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Motycka B, Csarman F, Rupp M, Schnabel K, Nagy G, Karnpakdee K, Scheiblbrandner S, Tscheliessnig R, Oostenbrink C, Hammel M, Ludwig R. Amino Acid Residues Controlling Domain Interaction and Interdomain Electron Transfer in Cellobiose Dehydrogenase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300431. [PMID: 37768852 PMCID: PMC10726044 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The function of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) in biosensors, biofuel cells, and as a physiological redox partner of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is based on its role as an electron donor. Before donating electrons to LPMO or electrodes, an interdomain electron transfer from the catalytic FAD-containing dehydrogenase domain to the electron shuttling cytochrome domain of CDH is required. This study investigates the role of two crucial amino acids located at the dehydrogenase domain on domain interaction and interdomain electron transfer by structure-based engineering. The electron transfer kinetics of wild-type Myriococcum thermophilum CDH and its variants M309A, R698S, and M309A/R698S were analyzed by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and structural effects were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering. The data show that R698 is essential to pull the cytochrome domain close to the dehydrogenase domain and orient the heme propionate group towards the FAD, while M309 is an integral part of the electron transfer pathway - its mutation reducing the interdomain electron transfer 10-fold. Structural models and molecular dynamics simulations pinpoint the action of these two residues on the domain interaction and interdomain electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Motycka
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Food TechnologyMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaDepartment of BiotechnologyInstitute of Bioprocess Science and EngineeringMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated BioimagingLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryCyclotron road 194720BerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Florian Csarman
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Food TechnologyMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Melanie Rupp
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Food TechnologyMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Karoline Schnabel
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Food TechnologyMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Gabor Nagy
- Max Planck Institut für Multidisciplinary SciencesDepartment of Theoretical and Computational BiophysicsAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Kwankao Karnpakdee
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Food TechnologyMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Scheiblbrandner
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Food TechnologyMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Rupert Tscheliessnig
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaDepartment of BiotechnologyInstitute of Bioprocess Science and EngineeringMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
- Division of BiophysicsGottfried-Schatz-Research-CenterMedical University of GrazNeue Stiftingtalstraße 68010GrazAustria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaDepartment of Material Sciences and Process EngineeringInstitute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated BioimagingLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryCyclotron road 194720BerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Roland Ludwig
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaDepartment of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Food TechnologyMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
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Zhao H, Karppi J, Nguyen TTM, Bellemare A, Tsang A, Master E, Tenkanen M. Characterization of a novel AA3_1 xylooligosaccharide dehydrogenase from Thermothelomyces myriococcoides CBS 398.93. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:135. [PMID: 36476312 PMCID: PMC9730589 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZy) auxiliary activity family 3 (AA3) comprises flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent (FAD) oxidoreductases from the glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) family, which play auxiliary roles in lignocellulose conversion. The AA3 subfamily 1 predominantly consists of cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDHs) that typically comprise a dehydrogenase domain, a cytochrome domain, and a carbohydrate-binding module from family 1 (CBM1). RESULTS In this work, an AA3_1 gene from T. myriococcoides CBS 398.93 encoding only a GMC dehydrogenase domain was expressed in Aspergillus niger. Like previously characterized CDHs, this enzyme (TmXdhA) predominantly accepts linear saccharides with β-(1 → 4) linkage and targets the hydroxyl on the reducing anomeric carbon. TmXdhA was distinguished, however, by its preferential activity towards xylooligosaccharides over cellooligosaccharides. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that TmXdhA possesses a glutamine at the substrate-binding site rather than a threonine or serine that occupies this position in previously characterized CDHs, and structural models suggest the glutamine in TmXdhA could facilitate binding to pentose sugars. CONCLUSIONS The biochemical analysis of TmXdhA revealed a catalytic preference for xylooligosaccharide substrates. The modeled structure of TmXdhA provides a reference for the screening of oxidoreductases targeting xylooligosaccharides. We anticipate TmXdhA to be a good candidate for the conversion of xylooligosaccharides to added-value chemicals by its exceptional catalytic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhao
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Karppi
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thi Truc Minh Nguyen
- grid.410319.e0000 0004 1936 8630Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Annie Bellemare
- grid.410319.e0000 0004 1936 8630Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- grid.410319.e0000 0004 1936 8630Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Emma Master
- grid.5373.20000000108389418Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Bollella P. Enzyme-based amperometric biosensors: 60 years later … Quo Vadis? Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1234:340517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Jenner LP, Crack JC, Kurth JM, Soldánová Z, Brandt L, Sokol KP, Reisner E, Bradley JM, Dahl C, Cheesman MR, Butt JN. Reaction of Thiosulfate Dehydrogenase with a Substrate Mimic Induces Dissociation of the Cysteine Heme Ligand Giving Insights into the Mechanism of Oxidative Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18296-18304. [PMID: 36173876 PMCID: PMC9562282 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiosulfate dehydrogenases are bacterial cytochromes that contribute to the oxidation of inorganic sulfur. The active sites of these enzymes contain low-spin c-type heme with Cys-/His axial ligation. However, the reduction potentials of these hemes are several hundred mV more negative than that of the thiosulfate/tetrathionate couple (Em, +198 mV), making it difficult to rationalize the thiosulfate oxidizing capability. Here, we describe the reaction of Campylobacter jejuni thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) with sulfite, an analogue of thiosulfate. The reaction leads to stoichiometric conversion of the active site Cys to cysteinyl sulfonate (Cα-CH2-S-SO3-) such that the protein exists in a form closely resembling a proposed intermediate in the pathway for thiosulfate oxidation that carries a cysteinyl thiosulfate (Cα-CH2-S-SSO3-). The active site heme in the stable sulfonated protein displays an Em approximately 200 mV more positive than the Cys-/His-ligated state. This can explain the thiosulfate oxidizing activity of the enzyme and allows us to propose a catalytic mechanism for thiosulfate oxidation. Substrate-driven release of the Cys heme ligand allows that side chain to provide the site of substrate binding and redox transformation; the neighboring heme then simply provides a site for electron relay to an appropriate partner. This chemistry is distinct from that displayed by the Cys-ligated hemes found in gas-sensing hemoproteins and in enzymes such as the cytochromes P450. Thus, a further class of thiolate-ligated hemes is proposed, as exemplified by the TsdA centers that have evolved to catalyze the controlled redox transformations of inorganic oxo anions of sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P. Jenner
- Centre
for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and
School of Biological Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason C. Crack
- Centre
for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and
School of Biological Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M. Kurth
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Friedrich Wilhelms
Universität Bonn, D-53115Bonn, Germany
| | - Zuzana Soldánová
- Centre
for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and
School of Biological Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Brandt
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Friedrich Wilhelms
Universität Bonn, D-53115Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna P. Sokol
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Justin M. Bradley
- Centre
for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and
School of Biological Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Dahl
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Friedrich Wilhelms
Universität Bonn, D-53115Bonn, Germany
| | - Myles R. Cheesman
- Centre
for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and
School of Biological Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julea N. Butt
- Centre
for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and
School of Biological Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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5
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Engineering bio-interfaces for the direct electron transfer of Myriococcum thermophilum cellobiose dehydrogenase: Towards a mediator-less biosupercapacitor/biofuel cell hybrid. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114337. [PMID: 35537312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Direct electron transfer (DET) of enzymes on electrode surfaces is highly desirable both for fundamental mechanistic studies and to achieve membrane- and mediator-less bioenergy harvesting. In this report, we describe the preparation and comprehensive structural and electrochemical characterization of a three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based carbon electrode, onto which the two-domain redox enzyme Myriococcum thermophilum cellobiose dehydrogenase (MtCDH) is immobilized. The electrode is prepared by an entirely novel method, which combines in a single step electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and simultaneous electrodeposition of positively charged polyethylenimine (PEI), resulting in a well dispersed MtCDH surface. The resulting MtCDH bio-interface was characterized structurally in detail, optimized, and found to exhibit a DET maximum current density of 7.7 ± 0.9 μA cm-2 and a half-lifetime of 48 h for glucose oxidation, attributed to favorable MtCDH surface orientation. A dual, entirely DET-based enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC) was constructed with a MtCDH bioanode and a Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase (MvBOD) biocathode. The EBFC delivers a maximum power density (Pmax) of 7.6 ± 1.3 μW cm-2, an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.60 V, and an operational lifetime over seven days, which exceeds most reported CDH based DET-type EBFCs. A biosupercapacitor/EBFC hybrid was also constructed and found to register maximum power densities 62 and 43 times higher than single glucose/air and lactose/air EBFCs, respectively. This hybrid also shows excellent operational stability with self-charging/discharging over at least 500 cycles.
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6
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Ciogli L, Zumpano R, Poloznikov AA, Hushpulian DM, Tishkov VI, Andreu R, Gorton L, Mazzei F, Favero G, Bollella P. Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Tobacco Peroxidase Immobilized on
p
‐Phenylenediamine Diazonium Cation Grafted Carbon Nanotubes: Preventing Fenton‐like Inactivation at Negative Potential. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ciogli
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Rosaceleste Zumpano
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Andrey A. Poloznikov
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology National Research University Higher School of Economics 13/4 Myasnitskaya str. Moscow 117997 Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Hushpulian
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology National Research University Higher School of Economics 13/4 Myasnitskaya str. Moscow 117997 Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Tishkov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33, bld. 2 Moscow 119071 Russia
- Department of Chemical Enzymology School of Chemistry M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Rafael Andreu
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Sevilla Profesor García González 1 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Gabriele Favero
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University Potsdam NY 13699-5810 United States
- Department of Chemistry University of Bari A. Moro Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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7
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Sulej J, Jaszek M, Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Matuszewska A, Bancerz R, Janczarek M. Natural microbial polysaccharides as effective factors for modification of the catalytic properties of fungal cellobiose dehydrogenase. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4433-4448. [PMID: 34132850 PMCID: PMC8360876 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biopolymers composed of simple sugars like glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, etc. The major natural sources for the production of polysaccharides include plants and microorganisms. In the present work, four bacterial and two fungal polysaccharides (PS or EPS) were used for the modification and preservation of Pycnoporus sanguineus cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) activity. It was found that the presence of polysaccharide preparations clearly enhanced the stability of cellobiose dehydrogenase compared to the control value (4 °C). The highest stabilization effect was observed for CDH modified with Rh110EPS. Changes in the optimum pH in the samples of CDH incubated with the chosen polysaccharide modifiers were evidenced as well. The most significant effect was observed for Rh24EPS and Cu139PS (pH 3.5). Cyclic voltammetry used for the analysis of electrochemical parameters of modified CDH showed the highest peak values after 30 days of incubation with polysaccharides at 4 °C. In summary, natural polysaccharides seem to be an effective biotechnological tool for the modification of CDH activity to increase the possibilities of its practical applications in many fields of industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sulej
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Matuszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Bancerz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Janczarek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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8
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Geiss A, Reichhart TMB, Pejker B, Plattner E, Herzog PL, Schulz C, Ludwig R, Felice AKG, Haltrich D. Engineering the Turnover Stability of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase toward Long-Term Bioelectronic Applications. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:7086-7100. [PMID: 34306835 PMCID: PMC8296668 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an attractive oxidoreductase for bioelectrochemical applications. Its two-domain structure allows the flavoheme enzyme to establish direct electron transfer to biosensor and biofuel cell electrodes. Yet, the application of CDH in these devices is impeded by its limited stability under turnover conditions. In this work, we aimed to improve the turnover stability of CDH by semirational, high-throughput enzyme engineering. We screened 13 736 colonies in a 96-well plate setup for improved turnover stability and selected 11 improved variants. Measures were taken to increase the reproducibility and robustness of the screening setup, and the statistical evaluation demonstrates the validity of the procedure. The selected CDH variants were expressed in shaking flasks and characterized in detail by biochemical and electrochemical methods. Two mechanisms contributing to turnover stability were found: (i) replacement of methionine side chains prone to oxidative damage and (ii) the reduction of oxygen reactivity achieved by an improved balance of the individual reaction rates in the two CDH domains. The engineered CDH variants hold promise for the application in continuous biosensors or biofuel cells, while the deduced mechanistic insights serve as a basis for future enzyme engineering approaches addressing the turnover stability of oxidoreductases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas
F. Geiss
- Biocatalysis
and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M. B. Reichhart
- Biocatalysis
and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- DirectSens
Biosensors GmbH, Am Rosenbühel
38, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Pejker
- Biocatalysis
and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther Plattner
- DirectSens
Biosensors GmbH, Am Rosenbühel
38, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter L. Herzog
- DirectSens
Biosensors GmbH, Am Rosenbühel
38, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christopher Schulz
- DirectSens
Biosensors GmbH, Am Rosenbühel
38, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis
and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- DirectSens
Biosensors GmbH, Am Rosenbühel
38, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alfons K. G. Felice
- DirectSens
Biosensors GmbH, Am Rosenbühel
38, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- E-mail: . Telephone: +436505000167
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Biocatalysis
and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Polymer coating for improved redox-polymer-mediated enzyme electrodes: A mini-review. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
Because of environmental concerns, there is a growing interest in new ways to produce green energy. Among the several studied applications, enzymatic biofuel cells can be considered as a promising solution to generate electricity from biological catalytic reactions. Indeed, enzymes show very good results as biocatalysts thanks to their excellent intrinsic properties, such as specificity toward substrate, high catalytic activity with low overvoltage for substrate conversion, mild operating conditions like ambient temperature and near-neutral pH. Furthermore, enzymes present low cost, renewability and biodegradability. The wide range of applications moves from miniaturized portable electronic equipment and sensors to integrated lab-on-chip power supplies, advanced in vivo diagnostic medical devices to wearable devices. Nevertheless, enzymatic biofuel cells show great concerns in terms of long-term stability and high power output nowadays, highlighting that this particular technology is still at early stage of development. The main aim of this review concerns the performance assessment of enzymatic biofuel cells based on flow designs, considered to be of great interest for powering biosensors and wearable devices. Different enzymatic flow cell designs are presented and analyzed highlighting the achieved performances in terms of power output and long-term stability and emphasizing new promising fabrication methods both for electrodes and cells.
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11
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Cohen R, Cohen Y, Mukha D, Yehezkeli O. Oxygen insensitive amperometric glucose biosensor based on FAD dependent glucose dehydrogenase co-entrapped with DCPIP or DCNQ in a polydopamine layer. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Zeng D, Salvatore P, Karlsen KK, Zhang J, Wengel J, Ulstrup J. Reprint of "Electrochemical intercalator binding to single- and double-strand DNA- and LNA-based molecules on Au(111)-electrode surfaces". J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Bollella P, Katz E. Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3517. [PMID: 32575916 PMCID: PMC7349488 DOI: 10.3390/s20123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET) reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of electroanalytical devices, like biosensors, and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). A brief introduction on the ET observed in proteins/enzymes and its paradigms (e.g., classification of ET mechanisms, maximal distance at which is observed direct electron transfer, etc.) are given. Moreover, the theoretical aspects related to direct electron transfer (DET) are resumed as a guideline for newcomers to the field. Snapshots on the ET theory formulated by Rudolph A. Marcus and on the mathematical model used to calculate the ET rate constant formulated by Laviron are provided. Particular attention is devoted to the case of glucose oxidase (GOx) that has been erroneously classified as an enzyme able to transfer electrons directly. Thereafter, all tools available to investigate ET issues are reported addressing the discussions toward the development of new methodology to tackle ET issues. In conclusion, the trends toward upcoming practical applications are suggested as well as some directions in fundamental studies of bioelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, NY 13699-5810, USA;
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14
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KAIDA Y, HIBINO Y, KITAZUMI Y, SHIRAI O, KANO K. Discussion on Direct Electron Transfer-Type Bioelectrocatalysis of Downsized and Axial-Ligand Exchanged Variants of d-Fructose Dehydrogenase. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.20-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya KAIDA
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yuya HIBINO
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki KITAZUMI
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Osamu SHIRAI
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Kenji KANO
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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15
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Zeng D, Salvatore P, Karlsen KK, Zhang J, Wengel J, Ulstrup J. Electrochemical intercalator binding to single- and double-strand DNA- and LNA-based molecules on Au(111)-electrode surfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Bollella P. Porous Gold: A New Frontier for Enzyme-Based Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E722. [PMID: 32290306 PMCID: PMC7221854 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Porous gold (PG) layers modified electrodes have emerged as valuable enzyme support to realize multiple enzyme-based bioelectrochemical devices like biosensors, enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs), smart drug delivery devices triggered by enzyme catalyzed reactions, etc. PG films can be synthesized by using different methods such as dealloying, electrochemical (e.g., templated electrochemical deposition, self-templated electrochemical deposition, etc.) self-assembly and sputter deposition. This review aims to summarize the recent findings about PG synthesis and electrosynthesis, its characterization and application for enzyme-based electrodes used for biosensors and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, 13699-5810 NY, USA
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17
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Co-immobilization of cellobiose dehydrogenase and deoxyribonuclease I on chitosan nanoparticles against fungal/bacterial polymicrobial biofilms targeting both biofilm matrix and microorganisms. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Cellobiose dehydrogenase. FLAVIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES: MECHANISMS, STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 47:457-489. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Sulej J, Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Jaszek M, Grąz M, Kutkowska J, Pawlik A, Chudzik A, Bancerz R. Antimicrobial and antioxidative potential of free and immobilised cellobiose dehydrogenase isolated from wood degrading fungi. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:875-886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Crystal Structure of the Catalytic and Cytochrome b Domains in a Eukaryotic Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Dehydrogenase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01692-19. [PMID: 31604769 PMCID: PMC6881789 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01692-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is known as the “third coenzyme” following nicotinamide and flavin. PQQ-dependent enzymes have previously been found only in prokaryotes, and the existence of a eukaryotic PQQ-dependent enzyme was in doubt. In 2014, we found an enzyme in mushrooms that catalyzes the oxidation of various sugars in a PQQ-dependent manner and that was a PQQ-dependent enzyme found in eukaryotes. This paper presents the X-ray crystal structures of this eukaryotic PQQ-dependent quinohemoprotein, which show the active site, and identifies the amino acid residues involved in the binding of the cofactor PQQ. The presented X-ray structures reveal that the AA12 domain is in a binary complex with the coenzyme, clearly proving that PQQ-dependent enzymes exist in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Because no biosynthetic system for PQQ has been reported in eukaryotes, future research on the symbiotic systems is expected. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was discovered as a redox cofactor of prokaryotic glucose dehydrogenases in the 1960s, and subsequent studies have demonstrated its importance not only in bacterial systems but also in higher organisms. We have previously reported a novel eukaryotic quinohemoprotein that exhibited PQQ-dependent catalytic activity in a eukaryote. The enzyme, pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH), from the filamentous fungus Coprinopsis cinerea (CcPDH) of the Basidiomycete division, is composed of a catalytic PQQ-dependent domain classified as a member of the novel auxiliary activity family 12 (AA12), an AA8 cytochrome b domain, and a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM1), as defined by the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) database. Here, we present the crystal structures of the AA12 domain in its apo- and holo-forms and the AA8 domain of this enzyme. The crystal structures of the holo-AA12 domain bound to PQQ provide direct evidence that eukaryotes have PQQ-dependent enzymes. The AA12 domain exhibits a six-blade β-propeller fold that is also present in other known PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenases in bacteria. A loop structure around the active site and a calcium ion binding site are unique among the known structures of bacterial quinoproteins. The AA8 cytochrome domain has a positively charged area on its molecular surface, which is partly due to the propionate group of the heme interacting with Arg181; this feature differs from the characteristics of cytochrome b in the AA8 domain of the fungal cellobiose dehydrogenase and suggests that this difference may affect the pH dependence of electron transfer. IMPORTANCE Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is known as the “third coenzyme” following nicotinamide and flavin. PQQ-dependent enzymes have previously been found only in prokaryotes, and the existence of a eukaryotic PQQ-dependent enzyme was in doubt. In 2014, we found an enzyme in mushrooms that catalyzes the oxidation of various sugars in a PQQ-dependent manner and that was a PQQ-dependent enzyme found in eukaryotes. This paper presents the X-ray crystal structures of this eukaryotic PQQ-dependent quinohemoprotein, which show the active site, and identifies the amino acid residues involved in the binding of the cofactor PQQ. The presented X-ray structures reveal that the AA12 domain is in a binary complex with the coenzyme, clearly proving that PQQ-dependent enzymes exist in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Because no biosynthetic system for PQQ has been reported in eukaryotes, future research on the symbiotic systems is expected.
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21
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Jensen UB, Mohammad‐Beigi H, Shipovskov S, Sutherland DS, Ferapontova EE. Activation of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Bioelectrocatalysis by Carbon Nanoparticles. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Bjørnholt Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Hossein Mohammad‐Beigi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Stepan Shipovskov
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Duncan S. Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Elena E. Ferapontova
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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22
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Takeda K, Igarashi K, Yoshida M, Nakamura N. Discovery of a novel quinohemoprotein from a eukaryote and its application in electrochemical devices. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 131:107372. [PMID: 31759220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase is one of the extensively studied sugar-oxidizing enzymes used as a biocatalyst for biosensors and biofuel cells. A novel pyranose dehydrogenase (CcPDH) derived from the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea is the first discovered eukaryotic PQQ-dependent enzyme. This enzyme carries a b-type cytochrome domain that is homologous to the cytochrome domain of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH); thus, CcPDH is a quinohemoprotein. CcPDH catalyzes the oxidation of various aldose sugars and shows significant activity toward the reverse-chair conformation of pyranoses. Interdomain electron transfer occurs in CcPDH similar to CDH, from the PQQ cofactor in the catalytic domain to the heme b in the cytochrome domain. This enzyme is able to direct electrical communication with electrodes, without artificial electron mediators, thus allowing direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis. In this review, we briefly describe recent progress in research on the biochemical discovery of CcPDH and the development of (bio)electrochemical applications (an amperometric biosensor) based on DET reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouta Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobuhumi Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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23
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Ruzgas T, Larpant N, Shafaat A, Sotres J. Wireless, Battery‐Less Biosensors Based on Direct Electron Transfer Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of Health and SocietyMalmö University 205 06 Malmö Sweden
- Biofilms – Research Center for BiointerfacesMalmö University 205 06 Malmö Sweden
| | - Nutcha Larpant
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChulalongkorn University Patumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Atefeh Shafaat
- Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of Health and SocietyMalmö University 205 06 Malmö Sweden
- Biofilms – Research Center for BiointerfacesMalmö University 205 06 Malmö Sweden
| | - Javier Sotres
- Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of Health and SocietyMalmö University 205 06 Malmö Sweden
- Biofilms – Research Center for BiointerfacesMalmö University 205 06 Malmö Sweden
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24
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Jenner LP, Kurth JM, van Helmont S, Sokol KP, Reisner E, Dahl C, Bradley JM, Butt JN, Cheesman MR. Heme ligation and redox chemistry in two bacterial thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) enzymes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18002-18014. [PMID: 31467084 PMCID: PMC6879331 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiosulfate dehydrogenases (TsdAs) are bidirectional bacterial di-heme enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of tetrathionate and thiosulfate at measurable rates in both directions. In contrast to our knowledge of TsdA activities, information on the redox properties in the absence of substrates is rather scant. To address this deficit, we combined magnetic CD (MCD) spectroscopy and protein film electrochemistry (PFE) in a study to resolve heme ligation and redox chemistry in two representative TsdAs. We examined the TsdAs from Campylobacter jejuni, a microaerobic human pathogen, and from the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. In these organisms, the enzyme functions as a tetrathionate reductase and a thiosulfate oxidase, respectively. The active site Heme 1 in both enzymes has His/Cys ligation in the ferric and ferrous states and the midpoint potentials (Em) of the corresponding redox transformations are similar, −185 mV versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). However, fundamental differences are observed in the properties of the second, electron transferring, Heme 2. In C. jejuni, TsdA Heme 2 has His/Met ligation and an Em of +172 mV. In A. vinosum TsdA, Heme 2 reduction triggers a switch from His/Lys ligation (Em, −129 mV) to His/Met (Em, +266 mV), but the rates of interconversion are such that His/Lys ligation would be retained during turnover. In summary, our findings have unambiguously assigned Em values to defined axial ligand sets in TsdAs, specified the rates of Heme 2 ligand exchange in the A. vinosum enzyme, and provided information relevant to describing their catalytic mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P Jenner
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M Kurth
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian van Helmont
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna P Sokol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Dahl
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Justin M Bradley
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julea N Butt
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Myles R Cheesman
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry and School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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25
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Improvement in the thermal stability of Mucor prainii-derived FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase via protein chimerization. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 132:109387. [PMID: 31731974 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH, EC 1.1.5.9) is an enzyme utilized industrially in glucose sensors. Previously, FAD-GDH isolated from Mucor prainii (MpGDH) was demonstrated to have high substrate specificity for glucose. However, MpGDH displays poor thermostability and is inactivated after incubation at 45 °C for only 15 min, which prevents its use in industrial applications, especially in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. Therefore, in this study, a chimeric MpGDH (Mr144-297) was engineered from the glucose-specific MpGDH and the highly thermostable FAD-GDH obtained from Mucor sp. RD056860 (MrdGDH). Mr144-297 demonstrated significantly higher heat resistance, with stability at even 55 °C. In addition, Mr144-297 maintained both high affinity and accurate substrate specificity for D-glucose. Furthermore, eight mutation sites that contributed to improved thermal stability and increased productivity in Escherichia coli were identified. Collectively, chimerization of FAD-GDHs can be an effective method for the construction of an FAD-GDH with greater stability, and the chimeric FAD-GDH described herein could be adapted for use in continuous glucose monitoring sensors.
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26
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Scheiblbrandner S, Ludwig R. Cellobiose dehydrogenase: Bioelectrochemical insights and applications. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 131:107345. [PMID: 31494387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a flavocytochrome with a history of bioelectrochemical research dating back to 1992. During the years, it has been shown to be capable of mediated electron transfer (MET) and direct electron transfer (DET) to a variety of electrodes. This versatility of CDH originates from the separation of the catalytic flavodehydrogenase domain and the electron transferring cytochrome domain. This uncoupling of the catalytic reaction from the electron transfer process allows the application of CDH on many different electrode materials and surfaces, where it shows robust DET. Recent X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering studies provided insights into the structure of CDH and its domain mobility, which can change between a closed-state and an open-state conformation. This structural information verifies the electron transfer mechanism of CDH that was initially established by bioelectrochemical methods. A combination of DET and MET experiments has been used to investigate the catalytic mechanism and the electron transfer process of CDH and to deduce a protein structure comprising of mobile domains. Even more, electrochemical methods have been used to study the redox potentials of the FAD and the haem b cofactors of CDH or the electron transfer rates. These electrochemical experiments, their results and the application of the characterised CDHs in biosensors, biofuel cells and biosupercapacitors are combined with biochemical and structural data to provide a thorough overview on CDH as versatile bioelectrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Scheiblbrandner
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Xiao X, Xia HQ, Wu R, Bai L, Yan L, Magner E, Cosnier S, Lojou E, Zhu Z, Liu A. Tackling the Challenges of Enzymatic (Bio)Fuel Cells. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9509-9558. [PMID: 31243999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demands for clean and sustainable energy sources combined with rapid advances in biointegrated portable or implantable electronic devices have stimulated intensive research activities in enzymatic (bio)fuel cells (EFCs). The use of renewable biocatalysts, the utilization of abundant green, safe, and high energy density fuels, together with the capability of working at modest and biocompatible conditions make EFCs promising as next generation alternative power sources. However, the main challenges (low energy density, relatively low power density, poor operational stability, and limited voltage output) hinder future applications of EFCs. This review aims at exploring the underlying mechanism of EFCs and providing possible practical strategies, methodologies and insights to tackle these issues. First, this review summarizes approaches in achieving high energy densities in EFCs, particularly, employing enzyme cascades for the deep/complete oxidation of fuels. Second, strategies for increasing power densities in EFCs, including increasing enzyme activities, facilitating electron transfers, employing nanomaterials, and designing more efficient enzyme-electrode interfaces, are described. The potential of EFCs/(super)capacitor combination is discussed. Third, the review evaluates a range of strategies for improving the stability of EFCs, including the use of different enzyme immobilization approaches, tuning enzyme properties, designing protective matrixes, and using microbial surface displaying enzymes. Fourth, approaches for the improvement of the cell voltage of EFCs are highlighted. Finally, future developments and a prospective on EFCs are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xiao
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute , University of Limerick , Limerick V94 T9PX , Ireland
| | - Hong-Qi Xia
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West seventh Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Lu Bai
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Lu Yan
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute , University of Limerick , Limerick V94 T9PX , Ireland
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Université Grenoble-Alpes , DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble , France.,Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Elisabeth Lojou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR7281 , Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, IMM , FR 3479, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier 13402 Marseille , Cedex 20 , France
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West seventh Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,School of Pharmacy, Medical College , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266021 , China
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Balaž AM, Stevanović J, Ostafe R, Blazić M, Ilić Đurđić K, Fischer R, Prodanović R. Semi-rational design of cellobiose dehydrogenase for increased stability in the presence of peroxide. Mol Divers 2019; 24:593-601. [PMID: 31154590 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH, EC 1.1.99.18) from white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium can be used for constructing biosensors and biofuel cells, for bleaching cotton in textile industry, and recently, the enzyme has found an important application in biomedicine as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent. Stability and activity of the wild-type (wt) CDH and mutants at methionine residues in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were investigated. Saturation mutagenesis libraries were made at the only methionine in heme domain M65 and two methionines M685 and M738 in the flavin domain that were closest to the active site. After screening the libraries, three mutants with increased activity and stability in the presence of peroxide were found, M65F with 70% of residual activity after 6 h of incubation in 0.3 M hydrogen peroxide, M738S with 80% of residual activity and M685Y with over 90% of residual activity compared to wild-type CDH that retained 40% of original activity. Combined mutants showed no activity. The most stable mutant M685Y with 5.8 times increased half-life in the presence of peroxide showed also 2.5 times increased kcat for lactose compared to wtCDH and could be good candidate for applications in biofuel cells and biocatalysis for lactobionic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marija Balaž
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stevanović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12 - 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Hall for Discovery and Learning Research, Purdue University, 207 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Marija Blazić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karla Ilić Đurđić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12 - 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Single Cell Analytics Center, Indiana Bioscience Research Institute, 1345 W. 16th St. Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Radivoje Prodanović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12 - 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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29
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Sützl L, Foley G, Gillam EMJ, Bodén M, Haltrich D. The GMC superfamily of oxidoreductases revisited: analysis and evolution of fungal GMC oxidoreductases. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 31168323 PMCID: PMC6509819 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) superfamily is a large and functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that share a common structural fold. Fungal members of this superfamily that are characterised and relevant for lignocellulose degradation include aryl-alcohol oxidoreductase, alcohol oxidase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, pyranose dehydrogenase, and pyranose oxidase, which together form family AA3 of the auxiliary activities in the CAZy database of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Overall, little is known about the extant sequence space of these GMC oxidoreductases and their phylogenetic relations. Although some individual forms are well characterised, it is still unclear how they compare in respect of the complete enzyme class and, therefore, also how generalizable are their characteristics. RESULTS To improve the understanding of the GMC superfamily as a whole, we used sequence similarity networks to cluster large numbers of fungal GMC sequences and annotate them according to functionality. Subsequently, different members of the GMC superfamily were analysed in detail with regard to their sequences and phylogeny. This allowed us to define the currently characterised sequence space and show that complete clades of some enzymes have not been studied in any detail to date. Finally, we interpret our results from an evolutionary perspective, where we could show, for example, that pyranose dehydrogenase evolved from aryl-alcohol oxidoreductase after a change in substrate specificity and that the cytochrome domain of cellobiose dehydrogenase was regularly lost during evolution. CONCLUSIONS This study offers new insights into the sequence variation and phylogenetic relationships of fungal GMC/AA3 sequences. Certain clades of these GMC enzymes identified in our phylogenetic analyses are completely uncharacterised to date, and might include enzyme activities of varying specificities and/or activities that are hitherto unstudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Sützl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral Programme BioToP-Biomolecular Technology of Proteins, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Foley
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mikael Bodén
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral Programme BioToP-Biomolecular Technology of Proteins, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Directed Evolution of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase on the Surface of Yeast Cells Using Resazurin-Based Fluorescent Assay. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium can be used in lactobionic acid production, biosensor for lactose, biofuel cells, lignocellulose degradation, and wound-healing applications. To make it a better biocatalyst, CDH with higher activity in an immobilized form is desirable. For this purpose, CDH was expressed for the first time on the surface of S. cerevisiae EBY100 cells in an active form as a triple mutant tmCDH (D20N, A64T, V592M) and evolved further for higher activity using resazurin-based fluorescent assay. In order to decrease blank reaction of resazurin with yeast cells and to have linear correlation between enzyme activity on the cell surface and fluorescence signal, the assay was optimized with respect to resazurin concentration (0.1 mM), substrate concentration (10 mM lactose and 0.08 mM cellobiose), and pH (6.0). Using optimized assay an error prone PCR gene library of tmCDH was screened. Two mutants with 5 (H5) and 7 mutations (H9) were found having two times higher activity than the parent tmCDH enzyme that already had improved activity compared to wild type CDH whose activity could not be detected on the surface of yeast cells.
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Ma S, Ludwig R. Direct Electron Transfer of Enzymes Facilitated by Cytochromes. ChemElectroChem 2019; 6:958-975. [PMID: 31008015 PMCID: PMC6472588 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The direct electron transfer (DET) of enzymes has been utilized to develop biosensors and enzymatic biofuel cells on micro- and nanostructured electrodes. Whereas some enzymes exhibit direct electron transfer between their active-site cofactor and an electrode, other oxidoreductases depend on acquired cytochrome domains or cytochrome subunits as built-in redox mediators. The physiological function of these cytochromes is to transfer electrons between the active-site cofactor and a redox partner protein. The exchange of the natural electron acceptor/donor by an electrode has been demonstrated for several cytochrome carrying oxidoreductases. These multi-cofactor enzymes have been applied in third generation biosensors to detect glucose, lactate, and other analytes. This review investigates and classifies oxidoreductases with a cytochrome domain, enzyme complexes with a cytochrome subunit, and covers designed cytochrome fusion enzymes. The structurally and electrochemically best characterized proponents from each enzyme class carrying a cytochrome, that is, flavoenzymes, quinoenzymes, molybdenum-cofactor enzymes, iron-sulfur cluster enzymes, and multi-haem enzymes, are featured, and their biochemical, kinetic, and electrochemical properties are compared. The cytochromes molecular and functional properties as well as their contribution to the interdomain electron transfer (IET, between active-site and cytochrome) and DET (between cytochrome and electrode) with regard to the achieved current density is discussed. Protein design strategies for cytochrome-fused enzymes are reviewed and the limiting factors as well as strategies to overcome them are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ma
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory Department of Food Science and TechnologyBOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory Department of Food Science and TechnologyBOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
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Grippo V, Ma S, Ludwig R, Gorton L, Bilewicz R. Cellobiose dehydrogenase hosted in lipidic cubic phase to improve catalytic activity and stability. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 125:134-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Meneghello M, Al-Lolage FA, Ma S, Ludwig R, Bartlett PN. Studying direct electron transfer by site-directed immobilization of cellobiose dehydrogenase. ChemElectroChem 2019; 6:700-713. [PMID: 31700765 PMCID: PMC6837870 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Covalent coupling between a surface exposed cysteine residue and maleimide groups was used to immobilize variants of Myriococcum thermophilum cellobiose dehydrogenase (MtCDH) at multiwall carbon nanotube electrodes. By introducing individual cysteine residues at particular places on the surface of the flavodehydrogenase domain of the flavocytochrome we are able to immobilize the different variants in different orientations. Our results show that direct electron transfer (DET) occurs exclusively through the haem b cofactor and that the redox potential of the haem is unaffected by the orientation of the enzyme. Electron transfer between the haem and the electrode is fast in all cases and at high glucose concentrations the catalytic currents are limited by the rate of inter-domain electron transfer (IET) between the FAD and the haem. Using ferrocene carboxylic acid as a mediator we find that the total amount of immobilized enzyme is 4 to 5 times greater than the amount of enzyme that participates in DET. The role of IET in the overall DET catalysed oxidation was also demonstrated by the effects of changing Ca2+ concentration and by proteolytic cleavage of the cytochrome domain on the DET and MET currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Meneghello
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Firas A. Al-Lolage
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Su Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - Philip N. Bartlett
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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Mangan D, McCleary BV, Culleton H, Cornaggia C, Ivory R, McKie VA, Delaney E, Kargelis T. A novel enzymatic method for the measurement of lactose in lactose-free products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:947-956. [PMID: 30120788 PMCID: PMC6585930 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years there has been a surge in the number of commercially available lactose-free variants of a wide variety of products. This presents an analytical challenge for the measurement of the residual lactose content in the presence of high levels of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides. RESULTS In the current work, we describe the development of a novel enzymatic low-lactose determination method termed LOLAC (low lactose), which is based on an optimized glucose removal pre-treatment step followed by a sequential enzymatic assay that measures residual glucose and lactose in a single cuvette. Sensitivity was improved over existing enzymatic lactose assays through the extension of the typical glucose detection biochemical pathway to amplify the signal response. Selectivity for lactose in the presence of structurally similar oligosaccharides was provided by using a β-galactosidase with much improved selectivity over the analytical industry standards from Aspergillus oryzae and Escherichia coli (EcLacZ), coupled with a 'creep' calculation adjustment to account for any overestimation. The resulting enzymatic method was fully characterized in terms of its linear range (2.3-113 mg per 100 g), limit of detection (LOD) (0.13 mg per 100 g), limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.44 mg per 100 g) and reproducibility (≤ 3.2% coefficient of variation (CV)). A range of commercially available lactose-free samples were analyzed with spiking experiments and excellent recoveries were obtained. Lactose quantitation in lactose-free infant formula, a particularly challenging matrix, was carried out using the LOLAC method and the results compared favorably with those obtained from a United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) accredited laboratory employing quantitative high performance anion exchange chromatography - pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) analysis. CONCLUSION The LOLAC assay is the first reported enzymatic method that accurately quantitates lactose in lactose-free samples. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mangan
- Megazyme u.c., IDA Business ParkSouthern Cross Road, Bray, Co. WicklowIreland
| | - Barry V McCleary
- Megazyme u.c., IDA Business ParkSouthern Cross Road, Bray, Co. WicklowIreland
| | - Helena Culleton
- Megazyme u.c., IDA Business ParkSouthern Cross Road, Bray, Co. WicklowIreland
| | - Claudio Cornaggia
- Megazyme u.c., IDA Business ParkSouthern Cross Road, Bray, Co. WicklowIreland
| | - Ruth Ivory
- Megazyme u.c., IDA Business ParkSouthern Cross Road, Bray, Co. WicklowIreland
| | - Vincent A McKie
- Megazyme u.c., IDA Business ParkSouthern Cross Road, Bray, Co. WicklowIreland
| | - Elaine Delaney
- Megazyme u.c., IDA Business ParkSouthern Cross Road, Bray, Co. WicklowIreland
| | - Tadas Kargelis
- Megazyme u.c., IDA Business ParkSouthern Cross Road, Bray, Co. WicklowIreland
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HIBINO Y, KAWAI S, KITAZUMI Y, SHIRAI O, KANO K. Protein-Engineering Improvement of Direct Electron Transfer-Type Bioelectrocatalytic Properties of d-Fructose Dehydrogenase. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.18-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya HIBINO
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Shota KAWAI
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki KITAZUMI
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Osamu SHIRAI
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Kenji KANO
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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Bissaro B, Várnai A, Røhr ÅK, Eijsink VGH. Oxidoreductases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:e00029-18. [PMID: 30257993 PMCID: PMC6298611 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00029-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass constitutes an appealing alternative to fossil resources for the production of materials and energy. The abundance and attractiveness of vegetal biomass come along with challenges pertaining to the intricacy of its structure, evolved during billions of years to face and resist abiotic and biotic attacks. To achieve the daunting goal of plant cell wall decomposition, microorganisms have developed many (enzymatic) strategies, from which we seek inspiration to develop biotechnological processes. A major breakthrough in the field has been the discovery of enzymes today known as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), which, by catalyzing the oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides, allow canonical hydrolytic enzymes to depolymerize the biomass more efficiently. Very recently, it has been shown that LPMOs are not classical monooxygenases in that they can also use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. This discovery calls for a revision of our understanding of how lignocellulolytic enzymes are connected since H2O2 is produced and used by several of them. The first part of this review is dedicated to the LPMO paradigm, describing knowns, unknowns, and uncertainties. We then present different lignocellulolytic redox systems, enzymatic or not, that depend on fluxes of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on an assessment of these putatively interconnected systems, we suggest that fine-tuning of H2O2 levels and proximity between sites of H2O2 production and consumption are important for fungal biomass conversion. In the last part of this review, we discuss how our evolving understanding of redox processes involved in biomass depolymerization may translate into industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bissaro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Anikó Várnai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Åsmund K Røhr
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
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Abstract
Fungi are among the microorganisms able to generate electricity as a result of their metabolic processes. Throughout the last several years, a large number of papers on various microorganisms for current production in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been published; however, fungi still lack sufficient evaluation in this regard. In this review, we focus on fungi, paying special attention to their potential applicability to MFCs. Fungi used as anodic or cathodic catalysts, in different reactor configurations, with or without the addition of an exogenous mediator, are described. Contrary to bacteria, in which the mechanism of electron transfer is pretty well known, the mechanism of electron transfer in fungi-based MFCs has not been studied intensively. Thus, here we describe the main findings, which can be used as the starting point for future investigations. We show that fungi have the potential to act as electrogens or cathode catalysts, but MFCs based on bacteria–fungus interactions are especially interesting. The review presents the current state-of-the-art in the field of MFC systems exploiting fungi.
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Bollella P, Hibino Y, Kano K, Gorton L, Antiochia R. Enhanced Direct Electron Transfer of Fructose Dehydrogenase Rationally Immobilized on a 2-Aminoanthracene Diazonium Cation Grafted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Based Electrode. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Yuya Hibino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Tavahodi M, Schulz C, Assarsson A, Ortiz R, Ludwig R, Cabaleiro-Lago C, Haghighi B, Gorton L. Interaction of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles with cellobiose dehydrogenase: The role of surface charges. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Redox enzymes, which catalyze reactions involving electron transfers in living organisms, are very promising components of biotechnological devices, and can be envisioned for sensing applications as well as for energy conversion. In this context, one of the most significant challenges is to achieve efficient direct electron transfer by tunneling between enzymes and conductive surfaces. Based on various examples of bioelectrochemical studies described in the recent literature, this review discusses the issue of enzyme immobilization at planar electrode interfaces. The fundamental importance of controlling enzyme orientation, how to obtain such orientation, and how it can be verified experimentally or by modeling are the three main directions explored. Since redox enzymes are sizable proteins with anisotropic properties, achieving their functional immobilization requires a specific and controlled orientation on the electrode surface. All the factors influenced by this orientation are described, ranging from electronic conductivity to efficiency of substrate supply. The specificities of the enzymatic molecule, surface properties, and dipole moment, which in turn influence the orientation, are introduced. Various ways of ensuring functional immobilization through tuning of both the enzyme and the electrode surface are then described. Finally, the review deals with analytical techniques that have enabled characterization and quantification of successful achievement of the desired orientation. The rich contributions of electrochemistry, spectroscopy (especially infrared spectroscopy), modeling, and microscopy are featured, along with their limitations.
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Bollella P, Gorton L, Antiochia R. Direct Electron Transfer of Dehydrogenases for Development of 3rd Generation Biosensors and Enzymatic Fuel Cells. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1319. [PMID: 29695133 PMCID: PMC5982196 DOI: 10.3390/s18051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrogenase based bioelectrocatalysis has been increasingly exploited in recent years in order to develop new bioelectrochemical devices, such as biosensors and biofuel cells, with improved performances. In some cases, dehydrogeases are able to directly exchange electrons with an appropriately designed electrode surface, without the need for an added redox mediator, allowing bioelectrocatalysis based on a direct electron transfer process. In this review we briefly describe the electron transfer mechanism of dehydrogenase enzymes and some of the characteristics required for bioelectrocatalysis reactions via a direct electron transfer mechanism. Special attention is given to cellobiose dehydrogenase and fructose dehydrogenase, which showed efficient direct electron transfer reactions. An overview of the most recent biosensors and biofuel cells based on the two dehydrogenases will be presented. The various strategies to prepare modified electrodes in order to improve the electron transfer properties of the device will be carefully investigated and all analytical parameters will be presented, discussed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Bollella P, Hibino Y, Kano K, Gorton L, Antiochia R. The influence of pH and divalent/monovalent cations on the internal electron transfer (IET), enzymatic activity, and structure of fructose dehydrogenase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3253-3264. [PMID: 29564502 PMCID: PMC5937911 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the influence of pH and monovalent/divalent cations on the catalytic current response, internal electron transfer (IET), and structure of fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) by using amperometry, spectrophotometry, and circular dichroism (CD). Amperometric measurements were performed on graphite electrodes, onto which FDH was adsorbed and the effect on the response current to fructose was investigated when varying the pH and the concentrations of divalent/monovalent cations in the contacting buffer. In the presence of 10 mM CaCl2, a current increase of up to ≈ 240% was observed, probably due to an intra-complexation reaction between Ca2+ and the aspartate/glutamate residues found at the interface between the dehydrogenase domain and the cytochrome domain of FDH. Contrary to CaCl2, addition of MgCl2 did not show any particular influence, whereas addition of monovalent cations (Na+ or K+) led to a slight linear increase in the maximum response current. To complement the amperometric investigations, spectrophotometric assays were carried out under homogeneous conditions in the presence of a 1-electron non-proton-acceptor, cytochrome c, or a 2-electron-proton acceptor, 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP), respectively. In the case of cytochrome c, it was possible to observe a remarkable increase in the absorbance up to 200% when 10 mM CaCl2 was added. However, by further increasing the concentration of CaCl2 up to 50 mM and 100 mM, a decrease in the absorbance with a slight inhibition effect was observed for the highest CaCl2 concentration. Addition of MgCl2 or of the monovalent cations shows, surprisingly, no effect on the electron transfer to the electron acceptor. Contrary to the case of cytochrome c, with DCIP none of the cations tested seem to affect the rate of catalysis. In order to correlate the results obtained by amperometric and spectrophotometric measurements, CD experiments have been performed showing a great structural change of FDH when increasing the concentration CaCl2 up to 50 mM, at which the enzyme molecules start to agglomerate, hindering the substrate access to the active site probably due to a chelation reaction occurring at the enzyme surface with the glutamate/aspartate residues. Fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) consists of three subunits, but only two are involved in the electron transfer process: (I) 2e−/2H+ fructose oxidation, (II) internal electron transfer (IET), (III) direct electron transfer (DET) through 2 heme c; FDH activity either in solution or when immobilized onto an electrode surface is enhanced about 2.5-fold by adding 10 mM CaCl2 to the buffer solution, whereas MgCl2 had an “inhibition” effect. Moreover, the additions of KCl or NaCl led to a slight current increase ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuya Hibino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Gonzalez-Solino C, Lorenzo MD. Enzymatic Fuel Cells: Towards Self-Powered Implantable and Wearable Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E11. [PMID: 29382147 PMCID: PMC5872059 DOI: 10.3390/bios8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid progress in nanotechnology and microengineering, point-of-care and personalised healthcare, based on wearable and implantable diagnostics, is becoming a reality. Enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs) hold great potential as a sustainable means to power such devices by using physiological fluids as the fuel. This review summarises the fundamental operation of EFCs and discusses the most recent advances for their use as implantable and wearable self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirella Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Bollella P, Gorton L, Ludwig R, Antiochia R. A Third Generation Glucose Biosensor Based on Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Immobilized on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Decorated with Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles: Characterization and Application in Human Saliva. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1912. [PMID: 28820469 PMCID: PMC5579551 DOI: 10.3390/s17081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient direct electron transfer (DET) between a cellobiose dehydrogenase mutant from Corynascus thermophilus (CtCDH C291Y) and a novel glassy carbon (GC)-modified electrode, obtained by direct electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was realized. The electrode was further modified with a mixed self-assembled monolayer of 4-aminothiophenol (4-APh) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linking agent. The CtCDH C291Y/GA/4-APh,4-MBA/AuNPs/GC platform showed an apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) of 19.4 ± 0.6 s-1, with an enhanced theoretical and real enzyme surface coverage (Γtheor and Γreal) of 5287 ± 152 pmol cm-2 and 27 ± 2 pmol cm-2, respectively. The modified electrode was successively used as glucose biosensor exhibiting a detection limit of 6.2 μM, an extended linear range from 0.02 to 30 mM, a sensitivity of 3.1 ± 0.1 μA mM-1 cm-2 (R2 = 0.995), excellent stability and good selectivity. These performances compared favourably with other glucose biosensors reported in the literature. Finally, the biosensor was tested to quantify the glucose content in human saliva samples with successful results in terms of both recovery and correlation with glucose blood levels, allowing further considerations on the development of non-invasive glucose monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome 5 00185, Italy.
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome 5 00185, Italy.
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46
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Novel thin layer flow-cell screen-printed graphene electrode for enzymatic sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 93:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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47
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Al-Lolage FA, Meneghello M, Ma S, Ludwig R, Bartlett PN. A Flexible Method for the Stable, Covalent Immobilization of Enzymes at Electrode Surfaces. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firas A. Al-Lolage
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Mosul; Mosul Iraq
| | - Marta Meneghello
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Su Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 Vienna A-1190 Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 Vienna A-1190 Austria
| | - Philip N. Bartlett
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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Hibino Y, Kawai S, Kitazumi Y, Shirai O, Kano K. Construction of a protein-engineered variant of d -fructose dehydrogenase for direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalysis. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sturini M, Girometta C, Maraschi F, Savino E, Profumo A. A Preliminary Investigation on Metal Bioaccumulation by Perenniporia fraxinea. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:508-512. [PMID: 28204838 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lignicolous macrofungus Perenniporia fraxinea has drawn increased attention due to its role as a pathogen of ornamentals in urban sites. The present study investigated the bioaccumulation of heavy metals by P. fraxinea. Sporophores were collected from urban and suburban areas in Pavia (Northern Italy) and analyzed for metals content (Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, after microwave acidic digestion. On the basis of the obtained results the potential bioaccumulation capability of P. fraxinea was investigated. The isolates were grown in a culture medium enriched with different concentrations of Cd and Hg, chosen as probes of environmental pollution, and Cu for comparison. As P. fraxinea grows in the presence of Cd, Hg and Cu, it seems to be a potential tool in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sturini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Girometta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DSTA), University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Maraschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DSTA), University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - A Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Ma S, Preims M, Piumi F, Kappel L, Seiboth B, Record E, Kracher D, Ludwig R. Molecular and catalytic properties of fungal extracellular cellobiose dehydrogenase produced in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:37. [PMID: 28245812 PMCID: PMC5331742 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular enzyme produced by lignocellulolytic fungi. cdh gene expression is high in cellulose containing media, but relatively low CDH concentrations are found in the supernatant of fungal cultures due to strong binding to cellulose. Therefore, heterologous expression of CDH in Pichia pastoris was employed in the last 15 years, but the obtained enzymes were over glycosylated and had a reduced specific activity. RESULTS We compare the well-established CDH expression host P. pastoris with the less frequently used hosts Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma reesei. The study evaluates the produced quantity and protein homogeneity of Corynascus thermophilus CDH in the culture supernatants, the purification, and finally compares the enzymes in regard to cofactor loading, glycosylation, catalytic constants and thermostability. CONCLUSIONS Whereas E. coli could only express the catalytic dehydrogenase domain of CDH, all eukaryotic hosts could express full length CDH including the cytochrome domain. The CDH produced by T. reesei was most similar to the CDH originally isolated from the fungus C. thermophilus in regard to glycosylation, cofactor loading and catalytic constants. Under the tested experimental conditions the fungal expression hosts produce CDH of superior quality and uniformity compared to P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ma
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marita Preims
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - François Piumi
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Lisa Kappel
- Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Seiboth
- Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Record
- Aix Marseille Université, INRA, BBF (Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques), Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Kracher
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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