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Thallapalli AKG, Manda RM. Development and validation of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin simultaneous estimation in rat plasma using freezing lipid precipitation and SCX-SPE assisted HPLC-MS/MS method and its application in pharmacokinetic studies. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:185-198. [PMID: 37921942 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
A quick and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was designed, improved, and validated for simultaneous determination of Empagliflozin (EPG) and Linagliptin (LNG) using Empagliflozin-d4 (EPG-d4) and linagliptin-d4 (LNG-d4) as internal standards (IS) in rat plasma. Target analytes and the IS were extracted using freezing lipid precipitation (FLP) and optimized using the strong cation exchange solid phase extraction (SCX-SPE) method to achieve the maximum sample clean-up. In particular, when combined with SPE clean-up, FLP can efficiently eliminate the plasma sample's high lipid content. More than 84.14% of plasma lipids were rapidly removed during the FLP procedure, with minimal loss of EPG and LNG. We used LC-atmospheric chemical ionization (APCI)-mass spectrometry was employed to assess the efficiency of FLP in lipid removal. The SCX-SPE cartridges removed the remaining impurities from EPG and LNG, allowing for further purification. The samples were chromatographically separated using a Spherisorb RP/Cyano column by pumping a gradient mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and 25 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 8.1) in positive ion mode at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The selected reaction monitoring technique was performed using a Waters triple-stage quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The chromatographic separation was accomplished using a Waters Acquity® high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Mass transition (m/z) of 451.15/71.12 for EPG, m/z 473.27/419.94 for LNG; m/z 455.19/71.12 for EPG-d4, and 477.27/423.94 for LNG-d4 was successfully achieved. This study successfully examined the concentration ranges of 25-1050 ng/mL for EPG and 0.35-15 ng/mL for LNG. The results showed that the linearity of EPG ranged from 25.14 to 985.26 ng/mL, while the linearity of LNG ranged from 0.59 to 14.86 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for both EPG and LNG, within and between days, were below 3.83%, indicating that they fall within acceptable limits. This novel approach demonstrated favourable outcomes in a pharmacokinetic study involving healthy rats, where EPG and LNG were co-administered. This study found that the co-administration of both drugs did not have a significant impact on their pharmacokinetic behavior, suggesting the absence of any drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Goud Thallapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, 500088, Telangana, India
| | - Ram Mohan Manda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, 500088, Telangana, India.
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2
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Wang LJ, Xi W, Yuan XL, Yang XH. Rapid Determination of Dapagliflozin in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:846-851. [PMID: 37793851 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Dapagliflozin (DAPA), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is used to treat Type 2 diabetes. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective analytical method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was established and validated for the determination of DAPA in rat plasma. The separation of DAPA and internal standard (DAPA-d5) were performed on a reversed-phase ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 column (100 × 3.0 mm, 1.7 µm). The mobile phase is composed of 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B) in gradient elution. Under the negative ion mode, full MS/dd-MS2 was adopted to collect data via Q-Orbitrap. DAPA was effectively separated from matrix backgrounds within 10 min, and DAPA in plasma showed a good linear relationship in the range of 10-10000 µg/L. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9987, and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 10 µg/L. The precision and accuracy were all less than 10%, and the extraction recovery of DAPA was 86.16-96.06% from plasma. This study offered an efficient separation and quantification method for DAPA. The improved and validated method succeeded in evaluating the pharmacokinetics of DAPA in rat plasma samples after a single oral administration of 1 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hai'an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University
| | - Wei Xi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hai'an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University
| | - Xiao-Lan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hai'an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University
| | - Xiao-Hua Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hai'an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University
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Spandana T, Goli VV, Gurupadayya B. In vitro study and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sitagliptin phosphate enantiomers in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1033-1047. [PMID: 37431826 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A chiral HPLC technique was developed to determine sitagliptin phosphate enantiomers in rat plasma in compliance with US FDA regulations. Methods & results: The technique used a Phenomenex column with a mobile phase consisting of a 60:35:5 (v/v/v) blend of pH4, 10-mM ammonium acetate buffer, methanol and 0.1% formic acid in Millipore water. The precision for both (R) and (S) sitagliptin phosphate varied between 0.246 and 1.246%, while the accuracy was 99.6-100.1%. A glucose uptake assay was used to assess enantiomers in 3T3-L1 cell lines through flow cytometry. Conclusion: Investigation of the pharmacokinetic impacts of sitagliptin phosphate racemic enantiomers in rat plasma revealed notable contrasts in R and S enantiomers in female albino Wistar rats, suggesting enantioselectivity for sitagliptin phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatineni Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
| | - Veera Vn Goli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
| | - Bannimath Gurupadayya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
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Stamou P, Parla A, Kabir A, Furton KG, Gennimata D, Samanidou V, Panderi I. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with fabric phase sorptive extraction for therapeutic drug monitoring of pioglitazone, repaglinide, and nateglinide in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1217:123628. [PMID: 36801529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Polypharmacy in type 2 diabetes is an issue of major concern as the prescription of multiple medi-cations for the management of diabetes-associated comorbidities can lead to drug-to-drug interactions, which can pose serious risks to patients' health. Within this context, the development of bioanalytical methods for monitoring the therapeutic levels of antidiabetic drugs is notably useful to ensure patients' safety. In the present work, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of pioglitazone, repaglinide, and nateglinide in human plasma is described. Sample preparation was performed by fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE), and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was implemented for the chromatographic separation of the analytes, using a ZIC®-cHILIC analytical column (150 × 2.1 mm, 3 µm) under isocratic elution. The mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium formate aqueous solution (pH = 6.5)/ acetonitrile, 10/90 v/v, and was pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min-1. Design of Experiments was used during the development of the sample preparation method to gain deeper insight into the effect of various experimental parameters on extraction efficiency, their potential interactions and to optimize the recovery rates of the analytes. The linearity of the assay was assessed over the ranges of 25 to 2000, 6.25 to 500, and 125 to 10000 ng mL-1 for pioglitazone, repaglinide, and nateglinide, respectively. The presented method was fully validated and can be used for the therapeutic monitoring of the targeted analytes in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Stamou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Parla
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami 33199 FL, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami 33199 FL, USA
| | - Dimitra Gennimata
- Athens General Hospital "Korgialenio-Benakio National Red Cross" Erithrou Stavrou 1, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irene Panderi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece.
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Lee CH, Chen DY, Hsieh MJ, Hung KC, Huang SC, Cho CJ, Liu SJ. Nanofibrous insulin/vildagliptin core-shell PLGA scaffold promotes diabetic wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1075720. [PMID: 37168611 PMCID: PMC10164987 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1075720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Slow wound repair in diabetes is a serious adverse event that often results in loss of a limb or disability. An advanced and encouraging vehicle is wanted to enhance clinically applicable diabetic wound care. Nanofibrous insulin/vildagliptin core-shell biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds to prolong the effective drug delivery of vildagliptin and insulin for the repair of diabetic wounds were prepared. Methods: To fabricate core-shell nanofibrous membranes, vildagliptin mixture with PLGA, and insulin solution were pumped via separate pumps into two differently sized capillary tubes that were coaxially electrospun. Results and Discussion: Nanofibrous core-shell scaffolds slowly released effective vildagliptin and insulin over 2 weeks in vitro migration assay and in vivo wound-healing models. Water contact angle (68.3 ± 8.5° vs. 121.4 ± 2.0°, p = 0.006) and peaked water absorbent capacity (376% ± 9% vs. 283% ± 24%, p = 0.003) of the insulin/vildagliptin core-shell nanofibrous membranes remarkably exceeded those of a control group. The insulin/vildagliptin-loaded core-shell nanofibers improved endothelial progenitor cells migration in vitro (762 ± 77 cells/mm2 vs. 424.4 ± 23 cells/mm2, p < 0.001), reduced the α-smooth muscle actin content in vivo (0.72 ± 0.23 vs. 2.07 ± 0.37, p < 0.001), and increased diabetic would recovery (1.9 ± 0.3 mm2 vs. 8.0 ± 1.4 mm2, p = 0.002). Core-shell insulin/vildagliptin-loaded nanofibers extend the drug delivery of insulin and vildagliptin and accelerate the repair of wounds associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chen-Hung Lee, ; Chia-Jung Cho, ; Shih-Jung Liu,
| | - Dong-Yi Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chun Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Cho
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chen-Hung Lee, ; Chia-Jung Cho, ; Shih-Jung Liu,
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chen-Hung Lee, ; Chia-Jung Cho, ; Shih-Jung Liu,
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Nanofibrous Vildagliptin/PLGA Membranes Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing by Angiogenesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111358. [PMID: 36355530 PMCID: PMC9696371 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) significantly enhances the wound closure rate in diabetic patients with chronic foot ulcers. DPP4 inhibitors are only prescribed for enteral, but topical administration, if feasible, to a wound would have more encouraging outcomes. Nanofibrous drug-eluting poly-D-L-lactide-glycolide (PLGA) membranes that sustainably release a high concentration of vildagliptin were prepared to accelerate wound healing in diabetes. Solutions of vildagliptin and PLGA in hexafluoroisopropanol were electrospun into nanofibrous biodegradable membranes. The concentration of the drug released in vitro from the vildagliptin-eluting PLGA membranes was evaluated, and it was found that effective bioactivity of vildagliptin can be discharged from the nanofibrous vildagliptin-eluting membranes for 30 days. Additionally, the electrospun nanofibrous PLGA membranes modified by blending with vildagliptin had smaller fiber diameters (336.0 ± 69.1 nm vs. 743.6 ± 334.3 nm, p < 0.001) and pore areas (3405 ± 1437 nm2 vs. 8826 ± 4906 nm2, p < 0.001), as well as a higher hydrophilicity value (95.2 ± 2.2° vs. 113.9 ± 4.9°, p = 0.004), and showed a better water-retention ability within 24 h compared with PLGA membranes. The vildagliptin-eluting PLGA membrane also enhanced the diabetic wound closure rate for two weeks (11.4 ± 3.0 vs. 18.7 ± 2.6 %, p < 0.001) and the level of the angiogenesis using CD31 expression (1.73 ± 0.39 vs. 0.45 ± 0.17 p = 0.006 for Western blot; 2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1, p < 0.001 for immunofluorescence). These results demonstrate that nanofibrous drug-eluting PLGA membranes loaded with vildagliptin are an effective agent for sustained drug release and, therefore, for accelerating cutaneous wound healing in the management of diabetic wounds.
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7
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Current analytical methods to monitor type 2 diabetes medication in biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Arbouche N, Raul JS, Kintz P. Development of a new LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 13 antidiabetic drugs in human hair. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1205:123335. [PMID: 35716545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral antidiabetics are the drugs used to control blood sugar in diabetic subjects. The greatest risk of using these drugs is hypoglycaemia, which can be fatal if managed inappropriately. The diagnosis of hypoglycemia may be simple in diabetic subjects but can become a challenge in subjects with no history of exposure to these drugs. The major interest of testing for these compounds in hair is in the case of unexpected hypoglycaemias, as it enables discrimination between hypoglycaemias caused by antidiabetics and other reasons (e.g. insulinoma). Therefore it is important for a toxicology laboratory to screen for antidiabetics in hair due to the large window of detection this matrix allows associated to its long stability over time. In this study, a method has been developed and validated using liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 13 oral antidiabetics in hair. After addition of three different internal standards (hydroxy-tolbutamide-d9 for sulfonylureas, repaglinide-ethyl-d5 for glinides and vildagliptin-d3 for gliptins) and incubation in an ultrasonic bath in methanol, the hair was dissolved in NaOH and then subjected to liquid-liquid extraction. The validation procedure demonstrated an acceptable linearity for all compounds between 1 and 50,000 pg/mg. LOD and LOQ were between 0.5 and 5 pg/mg and 1-10 pg/mg respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility were below 20 % at two concentrations for all the analytes. The method was successfully applied to the hair of 18 diabetic patients under treatment of oral antidiabetics. The hair tested positive for gliclazide (3-21,400 pg/mg), sitagliptin (1.4-1.8 pg/mg), vildagliptin (3.3 - 1,740 pg/mg) and repaglinide (14.1 pg/mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arbouche
- Institut de médecine légale, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Pascal Kintz
- Institut de médecine légale, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France; X-Pertise Consulting, 42 rue principale, 67206, Mittelhausbergen, France
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Kamal AH, Hammad MA, Kannouma RE, Mansour FR. Response surface optimization of a vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for highly sensitive determination of repaglinide in environmental water by HPLC/UV. BMC Chem 2022; 16:33. [PMID: 35568922 PMCID: PMC9107645 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, mated to chemometrics and combined with HPLC/UV detection was optimized and validated for enrichment and determination of repaglinide in environmental samples using nateglinide as an internal standard (IS). A phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 2.5): acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) was used as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 mL/min in an isocratic elution mode. Chemometrics-assisted optimization was performed using a quadratic integrated d-optimal design. The developed model assessed the statistical significance of the independent variables and their interactions to attain the optimum conditions revealing that extractant type, extractant volume and pH are the most influential factors. Optimization of the extraction procedures was performed with the aid of Design Expert 8® software, which suggested 58 different experiments. The optimal conditions were 30 µL of 1-octanol as extractant, 100 µL of acetonitrile as a disperser at pH 8. Under the optimized conditions, the method showed linearity over the range of 1–100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.4 ng/mL. The accuracy, the intra- and inter-day precision were assessed, the %recoveries were found to be between 98.48 and 100.81% with %RSD lower than 1.3. Using chemometrics in method optimization helped achieve the maximum possible enrichment with the least effort, time, and reagents while considering all possible interactions between variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira H Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hammad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Tanta, 32958, Egypt
| | - Reham E Kannouma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Tanta, 32958, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt. .,Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
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Arbouche N, Raul JS, Kintz P. Développement et validation d’une méthode de criblage et de dosage de 13 antidiabétiques oraux dans le sang par LC-MS/MS : application à des cas post-mortem. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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A Method for Assay of Losartan, Its Active Metabolite E-3174, and Glibenclamide in Human Serum and Urine by HPLC-MS/MS. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Mohamad AM, Andac CA, Andac SC. Cross Referencing 2D-LC Determination of Intact Gliptins in Urine. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 58:907-914. [PMID: 32875329 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, so-called gliptins, constitute a fairly novel class of oral hypoglycemic agents. The development and validation of an automated online SPE-LC-UV method to determine intact sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and metformin simultaneously in human urine samples were performed. For the two-dimensional chromatographic separation, a Gemini C18 (250.0 × 4.6 mm i.d., 110 A0, 5.0 μ) analytical column and a gradient elution with 10.0 mM o-phosphoric acid and methanol and for the online SPE analysis of urine samples, a LiChrospher® ADS SPE-column (20.0 mm × 2.0 mm i.d., 25.0 μm) were used through the study. The fractionation, transfer, elution and separation of the spiked urine samples were achieved in just 9.57 min runtime with 12.0 mL of solvent consumption which was green and economical compared to other sample preparation methods. The calibration curves were determined to be linear in a wide range of 0.10-100.00 μg/mL with satisfactory regression coefficients. Method developed for two-dimensional determination of gliptins would be useful as a reference in therapeutic drug monitoring and screening for forensic medical cases which involve the abuse, unintentional or misuse of multiple gliptins in terms of its practical use, easy detection and reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Mohamad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 7-1, Suleymaniye, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk A Andac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Topkapi Campus, Teyyareci Sami Street, No.3, 34010 Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sena Caglar Andac
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 7-1, Suleymaniye, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
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G KK, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P, Ammu V V V RK, Vishwanath K, Narenderan ST, Babu B, Krishnaveni N. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for pioglitazone: application towards pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study in rats. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11437-11443. [PMID: 35423625 PMCID: PMC8695949 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to measure pioglitazone (PGZ) concentrations in rat plasma and tissues. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using a YMC Pro C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3μ) with a mobile phase consisting of formic acid (0.1% v/v) and acetonitrile (5 : 95) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 and injection volume of 10 μL (IS: rosiglitazone). Mass spectrometric detection was done using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using the ESI interface operating in a positive ionization mode. The developed method was validated over a linearity range of 1–500 ng mL−1 with detection and a lower quantification limit of 0.5 ng mL−1 and 1 ng mL−1. The method accuracy ranged from 95.89–98.78% (inter-day) & 93.39–97.68% (intra-day) with a precision range of 6.09–8.12% for inter-day & 7.55–9.87% for intra-day, respectively. The PGZ shows the highest Cmax of 495.03 ng mL−1 in plasma and the lowest Cmax, 24.50 ± 2.71 ng mL−1 in bone. The maximum Tmax of 5.00 ± 0.49 h was observed in bone and a minimum of 1.01 ± 0.05 h in plasma. The AUC(0–24 h and 0–∞) values are highest in plasma (1056.58 ± 65.78 & 1069.38 ± 77.50 ng h−1 mL−1) and lowest in brain (166.93 ± 15.70 &167.12 ± 16.77 ng h−1 mL−1), and the T1/2 was highest in plasma (5.62 ± 0.74 h) and lowest in kidney (2.78 ± 0.19). The developed method was successfully used to measure the PGZ pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution. Further, the developed method could be utilized for validating target organ (adipose tissue) specific delivery of PGZ (nano-formulations) in addition to conventional dosage forms. The developed method was investigated for target and off-target distribution of pioglitazone and could be applied to validate the site-specific delivery systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Kumari G
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ravi Kiran Ammu V V V
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kurawattimath Vishwanath
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics-Toxicology Division, Sai Advantium Pharma Ltd. Pune 411 057 India
| | - S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nagappan Krishnaveni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
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Aguinaga Martínez MV, González N, Acebal CC, Domini CE. Coacervative microextraction with solidification of floating surfactant droplets for the determination of glibenclamide in environmental water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Vasconcelos I, da Silva PHR, Dias DRD, de Freitas Marques MB, da Nova Mussel W, Pedrosa TA, Ribeiro E Silva MES, de Souza Freitas RF, de Sousa RG, Fernandes C. Synthesis and characterization of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for solid-phase extraction of the antidiabetic gliclazide from human plasma. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111191. [PMID: 32806298 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea frequently prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients and for patients with chronic renal or hepatic diseases. Even though it is considered a safer alternative, the drug can provoke side effects in some patients, especially hypoglycemia, due to the high interindividual variability. Therefore, the quantification of gliclazide in biological samples is usually recommended in order to assure efficacy and safety of the pharmacotherapy. However, due to the complexity of biological matrices, therapeutic monitoring can be very challenging, especially in the sample preparation step. For that reason, the synthesis and characterization of a novel and selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was proposed to be employed as sorbent for the extraction of gliclazide from human plasma samples by a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) procedure. Synthesis conditions were optimized (monomer, crosslinker and porogen) and the polymer was characterized for its morphological, physicochemical and stability properties. The influence of drug concentration, solvent composition and pH on the coefficient of distribution (Kd) and imprinting factor (IF) were studied, as well as repeatability between batches and selectivity. A bioanalytical method was developed applying the developed MIP as sorbent in solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography using a Poroshell 120 C18 (100 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm) column, acetonitrile and 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 3.0 (50:50) at a flow-rate of 1.2 mL/min as mobile phase, temperature of 30 °C, injection volume of 40 μL and detection at 230 nm. The best reaction yield, extraction capacity, and selectivity was obtained using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA), ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and acetonitrile. The optimized MIP showed coefficient of distribution (Kd) of 59.85 μg/g, imprinting factor (IF) of 1.60, and selectivity for gliclazide and other sulfonylureas compared to possible concurrent drugs. The developed method by MISPE-HPLC-UV showed to be appropriate to determine gliclazide in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Reis da Silva
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Derick Rodrigues Davila Dias
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Betânia de Freitas Marques
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Wagner da Nova Mussel
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tércio Assunção Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear - CDTN, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Scarpelli Ribeiro E Silva
- Laboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernando de Souza Freitas
- Laboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Geraldo de Sousa
- Laboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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Bottinelli C, Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Guitton J. Is insulin intoxication still the perfect crime? Analysis and interpretation of postmortem insulin: review and perspectives in forensic toxicology. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:324-347. [PMID: 32458714 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1762540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is an anabolic hormone essential to glucose homeostasis. Insulin therapy, comprising human insulin (HI) or biosynthetic analogs, is critical for the management of type-1 diabetes and many of type-2 diabetes. However, medication error including non-adapted dose and confusion of insulin type, and misuse, such as massive self-administration or with criminal intent, can have lethal consequences. The aim of this paper is to review the state of knowledge of insulin analysis in biological samples and of the interpretation of insulin concentrations in the situation of insulin-related death investigations. Analytic aspects are considered, as quantification can be strongly impacted by methodology. Immunoanalysis, the historical technique, has a prominent role due to its sensitivity and ease of implementation. Recently, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has provided indispensable selectivity in forensic contexts, distinguishing HI, analogs, and degradation products. We review the numerous antemortem (dose, associated pathology, injection-to-death interval, etc.) and postmortem parameters (in corpore degradation, in vitro degradation related to hemolysis, etc.) involved in the interpretation of insulin concentration. The interest and limitations of various alternative matrices providing a valuable complement to blood analysis are discussed. Vitreous humor is one of the most interesting, but the low diffusion of insulin in this matrix entails very low concentrations. Injection site analysis is relevant for identifying which type of insulin was administered. Muscle and renal cortex are matrices of particular interest, although additional studies are required. A table containing most case reports of fatal insulin poisoning published, with analytical data, completes this review. A logic diagram is proposed to highlight analytical issues and the main parameters to be considered for the interpretation of blood concentrations. Finally, it remains a challenge to provide reliable biological data and solid interpretation in the context of death related to insulin overdose. However, the progress of analytical tools is making the "perfect crime" ever more difficult to commit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Cartiser
- Département de médecine légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurent Fanton
- Département de médecine légale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
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17
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Han X, Wang J, Huang J, Peng L. A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Pharmacokinetic Study of Janumet (Sitagliptin and Metformin) Tablets by LC-MS/MS Coupled with Ion-Pair Solid Phase Extraction. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666181011141714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
As first-line treatments for diabetes, sitagliptin and metformin have been
widely prescribed as a combination to enhance the therapeutic effect.
Objective:
To establish a methodology to simultaneously monitor the two drugs in vivo by a reversedphase
Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method.
Methods:
The two drugs were extracted from 50 μl human plasma by ion-pair solid phase extraction.
The separation of the plasma samples was implemented on an Agilent Zorbax SB-CN column (150×4.6
mm, 5.0 µm). The mobile phase was the mixture (80:20, v/v) of methanol and 5.0 mM ammonium formate
in water (pH 4.5). An ion trap spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source was
utilized to detect the elution in positive mode. Quantification of the analytes was achieved by Multiple
Reaction Monitoring (MRM) using the transitions of m/z 408.3→235.1 for sitagliptin and m/z 130.1→
60.2 for metformin.
Results:
Sitagliptin and metformin demonstrated good linearity among the range of 1.00-1000 ng/mL
and 5.00-4000 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day investigations displayed precisions of ≤ 3.6% and an
accuracy range of -7.5% to 6.0% for the two drugs. The mean recovery of the two drugs was 96.0% and
98.5%. Under mandatory storage conditions, both the drugs gave an acceptable stability. The throughput
of the assay was found to be more than 100 plasma samples per day ascribed to the run time of 3.0
min for each sample.
Conclusion:
The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study for a fixeddose
tablet formulation containing 50 mg sitagliptin and 500 mg metformin in 12 healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
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18
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El-Zaher AA, Hashem HA, Elkady EF, Allam MA. A validated LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of dapagliflozin or saxagliptin with metformin in human plasma. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Toxicological and Biochemical Analyses of an Autopsy Case Involving Oral Overdose of Multiple Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Drugs. Case Rep Med 2018; 2018:5864658. [PMID: 30595699 PMCID: PMC6286784 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5864658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral antidiabetics can cause fatal hypoglycemia; although they can be chemically identified and quantified, biochemical investigations are important for assessing the biological consequences of an overdose. Such cases of overdose involving oral antidiabetics may involve other drugs for treating lifestyle-related diseases, particularly antihypertensives. Here, we report a toxicological and biochemical investigation of drugs and biochemical profiles in a fatal overdose involving multiple oral antidiabetics and antihypertensives. A 55-year-old woman died about 2 days after the ingestion of around 110 tablets of antidiabetics and antihypertensives that had been prescribed for her husband. A forensic autopsy and histological analysis demonstrated no evident pathology as the cause of death. A toxicological analysis suggested hypoglycemia and an overdose of antihypertensives as well as the retention of antidiabetics and diuretics in the pericardial fluid. A relatively low pericardial amlodipine concentration was observed, which may have been the result of its long half-life (slower distribution and reduction rate) and/or possible affinity with the myocardium. In addition, a biochemical analysis indicated hypoglycemia, without increased serum insulin and C-peptide, but with increased glucagon levels, as the possible influence of glibenclamide overdose. These observations suggest the usefulness of a combination of toxicological and biochemical analyses in postmortem investigations involving a fatal overdose of such drugs.
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20
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Truong QK, Mai XL, Lee JY, Rhee J, Vinh D, Hong J, Kim KH. Simultaneous determination of 14 oral antihyperglycaemic drugs in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Arch Pharm Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Badragheh S, Zeeb M, Talei Bavil Olyai MR. Silica-coated magnetic iron oxide functionalized with hydrophobic polymeric ionic liquid: a promising nanoscale sorbent for simultaneous extraction of antidiabetic drugs from human plasma prior to their quantitation by HPLC. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30550-30561. [PMID: 35546818 PMCID: PMC9085437 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles modified with imidazolium-based polymeric ionic liquid (Fe3O4@SiO2@PIL) were fabricated as a sustainable sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and simultaneous determination of trace antidiabetic drugs in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The Fe3O4 core was functionalized by silica (SiO2) and vinyl layers where the ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide (VOIM-Br) was attached through a free radical copolymerization process. In order to achieve hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles and increase the merits of the sorbent, Br− anions were synthetically replaced with PF6−. The properties and morphology of the sorbent were characterized by various techniques and all the results illustrated the prosperous synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@PIL. A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate and optimize various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) for empagliflozin, metformin and canagliflozin was 1.3, 6.0 and 0.8 ng mL−1, respectively. Linearity (0.997 ≥ r2 ≥ 0.993) and linear concentration ranges of 5.0–1200.0, 20.0–1800.0 and 5.0–1000.0 ng mL−1 were obtained for empagliflozin, metformin and canagliflozin, respectively. Intra-assay (3.8–7.5%, n = 9) and inter-assay (3.2–8.5%, n = 12) precisions as well as accuracies (≤9.1%) displayed good efficiency of the method. Finally, the method was applied for the quantitation of antidiabetic drugs in human plasma after oral administration and main pharmacokinetic data including Tmax (h), Cmax (ng mL−1), AUC0–24 (ng h mL−1), AUC0–∞ (ng h mL−1), and T1/2 (h) were evaluated. A sustainable nanoscale core–shell modified with hydrophobic polymeric ionic liquid was fabricated for simultaneous extraction and determination of antidiabetic drugs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Badragheh
- Department of Chemistry
- Karaj Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Karaj
- Iran
| | - Mohsen Zeeb
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Islamic Azad University
- South Tehran Branch
- Tehran
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22
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease which prevalence has been progressively increasing worldwide, is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from the combination of inappropriate insulin secretion and/or resistance to insulin action. If left uncontrolled, diabetes is associated with complications such as dysfunction and failure of various organs, and even premature death. Along with lifestyle-modification strategies, several classes of oral antidiabetic agents can be employed for glycemic control. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring of these drugs is essential to maintain appropriate treatment. This review discusses the most frequently employed analytical techniques and sample preparation systems to obtain a reliable and trustworthy method to quantify antidiabetic drugs in biological matrices. An adequate choice of internal standard, ideal chromatography conditions and most suitable analytical detector are reported.
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Fachi MM, Leonart LP, Cerqueira LB, Pontes FLD, de Campos ML, Pontarolo R. A systematic and critical review on bioanalytical method validation using the example of simultaneous quantitation of antidiabetic agents in blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Development and Validation of LC–MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Metformin and Four Gliptins in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fachi MM, Cerqueira LB, Leonart LP, de Francisco TMG, Pontarolo R. Simultaneous Quantification of Antidiabetic Agents in Human Plasma by a UPLC-QToF-MS Method. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167107. [PMID: 27930700 PMCID: PMC5145167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, metformin, nateglinide, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and vildagliptin in human plasma was developed and validated, using isoniazid and sulfaquinoxaline as internal standards. Following plasma protein precipitation using acetonitrile with 1% formic acid, chromatographic separation was performed on a cyano column using gradient elution with water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. Detection was performed in a quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer, using electrospray ionization operated in the positive mode. Data from validation studies demonstrated that the new method is highly sensitive, selective, precise (RSD < 10%), accurate (RE < 12%), linear (r > 0.99), free of matrix and has no residual effects. The developed method was successfully applied to volunteers' plasma samples. Hence, this method was demonstrated to be appropriate for clinical monitoring of antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba – Paraná, Brazil
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26
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Remane D, Wissenbach DK, Peters FT. Recent advances of liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry in clinical and forensic toxicology — An update. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1051-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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ElBagary RI, Azzazy HME, ElKady EF, Farouk F. Simultaneous determination of metformin, vildagliptin, and 3-amino-1-adamantanol in human plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic studies. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1144202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramzia I. ElBagary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industry, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan M. E. Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab F. ElKady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faten Farouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
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28
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Suresh PS, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. A concise review of the bioanalytical methods for the quantitation of sitagliptin, an important dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, utilized for the characterization of the drug. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:749-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Suresh
- Jubilant Biosys; 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeswanthpur Bangalore 560 022 India
| | | | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Jubilant Biosys; 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeswanthpur Bangalore 560 022 India
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29
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Development and validation of an LC–MS/MS sulfonylurea assay for hypoglycemia cases in the emergency department. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:130-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Gumieniczek A, Berecka A. Analytical tools for determination of new oral antidiabetic drugs, glitazones, gliptins, gliflozins and glinides, in bulk materials, pharmaceuticals and biological samples. OPEN CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2016-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe review presents analytical methods for determination of new oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), focusing on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists (glitazones), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (gliptins) and sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (gliflozins). Drugs derived from prandial glucose regulators, such as glinides, are considered because they are present in some new therapeutic options. The review presents analytical procedures suitable for determination of the drugs in bulk substances, such as pharmaceuticals and biological samples, including HPLC-UV, HPLC/LC-MS, TLC/HPTLC, CE/CE-MS, spectrophotometric (UV/VIS), spectrofluorimetric and electrochemical methods, taken from the literature over the past ten years (2006-2016). Some new procedures for extraction, separation and detection of the drugs, including solid phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers (SPE-MIP), liquid phase microextraction using porous hollow fibers (HP-LPME), HILIC chromatography, micellar mobile phases, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and isotopically labeled internal standards, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gumieniczek
- 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Berecka
- 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Bioanalytical method for in vitro metabolism study of repaglinide using 96-blade thin-film solid-phase microextraction and LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:65-77. [PMID: 25558936 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-throughput bioanalytical method using 96-blade thin film microextraction (TFME) and LC-MS/MS for the analysis of repaglinide (RPG) and two of its main metabolites was developed and used for an in vitro metabolism study. RESULTS The target analytes were extracted from human microsomal medium by a 96-blade-TFME system employing the low-cost prototype 'SPME multi-sampler' using C18 coating. Method validation showed recoveries around 90% for all analytes and was linear over the concentration range of 2-1000 ng ml(-1) for RPG and of 2-500 ng ml(-1) for each RPG metabolite. CONCLUSION The method was applied to an in vitro metabolism study of RPG employing human liver microsomes and proved to be very useful for this purpose.
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32
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Solving signal instability to maintain the second-order advantage in the resolution and determination of multi-analytes in complex systems by modeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data using alternating trilinear decomposition method assisted with piecewise direct standardization. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:157-68. [PMID: 26141270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of calibration transfer methods has been successful in combination with near-infrared spectroscopy or other tools for prediction of chemical composition. One of the developed methods that can provide accurate performances is the piecewise direct standardization (PDS) method, which in this paper is firstly applied to transfer from one day to another the second-order calibration model based on alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) method built for the interference-free resolution and determination of multi-analytes in complex systems by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in full scan mode. This is an example of LC-MS analysis in which interferences have been found, making necessary the use of second-order calibration because of its capacity for modeling this phenomenon, which implies analytes of interest can be resolved and quantified even in the presence of overlapped peaks and unknown interferences. Once the second-order calibration model based on ATLD method was built, the calibration transfer was conducted to compensate for the signal instability of LC-MS instrument over time. This allows one to reduce the volume of the heavy works for complete recalibration which is necessary for later accurate determinations. The root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) and average recovery were used to evaluate the performances of the proposed strategy. Results showed that the number of calibration samples used on the real LC-MS data was reduced by using the PDS method from 11 to 3 while producing comparable RMSEP values and recovery values that were statistically the same (F-test, 95% confidence level) to those obtained with 11 calibration samples. This methodology is in accordance with the highly recommended green analytical chemistry principles, since it can reduce the experimental efforts and cost with regard to the use of a new calibration model built in modified conditions.
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Sakthimanigandan K, Ganesh M, Kanthikiran V, Sivakumar T, Jang H. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of Vildagliptin in rat plasma. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abdel-Aziz O, Ayad MF, Tadros MM. Compatible validated spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods for determination of vildagliptin and saxagliptin by factorial design experiments. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 140:229-240. [PMID: 25613694 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple, selective and reproducible spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of vildagliptin and saxagliptin in bulk and their pharmaceutical dosage forms. The first proposed spectrofluorimetric method is based on the dansylation reaction of the amino group of vildagliptin with dansyl chloride to form a highly fluorescent product. The formed product was measured spectrofluorimetrically at 455 nm after excitation at 345 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in a concentration range of 100-600 μg ml(-1). The second proposed spectrophotometric method is based on the charge transfer complex of saxagliptin with tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (p-chloranil). The formed charge transfer complex was measured spectrophotometrically at 530 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in a concentration range of 100-850 μg ml(-1). The third proposed spectrophotometric method is based on the condensation reaction of the primary amino group of saxagliptin with formaldehyde and acetyl acetone to form a yellow colored product known as Hantzsch reaction, measured at 342.5 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in a concentration range of 50-300 μg ml(-1). All the variables were studied to optimize the reactions' conditions using factorial design. The developed methods were validated and proved to be specific and accurate for quality control of vildagliptin and saxagliptin in their pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Aziz
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Miriam F Ayad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mariam M Tadros
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Ramesh B, Manjula N, Bijargi SR, Sarma VUM, Devi PS. Comparison of conventional and supported liquid extraction methods for the determination of sitagliptin and simvastatin in rat plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2014; 5:161-168. [PMID: 29403928 PMCID: PMC5762204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three extraction methods were compared for their efficiency to analyze sitagliptin and simvastatin in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS, including (1) liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), (2) solid phase extraction (SPE) and (3) supported liquid extraction (SLE). Comparison of recoveries of analytes with different extraction methods revealed that SLE was the best extraction method. The detection was facilitated with ion trap-mass spectrometer by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) in a positive ion mode with ESI. The transitions monitored were m/z 441.1→325.2 for simvastatin, 408.2→235.1 for sitagliptin and 278.1→260.1 for the IS. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.2 ng/mL for sitagliptin and 0.1 ng/mL for simvastatin. The effective SLE offers enhanced chromatographic selectivity, thus facilitating the potential utility of the method for routine analysis of biological samples along with pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ramesh
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - N Manjula
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - S R Bijargi
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - V U M Sarma
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - P Sita Devi
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
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Simultaneous determination of metformin and vildagliptin in human plasma by a HILIC–MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 965:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abdel-Ghany MF, Abdel-Aziz O, Ayad MF, Tadros MM. Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Saxagliptin and Structure Elucidation of the Major Degradation Products Using LC-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:554-64. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Simultaneous determination of glimepiride and pioglitazone in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:247-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nageswara Rao R, Sravan B, Ramakrishna K, Saida S, Padiya R. Precolumn o
-Phthalaldehyde-N
-acetyl-L-cysteine Derivatization Followed by RP-HPLC Separation and Fluorescence Detection of Sitagliptin Enantiomers in Rat Plasma. Chirality 2013; 25:883-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - B. Sravan
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - K. Ramakrishna
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - Shaik Saida
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - Raju Padiya
- Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
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Agin A, Charrie A, Chikh K, Tabarin A, Vezzosi D. Fast test: Clinical practice and interpretation. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2013; 74:174-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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41
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Salim MM, El-Enany N, Belal F, Walash MI, Patonay G. Micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for determination of sitagliptin and identification of potential alkaline degradation products using LC-MS. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:65-73. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MM Salim
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA 30302-4098 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; Mansoura Egypt
| | - N El-Enany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; Mansoura Egypt
| | - F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; Mansoura Egypt
| | - MI Walash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; Mansoura Egypt
| | - G Patonay
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA 30302-4098 USA
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Proença P, Franco JM, Mustra C, Monteiro C, Costa J, Corte-Real F, Vieira DN. UPLC-MS/MS determination in blood of a mixed-drug fatal intoxication: A case report. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 227:85-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Development of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the analysis of sitagliptin in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 74:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yuan YM, Gao JW, Shi Z, Huang P, Lu YS, Yao MC, Huang M. Herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction between radix astragali and pioglitazone in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:300-304. [PMID: 23026308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix astragali (RA) was the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) according to the statistics on 52 anti-diabetic formulas recorded in New National Traditional Chinese Medicine; it was employed in 34 out of the 52 formulas. The aim of this study was to elucidate potential pharmacokinetic interaction between RA and pioglitazone, and to provide guidance for clinical medicine safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS A specific and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method was established to quantify pioglitazone in rat plasma. Then healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were each divided into control and RA decoction (RAD) administration groups-healthy, healthy-RAD, T2DM, T2DM-RAD; pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone was carried out after RAD was administrated to rats for 7 days. RESULTS The established UPLC-MS/MS method was rapid, specific, and precise. Between healthy and healthy-RAD groups, half-life (T(1/2)), area under the curve (AUC (0-t)), Vz/F, and Cl/F showed mild yet statistically significant differences; no significant difference for any above parameter was detected between T2DM and T2DM-RAD groups. CONCLUSION RAD co-administration did not affect the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone especially in diabetic groups; RA and pioglitazone might be feasible herb-drug co-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-mei Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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45
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Contreras VU, Meneses-Nava MA, Ornelas-Soto N, Barbosa-García O, López-de-Alba PL, Maldonado JL, Ramos-Ortiz G, Acevedo-Aguilar FJ, López-Martínez L. Fast and environmentally friendly quantitative analysis of active agents in anti-diabetic tablets by an alternative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method and comparison to a validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:1294-1301. [PMID: 23146185 DOI: 10.1366/12-06724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is evaluated as a potential analytic technique for rapid screening and quality control of anti-diabetic tablets. This paper proposes a simple LIBS-based method for the quantitative analysis of two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): metformin (Met) and glybenclamide (Gly). In order to quantify both APIs, chlorine (Cl) concentration was estimated by employing the Cl/Br optical emission ratio, where Br was introduced as internal standard. Calibration curves were prepared, achieving linearity higher than 99%. On the other hand, for comparison to the proposed method, an isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was also developed for quantitative determination of the same analytes by ultraviolet (UV) detection. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Hypersil C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column. The mobile phase was K(2)HPO(4)/H(3)PO(4)-CH(3)OH and flow rate was 1.0 mL min(-1). The method is linear over a range of 10-60 μg mL(-1) for Gly and 5-30 μg mL(-1) for Met and the correlation coefficients were ≥0.99. Recoveries were found to be in the range of 95-101%. Furthermore, four different commercial brands of each active agent were evaluated by both proposed LIBS and chromatographic methods and results were compared with each other. The comparison was satisfactorily validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
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Binz TM, Villani N, Neels H, Schneider S. Rapid extraction, identification and quantification of oral hypoglycaemic drugs in serum and hair using LC-MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 223:119-24. [PMID: 22940189 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and accurate LC-MS/MS method for the identification and quantification of 5 oral anti-diabetics (glipizide, glibenclamide, gliclazide, gliquidone and metformin) in serum and hair was developed using glibornuride as the internal standard. We have developed a rapid and robust extraction procedure by using acetonitrile for serum protein precipitation and methanol for the extraction of anti-diabetics from hair. Anti-diabetics (ADs) were separated by UPLC over a C18 column and detection was performed on a Waters Xevo TQ MS mass spectrometer in positive ionization mode using electrospray ionization. Each AD was identified by three specific ion transitions in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was validated according to international guidelines. For all compounds the variation coefficient (CV) was <20%, and accuracies ranged from 85 to 115% in serum and hair. The limits of detection (LODs) were <1.5 ng/mL for all ADs in serum and <3.59 pg/mg in hair. Recoveries varied from 56.41% (gliclazide) to 67.58% (glipizide) in serum and from 68% (gliclazide) to 91.2% (metformin) in hair. The method was successfully applied to quantify ADs in serum of 33 patients and in hair of 15 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Binz
- Laboratoire National de Santé, Toxicology Department, Avenue de la Faïencerie 162a, L-1511, Luxembourg
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Sharma K, Pawar G, Yadam S, Giri S, Rajagopal S, Mullangi R. LC-MS/MS-ESI method for simultaneous quantitation of metformin and repaglinidie in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:356-64. [PMID: 22865648 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS-ESI method has been developed for simultaneous quantification of metformin (MFN) and repaglinide (RGN) in rat plasma (50 μL) using phenacetin as an internal standard (IS). Simple protein precipitation was used to extract MFN and RGN from rat plasma. The chromatographic resolution of MFN, RGN and IS was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid in water-acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) with a time program flow gradient on a Chromolith RP-18e column. The total chromatographic run time was 3.5 min and the elution of MFN, RGN and IS occurred at 1.64, 2.21 and 2.15 min, respectively. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 0.855-394 and 0.021-21.7 ng/mL for MFN and RGN, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision values for MFN and RGN met the acceptance as per FDA guidelines. MFN and RGN were stable in battery of stability studies viz., bench-top, auto-sampler and freeze-thaw cycles. The developed assay was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Sharma
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, 560 022, India
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Simultaneous determination and validated quantification of human insulin and its synthetic analogues in human blood serum by immunoaffinity purification and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1813-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Salim M, El-Enany N, Belal F, Walash M, Patonay G. Simultaneous determination of sitagliptin and metformin in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis and its application to human plasma analysis. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2012; 7:31-46. [PMID: 22904611 PMCID: PMC3418147 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s9940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel, quick, reliable and simple capillary zone electrophoresis CZE method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sitagliptin (SG) and metformin (MF) in pharmaceutical preparations. Separation was carried out in fused silica capillary (50.0 cm total length and 43.0 cm effective length, 49 μm i.d.) by applying a potential of 15 KV (positive polarity) and a running buffer containing 60 mM phosphate buffer at pH 4.0 with UV detection at 203 nm. The samples were injected hydrodynamically for 3 s at 0.5 psi and the temperature of the capillary cartridge was kept at 25 °C. Phenformin was used as internal standard (IS). The method was suitably validated with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The method showed good linearity in the ranges of 10–100 μg/mL and 50–500 μg/mL with limits of detection of 0.49, 2.11 μg/mL and limits of quantification of 1.48, 6.39 μg/mL for SG and MF, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in their synthetic mixtures and co-formulated tablets without interfering peaks due to the excipients present in the pharmaceutical tablets. The method was further extended to the in-vitro determination of the two drugs in spiked human plasma. The estimated amounts of SG/MF were almost identical with the certified values, and their percentage relative standard deviation values (% R.S.D.) were found to be ≤1.50% (n = 3). The results were compared to a reference method reported in the literature and no significant difference was found statistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salim
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, PO Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
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50
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Simultaneous determination of sitagliptin and simvastatin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:80-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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