1
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Gao S, Xu T, Wu L, Zhu X, Wang X, Jian X, Li X. Overcoming bubble formation in polydimethylsiloxane-made PCR chips: mechanism and elimination with a high-pressure liquid seal. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:136. [PMID: 39327421 PMCID: PMC11427668 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The thermal expansion of gas and the air permeability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were previously thought to be the main causes of bubbles and water loss during polymerase chain reaction (PCR), resulting in a very complex chip design and operation. Here, by calculating and characterizing bubble formation, we discovered that water vapor is the main cause of bubbling. During PCR, heat increases the volume of the bubble by a factor of only ~0.2 in the absence of water vapor but by a factor of ~6.4 in the presence of water vapor. In addition, the phenomenon of "respiration" due to the repeated evaporation and condensation of water vapor accelerates the expansion of bubbles and the loss of water. A water seal above 109 kPa can effectively prevent bubbles in a bare PDMS chip with a simple structure, which is significant for the wide application of PDMS chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tiegang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Jian
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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2
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Fiore L, Mazzaracchio V, Antinucci A, Ferrara R, Sciarra T, Lista F, Shen AQ, Arduini F. Wearable electrochemical device based on butterfly-like paper-based microfluidics for pH and Na + monitoring in sweat. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:580. [PMID: 39243287 PMCID: PMC11380643 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
A wearable potentiometric device is reported based on an innovative butterfly-like paper-based microfluidic system, allowing for continuous monitoring of pH and Na+ levels in sweat during physical activity. Specifically, the use of the butterfly-like configuration avoids evaporation phenomena and memory effects, enabling precise and timely biomarker determination in sweat. Two ad hoc modified screen-printed electrodes were embedded in the butterfly-like paper-based microfluidics, and the sensing device was further integrated with a portable and miniaturized potentiostat, leveraging Bluetooth technology for efficient data transmission. First, the paper-based microfluidic configuration was tested for optimal fluidic management to obtain optimized performance of the device. Subsequently, the two electrodes were individually tested to detect the two biomarkers, namely pH and Na+. The results demonstrated highly promising near-Nernstian (0.056 ± 0.002 V/dec) and super-Nernstian (- 0.080 ± 0.003 V/pH) responses, for Na+ and pH detection, respectively. Additionally, several important parameters such as storage stability, interferents, and memory effect by hysteresis study were also investigated. Finally, the butterfly-like paper-based microfluidic wearable device was tested for Na+ and pH monitoring during the physical activity of three volunteers engaged in different exercises, obtaining a good correlation between Na+ increase and dehydration phenomena. Furthermore, one volunteer was tested through a cardiopulmonary test, demonstrating a correlation between sodium Na+ increase and the energetic effort by the volunteer. Our wearable device highlights the high potential to enable early evaluation of dehydration and open up new opportunities in sports activity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiore
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Antinucci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciarra
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184, Rome, Italy
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Yang Q, Zhou W, Li H, Huang J, Song Z, Cheng L, Wu Y, Mu D. A continuous polymerase chain reaction 3D spiral microreactor capable of facile and on-demand fabrication. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1310:342692. [PMID: 38811132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Yang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China.
| | - Huan Li
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Jialing Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zeyuan Song
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China.
| | - Deqiang Mu
- Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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4
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Gao S, Xu T, Wu L, Zhu X, Wang X, Chen Y, Li G, Li X. Complete Prevention of Bubbles in a PDMS-Based Digital PCR Chip with a Multifunction Cavity. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:114. [PMID: 38534221 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In a chamber-based digital PCR (dPCR) chip fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bubble generation in the chambers at high temperatures is a critical issue. Here, we found that the main reason for bubble formation in PDMS chips is the too-high saturated vapor pressure of water at an elevated temperature. The bubbles should be completely prevented by reducing the initial pressure of the system to under 13.6 kPa to eliminate the effects of increased-pressure water vapor. Then, a cavity was designed and fabricated above the PCR reaction layer, and Parylene C was used as a shell covering the chip. The cavity was used for the negative generator in sample loading, PDMS degassing, PCR solution degassing in the digitization process and water storage in the thermal reaction process. The analysis was confirmed and finally achieved a desirable bubble-free, fast-digitization, valve-free and no-tubing connection dPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tiegang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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5
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Duanmu L, Shen Y, Gong P, Zhang H, Meng X, Yu Y. Constant Pressure-Regulated Microdroplet Polymerase Chain Reaction in Microfluid Chips: A Methodological Study. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 38276836 PMCID: PMC10820915 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in microfluidic systems often results in bubble formation post-amplification, leading to microdroplet fragmentation and compromised detection accuracy. To solve this issue, this study introduces a method based on the constant pressure regulation of microdroplets during PCR within microfluidic chips. An ideal pressure reference value for continuous pressure control was produced by examining air solubility in water at various pressures and temperatures as well as modeling air saturation solubility against pressure for various temperature scenarios. Employing a high-efficiency constant pressure device facilitates precise modulation of the microfluidic chip's inlet and outlet pressure. This ensures that air solubility remains unsaturated during PCR amplification, preventing bubble precipitation and maintaining microdroplet integrity. The device and chip were subsequently utilized for quantitative analysis of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 18 gene, with results indicating a strong linear relationship between detection signal and DNA concentration within a range of 101-105 copies/μL (R2 = 0.999). By thwarting bubble generation during PCR process, the constant pressure methodology enhances microdroplet stability and PCR efficiency, underscoring its significant potential for nucleic acid quantification and trace detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Duanmu
- School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Youji Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (X.M.)
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (X.M.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiangkai Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (X.M.)
| | - Yuanhua Yu
- School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China;
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (X.M.)
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6
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Song W, Zhang C, Lin H, Zhang T, Liu H, Huang X. Portable rotary PCR system for real-time detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in milk. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4592-4599. [PMID: 37772426 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00401e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid quantitative detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in milk is of great significance to food safety. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology is a good choice to meet this requirement. A good qPCR system should show the advantages of being low cost, having low-power consumption, having potential for miniaturization and be portable. However, most of the time-domain-based qPCR systems reported to date do not meet these requirements. In this study, we propose a novel real-time rotary PCR reaction system (RRP) that meets all the abovementioned specifications, and contains four modules: a heating control module, a disposable PCR capillary tube, a mechanical control module, and a photoelectric detection module. The volume of our homemade-PCR capillary tube is only 3 μL. The total manufacturing cost is cheaper than $200, and the capillary tube is about 1.4 cents. The size parameter of the RRP is less than 300 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm, using low mobile power sources to operate. All the features mean that the RRP meets the advantages of low sample volumes, enhanced thermal conductivity and being portable. Through conducting the experimental quantitative detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in milk and theoretical simulations by COMSOL, we prove the feasibility of this rotary PCR real-time detection system, which has broad application prospects in the rapid detection of bacteria and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China.
| | - Chuanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China.
| | - Huichao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China.
| | - Taiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China.
| | - Haixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China.
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China.
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7
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Shin Y, Kwak T, Whang K, Jo Y, Hwang JH, Hwang I, An HJ, Lim Y, Choi I, Kim D, Lee LP, Kang T. Bubble-free diatoms polymerase chain reaction. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115489. [PMID: 37402347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in small fluidic systems not only improves speed and sensitivity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification but also achieves high-throughput quantitative analyses. However, air bubble trapping and growth during PCR has been considered as a critical problem since it causes the failure of DNA amplification. Here we report bubble-free diatom PCR by exploiting a hierarchically porous silica structure of single-celled algae. We show that femtoliters of PCR solution can be spontaneously loaded into the diatom interior without air bubble trapping due to the surface hydrophilicity and pore structure of the diatom. We discover that a large pressure gradient between air bubbles and nanopores rapidly removes residual air bubbles through the periodically arrayed nanopores during thermal cycling. We demonstrate the DNA amplification by diatom PCR without air bubble trapping and growth. Finally, we successfully detect DNA fragments of SARS-CoV-2 with as low as 10 copies/μl by devising a microfluidic device integrated with diatoms assembly. We believe that our work can be applied to many PCR applications for innovative molecular diagnostics and provides new opportunities for naturally abundant diatoms to create innovative biomaterials in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea; Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea; Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Taejin Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Keumrai Whang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Yuseung Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ha Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Inhyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ji An
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Youngwook Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Dongchoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea.
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Taewook Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea; Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea.
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8
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Shitanda I, Ozone Y, Morishita Y, Matsui H, Loew N, Motosuke M, Mukaimoto T, Kobayashi M, Mitsuhara T, Sugita Y, Matsuo K, Yanagita S, Suzuki T, Mikawa T, Watanabe H, Itagaki M. Air-Bubble-Insensitive Microfluidic Lactate Biosensor for Continuous Monitoring of Lactate in Sweat. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2368-2374. [PMID: 37216270 PMCID: PMC10294251 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a lactate sensor with a microchannel that overcomes the issue of air bubbles interfering with the measurement of lactate levels in sweat and to evaluate its potential for continuous monitoring of lactate in sweat. To achieve continuous monitoring of lactate, a microchannel was used to supply and drain sweat from the electrodes of the lactate sensor. A lactate sensor was then developed with a microchannel that has an area specifically designed to trap air bubbles and prevent them from contacting the electrode. The sensor was evaluated by a person while exercising to test its effectiveness in monitoring lactate in sweat and its correlation with blood lactate levels. Furthermore, the lactate sensor with a microchannel in this study can be worn on the body for a long time and is expected to be used for the continuous monitoring of lactate in sweat. The developed lactate sensor with a microchannel effectively prevented air bubbles from interfering with the measurement of lactate levels in sweat. The sensor showed a concentration correlation ranging from 1 to 50 mM and demonstrated a correlation between lactate in sweat and blood. Additionally, the lactate sensor with a microchannel in this study can be worn on the body for an extended period and is expected to be useful for the continuous monitoring of lactate in sweat, particularly in the fields of medicine and sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Shitanda
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuro Ozone
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Morishita
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Research
Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata
University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Noya Loew
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Motosuke
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukaimoto
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Institute
of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo University of
Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taketo Mitsuhara
- Department
of Globe Fire Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yamato Sugita
- Department
of Globe Fire Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kensuke Matsuo
- Department
of Globe Fire Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Yanagita
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Institute
of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo University of
Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Suzuki
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mikawa
- RIKEN
Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Watanabe
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itagaki
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
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9
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Duanmu L, Yu Y, Meng X. Microdroplet PCR in Microfluidic Chip Based on Constant Pressure Regulation. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1257. [PMID: 37374842 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
A device and method for the constant pressure regulation of microdroplet PCR in microfluidic chips are developed to optimize for the microdroplet movement, fragmentation, and bubble generation in microfluidic chips. In the developed device, an air source device is adopted to regulate the pressure in the chip, such that microdroplet generation and PCR amplification without bubbles can be achieved. In 3 min, the sample in 20 μL will be distributed into nearly 50,000 water-in-oil droplets exhibiting a diameter of about 87 μm, and the microdroplet will be subjected to a close arrangement in the chip without air bubbles. The device and chip are adopted to quantitatively detect human genes. As indicated by the experimental results, a good linear relationship exists between the detection signal and DNA concentration ranging from 101 to 105 copies/μL (R2 = 0.999). The microdroplet PCR devices based on constant pressure regulation chips exhibit a wide variety of advantages (e.g., achieving high pollution resistance, microdroplet fragmentation and integration avoidance, reducing human interference, and standardizing results). Thus, microdroplet PCR devices based on constant pressure regulation chips have promising applications for nucleic acid quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Duanmu
- School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yuanhua Yu
- School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangkai Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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10
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Li Z, Wang Y, Gao Z, Sekine S, You Q, Zhuang S, Zhang D, Feng S, Yamaguchi Y. Lower fluidic resistance of double-layer droplet continuous flow PCR microfluidic chip for rapid detection of bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:340995. [PMID: 36925286 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid diagnosis of harmful microorganisms demonstrated its great importance for social health. Continuous flow PCR (CF-PCR) can realize rapid amplification of target genes by placing the microfluidic chip on heaters with different temperature. However, bubbles and evaporation always arise from heating, which makes the amplification not stable. Water-in-oil droplets running in CF-PCR microfluidic chip with uniform height takes long time because of the high resistance induced by long meandering microchannel. To overcome those drawbacks, we proposed a double-layer droplet CF-PCR microfluidic chip to reduce the fluidic resistance, and meanwhile nanoliter droplets were generated to minimize the bubbles and evaporation. RESULTS Experiments showed that (1) fluidic resistance could be reduced with the increase of the height of the serpentine microchannel if the height of the T-junction part was certain. (2) Running speed, the size and the number of generated droplets were positively correlated with the cross-sectional area of the T-junction and water pressure. (3) Droplet fusion happened at higher water pressure if other experimental conditions were the same. (4) 0.032 nL droplet was created if the cross-sectional area of T-junction and water pressure were 1600 μm2 (40 × 40 μm) and 7 kPa, respectively. Finally, we successfully amplified the target genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis within 11'16″ and observed the fluorescence from droplets. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Such a microfluidic chip can effectively reduce the high resistance induced by long meandering microchannel, and greatly save time required for droplets CF-PCR. It offers a new way for the rapid detection of bacterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zehang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Qingxiang You
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Yoshinori Yamaguchi
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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11
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Dos-Reis-Delgado AA, Carmona-Dominguez A, Sosa-Avalos G, Jimenez-Saaib IH, Villegas-Cantu KE, Gallo-Villanueva RC, Perez-Gonzalez VH. Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:268-297. [PMID: 36205631 PMCID: PMC10092670 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a critical-yet sometimes overlooked-parameter in microfluidics. Microfluidic devices can experience heating inside their channels during operation due to underlying physicochemical phenomena occurring therein. Such heating, whether required or not, must be monitored to ensure adequate device operation. Therefore, different techniques have been developed to measure and control temperature in microfluidic devices. In this contribution, the operating principles and applications of these techniques are reviewed. Temperature-monitoring instruments revised herein include thermocouples, thermistors, and custom-built temperature sensors. Of these, thermocouples exhibit the widest operating range; thermistors feature the highest accuracy; and custom-built temperature sensors demonstrate the best transduction. On the other hand, temperature control methods can be classified as external- or integrated-methods. Within the external methods, microheaters are shown to be the most adequate when working with biological samples, whereas Peltier elements are most useful in applications that require the development of temperature gradients. In contrast, integrated methods are based on chemical and physical properties, structural arrangements, which are characterized by their low fabrication cost and a wide range of applications. The potential integration of these platforms with the Internet of Things technology is discussed as a potential new trend in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerardo Sosa-Avalos
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | - Ivan H Jimenez-Saaib
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | - Karen E Villegas-Cantu
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor H Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
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12
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Zhao X, Ma C, Park DS, Soper SA, Murphy MC. Air bubble removal: Wettability contrast enabled microfluidic interconnects. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 361:131687. [PMID: 35611132 PMCID: PMC9124586 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.131687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of air bubbles boosts the shear resistance and causes pressure fluctuation within fluid-perfused microchannels, resulting in possible cell damage and even malfunction of microfluidic devices. Eliminating air bubbles is especially challenging in microscale where the adhesive surface tension force is often dominant over other forces. Here, we present an air bubble removal strategy from a novel surface engineering perspective. A microfluidic port-to-port interconnect was fabricated by modifying the peripheral of the microfluidic ports superhydrophobic, while maintaining the inner polymer microchannels hydrophilic. Such a sharp wettability contrast enabled a preferential fluidic entrance into the easy-wetting microchannels over the non-wetting boundaries of the microfluidic ports, while simultaneously filtering out any incoming air bubbles owing to the existence of port-to-port gaps. This bubble-eliminating capability was consistently demonstrated at varying flow rates and liquid analytes. Compared to equipment-intensive techniques and porous membrane-venting strategies, our wettability contrast-governed strategy provides a simple yet effective route for eliminating air bubbles and simultaneously sealing microfluidic interconnects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China
- Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Chenbo Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Daniel S. Park
- Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Michael C. Murphy
- Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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13
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Lin YH, Liao XJ, Chang W, Chiou CC. Ultrafast DNA Amplification Using Microchannel Flow-Through PCR Device. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050303. [PMID: 35624604 PMCID: PMC9138433 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is limited by the long reaction time for point-of-care. Currently, commercial benchtop rapid PCR requires 30−40 min, and this time is limited by the absence of rapid and stable heating and cooling platforms rather than the biochemical reaction kinetics. This study develops an ultrafast PCR (<3 min) platform using flow-through microchannel chips. An actin gene amplicon with a length of 151 base-pairs in the whole genome was used to verify the ultrafast PCR microfluidic chip. The results demonstrated that the channel of 56 μm height can provide fast heat conduction and the channel length should not be short. Under certain denaturation and annealing/extension times, a short channel design will cause the sample to drive slowly in the microchannel with insufficient pressure in the channel, causing the fluid to generate bubbles in the high-temperature zone and subsequently destabilizing the flow. The chips used in the experiment can complete 40 thermal cycles within 160 s through a design with the 56 µm channel height and with each thermal circle measuring 4 cm long. The calculation shows that the DNA extension speed is ~60 base-pairs/s, which is consistent with the theoretical speed of the Klen Taq extension used, and the detection limit can reach 67 copies. The heat transfer time of the reagent on this platform is very short. The simple chip design and fabrication are suitable for the development of commercial ultrafast PCR chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Heng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Xiang-Jun Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Wei Chang
- Master and PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chiuan-Chian Chiou
- Master and PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (C.-C.C.)
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14
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Numerical Investigation of Design and Operating Parameters of Thermal Gradient Continuous-Flow PCR Microreactor Using One Heater. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To respond to the dire need for miniaturization and process simplification of continuous-flow PCR (CF-PCR) device, this paper represents design and operation guide of a novel metal alloy assisted hybrid microdevice (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass) for CF-PCR employing one heater. In this research, the specific objectives are to determine whether one heater chip design will be flexible enough when the size of DNA base pair is varied and to investigate whether one heater CF-PCR device will be able to resolve the longstanding problem of thermal crosstalk. Furthermore, the parametric study is performed to determine which of the fourteen parameters have the greatest impact on the performance of one heater CF-PCR device. The main objective of this parametric study is to distinguish between the parameters that are either critical to the chip performance or can be freely specified. It is found that substrate thickness, flow rate, channel spacing, aspect ratio, channel pass length and external heat transfer coefficient are the most limiting parameters that can either improve or deteriorate the chip’s thermal performance. Overall, the impact of design and operating parameters are observed to be least on thermocycling profile at low Reynolds number (≤0.37 Re). However, in addition to the primary metric advantages of CF-PCR, one heater chip design helps in minimizing the thermal crosstalk effects by a factor of 4 in comparison to dual heater PCR while still maintaining a critical criteria of chip flexibility in terms of handling various sizes of DNA fragments. Hence, the proposed scheme paves the way for low-cost point-of-care diagnostics, system integration, and device miniaturization, realizing a portable microfluidic device applicable for on-site and direct field uses.
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15
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Lee SH, Jun BH. Advances in dynamic microphysiological organ-on-a-chip: Design principle and its biomedical application. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Lee SH, Song J, Cho B, Hong S, Hoxha O, Kang T, Kim D, Lee LP. Bubble-free rapid microfluidic PCR. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:725-733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Saito M, Takahashi K, Kiriyama Y, Espulgar WV, Aso H, Sekiya T, Tanaka Y, Sawazumi T, Furui S, Tamiya E. Centrifugation-Controlled Thermal Convection and Its Application to Rapid Microfluidic Polymerase Chain Reaction Devices. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12797-12804. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Saito
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1,
Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1,
Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kiriyama
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1,
Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wilfred Villariza Espulgar
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1,
Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aso
- Konica Minolta, Inc., JP Tower,
2-7-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-7015, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Sekiya
- Konica Minolta, Inc., JP Tower,
2-7-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-7015, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Konica Minolta, Inc., JP Tower,
2-7-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-7015, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Sawazumi
- Konica Minolta, Inc., JP Tower,
2-7-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-7015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furui
- Food
Entomology Unit, Food Research Institute, NARO, 2-1-12, Kannondai,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1,
Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Parra M, Jung J, Boone TD, Tran L, Blaber EA, Brown M, Chin M, Chinn T, Cohen J, Doebler R, Hoang D, Hyde E, Lera M, Luzod LT, Mallinson M, Marcu O, Mohamedaly Y, Ricco AJ, Rubins K, Sgarlato GD, Talavera RO, Tong P, Uribe E, Williams J, Wu D, Yousuf R, Richey CS, Schonfeld J, Almeida EAC. Microgravity validation of a novel system for RNA isolation and multiplex quantitative real time PCR analysis of gene expression on the International Space Station. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183480. [PMID: 28877184 PMCID: PMC5587110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory is dedicated to studying the effects of space on life and physical systems, and to developing new science and technologies for space exploration. A key aspect of achieving these goals is to operate the ISS National Lab more like an Earth-based laboratory, conducting complex end-to-end experimentation, not limited to simple microgravity exposure. Towards that end NASA developed a novel suite of molecular biology laboratory tools, reagents, and methods, named WetLab-2, uniquely designed to operate in microgravity, and to process biological samples for real-time gene expression analysis on-orbit. This includes a novel fluidic RNA Sample Preparation Module and fluid transfer devices, all-in-one lyophilized PCR assays, centrifuge, and a real-time PCR thermal cycler. Here we describe the results from the WetLab-2 validation experiments conducted in microgravity during ISS increment 47/SPX-8. Specifically, quantitative PCR was performed on a concentration series of DNA calibration standards, and Reverse Transcriptase-quantitative PCR was conducted on RNA extracted and purified on-orbit from frozen Escherichia coli and mouse liver tissue. Cycle threshold (Ct) values and PCR efficiencies obtained on-orbit from DNA standards were similar to Earth (1 g) controls. Also, on-orbit multiplex analysis of gene expression from bacterial cells and mammalian tissue RNA samples was successfully conducted in about 3 h, with data transmitted within 2 h of experiment completion. Thermal cycling in microgravity resulted in the trapping of gas bubbles inside septa cap assay tubes, causing small but measurable increases in Ct curve noise and variability. Bubble formation was successfully suppressed in a rapid follow-up on-orbit experiment using standard caps to pressurize PCR tubes and reduce gas release during heating cycles. The WetLab-2 facility now provides a novel operational on-orbit research capability for molecular biology and demonstrates the feasibility of more complex wet bench experiments in the ISS National Lab environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Parra
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Jimmy Jung
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- KBRWyle, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Travis D. Boone
- Office of the Director, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Millenium Engineering & Integration Co, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Luan Tran
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- KBRWyle, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Blaber
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Brown
- Applications Development, Claremont Biosolutions, Upland, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Chin
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Millenium Engineering & Integration Co, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Tori Chinn
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Millenium Engineering & Integration Co, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Jacob Cohen
- Office of the Director, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Doebler
- Applications Development, Claremont Biosolutions, Upland, California, United States of America
| | - Dzung Hoang
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Millenium Engineering & Integration Co, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Hyde
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Millenium Engineering & Integration Co, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Lera
- KBRWyle, Mountain View, California, United States of America
- Flight Systems Implementation Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Louie T. Luzod
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Mallinson
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Oana Marcu
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- KBRWyle, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Youssef Mohamedaly
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Millenium Engineering & Integration Co, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Antonio J. Ricco
- Mission Design Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Rubins
- NASA Astronaut Corps, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Sgarlato
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- KBRWyle, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Rafael O. Talavera
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Millenium Engineering & Integration Co, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Tong
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- Millenium Engineering & Integration Co, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Eddie Uribe
- Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Williams
- NASA Astronaut Corps, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Diana Wu
- KBRWyle, Mountain View, California, United States of America
- Mission Design Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Rukhsana Yousuf
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- KBRWyle, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Richey
- Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Schonfeld
- Engineering Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo A. C. Almeida
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Pires NMM, Berntzen L, Lonningdal T. Profiling a multiplex short tandem repeat loci from human urine with use of low cost on-site technology for verification of sample authenticity. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:3441-3444. [PMID: 29060637 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the development of a sophisticated technique via STR typing to unequivocally verify the authenticity of urine samples before sent to laboratories. STR profiling was conducted with the CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01 Multiplex System coupled with a smartphone-based detection method. The promising capability of the method to identify distinct STR profiles from urine of different persons opens the possibility to conduct sample authenticity tests. On-site STR profiling could be realized with a self-contained autonomous device with an integrated PCR microchip shown hereby.
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20
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Hase T, Ishigaki S, Shibusawa K, Hamanaka S, Yabuki Y, Tamano Y, Tsukada K. Immobilized Monolayer Nanoparticles in a Microfluidic Device for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Measurement. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.6.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hase
- Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Soichiro Ishigaki
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Kazuki Shibusawa
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Sakuya Hamanaka
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Yuki Yabuki
- Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Yuki Tamano
- Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Kosuke Tsukada
- Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University
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21
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Development of an on-site rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction system and the characterization of suitable DNA polymerases for TaqMan probe technology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5641-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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On-chip quantitative detection of pathogen genes by autonomous microfluidic PCR platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Furutani S, Naruishi N, Saito M, Tamiya E, Fuchiwaki Y, Nagai H. Rapid and highly sensitive detection by a real-time polymerase chain reaction using a chip coated with its reagents. ANAL SCI 2015; 30:569-74. [PMID: 24813955 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
On-site detection by flow-through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microfluidic systems for rapid and highly sensitive analysis, are significantly desired for bioanalytical and medical research. The conventional continuous-flow PCR chips realized rapid detection, but their sensitivity was very low (10(6) to 10(8) copies μL(-1)). We improved this drawback by coating the chip with a PCR reagents mixture, and succeed to obtain a rapid and highly sensitive detection by using a segment-flow PCR system. In the present work, we developed a portable segment-flow PCR system for practical use. PCR was performed for the uid A gene in E. coli. By real-time segment-flow PCR using coated chips, we realized rapid detection in 8 min and a high sensitivity of 4 cells μL(-1). The sensitivity by the segment-flow PCR chip was the same as that of a conventional thermal cycler. Moreover, the detection speed of our segment-flow PCR chip was 15-times as rapid as that of the conventional thermal cycler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Furutani
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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24
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Chen JJ, Liao MH, Li KT, Shen CM. One-heater flow-through polymerase chain reaction device by heat pipes cooling. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014107. [PMID: 25713689 PMCID: PMC4304955 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a novel microfluidic reactor capable of flow-through polymerase chain reactions (PCR). For one-heater PCR devices in previous studies, comprehensive simulations and experiments for the chip geometry and the heater arrangement were usually needed before the fabrication of the device. In order to improve the flexibility of the one-heater PCR device, two heat pipes with one fan are used to create the requisite temperature regions in our device. With the integration of one heater onto the chip, the high temperature required for the denaturation stage can be generated at the chip center. By arranging the heat pipes on the opposite sides of the chip, the low temperature needed for the annealing stage is easy to regulate. Numerical calculations and thermal measurements have shown that the temperature distribution in the five-temperature-region PCR chip would be suitable for DNA amplification. In order to ensure temperature uniformity at specific reaction regions, the Re of the sample flow is less than 1. When the microchannel width increases and then decreases gradually between the denaturation and annealing regions, the extension region located in the enlarged part of the channel can be observed numerically and experimentally. From the simulations, the residence time at the extension region with the enlarged channel is 4.25 times longer than that without an enlarged channel at a flow rate of 2 μl/min. The treated surfaces of the flow-through microchannel are characterized using the water contact angle, while the effects of the hydrophilicity of the treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels on PCR efficiency are determined using gel electrophoresis. By increasing the hydrophilicity of the channel surface after immersing the PDMS substrates into Tween 20 (20%) or BSA (1 mg/ml) solutions, efficient amplifications of DNA segments were proved to occur in our chip device. To our knowledge, our group is the first to introduce heat pipes into the cooling module that has been designed for a PCR device. The unique architecture utilized in this flow-through PCR device is well applied to a low-cost PCR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Jian Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ming Huei Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Kun Tze Li
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chia Ming Shen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology , 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Wu W, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Flow-through polymerase chain reaction inside a seamless 3D helical microreactor fabricated utilizing a silicone tube and a paraffin mold. Analyst 2015; 140:1416-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Seamless 3D helical silicone tube microreactors were fabricated for performing flow-through PCR employing a single hot plate and a portable micropump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
| | | | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute
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Santiago-Felipe S, Tortajada-Genaro LA, Morais S, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Isothermal DNA amplification strategies for duplex microorganism detection. Food Chem 2014; 174:509-15. [PMID: 25529713 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A valid solution for micro-analytical systems is the selection of a compatible amplification reaction with a simple, highly-integrated efficient design that allows the detection of multiple genomic targets. Two approaches under isothermal conditions are presented: recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and multiple displacement amplification (MDA). Both methods were applied to a duplex assay specific for Salmonella spp. and Cronobacter spp., with excellent amplification yields (0.2-8.6 · 10(8) fold). The proposed approaches were successfully compared to conventional PCR and tested for the milk sample analysis as a microarray format on a compact disc (support and driver). Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of resistance to inhibition, selectivity, sensitivity (10(1)-10(2)CFU/mL) and reproducibility (below 12.5%). The methods studied are efficient and cost-effective, with a high potential to automate microorganisms detection by integrated analytical systems working at a constant low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santiago-Felipe
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) - Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Antonio Tortajada-Genaro
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) - Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Morais
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) - Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) - Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) - Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Study of a liquid plug-flow thermal cycling technique using a temperature gradient-based actuator. SENSORS 2014; 14:20235-44. [PMID: 25350508 PMCID: PMC4279479 DOI: 10.3390/s141120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Easy-to-use thermal cycling for performing rapid and small-volume DNA amplification on a single chip has attracted great interest in the area of rapid field detection of biological agents. For this purpose, as a more practical alternative to conventional continuous flow thermal cycling, liquid plug-flow thermal cycling utilizes a thermal gradient generated in a serpentine rectangular flow microchannel as an actuator. The transit time and flow speed of the plug flow varied drastically in each temperature zone due to the difference in the tension at the interface between temperature gradients. According to thermal distribution analyses in microfluidics, the plug flow allowed for a slow heating process, but a fast cooling process. The thermal cycle of the microfluid was consistent with the recommended temperature gradient for PCR. Indeed, amplification efficiency of the plug flow was superior to continuous flow PCR, and provided an impressive improvement over previously-reported flow microchannel thermal cycling techniques.
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Chen JJ, Shen CM, Ko YW. Analytical study of a microfludic DNA amplification chip using water cooling effect. Biomed Microdevices 2013. [PMID: 23179465 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chip has been analyzed in our work. Two temperature zones are controlled by two external controllers and the other temperature zone at the chip center is controlled by the flow rate of the fluid inside a channel under the glass chip. By employing a water cooling channel at the chip center, the sequence of denaturation, annealing, and extension can be created due to the forced convection effect. The required annealing temperature of PCR less than 313 K can also be demonstrated in this chip. The Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cooling channel with the thin aluminum cover is utilized to enhance the temperature uniformity. The size of this chip is 76 mm × 26 mm × 3 mm. This device represents the first demonstration of water cooling thermocycling within continuous-flow PCR microfluidics. The commercial software CFD-ACE+(TM) is utilized to determine the distances between the heating assemblies within the chip. We investigate the influences of various chip materials, operational parameters of the cooling channel and geometric parameters of the chip on the temperature uniformity on the chip surface. Concerning the temperature uniformity of the working zones and the lowest temperature at the annealing zone, the air gap spacing of 1 mm and the cooling channel thicknesses of 1 mm of the PMMA channel with an aluminum cover are recommended in our design. The hydrophobic surface of the PDMS channel was modified by filling it with 20 % Tween 20 solution and then adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution to the PCR mixture. DNA fragments with different lengths (372 bp and 478 bp) are successfully amplified with the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Jian Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Nagatani N, Yamanaka K, Ushijima H, Koketsu R, Sasaki T, Ikuta K, Saito M, Miyahara T, Tamiya E. Detection of influenza virus using a lateral flow immunoassay for amplified DNA by a microfluidic RT-PCR chip. Analyst 2012; 137:3422-6. [PMID: 22354200 DOI: 10.1039/c2an16294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus RNA was amplified by a continuous-flow polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic RT-PCR chip within 15-20 min. The amplified influenza virus RNA was observed with the naked eye, as the red color at the test line, using a lateral flow immunoassay within 1 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nagatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, Okayama-shi 700-0005, Japan.
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31
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Fuchiwaki Y, Nagai H, Saito M, Tamiya E. Study of DNA Amplification Efficiency Based on Temperature Analyses of the Moving Fluid in a Liquid-Plug Flow PCR System. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Fuchiwaki Y, Nagai H, Saito M, Tamiya E. Ultra-rapid flow-through polymerase chain reaction microfluidics using vapor pressure. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 27:88-94. [PMID: 21778045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel flow-through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microfluidic system using vapor pressure was developed that can achieve ultra-rapid, small-volume DNA amplification on a chip. The 40-cycle amplification can be completed in as little as 120 s, making this device the fastest PCR system in the world. The chip device is made of a pressure-sensitive polyolefin (PSP) film and cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) substrate which was processed by cutting-work to fabricate the microchannel. The enclosed structure of the microchannel was fabricated solely by weighing the PSP film on the COP substrate, resulting in superior practical application. The vapor pressure in the denaturation zone of the destabilizing flow source was applied to the flow force, and ultra-rapid, efficient amplification was accomplished with a minimal amount of PCR reagents for detection. The flowing rhythm created by vapor pressure minimized the residual PCR products, leading to highly efficient amplification. For field test analysis, airborne dust was collected from a public place and tested for the presence of anthrax. The PCR chip had sufficient sensitivity for anthrax identification. The fastest time from aerosol sampling to detection was theoretically estimated as 8 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fuchiwaki
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan.
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Liu C, Thompson JA, Bau HH. A membrane-based, high-efficiency, microfluidic debubbler. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1688-93. [PMID: 21445396 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In many lab-on-chip applications, it is necessary to remove bubbles from the flow stream. Existing bubble removal strategies have various drawbacks such as low degassing efficiency, long degassing time, large dead volumes, sensitivity to surfactants, and the need for an external vacuum or pressure source. We report on a novel, simple, robust, passive, nozzle-type, membrane-based debubbler that can be readily incorporated into microfluidic devices for rapid degassing. The debubbler is particularly suitable to operate with microfluidic systems made with plastic. The debubbler consists of a hydrophobic, porous membrane that resembles a normally closed valve, which is forced open by the working fluid's pressure. To illustrate the operation of the debubbler, we describe its use in the context of a chip containing a bead array for immunoassays. Our debubbler was able to completely filter gas bubbles out of a segmented flow at rates up to 60 µl s(-1) mm(-2) of membrane area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, 229 Towne Building, 220 S. 33rd St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6315, USA
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Yamanaka K, Saito M, Kondoh K, Hossain MM, Koketsu R, Sasaki T, Nagatani N, Ikuta K, Tamiya E. Rapid detection for primary screening of influenza A virus: microfluidic RT-PCR chip and electrochemical DNA sensor. Analyst 2011; 136:2064-8. [PMID: 21442100 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and definitive diagnosis is critical to the prevention of the spread of endemic human pathogenic viruses. Detection of variant specific genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has become a routine diagnostic test for accurate subtyping of RNA viruses, such as influenza. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a continuous-flow polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic RT-PCR chip and disposable electrical printed (DEP) chips for rapid amplification and sensing of new influenza (AH1pdm) virus of swine-origin. The RT-PCR chip consisted of four zones: RT reaction zone, initial denaturation zone, thermal cycle zone for PCR (2-step PCR) and pressurizing-channel zone for preventing air-bubble formation. In order to measure electrochemical signals, methylene blue (MB), an electro-active DNA intercalator, was added to the RT-PCR mixture. The RT-PCR was completed within 15 min which was the total flow-through time from the inlet to the outlet, and the reduction signals from amplifications could be detected quickly on the DEP chip. The MB reduction current on the DEP chip with the amplicon significantly reduced compared to non-amplified controls. This microfluidic platform for rapid RT-PCR and the DEP chip for quick electrochemical sensing are suitable for integration, and have the potential to be a portable system for diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Yamanaka
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
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FUCHIWAKI Y, SAITO M, WAKIDA SI, TAMIYA E, NAGAI H. A Practical Liquid Plug Flow-through Polymerase Chain-Reaction System Based on a Heat-Resistant Resin Chip. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:225-30. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke FUCHIWAKI
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Masato SAITO
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Shin-ichi WAKIDA
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Eiichi TAMIYA
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Hidenori NAGAI
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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36
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Zheng W, Wang Z, Zhang W, Jiang X. A simple PDMS-based microfluidic channel design that removes bubbles for long-term on-chip culture of mammalian cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2906-10. [PMID: 20844778 DOI: 10.1039/c005274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This report shows methods to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic systems for long-term (up to 10 day) cell culture. Undesired bubble accumulation in microfluidic channels abruptly changes the microenvironment of adherent cells and leads to the damage and death of cells. Existing bubble trapping approaches have drawbacks such as the need to pause fluid flow, requirement for external vacuum or pressure source, and possible cytotoxicity. This study reports two kinds of integrated bubble trap (IBT) which have excellent properties, including simplicity in structure, ease in fabrication, no interference with the flow, and long-term stability. IBT-A provides the simplest solution to prevent bubbles from entering microfluidic channels. In situ time-lapse imaging experiments indicate that IBT-B is an excellent device both for bubble trapping and debubbling in cell-loaded microfluidics. MC 3T3 E1 cells, cultured in a long and curved microfluidic channel equipped with IBT-B, showed high viability and active proliferation after 10 days of continuous fluid flow. The comprehensive measures taken in our experiments have led to successful long-term, bubble-free, on-chip culture of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience & Technology, 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, China
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