disease are not consistent however and there appears to be interindividual differential susceptibility. One likely reason is genetically based differential susceptibility to paraquat neurotoxicity in subpopulations. To address this issue, we tested the effects of paraquat in a genetic reference population of mice (the BXD recombinant inbred strain family). In our earlier work, we showed that in genetically susceptible mice, paraquat increases iron in the ventral midbrain, the area containing the substantia nigra. Our hypothesis is that genetic variability contributes to diverse PQ-related susceptibility and iron concentration. To test this hypothesis, we treated male mice from 28 to 39 BXD strains plus the parental strains with 1 of 3 doses of paraquat, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg 3 times on a weekly basis. At the end of the treatment period, we analyzed the ventral midbrain for concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc, also we measured the concentration of paraquat in cerebellum, and proinflammatory cytokines in serum and cerebellum. The effect on paraquat-treated mice with 5 mg/kg and principal component analysis of iron showed suggestive quantitative trait loci on chromosome 5. Overall, our results suggest that gene Prkag2 and related networks may serve as potential targets against paraquat toxicity and demonstrate the utility of genetically diverse mouse models for the study of complex human toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Torres-Rojas
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Daming Zhuang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Paola Jimenez-Carrion
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Isabel Silva
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Byron C Jones
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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4
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Budge KM, Neal ML, Richardson JR, Safadi FF. Transgenic Overexpression of GPNMB Protects Against MPTP-Induced Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2920-2933. [PMID: 32436108 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease highlighted by a marked loss of dopaminergic cell loss and motor disturbances. Currently, there are no drugs that slow the progression of the disease. A myriad of factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of PD including neuroinflammation. Although anti-inflammatory agents are being evaluated as potential disease-modifying therapies for PD, none has proven effective to date, suggesting that new and novel targets are needed. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has recently been shown to reduce inflammation in astrocytes and to be increased in post-mortem PD brain samples. Here we show that transgenic overexpression of GPNMB protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, GPNMB overexpression reduces gliosis and prevented microglial morphological changes following MPTP treatment compared with wild-type MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, recombinant GPNMB attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in primary mouse microglia. These results suggest a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory role for GPNMB and warrant further investigation for GPNMB as a novel therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Budge
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Matthew L Neal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA. .,Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA.
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5
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Pan S, Zhang J, He Q, Chen X, Jin M. Fabrication of benzenesulfonic acid groups modified magnetic microspheres as an MSPE adsorbent for fast determination of paraquat and diquat in human urine combined with UPLC-HRMS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Salt-assisted liquid–liquid extraction coupled with reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for sensitive HPLC determination of paraquat in environmental and food samples. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Ou Sha, Wang Y, Chen XB, Chen J, Chen L. Determination of Paraquat in Environmental Water by Ionic Liquid-Based Liquid Phase Extraction with Direct Injection for HPLC. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818090083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Shadnia S, Ebadollahi-Natanzi A, Ahmadzadeh S, Karami-Mohajeri S, Pourshojaei Y, Rahimi HR. Delayed death following paraquat poisoning: three case reports and a literature review. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:745-753. [PMID: 30310653 PMCID: PMC6116805 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) poisoning is principally reported in developing countries. However, most fatalities occur elsewhere due to the induction of multi-organ failure. PQ poisoning can hardly be managed by clinical practice, and no specific antidote has come into existence yet. Here three cases, including 17-, 20-, and 23-year-old men, who were poisoned with PQ, have been reported. Furthermore, the literature regarding biological mechanisms, clinical manifestation, and treatment of PQ-induced toxicity was reviewed. Patients who, either intentionally or accidentally, ingested PQ earlier were initially found to be stable at the emergency department (ED). Therefore, they were discharged from the hospital under a follow-up. However, after several days, the patients were referred to the hospital for the second time and despite cardiovascular resuscitation (CPR) efforts, they suddenly expired. The delayed death following exposure to PQ was reported for inducing gradual progressive pulmonary fibrosis, metabolic acidosis, neurotoxicity, renal failure, and liver injury in poisoned patients. Therefore, PQ-intoxicated patients should be supervised for up to several weeks, and kept in the hospital for a longer period of time. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings are beneficial markers that act as useful predictors of PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Shadnia
- Toxicology Research Center , Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology , Department of Clinical Toxicology , Loghman Hakim Hospital , School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Ebadollahi-Natanzi
- Medicinal Plants Department , Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center , Agricultural Research , Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Saeid Ahmadzadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran . ;
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Yaghoub Pourshojaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran . ;
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
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9
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Tomková H, Sokolová R, Opletal T, Kučerová P, Kučera L, Součková J, Skopalová J, Barták P. Electrochemical sensor based on phospholipid modified glassy carbon electrode - determination of paraquat. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Ihde ES, Zamudio S, Loh JM, Zhu Y, Woytanowski J, Rosen L, Liu M, Buckley B. Application of a novel mass spectrometric (MS) method to examine exposure to Bisphenol-A and common substitutes in a maternal fetal cohort. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT : HERA 2017; 24:331-346. [PMID: 31588171 PMCID: PMC6777866 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2017.1381831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of Bisphenol A (BPA) has widely been replaced in consumer products by analogs BPB, BPE, BPF, BPS, and BPAF. Recent studies have linked these substitutes to similar adverse health outcomes as BPA, including disruption of endocrine pathways in animal and human studies. We designed a novel MS method, developed specifically for this study, to capture the most relevant BPA alternatives, BPB, BPE, BPF, BPS, BPAF and 4-NP in human blood and urine to quantify potential in utero exposures. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore in utero exposure to these BPA analogs and the first U.S. study to test for BPA in maternal/fetal pairs. The method was run on 30 paired maternal urine and fetal cord blood samples from mothers undergoing elective Caesarean sections. 90% of mothers and 77% of babies tested positive for at least one BP analog. 83% of mothers tested positive for BPAF, 60% for BPS, 57% for BPB, 17% for BPF and 7% for BPA. 57% of babies tested positive for BPAF and 50% for BPF. BPA and BPB were detected in one cord blood sample each. BPS was not detected in cord blood. BPE was not detected in any fetal cord blood or maternal urine samples. These findings demonstrate the pervasiveness of some BP analogs in pregnant women and their babies at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Speiser Ihde
- The Deirdre Imus Environmental Health Center®, Hackensack University Medical Center, 30 Prospect Ave, Research Building, Hackensack NJ 07601, USA
| | - Stacy Zamudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, 30 Prospect Ave, Hackensack NJ 07601, USA
| | - Ji Meng Loh
- Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, NJ Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Yalin Zhu
- Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, NJ Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - John Woytanowski
- St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, 2900 W. Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Lawrence Rosen
- The Deirdre Imus Environmental Health Center®, Hackensack University Medical Center, 30 Prospect Ave, Research Building, Hackensack NJ 07601, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
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11
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Vu AP, Nguyen TN, Do TT, Doan TH, Ha TH, Ta TT, Nguyen HL, Hauser PC, Nguyen TAH, Mai TD. Clinical screening of paraquat in plasma samples using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection: Towards rapid diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of acute paraquat poisoning in Vietnam. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:111-117. [PMID: 28609698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The employment of a purpose-made capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) as a simple and cost-effective solution for clinical screening of paraquat in plasma samples for early-stage diagnosis of acute herbicide poisoning is reported. Paraquat was determined using an electrolyte composed of 10mM histidine adjusted to pH 4 with acetic acid. A detection limit of 0.5mg/L was achieved. Good agreement between results from CE-C4D and the confirmation method (HPLC-UV) was obtained, with relative errors for the two pairs of data better than 20% for 31 samples taken from paraquat-intoxicated patients. The results were used by medical doctors for identification and prognosis of acute paraquat poisoning cases. The objective of the work is the deployment of the developed approach in rural areas in Vietnam as a low-cost solution to reduce the mortality rate due to accidental or suicidal ingestion of paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Phuong Vu
- Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong road, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam(1)
| | - Thi Ngan Nguyen
- Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong road, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam(1)
| | - Thi Trang Do
- Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong road, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam(1)
| | - Thu Ha Doan
- Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong road, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Hung Ha
- Poison Control Center, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong road, Dong Da, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thao Ta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam(1)
| | - Hung Long Nguyen
- Vietnam Food Administration, Ministry of Health, 138A Giang Vo, Ba Đinh, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Peter C Hauser
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thi Anh Huong Nguyen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam(1).
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- PNAS, Institut Galien de Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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12
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Optimized ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem high resolution mass spectrometry method for the quantification of paraquat in plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:96-102. [PMID: 27270261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and specific ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS) method has been developed and validated for quantification of paraquat in plasma and urine. The sample preparation was carried out by one-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The paraquat was separated with a HILIC column in 10min. Detection was performed using Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer by Targeted-MS/MS scan mode. Methodological parameters, such as ammonium formate concentration, formic acid concentration, spray voltage, capillary temperature, heater temperature and normalized collision energy were optimized to achieve the highest sensitivity. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of LOQ-1000ng/mL. LOD was 0.1 and 0.3ng/mL, LOQ was 0.3 and 0.8ng/mL for urine and plasma, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were <7.97% and 4.78% for plasma and urine. The accuracies were within the range 93.51-100.90%. The plasma and urine matrices had negligible relative matrix effect in this study. This method was successfully applied to determine paraquat concentration in plasma samples with hemoperfusion from 5 suspected paraquat poisoning patients.
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13
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Wen X, Gibson CJ, Yang I, Buckley B, Goedken MJ, Richardson JR, Aleksunes LM. MDR1 transporter protects against paraquat-induced toxicity in human and mouse proximal tubule cells. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:475-83. [PMID: 25015657 PMCID: PMC4271045 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat is a herbicide that is highly toxic to the lungs and kidneys following acute exposures. Prior studies have demonstrated that the organic cation transporter 2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 contribute to the urinary secretion of paraquat in the kidneys. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1/Mdr1, ABCB1, or P-glycoprotein) also participates in the removal of paraquat from the kidneys and protects against renal injury. Paraquat transport and toxicity were quantified in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) that endogenously express MDR1, HEK293 cells overexpressing MDR1, and Mdr1a/1b knockout mice. In RPTEC cells, reduction of MDR1 activity using the antagonist PSC833 or siRNA transfection increased the cellular accumulation of paraquat by 50%. Reduced efflux of paraquat corresponded with enhanced cytotoxicity in PSC833-treated cells. Likewise, stable overexpression of the human MDR1 gene in HEK293 cells reduced intracellular levels of paraquat by 50%. In vivo studies assessed the renal accumulation and subsequent nephrotoxicity of paraquat (10 or 30 mg/kg ip) in wild-type and Mdr1a/1b knockout mice. At 4 h after paraquat treatment, renal concentrations of paraquat in the kidneys of Mdr1a/1b knockout mice were 750% higher than wild-type mice. By 72 h, paraquat-treated Mdr1a/1b knockout mice had more extensive tubular degeneration and significantly greater mRNA expression of kidney injury-responsive genes, including kidney injury molecule-1, lipocalin-2, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, MDR1/Mdr1 participates in the elimination of paraquat from the kidneys and protects against subsequent toxicity.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Animals
- Cyclosporins/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- HEK293 Cells
- Herbicides/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Diseases/chemically induced
- Kidney Diseases/genetics
- Kidney Diseases/metabolism
- Kidney Diseases/pathology
- Kidney Diseases/prevention & control
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Paraquat/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Renal Elimination/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Christopher J Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Ill Yang
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Michael J Goedken
- Office of Translational Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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14
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Oh JA, Lee JB, Lee SH, Shin HS. Ultra-trace level determination of diquat and paraquat residues in surface and drinking water using ion-pair liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: A comparison of direct injection and solid-phase extraction methods. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2900-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Aa Oh
- Department of Environmental Science; Kongju National University; Kongju Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bae Lee
- Geum River Environment Research Center; Okcheon-eup; Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Lee
- Geum River Environment Research Center; Okcheon-eup; Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Education; Kongju National University; Kongju Republic of Korea
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15
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Garcia-Febrero R, Salvador JP, Sanchez-Baeza F, Marco MP. Rapid method based on immunoassay for determination of paraquat residues in wheat, barley and potato. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Borisov RS, Zakirov MI, Ovcharov MV, Zaikin VG. Investigation of 1,1′-disubstituted 4,4′-bipyridinium salts by various mass spectrometry techniques. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813140037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Hao C, Zhao X, Morse D, Yang P, Taguchi V, Morra F. Optimized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approach for the determination of diquat and paraquat herbicides. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1304:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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An electrochemical magneto immunosensor (EMIS) for the determination of paraquat residues in potato samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7841-9. [PMID: 23887278 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical magneto immunosensor for the detection of low concentrations of paraquat (PQ) in food samples has been developed and its performance evaluated in a complex sample such as potato extracts. The immunosensor presented uses immunoreagents specifically developed for the recognition of paraquat, a magnetic graphite-epoxy composite (m-GEC) electrode and biofunctionalized magnetic micro-particles (PQ1-BSAMP) that allow reduction of the potential interferences caused by the matrix components. The amperometric signal is provided by an enzymatic probe prepared by covalently linking an enzyme to the specific antibodies (Ab198-cc-HRP). The use of hydroquinone, as mediator, allows recording of the signal at a low potential, which also contributes to reducing the background noise potentially caused by the sample matrix. The immunocomplexes formed on top of the modified MP are easily captured by the m-GEC, which acts simultaneously as transducer. PQ can be detected at concentrations as low as 0.18 ± 0.09 μg L(-1). Combined with an efficient extraction procedure, PQ residues can be directly detected and accurately quantified in potato extracts without additional clean-up or purification steps, with a limit of detection (90% of the maximum signal) of 2.18 ± 2.08 μg kg(-1), far below the maximum residue level (20 μg kg(-1)) established by the EC. The immunosensor presented here is suitable for on-site analysis. Combined with the use of magnetic racks, multiple samples can be run simultaneously in a reasonable time.
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Yao F, Liu H, Wang G, Du L, Yin X, Fu Y. Determination of paraquat in water samples using a sensitive fluorescent probe titration method. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1245-1251. [PMID: 24191615 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), a nonselective herbicide, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. Thus, its determination through direct fluorescent methods is not feasible. The supramolecular inclusion interaction of PQ with cucurbit[7]uril was studied by a fluorescent probe titration method. Significant quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the cucurbit[7]uril-coptisine fluorescent probe was observed with the addition of PQ. A new fluorescent probe titration method with high selectivity and sensitivity at the ng/mL level was developed to determine PQ in aqueous solutions with good precision and accuracy based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of PQ in lake water, tap water, well water, and ditch water in an agricultural area, with recoveries of 96.73% to 105.77%. The fluorescence quenching values (deltaF) showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 1.0 x 10(-8) to 1.2 x 10(-5) mol/L with a detection limit of 3.35 x 10(-9) mol/L. In addition, the interaction models of the supramolecular complexes formed between the host and the guest were established using theoretical calculations. The interaction mechanism between the cucurbit[7]uril and PQ was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Yao
- Analytical and Testing Center Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China.
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20
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Letter to the Editor regarding “Quantification of Paraquat, MPTP, and MPP+ in brain tissue using microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) and high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry”. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:439. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Srivastava G, Dixit A, Yadav S, Patel DK, Prakash O, Singh MP. Resveratrol potentiates cytochrome P450 2 d22-mediated neuroprotection in maneb- and paraquat-induced parkinsonism in the mouse. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1294-306. [PMID: 22334051 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A strong association between polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 (CYP/Cyp) 2D6 gene and risk to Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established. The present study investigated the neuroprotective potential of Cyp2d22, a mouse ortholog of human CYP2D6, in maneb- and paraquat-induced parkinsonism and the mechanisms involved therein along with the effects of resveratrol on various parameters associated with Cyp2d22-mediated neuroprotection. The animals were treated intraperitoneally with resveratrol (10mg/kg, daily) and paraquat (10mg/kg) alone or in combination with maneb (30 mg/kg), twice a week, for 9 weeks, along with their respective controls. The subsets of animals were also treated intraperitoneally with a Cyp2d22 inhibitor, ketoconazole (100mg/kg, daily). Maneb and paraquat reduced Cyp2d22 and vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT-2) expressions, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells, and dopamine content and increased paraquat accumulation in the nigrostriatal tissues, oxidative stress, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Cyp2d22 inhibitor significantly exacerbated all these neurodegenerative indexes. Resveratrol cotreatment, partially but significantly, ameliorated the neurodegenerative changes by altering Cyp2d22 expression and paraquat accumulation. The results obtained in the study demonstrate that Cyp2d22 offers neuroprotection in maneb- and paraquat-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and resveratrol enhances its neuroprotective credentials by influencing Cyp2d22 expression and paraquat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Srivastava
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M. G. Marg, Post Box 80, Lucknow 226 001, India
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22
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Moreira PN, de Pinho PG, Baltazar MT, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Quantification of paraquat in postmortem samples by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry and review of the literature. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:338-349. [PMID: 21656535 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide implicated in numerous fatalities, mainly caused by voluntary ingestion. Several methods have been used to quantify PQ in plasma and urine samples of intoxicated humans as a predictor of clinical outcome. There is no validated method for the analysis of PQ in postmortem samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an analytical method, using gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) after solid-phase extraction, to quantify PQ in postmortem samples, namely in whole blood, urine, liver, lung and kidney, to cover the routes of distribution, accumulation and elimination of PQ. The method proved to be selective as there were no interferences of endogenous compounds with the same retention time as PQ and ethyl paraquat (internal standard). The regression analysis for PQ was linear in the range 0-10 µg/mL. The detection limits ranged from 0.0076 µg/mL for urine to 0.047 µg/mL for whole blood, and the recoveries were suitable for forensic analysis. The proposed GC-IT/MS method provided an accurate and simple assay with adequate precision and recovery for the quantification of PQ in postmortem samples. The proof of applicability was performed in two fatal PQ intoxications. A review of the analytical methods for the determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides is also provided for a better understanding of the presently available techniques.
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Genetic-based, differential susceptibility to paraquat neurotoxicity in mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:415-21. [PMID: 21371552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide used extensively in agriculture. This agent is also suspected to be a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) by harming nigro-striatal dopamine neurons. There is likely, genetic-based, individual variability in susceptibility to PQ neurotoxicity related PD. In this study, we measured the delivery of PQ to the brain after three weekly injections of PQ at 5 mg kg(-1), PQ-related neural toxicity after three weekly injections of PQ at 1 mg kg(-1)or 5 mg kg(-1), PQ-related iron accumulation and PQ-related gene expression in midbrain of DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mouse strains after a single injection of PQ at 15 mg kg(-1) and 10 mg kg(-1), respectively. Results showed that compared to controls, PQ-treated B6 mice lost greater numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta than D2 mice; however, distribution of PQ to the midbrain was equal between the strains. PQ also significantly increased iron concentration in the midbrain of B6 but not D2 mice. Microarray analysis of the ventral midbrain showed greater PQ-induced changes in gene expression in B6 compared to D2 mice. This is the first study to report genetically-based differences in susceptibility to PQ neurotoxicity and to understanding individual differences in vulnerability to PQ neurotoxicity and its relation to PD in humans.
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for analytical determination of paraquat in meconium samples using an immunosensor modified with fullerene, ferrocene and ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Lehner A, Johnson M, Simkins T, Janis K, Lookingland K, Goudreau J, Rumbeiha W. Liquid chromatographic-electrospray mass spectrometric determination of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) in discrete regions of murine brain. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 21:171-82. [PMID: 21142843 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.538753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is widely used as a neurotoxin in several models of Parkinson's disease in mice. MPTP is metabolized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), which is a mitochondrial toxicant of central dopamine (DA) neurons. There are species, strain, and age differences in sensitivity to MPTP. Simultaneous measurement of the MPTP active metabolite MPP(+) and dopamine (DA) in the brain would be helpful in mechanistic studies of this neurotoxin. The objective of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method for analysis of MPTP and MPP(+) in brain tissue and correlate these in the same sample with changes in DA measured via HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection. Twenty-five C57BL/6J7 8-week old female mice were used in the study. Mice were given a single subcutaneous injection of MPTP (20 mg/kg) and were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, or 8 h later. Zero time control mice received an injection of 0.9% normal saline (10 ml/kg) and were killed 1 h later. Brains were rapidly harvested and quickly frozen, and microdissected brain regions were placed in 0.1 M phosphate-citric acid buffer containing 20% methanol (pH 2.5). A new LC/MS method was successfully developed that utilized selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of MPP(+) m/z 170→127, 170→128, and 170→154 fragmentation for quantitation and area ratios (m/z 127)/(m/z 128) and (m/z 154)/(128) for identity confirmation. A similar SRM strategy from m/z 174 was unable to detect any significant levels of MPTP down to 0.4 ppb. According to this method, MPP(+) was detected in the nucleus accumbens (NA) and the striatum (ST), with the levels in the NA being 3-times higher than those in the ST. The advantage of this approach is that the tissue buffer used in this procedure allowed concurrent measurement of striatal DA, thus enabling direct correlation between accumulation of tissue MPP(+) and depletion of DA concentrations in discrete regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lehner
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910-8104, USA.
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Whitehead RD, Montesano MA, Jayatilaka NK, Buckley B, Winnik B, Needham LL, Barr DB. Method for measurement of the quaternary amine compounds paraquat and diquat in human urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 878:2548-53. [PMID: 19837016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly selective and sensitive analytical method to quantify paraquat and diquat by use of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The sample preparation includes solid phase extraction that uses weak cation exchange cartridges. These highly charged dual quaternary amines were not retained by standard reversed phase columns, but they could be adequately separated through HPLC with a HILIC column. The detection was carried out with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization probe in positive ion mode in multiple reaction monitoring. Repeated analysis in human urine samples spiked with low (5 ng/ml), medium (15 ng/ml), and high (30 ng/ml) concentrations of the analytes yielded relative standard deviations of less than 9%. The extraction efficiencies ranged from 77.7% to 94.2%. The limits of detection were in the range of 1 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph D Whitehead
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
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