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Secondary Metabolites Coordinately Protect Grapes from Excessive Light and Sunburn Damage during Development. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010042. [PMID: 35053190 PMCID: PMC8773587 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunburn is a physiological disorder that reduces grape quality and vineyard yield. It is the result of excessive sunlight and high temperatures. As climate change continues to increase air temperatures, reports of sunburn damage in vineyards worldwide are becoming more frequent. Grapes produce secondary metabolites (carotenoids, polyphenols and aroma compounds) to counter photooxidative stress and acclimate to higher radiation environments. This study evaluated changes in these compounds in during ripening when grapes were exposed post-flowering (ED) and at véraison (LD), and compared them to a nondefoliated control (ND). ND contained more α-terpineol and violaxanthin, and the defoliated treatments contained more zeaxanthin, β-carotene, C6 compounds and flavonoids. ED berries adapted better to higher-light environments, displayed larger changes in secondary metabolite concentrations and lower levels of sunburn damage than LD berries did. The composition of berries with increasing sunburn damage was evaluated for the first time. Berries with no damage had the lowest concentrations of flavonoids and oxidized glutathione, and the highest concentrations of chlorophyll and α-terpineol. As damage increased, destruction of photosynthetic pigments, increase in polyphenols and loss of aroma compounds were evidenced. A significant effect of temperature and developmental stage on grape composition was also observed. This study provides a holistic overview of changes in secondary metabolites experienced by grape berries when exposed to excessive light, how these vary along development and how they affect sunburn incidence.
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2
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Grapevine and Wine Metabolomics-Based Guidelines for FAIR Data and Metadata Management. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110757. [PMID: 34822415 PMCID: PMC8618349 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of big and omics data, good organization, management, and description of experimental data are crucial for achieving high-quality datasets. This, in turn, is essential for the export of robust results, to publish reliable papers, make data more easily available, and unlock the huge potential of data reuse. Lately, more and more journals now require authors to share data and metadata according to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. This work aims to provide a step-by-step guideline for the FAIR data and metadata management specific to grapevine and wine science. In detail, the guidelines include recommendations for the organization of data and metadata regarding (i) meaningful information on experimental design and phenotyping, (ii) sample collection, (iii) sample preparation, (iv) chemotype analysis, (v) data analysis (vi) metabolite annotation, and (vii) basic ontologies. We hope that these guidelines will be helpful for the grapevine and wine metabolomics community and that it will benefit from the true potential of data usage in creating new knowledge being revealed.
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3
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Roca M, Pérez-Gálvez A. Metabolomics of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: Analytical Methods and Metabolome-Based Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1622. [PMID: 34679756 PMCID: PMC8533378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are two families of antioxidants present in daily ingested foods, whose recognition as added-value ingredients runs in parallel with the increasing number of demonstrated functional properties. Both groups include a complex and vast number of compounds, and extraction and analysis methods evolved recently to a modern protocol. New methodologies are more potent, precise, and accurate, but their application requires a better understanding of the technical and biological context. Therefore, the present review compiles the basic knowledge and recent advances of the metabolomics of chlorophylls and carotenoids, including the interrelation with the primary metabolism. The study includes material preparation and extraction protocols, the instrumental techniques for the acquisition of spectroscopic and spectrometric properties, the workflows and software tools for data pre-processing and analysis, and the application of mass spectrometry to pigment metabolomics. In addition, the review encompasses a critical description of studies where metabolomics analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids were developed as an approach to analyzing the effects of biotic and abiotic stressors on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Gálvez
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
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4
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Schmidtke LM, Antalick G, Šuklje K, Blackman JW, Boccard J, Deloire A. Cultivar, site or harvest date: the gordian knot of wine terroir. Metabolomics 2020; 16:52. [PMID: 32303865 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complex interactions of vine cultivars, and localised regional climate associated with specific vineyard sites are important attributes to the concept of terroir and significant contributors to grape maturity and wine sensory profiles. An improved understanding of the influence of each factor and their interactions is a challenging conundrum, and will enable more efficient production targeting specific wine styles. OBJECTIVES To characterise the metabolic flux of grape berries and resulting wines to characterise the relative impact of site specific climate, cultivar, and grape maturity based upon berry sugar accumulation models that consistently target specific wine styles. METHODS A spatial and temporal study of grape and wine composition was undertaken for two important cultivars in two distinct regions of New South Wales. Measures of composition and wine sensory ratings were simultaneously analysed using a multiblock algorithm taking advantage of the ANOVA framework to identify important contributions to wine style arising from grape maturity, vineyard site and cultivar. RESULTS A consistent flux of grape and wine constituents is evident for wine made from sequentially harvested grapes from the same vineyard with increasing levels of grape maturity. Contributions of region and vineyard site to wine style could also be elucidated. Differences in metabolite flux in grapes and resulting wines between cultivars growing in similar conditions are evident. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a metabolomics and multiblock data decomposition approach may be successfully used to profile and elucidate the contribution of abiotic factors to grape and wine composition and provide improved understanding of the terroir concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Schmidtke
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - G Antalick
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Wine Research Centre, Univerza v Novi Gorici, Vipavska 13, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - K Šuklje
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Oenology, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J W Blackman
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - J Boccard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Deloire
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- L'Institut Agro (SupAgro), 2 Place P. Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
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5
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Fornasaro S, Vicario A, De Leo L, Bonifacio A, Not T, Sergo V. Potential use of MCR-ALS for the identification of coeliac-related biochemical changes in hyperspectral Raman maps from pediatric intestinal biopsies. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:356-363. [PMID: 29756143 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Raman hyperspectral imaging is an emerging practice in biological and biomedical research for label free analysis of tissues and cells. Using this method, both spatial distribution and spectral information of analyzed samples can be obtained. The current study reports the first Raman microspectroscopic characterisation of colon tissues from patients with Coeliac Disease (CD). The aim was to assess if Raman imaging coupled with hyperspectral multivariate image analysis is capable of detecting the alterations in the biochemical composition of intestinal tissues associated with CD. The analytical approach was based on a multi-step methodology: duodenal biopsies from healthy and coeliac patients were measured and processed with Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS). Based on the distribution maps and the pure spectra of the image constituents obtained from MCR-ALS, interesting biochemical differences between healthy and coeliac patients has been derived. Noticeably, a reduced distribution of complex lipids in the pericryptic space, and a different distribution and abundance of proteins rich in beta-sheet structures was found in CD patients. The output of the MCR-ALS analysis was then used as a starting point for two clustering algorithms (k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering methods). Both methods converged with similar results providing precise segmentation over multiple Raman images of studied tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fornasaro
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Chitarrini G, Zulini L, Masuero D, Vrhovsek U. Lipid, phenol and carotenoid changes in 'Bianca' grapevine leaves after mechanical wounding: a case study. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2095-2106. [PMID: 28324165 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic changes can occur in plants in response to abiotic stress. Extensive use of leaf discs (mechanical wounding) in studies regarding the effect on the biochemical response of the grapevine to different types of biotic stress makes it necessary to understand metabolic perturbation after injury. In this study, we investigate how mechanical wounding can affect the metabolism of grapevine leaf tissue using Bianca variety as case study. Two sizes of leaf discs (1.1 and 2.8 cm in diameter) were excised from leaves, and phenol, lipid and carotenoid perturbation were investigated 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 120 h post cutting. In our study, we found an accumulation of molecules belonging to stilbenoid and stilbene classes such as trans-resveratrol, trans-piceide, Z-miyabenol C, E-cis-miyabenol C and ampelopsin D + quadrangularin A after abiotic stress. The increase in fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and oleic + cis-vaccenic acid during the first 12 h after injury, followed by a return to basal level, allowed us to surmise their role in response to abiotic stress, in particular to mechanical wounding in grapevine leaves. Different-sized discs caused a different response to the tissue, with a higher accumulation in 1.1-cm-diameter discs, especially of phenol compounds. The results of this work can be used to better understand metabolic changes due to biotic stress, having previous knowledge about the perturbation caused by abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chitarrini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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7
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Soldatova AV, Tao L, Romano CA, Stich TA, Casey WH, Britt RD, Tebo BM, Spiro TG. Mn(II) Oxidation by the Multicopper Oxidase Complex Mnx: A Binuclear Activation Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11369-11380. [PMID: 28712284 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial protein complex Mnx contains a multicopper oxidase (MCO) MnxG that, unusually, catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of Mn(II) to MnO2 biomineral, via a Mn(III) intermediate. Although Mn(III)/Mn(II) and Mn(IV)/Mn(III) reduction potentials are expected to be high, we find a low reduction potential, 0.38 V (vs Normal Hydrogen Electrode, pH 7.8), for the MnxG type 1 Cu2+, the electron acceptor. Indeed the type 1 Cu2+ is not reduced by Mn(II) in the absence of molecular oxygen, indicating that substrate oxidation requires an activation step. We have investigated the enzyme mechanism via electronic absorption spectroscopy, using chemometric analysis to separate enzyme-catalyzed MnO2 formation from MnO2 nanoparticle aging. The nanoparticle aging time course is characteristic of nucleation and particle growth; rates for these processes followed expected dependencies on Mn(II) concentration and temperature, but exhibited different pH optima. The enzymatic time course is sigmoidal, signaling an activation step, prior to turnover. The Mn(II) concentration and pH dependence of a preceding lag phase indicates weak Mn(II) binding. The activation step is enabled by a pKa > 8.6 deprotonation, which is assigned to Mn(II)-bound H2O; it induces a conformation change (consistent with a high activation energy, 106 kJ/mol) that increases Mn(II) affinity. Mnx activation is proposed to decrease the Mn(III/II) reduction potential below that of type 1 Cu(II/I) by formation of a hydroxide-bridged binuclear complex, Mn(II)(μ-OH)Mn(II), at the substrate site. Turnover is found to depend cooperatively on two Mn(II) and is enabled by a pKa 7.6 double deprotonation. It is proposed that turnover produces a Mn(III)(μ-OH)2Mn(III) intermediate that proceeds to the enzyme product, likely Mn(IV)(μ-O)2Mn(IV) or an oligomer, which subsequently nucleates MnO2 nanoparticles. We conclude that Mnx exploits manganese polynuclear chemistry in order to facilitate an otherwise difficult oxidation reaction, as well as biomineralization. The mechanism of the Mn(III/IV) conversion step is elucidated in an accompanying paper .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Soldatova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Christine A Romano
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bradley M Tebo
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G Spiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Cook DW, Rutan SC. Analysis of Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Data with an Elastic Net Multivariate Curve Resolution Strategy for Sparse Spectral Recovery. Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Box
842006, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Sarah C. Rutan
- Department of Chemistry, Box
842006, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
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9
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Reconstructing the historical synthesis of mauveine from Perkin and Caro: procedure and details. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6806. [PMID: 28754965 PMCID: PMC5533699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mauveine, an iconic dye, first synthesised in 1856 still has secrets to unveil. If nowadays one wanted to prepare the original Perkin’s mauveine, what would be the procedure? It will be described in this work and lies on the use of a 1:2:1 (mole) ratio of aniline, p-toluidine and o-toluidine. This was found from a comparison of a series of products synthesized from different proportions of these starting materials, with a set of historical samples of mauveine and further analysed with two unsupervised chemometrics methods.
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10
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Karppinen K, Zoratti L, Sarala M, Carvalho E, Hirsimäki J, Mentula H, Martens S, Häggman H, Jaakola L. Carotenoid metabolism during bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit development under different light conditions is regulated by biosynthesis and degradation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:95. [PMID: 27098458 PMCID: PMC4839083 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are important pigments and precursors for central signaling molecules associated in fruit development and ripening. Carotenoid metabolism has been studied especially in the climacteric tomato fruit but the content of carotenoids and the regulation of their metabolism have been shown to be highly variable between fruit species. Non-climacteric berries of the genus Vaccinium are among the best natural sources of health-beneficial flavonoids but not studied previously for carotenoid biosynthesis. RESULTS In this study, carotenoid biosynthetic genes, PSY, PDS, ZDS, CRTISO, LCYB, LCYE, BCH and CYP450-BCH, as well as a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD1 were identified from bilberry (V. myrtillus L.) fruit and their expression was studied along with carotenoid composition during fruit development under different photoperiod and light quality conditions. Bilberry was found to be a good source of carotenoids among fruits and berries. The most abundant carotenoids throughout the berry development were lutein and β-carotene, which were accompanied by lower amounts of 9Z-β-carotene, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. The expression patterns of the biosynthetic genes in ripening fruits indicated a metabolic flux towards β-branch of the carotenoid pathway. However, the carotenoid levels decreased in both the β-branch and ε,β-branch towards bilberry fruit ripening along with increased VmCCD1 expression, similarly to VmNCED1, indicating enzymatic carotenoid cleavage and degradation. Intense white light conditions increased the expression of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes but also the expression of the cleavage genes VmCCD1 and VmNCED1, especially in unripe fruits. Instead, mature bilberry fruits responded specifically to red/far-red light wavelengths by inducing the expression of both the carotenoid biosynthetic and the cleavage genes indicating tissue and developmental stage specific regulation of apocarotenoid formation by light quality. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of carotenoid biosynthesis in Vaccinium berries. Our results indicate that both transcriptional regulation of the key biosynthetic genes and the enzymatic degradation of the produced carotenoids to apocarotenoids have significant roles in the determination of the carotenoid content and have overall effect on the metabolism during the bilberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Karppinen
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- />Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Zoratti
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marian Sarala
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisabete Carvalho
- />Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Jenni Hirsimäki
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Helmi Mentula
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Stefan Martens
- />Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Center, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Hely Häggman
- />Genetics and Physiology Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- />Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- />NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
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Carlin S, Vrhovsek U, Franceschi P, Lotti C, Bontempo L, Camin F, Toubiana D, Zottele F, Toller G, Fait A, Mattivi F. Regional features of northern Italian sparkling wines, identified using solid-phase micro extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 208:68-80. [PMID: 27132825 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We carried out comprehensive mapping of volatile compounds in 70 wines, from 48 wineries and 6 vintages, representative of the two main production areas for Italian sparkling wines, by HS-SPME-GCxGC-TOF-MS and multivariate analysis. The final scope was to describe the metabolomics space of these wines, and to verify whether the grape cultivar signature, the pedoclimatic influence of the production area, and the complex technology were measurable in the final product. The wine chromatograms provided a wealth of information, with 1695 compounds being found. A large number of putative markers influenced by the cultivation area was observed. A subset of 196 biomarkers fully discriminated between the two types of sparkling wines investigated. Among the new compounds, safranal and α-isophorone were observed. We showed how correlation-based network analysis could be used as a tool to detect the differences in compound behaviour based on external/environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Cesare Lotti
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - David Toubiana
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Fabio Zottele
- Department of Experimentation and Technology Services, Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giambattista Toller
- Department of Experimentation and Technology Services, Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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12
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Savoi S, Wong DCJ, Arapitsas P, Miculan M, Bucchetti B, Peterlunger E, Fait A, Mattivi F, Castellarin SD. Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveals that prolonged drought modulates the phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathway in white grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:67. [PMID: 27001212 PMCID: PMC4802899 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary metabolism contributes to the adaptation of a plant to its environment. In wine grapes, fruit secondary metabolism largely determines wine quality. Climate change is predicted to exacerbate drought events in several viticultural areas, potentially affecting the wine quality. In red grapes, water deficit modulates flavonoid accumulation, leading to major quantitative and compositional changes in the profile of the anthocyanin pigments; in white grapes, the effect of water deficit on secondary metabolism is still largely unknown. RESULTS In this study we investigated the impact of water deficit on the secondary metabolism of white grapes using a large scale metabolite and transcript profiling approach in a season characterized by prolonged drought. Irrigated grapevines were compared to non-irrigated grapevines that suffered from water deficit from early stages of berry development to harvest. A large effect of water deficit on fruit secondary metabolism was observed. Increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes, and tocopherols were detected, while carotenoid and flavonoid accumulations were differentially modulated by water deficit according to the berry developmental stage. The RNA-sequencing analysis carried out on berries collected at three developmental stages-before, at the onset, and at late ripening-indicated that water deficit affected the expression of 4,889 genes. The Gene Ontology category secondary metabolic process was overrepresented within up-regulated genes at all the stages of fruit development considered, and within down-regulated genes before ripening. Eighteen phenylpropanoid, 16 flavonoid, 9 carotenoid, and 16 terpenoid structural genes were modulated by water deficit, indicating the transcriptional regulation of these metabolic pathways in fruit exposed to water deficit. An integrated network and promoter analyses identified a transcriptional regulatory module that encompasses terpenoid genes, transcription factors, and enriched drought-responsive elements in the promoter regions of those genes as part of the grapes response to drought. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that grapevine berries respond to drought by modulating several secondary metabolic pathways, and particularly, by stimulating the production of phenylpropanoids, the carotenoid zeaxanthin, and of volatile organic compounds such as monoterpenes, with potential effects on grape and wine antioxidant potential, composition, and sensory features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Savoi
- />Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Darren C. J. Wong
- />Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- />Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Mara Miculan
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
- />Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Parco Scientifco e Tecnologico Luigi Danieli, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Bucchetti
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Aaron Fait
- />The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- />Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Simone D. Castellarin
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-alimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
- />Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Barberini L, Noto A, Fattuoni C, Grapov D, Casanova A, Fenu G, Gaviano M, Carboni R, Ottonello G, Crisafulli M, Fanos V, Dessì A. Urinary metabolomics (GC-MS) reveals that low and high birth weight infants share elevated inositol concentrations at birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 27 Suppl 2:20-6. [PMID: 25284173 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.954786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolomics is a new "omics" platform aimed at high-throughput identification, quantification and characterization of small-molecule metabolites. The metabolomics approach has been successfully applied to the classification different physiological states and identification of perturbed biochemical pathways. The purpose of the current investigation is the application of metabolomics to explore biological mechanisms which may lead to the onset of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. METHODS We evaluated differences in metabolites in the urine collected within 12 h from 23 infants with IUGR (IntraUterine Growth Restriction), or LGA (Large for Gestational Age), compared to control infants (10 patients defined AGA: Appropriate for Gestational Age). Urinary metabolites were quantified by GC-MS and used to highlight similarities between the two metabolic diseases and identify metabolic markers for their predisposition. Quantified metabolites were analyzed using a multivariate statistics coupled with receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of identified biomarkers. RESULTS Urinary myo-inositol was the most important discriminant between LGA + IUGR and control infants, and displayed an area under the ROC curve = 1. CONCLUSION We postulate that the increase in plasma and consequently urinary inositol may constitute a marker of altered glucose metabolism during fetal development in both IUGR and LGA newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barberini
- Department of Public Health Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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de Juan A, Mas S. Multivariate Curve Resolution Methods for Food Chemistry. DATA HANDLING IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59528-7.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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