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De Los Santos-González BE, Ibarra-Herrera CC, Valencia-Gallegos JA, Mata-Gómez MA, González-Valdez J. A monolithic stationary phase with dendritic nanostructures for the separation of PEGylated proteins. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1989-1999. [PMID: 37605320 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Separation of PEGylated protein mixtures into individual species is a challenging procedure, and many efforts have been focused on creating novel chromatographic supports for this purpose. In this study, a new monolithic stationary phase with hyperbranched nanostructures was chemically synthesized. For this, monoliths with a support matrix of poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and ethylenediamine chemistry were modified with third-generation dendrons with butyl-end groups. The new monolith was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, confirming the dendron with butyl ligands and exhibited low mass transfer resistance as observed by breakthrough frontal analysis. This support was able to separate mono-PEG ribonuclease A from the PEGylation mixture, indicated by a single band (∼30 kDa) in the electrophoretic analysis. Moreover, the separation of mono-PEGylated positional isomers was probably observed, as the protein with ∼30 kDa was found in two separate peaks. Interestingly, the dendronized monolith allowed the separation of the reaction mixture into individual PEGylated species when using high ammonium sulfate concentrations (2 M). A correlation between the PEGylation degree and the strength of the hydrophobic interactions on the monolith was observed. This chromatographic approach combines the natural branched architecture of dendrons and the higher capabilities of the monoliths enhancing the hydrophobic surface area, and therefore the interaction between the PEGylated proteins and ligands. Thus, the novel support represents a novel platform for the purification of PEGylated from non-PEGylated proteins with biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celeste C Ibarra-Herrera
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Jesús A Valencia-Gallegos
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
| | - Marco A Mata-Gómez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - José González-Valdez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
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2
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Zuma LK, Gasa NL, Mazibuko X, Simelane MBC, Pillay P, Kwezi L, Tsekoa T, Pooe OJ. Recombinant Expression, Purification and PEGylation of DNA Ligases. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:505-513. [PMID: 35657285 DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220426122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reagent proteins such as DNA ligases play a central role in the global reagents market. DNA ligases are routinely used and are vital in academic and science research environments. Their major functions include sealing nicks by linking the 5'-phosphorylated end to a 3'-hydroxyl end on the phosphodiester backbone of DNA, utilizing ATP or NADP molecules as an energy source. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to investigate the role of PEGylation on the biological activity of purified recombinant DNA ligases. METHOD We produced two recombinant DNA ligases (Ligsv081 and LigpET30) using E. coli expression system and subsequently purified using affinity chromatography. The produced proteins were conjugated to site specific PEGylation or non-specific PEGylation. FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy were used to analyze secondary structures of the PEG conjugated DNA ligases. Differential scanning fluorimetry was employed to assess the protein stability when subjected various PEGylation conditions. RESULTS In this study, both recombinant DNA ligases were successfully expressed and purified as homogenous proteins. Protein PEGylation enhanced ligation activity, increased transformation efficiency by 2-fold for plasmid ligations and reduced the formation of protein aggregates. CONCLUSION Taken together, site-specific PEGylation can potentially be explored to enhance the biological activity and stability of reagent proteins such as ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Khumbuzile Zuma
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nothando Lovedale Gasa
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Xolani Mazibuko
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Priyen Pillay
- Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lusisizwe Kwezi
- Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tsepo Tsekoa
- Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ofentse Jacob Pooe
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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3
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Santos JHPM, Feitosa VA, Meneguetti GP, Carretero G, Coutinho JAP, Ventura SPM, Rangel-Yagui CO. Lysine-PEGylated Cytochrome C with Enhanced Shelf-Life Stability. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:94. [PMID: 35200354 PMCID: PMC8869816 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt-c), a small mitochondrial electron transport heme protein, has been employed in bioelectrochemical and therapeutic applications. However, its potential as both a biosensor and anticancer drug is significantly impaired due to poor long-term and thermal stability. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed a site-specific PEGylation protocol for Cyt-c. The PEG derivative used was a 5 kDa mPEG-NHS, and a site-directed PEGylation at the lysine amino-acids was performed. The effects of the pH of the reaction media, molar ratio (Cyt-c:mPEG-NHS) and reaction time were evaluated. The best conditions were defined as pH 7, 1:25 Cyt-c:mPEG-NHS and 15 min reaction time, resulting in PEGylation yield of 45% for Cyt-c-PEG-4 and 34% for Cyt-c-PEG-8 (PEGylated cytochrome c with 4 and 8 PEG molecules, respectively). Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that PEGylation did not cause significant changes to the secondary and tertiary structures of the Cyt-c. The long-term stability of native and PEGylated Cyt-c forms was also investigated in terms of peroxidative activity. The results demonstrated that both Cyt-c-PEG-4 and Cyt-c-PEG-8 were more stable, presenting higher half-life than unPEGylated protein. In particular, Cyt-c-PEG-8 presented great potential for biomedical applications, since it retained 30-40% more residual activity than Cyt-c over 60-days of storage, at both studied temperatures of 4 °C and 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- João H. P. M. Santos
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.F.); (G.P.M.)
- Bionanomanufacturing Center, Institute for Technological Research, São Paulo 05508-901, Brazil
| | - Valker A. Feitosa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.F.); (G.P.M.)
- Bionanomanufacturing Center, Institute for Technological Research, São Paulo 05508-901, Brazil
| | - Giovanna P. Meneguetti
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.F.); (G.P.M.)
- Bionanomanufacturing Center, Institute for Technological Research, São Paulo 05508-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Carretero
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.A.P.C.); (S.P.M.V.)
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.A.P.C.); (S.P.M.V.)
| | - Carlota O. Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.F.); (G.P.M.)
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Kiran P, Khan A, Neekhra S, Pallod S, Srivastava R. Nanohybrids as Protein-Polymer Conjugate Multimodal Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:676025. [PMID: 35047929 PMCID: PMC8757875 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.676025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutic formulations are being widely explored as multifunctional nanotherapeutics. Challenges in ensuring susceptibility and efficacy of nanoformulation still prevail owing to various interactions with biological fluids before reaching the target site. Smart polymers with the capability of masking drugs, ease of chemical modification, and multi-stimuli responsiveness can assist controlled delivery. An active moiety like therapeutic protein has started to be known as an important biological formulation with a diverse medicinal prospect. The delivery of proteins and peptides with high target specificity has however been tedious, due to their tendency to aggregate formation in different environmental conditions. Proteins due to high chemical reactivity and poor bioavailability are being researched widely in the field of nanomedicine. Clinically, multiple nano-based formulations have been explored for delivering protein with different carrier systems. A biocompatible and non-toxic polymer-based delivery system serves to tailor the polymer or drug better. Polymers not only aid delivery to the target site but are also responsible for proper stearic orientation of proteins thus protecting them from internal hindrances. Polymers have been shown to conjugate with proteins through covalent linkage rendering stability and enhancing therapeutic efficacy prominently when dealing with the systemic route. Here, we present the recent developments in polymer-protein/drug-linked systems. We aim to address questions by assessing the properties of the conjugate system and optimized delivery approaches. Since thorough characterization is the key aspect for technology to enter into the market, correlating laboratory research with commercially available formulations will also be presented in this review. By examining characteristics including morphology, surface properties, and functionalization, we will expand different hybrid applications from a biomaterial stance applied in in vivo complex biological conditions. Further, we explore understanding related to design criteria and strategies for polymer-protein smart nanomedicines with their potential prophylactic theranostic applications. Overall, we intend to highlight protein-drug delivery through multifunctional smart polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amreen Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suditi Neekhra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Pallod
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Saha-Shah A, Sun S, Kong J, Zhong W, Mann BF. Design and Study of PEG Linkers That Enable Robust Characterization of PEGylated Proteins. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1280-1286. [PMID: 34423265 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several PEGylated therapeutic proteins are approved drugs, and more are under development. However, the synthesis and characterization of these bioconjugates, especially heterogeneous mixtures of PEGylated proteins, are challenging. The present study focuses on the development of PEG linkers that can be installed through biocatalytic route and render much simpler and insightful analytical characterization of PEG-protein conjugates. This linker enables traditional peptide mapping assay to determine protein sequence coverage, natural PTMs, and PEG attachment sites. Novel PEG linkers are cleavable during traditional sample preparation, leaving behind reporter amino acids to allow the determination of PEG attachment sites by peptide mapping. Products of transglutaminase-catalyzed bioconjugation of 5K PEG to Interferon α-2b were analyzed, and K31, K134, and K164 were identified as the PEGylation sites; the former two being newly determined sites demonstrates the sensitivity of the approach. In another instance, conjugation sites on Interleukin-2-PEG conjugation were found to be K31, K47, K48, and K75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumita Saha-Shah
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Shuwen Sun
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John Kong
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wendy Zhong
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Benjamin F Mann
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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6
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Pegylated catalase as a potential alternative to treat vitiligo and UV induced skin damage. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115933. [PMID: 33333446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic function of catalase (CAT) is to prevent oxidative damage to tissues through the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide, which is a strong oxidizing agent. It has been suggested as an alternative to treat skin diseases related to oxidative stress, such as vitiligo. Owing to the instability associated to the protein nature, topical use of CAT is challenging and, in this sense, PEGylation can be an interesting alternative. Here, we conjugated CAT to methoxy-poly(ethylene oxide) (mPEG) of 10, 20 and 40 kDa, by means of a nucleophilic attack of ε-amino groups to an electron-deficient carbonyl group of the reactive PEG, resulting in site specifically PEGylated bioconjugates. PEGylation yields ranged from 31% ± 2% for CAT-PEG40 to 59% ± 4% for CAT-PEG20 and were strongly affected by the reaction pH owing to the protonation/deprotonation state of primary amines of lysine and N-terminal residues. PEGylated conjugates were purified by size-exclusion chromatography (purity > 95%) and characterized by circular dichroism. Irrespectively of MW, PEG did not affected CAT secondary and tertiary structure, but a decrease in specific activity was observed, more pronounced when PEGs of higher MWs were used. However, this loss of activity is compensated by the increased long-term stability, with a gain of >5 times in t1/2. In vitro antioxidant activity of CAT-PEG20 showed complete elimination of lipid peroxidation at the skin upper layer (stratum corneum) suitable for a topical use to treat vitiligo, as well as other skin conditions related to oxidative stress.
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7
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Magaña-Gómez PG, Ramos-de-la-Peña AM, Aguilar O. Pegylated species separation through an innovative PEG-grafted agarose-based resin, association quantified by microcalorimetry. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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9
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Manteghi R, Pallagi E, Olajos G, Csóka I. Pegylation and formulation strategy of Anti-Microbial Peptide (AMP) according to the quality by design approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 144:105197. [PMID: 31862311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the main global threats according to the World Health Organization's (WHO) report (World Health Organization 2014), therefore there is a need for the development of other agents, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Although AMPs are considered as major candidates for next-generation antibiotics, several challenges including low bioavailability, high manufacturing cost and toxicity are still to be solved for their practical use in therapeutic applications. Novel chemical modification approaches as well as strategies for their delivery offer several opportunities to overcome these barriers and develop more stable and cost-effective synthetic peptides with efficient delivery to the target site. The integration of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the early pharmaceutical developments supports researchers in optimizing the targeted product by a risk based manner. Peptide modifications and formulation of peptide delivery systems are challenging tasks and hide several risks. Understanding and evaluating the cause - effect relations within the initial Risk Assessment (RA) step in case of all attributes give the basis for the experimental design as the next step, and aids the formulation development in order to get the final product in the targeted quality range. This study presents a Quality by Design based antimicrobial peptide modification and formulation design. Analyses the potential risks in the AMP PEGylation process through the example of PGLa. The QbD based initial RA screened and evaluated the risk factors in this AMP modification procedure. The critical quality and process related factors were defined and their ranking was performed due to their estimated critical effect on the PEGylated AMP. This pre-formulation design study highlights the critical risk factors as decision points for the further steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Manteghi
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Pallagi
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Olajos
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Szeged, Hungary.
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10
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Ramos-de-la-Peña AM, Aguilar O. Progress and Challenges in PEGylated Proteins Downstream Processing: A Review of the Last 8 Years. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Santos JHPM, Torres-Obreque KM, Meneguetti GP, Amaro BP, Rangel-Yagui CO. Protein PEGylation for the design of biobetters: from reaction to purification processes. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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12
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Pan Y, Neupane S, Farmakes J, Oh M, Bentz K, Choi Y, Yang Z. Insights on the Structure, Molecular Weight and Activity of an Antibacterial Protein-Polymer Hybrid. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:651-658. [PMID: 29131929 PMCID: PMC6122959 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are attractive biomaterials which combine the functions of both proteins and polymers. The bioactivity of these hybrid materials, however, is often reduced upon conjugation. It is important to determine and monitor the protein structure and active site availability in order to optimize the polymer composition, attachment point, and abundance. The challenges in probing these insights are the large size and high complexity in the conjugates. Herein, we overcome the challenges by combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and characterize the structure of antibacterial hybrids formed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and an antibacterial protein. We discovered that the primary reasons for activity loss were PEG blocking the substrate access pathway and/or altering protein surface charges. Our data indicated that the polymers tended to stay away from the protein surface and form a coiled conformation. The structural insights are meaningful for and applicable to the rational design of future hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Sunanda Neupane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Jasmin Farmakes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Myungkeun Oh
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, 251 Batcheller Technology Center, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Kylie Bentz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Yongki Choi
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, 251 Batcheller Technology Center, Fargo, ND 58105
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1211 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
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Deepankumar K, Prabhu NS, Kim JH, Yun H. Protein engineering for covalent immobilization and enhanced stability through incorporation of multiple noncanonical amino acids. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Mata-Gomez MA, Perez-Gonzalez VH, Gallo-Villanueva RC, Gonzalez-Valdez J, Rito-Palomares M, Martinez-Chapa SO. Modelling of electrokinetic phenomena for capture of PEGylated ribonuclease A in a microdevice with insulating structures. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:033106. [PMID: 27375815 PMCID: PMC4912556 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of PEGylated proteins results in a mixture of protein-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates and the unreacted native protein. From a ribonuclease A (RNase A) PEGylation reaction, mono-PEGylated RNase A (mono-PEG RNase A) has proven therapeutic effects against cancer, reason for which there is an interest in isolating it from the rest of the reaction products. Experimental trapping of PEGylated RNase A inside an electrokinetically driven microfluidic device has been previously demonstrated. Now, from a theoretical point of view, we have studied the electrokinetic phenomena involved in the dielectrophoretic streaming of the native RNase A protein and the trapping of the mono-PEG RNase A inside a microfluidic channel. To accomplish this, we used two 3D computational models, a sphere and an ellipse, adapted to each protein. The effect of temperature on parameters related to trapping was also studied. A temperature increase showed to rise the electric and thermal conductivities of the suspending solution, hindering dielectrophoretic trapping. In contrast, the dynamic viscosity of the suspending solution decreased as the temperature rose, favoring the dielectrophoretic manipulation of the proteins. Also, our models were able to predict the magnitude and direction of the velocity of both proteins indicating trapping for the PEGylated conjugate or no trapping for the native protein. In addition, a parametric sweep study revealed the effect of the protein zeta potential on the electrokinetic response of the protein. We believe this work will serve as a tool to improve the design of electrokinetically driven microfluidic channels for the separation and recovery of PEGylated proteins in one single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Mata-Gomez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Victor H Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto C Gallo-Villanueva
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Jose Gonzalez-Valdez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Sergio O Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
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15
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Synthesis of adsorbents with dendronic structures for protein hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1443:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Mayolo-Deloisa K, González-Valdez J, Rito-Palomares M. PEGylated protein separation using different hydrophobic interaction supports: Conventional and monolithic supports. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:702-7. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mayolo-Deloisa
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Campus Monterrey; Monterrey NL 64849 México
| | - José González-Valdez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Campus Monterrey; Monterrey NL 64849 México
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Campus Monterrey; Monterrey NL 64849 México
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Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Preparation, characterization and molecular modeling of PEGylated human growth hormone with agonist activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:400-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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John C, Herz T, Boos J, Langer K, Hempel G. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation for the analysis of PEG-asparaginase. Talanta 2015; 146:335-9. [PMID: 26695272 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol L-asparaginase (PEG-ASNASE) is the PEGylated version of the enzyme L-asparaginase (ASNASE). Both are used for remission induction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The treatment control is generally carried out by performing activity assays, though methods to determine the actual enzyme rather than its activity are rare. Using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) offered the chance to develop a method capable of simultaneously measuring PEG-ASNASE and PEG. A method validation was performed in accordance with FDA guidelines for PEG-ASNASE from non-biological solutions. The method unfolded a linearity of 15-750 U/mL with coefficients of correlation of r(2)>0.99. The coefficients of variation (CV) for within-run and between-run variability were 1.18-10.15% and 2.43-8.73%, respectively. Furthermore, the method was used to perform stability tests of the product Oncaspar® (PEG-ASNASE) and estimation of the molecular weight by multi-angle light scattering (MALS) of stressed samples to correlate them with the corresponding activity. The findings indicate that Oncaspar® stock solution should not be stored any longer than 24 h at room temperature and cannot be frozen in pure aqueous media. The validated method might be useful for the pharmaceutical industry and its quality control of PEG-ASNASE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C John
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - T Herz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry - Clinical Pharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - J Boos
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - K Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - G Hempel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry - Clinical Pharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Duncan R. Polymer therapeutics: Top 10 selling pharmaceuticals — What next? J Control Release 2014; 190:371-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Next generation delivery system for proteins and genes of therapeutic purpose: why and how? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:327950. [PMID: 25126554 PMCID: PMC4122142 DOI: 10.1155/2014/327950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and genes of therapeutic interests in conjunction with different delivery systems are growing towards new heights. "Next generation delivery systems" may provide more efficient platform for delivery of proteins and genes. In the present review, snapshots about the benefits of proteins or gene therapy, general procedures for therapeutic protein or gene delivery system, and different next generation delivery system such as liposome, PEGylation, HESylation, and nanoparticle based delivery have been depicted with their detailed explanation.
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Grotzky A, Altamura E, Adamcik J, Carrara P, Stano P, Mavelli F, Nauser T, Mezzenga R, Schlüter AD, Walde P. Structure and enzymatic properties of molecular dendronized polymer-enzyme conjugates and their entrapment inside giant vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10831-10840. [PMID: 23895383 DOI: 10.1021/la401867c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular hybrid structures were prepared in which two types of enzymes, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and bovine erythrocytes Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), were linked to a fluorescently labeled, polycationic, dendronized polymer (denpol). Two homologous denpols of first and second generation were used and compared, and the activities of HRP and SOD of the conjugates were measured in aqueous solution separately and in combination. In the latter case the efficiency of the two enzymes in catalyzing a two-step cascade reaction was evaluated. Both enzymes in the two types of conjugates were highly active and comparable to free enzymes, although the efficiency of the enzymes bound to the second-generation denpol was significantly lower (up to a factor of 2) than the efficiency of HRP and SOD linked to the first-generation denpol. Both conjugates were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), confirming the expected increase in object size compared to free denpols and demonstrating the presence of enzyme molecules localized along the denpol chains. Finally, giant phospholipid vesicles with diameters of up to about 20 μm containing in their aqueous interior pool a first-generation denpol-HRP conjugate were prepared. The HRP of the entrapped conjugate was shown to remain active toward externally added, membrane-permeable substrates, an important prerequisite for the development of vesicular multienzyme reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grotzky
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Hoffmann E, Konkar A, Dziadek S, Josel HP, Conde-Knape K, Kropp H, Kling L, Stubenrauch K, Thorey I, Dengl S, Brinkmann U. PK modulation of haptenylated peptides via non-covalent antibody complexation. J Control Release 2013; 171:48-56. [PMID: 23800420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We applied noncovalent complexes of digoxigenin (Dig) binding antibodies with digoxigeninylated peptide derivatives to modulate their pharmacokinetic properties. A peptide derivative which activates the Y2R receptor was selectively mono-digoxigeninylated by reacting a NHS-Dig derivative with an ε-amino group of lysine 2. This position tolerates modifications without destroying receptor binding and functionality of the peptide. Dig-peptide derivatives can be loaded onto Dig-binding IgGs in a simple and robust reaction, thereby generating peptide-IgG complexes in a defined two to one molar ratio. This indicates that each antibody arm becomes occupied by one haptenylated peptide. In vitro receptor binding and signaling assays showed that Dig-peptides as well as the peptide-antibody complexes retain better potency than the corresponding pegylated peptides. In vivo analyses revealed prolonged serum half-life of antibody-complexed peptides compared to unmodified peptides. Thus, complexes are of sufficient stability for PK modulation. We observed more prolonged weight reduction in a murine diet-induced obesity (DIO) model with antibody-complexed peptides compared to unmodified peptides. We conclude that antibody-hapten complexation can be applied to modulate the PK of haptenylated peptides and in consequence improve the therapeutic efficacy of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Hoffmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development pRED, Large Molecule Research, Nonnenwald 2, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany.
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Effects of chemical modifications in the partition behavior of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems: A case study with RNase A. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:378-85. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Iwasaki Y, Sakiyama M, Fujii S, Yusa SI. Surface modification of mammalian cells with stimuli-responsive polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7824-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Rebolj K, Pahovnik D, Žagar E. Characterization of a Protein Conjugate Using an Asymmetrical-Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and a Size-Exclusion Chromatography with Multi-Detection System. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7374-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Rebolj
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Polymer Materials and Technologies, Tehnološki
park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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